WRAP THESIS Ashford 1983.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

WRAP THESIS Ashford 1983.Pdf University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/34787 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION 1945-1975 Nigel Ashford. Submitted for a Doctorate in Politics University of Warwick, Department of Politics, February, 1983. CONTENTS Acknowledgements Summary iv. Abbreviations v. Introduction 1 1. The Nature of the Conservative Party 9 2. The European Party, 1945-1951 36 3. "With, but not of, Europe", 1951-1960 89 4. The First Application, 1961-1963 134 5. A Renewed Commitment, 1963-1970 204 6. To Be Or Not To Be, 1970-1972 262 7. Still the Party of Europe, 1972-1975 312 8. The Distribution of Power within the Conservative 361 Party and the European Issue Bibliography 400 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Large numbers of people assisted in the preparation of this dissertation, so I hope they will appreciate if they are not all mentioned by name. My thanks are due to: all those interviewed for background information and confirmation, many of whom requested that they remain anonymous; the librarians at the University of Warwick, the University of London, Paisley College of Technology and especially the Conservative Party Archivist at the Bodleian Library, Oxford; Conservative Central Office for providing access to material, much of which was not made generally available to researchers, and especially to Lord Thorneycroft, Geoffrey Block, Alan Smith and Tessa Eardle; and to the following organisations for permission to examine their records, the Conservative Grou p for Europe, the Anti-Common Market League, the Conservative Anti-Common Market Information Service, the Bow Group and the Monday Club. Dr. William Paterson, my supervisor, provided much help and encouragement, as did several friends and colleagues, Dr. Michael Turner, Dr. David Judge and Maria Stepek. My final thanks must go to my parents for their encouragement and sacrifices over an even longer period of time. This dissertation is, in a small way, a sign that their sacrifices were not wasted. SUMMARY Much of the study of the British Conservative Party has been concerned with the power of the Party Leader. Two conflicting interpretations have been presented: the monolithic view that power lies essentially in the hands of the Leader, and the pluralist view that power is widely dispersed within the party. This dissertation examines the validity of these interpretations with regard to the question of Britain's attitude to European integration from 1945 to 1975, an issue which has traditionally been seen to support the monolithic view. The primary method of investigation in this study has been the examination of primary sources in the archives of the Conservative Party and other relevant bodies, supported by interviews with participants. The Introduction presents the two interpretations and demonstrates that the monolithic view has been widely presented as the correct one to explain the party's position on European integration. Chapter One reviews the literature on the distribution of power within the Conservative Party. Within the framework of the various elements that make up the party, the issue is examined chronologically. Chapter Two examines 1945 to 1951; Chapter Three, 1951 to 1960; Chapter Four, 1961 to 1963; Chapter Five, 1963 to 1970; Chapter 6, 1970 to 1972; and Chapter Seven, 1973-1975. The final chapter argues that the electoral orientation of the Conservative Party leads to a pluralist distribution of power, and that the study of the European issue supports that interpretation. This thesis substantially undermines an important source of support for the monolithic interpretation and provides additional support for the pluralist view of the distribution of power within the Conservative Party. iv. ABBREVIATIONS A.C.M.L. - Anti-Common Market League. B.i.E. - Britain in Europe. C.A.C.M.I.S. - Conservative Anti-Common Market Information Service. C.A.P. - Common Agricultural Policy. C.A.T.O.R. - Conservatives Against the Treaty of Rome. C.B.I. - Confederation of British Industry. C.C.O. - Conservative Central Office. C.G.E. - Conservative Group for Europe. C.I.A. - Commonwealth Industries Association. C.P.C. - Conservative Political Centre. C.R.D. - Conservative Research Department. E.C.C. - European Co-ordinating Committee. E.C.C.S. - European Union of Conservative and Christian Democrat Students. E.C.S.C. - European Coal and Steel Community. E.D.C. - European Defence Community. E.D.P. - European Democrat Party. E.E.C. - European Economic Community. E.F.T.A. - European Free Trade Area. E.L.E.C. - European League for Economic Co-operation. E.M. - European Movement. E.U.W. - European Union of Women. F.B.I. - Federation of British Industry. F.C.S. - Federation of Conservative Students. F.T.A. - Free Trade Area. F.U.C.U.A. - Federation of University Conservative & Unionist Associations. G.L.Y.C. - Greater London Young Conservatives. V. I.C.C.S. - International Union of Conservative and Christian Democrat Students. M.E.P. - Member of the European Parliament. N.A.C. - National Advisory Committee. N.A.F.T.A. - North Atlantic Free Trade Area. N.A.T.O. - North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. N.C.P. - Notes on Current Politics. N.E.I. - Nouvelles Equipes Internationale. N.F.U. - National Farmers Union. N.U.E.C. - National Union Executive Committee. 0.E.E.C. - Organisation for European Economic Co-operation. O.R.C. - Opinion Research Centre. T.U.N.A.C. - Trade Union National Advisory Committee. U.E.C.D. - European Union of Christian Democrats. V.A.T. - Value Added Tax. W.E.U. - Western European Union. Y.C. - Young Conservative. Y.E.D. - Young European Democrats. vi. 1 Introduction Discussions of the Conservative Party have traditionally emphasised the powers of the Leader. McKenzie, in his seminal work on British Political Parties, stated, "The most striking feature of the Conservative party organisation is the enormous powers which "It appear to be concentrated in the hands of the Leader". (1) would be difficult to envisage a more tight-knit system of oligarchic (2) control of the affairs of a political party". Samuel Beer, in his classic study of Modern British Politics, stressed that "The Tory conception of the wide and independent authority of Government and parliamentary leaders implies that they will have a very free hand to do what they think best". (3) Official party documents tend to confirm this view. The Maxwell Fyfe Report described the Leader as (4) "the main fountain and interpreter of policy". Hoffman stated that "the party constitution accords what appears to be close to dictatorial powers to the Leader of the party in the matter of policy-making". (5) This view has been described as a monarchical or a Hobbesian model of the distribution of power within the Conservative Party. (5) McKenzie saw the power of the Leader as arising from three factors: his security of tenure, the wide range of appointments within his control, and his exclusive right to determine party policy. Beer found the source of his power as arising from the ideology of the party which stresses hierarchy, authority and leadership. Nigel Fisher emphasised the security of tenure, that "a Prime Minister who is in good health and enjoys the support of his Cabinet colleagues is virtually immovable", (7) while Gamble stressed the ability of the Leader to manipulate the party to support his policies. (8) An alternative, and more pluralistic, view of the Conservative 2 party has been presented. Pinto-Duchinsky argued that in practice "informal manoeuvres and compromise between leaders, M.P.s and local associations are essential to the maintenance of party unity and to the formation of policy". (9) Behrens believed that the huge formal authority of the Leader was circumscribed within defined limits and involved a high degree of consultation with other elements of the party, which.he described as "the traditional form of (10) conversation". Norton and Aughey found the Hobbesian model less useful than "a traditional family" model, which emphasised the responsibilities as well as the rights of the various elements of the (11) party • The monolithic and pluralist models are competing descriptions of the Conservative Party. The monolithic view of the Conservative Party has been supported by studies of Britain's attitude to European integration. These studies have placed heavy emphasis on the role of the Party Leader in creating Conservative support for Britain's involvement with European unity. The story of the Conservative attitude to Europe has been written in the names of three men: Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan and Edward Heath. Most studies of Britain and her post-war relations with the rest of Europe start with Churchill's speech in Zurich in 1946 and his (12) call for a United States of Europe. Duncan Sandys stated that "it was Churchill's voice which first called upon Europe to unite". (13) Most Conservative publications on Europe referred to Churchill's role as an inspiration of the European Movement in the immediate post-war period. Churchill was seen as the chief spokesman for the European idea in Britain at this time. The role of Harold Macmillan in the first application for British membership of the European Community in 1961 has received considerable ^ 3 emphasis in most discussions of this event. Lindsay and Harrington, in their history of the Conservative Party, believed that "The conversion of the Conservative party to the Common Market was one of the more remarkable of Macmillan's political achievements, for the whole enterprise stood in flat contradiction to all the traditional instincts of the party, which were for national sovereignty at any (14) price".
Recommended publications
  • Celebrities As Political Representatives: Explaining the Exchangeability of Celebrity Capital in the Political Field
    Celebrities as Political Representatives: Explaining the Exchangeability of Celebrity Capital in the Political Field Ellen Watts Royal Holloway, University of London Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Politics 2018 Declaration I, Ellen Watts, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Ellen Watts September 17, 2018. 2 Abstract The ability of celebrities to become influential political actors is evident (Marsh et al., 2010; Street 2004; 2012, West and Orman, 2003; Wheeler, 2013); the process enabling this is not. While Driessens’ (2013) concept of celebrity capital provides a starting point, it remains unclear how celebrity capital is exchanged for political capital. Returning to Street’s (2004) argument that celebrities claim to speak for others provides an opportunity to address this. In this thesis I argue successful exchange is contingent on acceptance of such claims, and contribute an original model for understanding this process. I explore the implicit interconnections between Saward’s (2010) theory of representative claims, and Bourdieu’s (1991) work on political capital and the political field. On this basis, I argue celebrity capital has greater explanatory power in political contexts when fused with Saward’s theory of representative claims. Three qualitative case studies provide demonstrations of this process at work. Contributing to work on how celebrities are evaluated within political and cultural hierarchies (Inthorn and Street, 2011; Marshall, 2014; Mendick et al., 2018; Ribke, 2015; Skeggs and Wood, 2011), I ask which key factors influence this process.
    [Show full text]
  • Father of the House Sarah Priddy
    BRIEFING PAPER Number 06399, 17 December 2019 By Richard Kelly Father of the House Sarah Priddy Inside: 1. Seniority of Members 2. History www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary Number 06399, 17 December 2019 2 Contents Summary 3 1. Seniority of Members 4 1.1 Determining seniority 4 Examples 4 1.2 Duties of the Father of the House 5 1.3 Baby of the House 5 2. History 6 2.1 Origin of the term 6 2.2 Early usage 6 2.3 Fathers of the House 7 2.4 Previous qualifications 7 2.5 Possible elections for Father of the House 8 Appendix: Fathers of the House, since 1901 9 3 Father of the House Summary The Father of the House is a title that is by tradition bestowed on the senior Member of the House, which is nowadays held to be the Member who has the longest unbroken service in the Commons. The Father of the House in the current (2019) Parliament is Sir Peter Bottomley, who was first elected to the House in a by-election in 1975. Under Standing Order No 1, as long as the Father of the House is not a Minister, he takes the Chair when the House elects a Speaker. He has no other formal duties. There is evidence of the title having been used in the 18th century. However, the origin of the term is not clear and it is likely that different qualifications were used in the past. The Father of the House is not necessarily the oldest Member.
    [Show full text]
  • Haessly, Katie (2010) British Conservative Women Mps
    British Conservative Women MPs and ‘Women’s Issues’ 1950-1979 Katie Haessly, BA MA Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2010 1 Abstract In the period 1950-1979, there were significant changes in legislation relating to women’s issues, specifically employment, marital and guardianship and abortion rights. This thesis explores the impact of Conservative female MPs on these changes as well as the changing roles of women within the party. In addition there is a discussion of the relationships between Conservative women and their colleagues which provides insights into the changes in gender roles which were occurring at this time. Following the introduction the next four chapters focus on the women themselves and the changes in the above mentioned women’s issues during the mid-twentieth century and the impact Conservative women MPs had on them. The changing Conservative attitudes are considered in the context of the wider changes in women’s roles in society in the period. Chapter six explores the relationship between women and men of the Conservative Parliamentary Party, as well as men’s impact on the selected women’s issues. These relationships were crucial to enhancing women’s roles within the party, as it is widely recognised that women would not have been able to attain high positions or affect the issues as they did without help from male colleagues. Finally, the female Labour MPs in the alteration of women’s issues is discussed in Chapter seven. Labour women’s relationships both with their party and with Conservative women are also examined.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011-2012, Vol. 27
    2011-2012 NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY PERSPECTIVES IN HISTORY VOLUME XXVII, 2011-2012 PERSPECTIVES IN HISTORY VOLUME Perspectives in History VOL. XXVII, 2011-2012 PHI ALPHA THETA ALPHA BETA PHI CHAPTER XXVIIPHI ALPHA THETA JOURNAL OF ALPHA BETA PHI CHAPTER OF PHI ALPHA THETA Officers Perspectives in Alpha Beta Phi Chapter History 2011-2012 James Lupo .................................President Ex-officio EDITOR Alexandra Barrett ......................President Kevin J. Leibach Caitlin Stylinski Hazelip ...........Vice President ASSISTANT EDITORS Matthew Chalfant ......................Treasurer Aaron Sprinkles Vincent Fraley ............................Historian Sheryn Labate Shane Winslow ..........................Secretary FACULTY ADVISOR Kevin Leibach .............................Journal Editor William Landon Kari Becker .................................Wellness Officer Perspectives in History is an annual scholarly publication of the Depart- ment of History and Geography at Northern Kentucky Unviersity (NKU). Opinions expressed by contributors do not necessarily reflect the views of the NKU Board of Regents, the faculty of the university, or of the student editors of the journal. Manuscripts are welcome from students and faculty in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Send all articles, essays, and reviews to: Northern Kentucky University History/Geography Department Highland Heights, KY 41099 This publication was prepared by Northern Kentucky University and printed with state funds (KRS 57.375). Northern Kentucky University is committed to building a diverse faculty and staff for employment and promotion to ensure the highest quality of workforce and to foster an environment that embraces the broad range of human diversity. The university is committed to equal employment opportunity, affirmative action, and eliminating discrimination. This commitment is consistent with an intellectual community that celebrates individual differences and diversity as well as being a matter of law.
    [Show full text]
  • 301-United Kingdom: the Conservative Party *Note: All Code Justifications Which Appear in ALL CAPS Were Part of the Original ICPP Project (Janda, 1980)
    #301-United Kingdom: The Conservative Party *Note: All code justifications which appear in ALL CAPS were part of the original ICPP project (Janda, 1980). All other code justifications were subsequently provided by those credited after said justification. Variable 9.01: Nationalization of Structure 1950-1990: 5 CONSERVATIVE PARTY WAS ORGANIZED INTO TWELVE AREA COUNCILS IN ENGLAND AND WALES AND TWO DIVISIONS IN SCOTLAND. AREA COUNCILS MET FROM TWO TO FOUR TIMES YEARLY, WHILE AREA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES FUNCTIONED IN THE INTERIM. AN AGENT OF THE CENTRAL OFFICE REPRESENTED THE INTERESTS OF THE NATIONAL PARTY, ACTING AS HONORARY SECRETARY FOR THE AREA COUNCIL. THESE REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY, WHICH HAD NO RESTRICTIONS ON THE TOPICS THEY COULD DISCUSS, EXERCISED SOMEWHAT MORE INDEPENDENCE OF ACTION THAN THEIR COUNTERPARTS IN THE LABOUR PARTY. (JANDA, 1980: 209) Norton notes that, "In terms of its internal organization, the party is hierarchical." (Norton, 1991:136) The hierarchy runs from the national organs through eleven regional offices in England, one in Wales and two in Scotland. Concerning the hierarchy and flow of authority, Kelly notes that even at the Conservative Local Government Conference and Exhibition, matters were arranged and managed at the national level. (Kelly,1989:58-9) [By Paul Sum] The Conservative Party in its 1974 Manifesto (Craig, 1975: 446), agreed the following: "In Scotland, we will: set up a Scottish Assembly; give the Secretary of State for Scotland, acting with the Scottish assembly, the power to decide how to spend Scotland's share of the U.K. budget; establish a Scottish development fund to provide substantial help with both the new problems created by oil, and with Scotland's old deprived areas; transfer the Oil Division of the Department of Energy to Scotland." [By Renata Chopra] As described in the Conservative Party publication The Right Approach (1976), Scotland feels that the Parliament and the government are out of touch with its needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Broadcast and on Demand Bulletin Issue Number 377 29/04/19
    Issue 377 of Ofcom’s Broadcast and On Demand Bulletin 29 April 2019 Issue number 377 29 April 2019 Issue 377 of Ofcom’s Broadcast and On Demand Bulletin 29 April 2019 Contents Introduction 3 Notice of Sanction City News Network (SMC) Pvt Limited 6 Broadcast Standards cases In Breach Sunday Politics BBC 1, 30 April 2017, 11:24 7 Zee Companion Zee TV, 18 January 2019, 17:30 26 Resolved Jeremy Vine Channel 5, 28 January 2019, 09:15 31 Broadcast Licence Conditions cases In Breach Provision of information Khalsa Television Limited 34 In Breach/Resolved Provision of information: Diversity in Broadcasting Various licensees 36 Broadcast Fairness and Privacy cases Not Upheld Complaint by Symphony Environmental Technologies PLC, made on its behalf by Himsworth Scott Limited BBC News, BBC 1, 19 July 2018 41 Complaint by Mr Saifur Rahman Can’t Pay? We’ll Take It Away!, Channel 5, 7 September 2016 54 Complaint Mr Sujan Kumar Saha Can’t Pay? We’ll Take It Away, Channel 5, 7 September 2016 65 Tables of cases Investigations Not in Breach 77 Issue 377 of Ofcom’s Broadcast and On Demand Bulletin 29 April 2019 Complaints assessed, not investigated 78 Complaints outside of remit 89 BBC First 91 Investigations List 94 Issue 377 of Ofcom’s Broadcast and On Demand Bulletin 29 April 2019 Introduction Under the Communications Act 2003 (“the Act”), Ofcom has a duty to set standards for broadcast content to secure the standards objectives1. Ofcom also has a duty to ensure that On Demand Programme Services (“ODPS”) comply with certain standards requirements set out in the Act2.
    [Show full text]
  • Mrs. Thatcher's Return to Victorian Values
    proceedings of the British Academy, 78, 9-29 Mrs. Thatcher’s Return to Victorian Values RAPHAEL SAMUEL University of Oxford I ‘VICTORIAN’was still being used as a routine term of opprobrium when, in the run-up to the 1983 election, Mrs. Thatcher annexed ‘Victorian values’ to her Party’s platform and turned them into a talisman for lost stabilities. It is still commonly used today as a byword for the repressive just as (a strange neologism of the 1940s) ‘Dickensian’ is used as a short-hand expression to describe conditions of squalor and want. In Mrs. Thatcher’s lexicon, ‘Victorian’ seems to have been an interchangeable term for the traditional and the old-fashioned, though when the occasion demanded she was not averse to using it in a perjorative sense. Marxism, she liked to say, was a Victorian, (or mid-Victorian) ideo1ogy;l and she criticised ninetenth-century paternalism as propounded by Disraeli as anachronistic.2 Read 12 December 1990. 0 The British Academy 1992. Thanks are due to Jonathan Clark and Christopher Smout for a critical reading of the first draft of this piece; to Fran Bennett of Child Poverty Action for advice on the ‘Scroungermania’ scare of 1975-6; and to the historians taking part in the ‘History Workshop’ symposium on ‘Victorian Values’ in 1983: Gareth Stedman Jones; Michael Ignatieff; Leonore Davidoff and Catherine Hall. Margaret Thatcher, Address to the Bow Group, 6 May 1978, reprinted in Bow Group, The Right Angle, London, 1979. ‘The Healthy State’, address to a Social Services Conference at Liverpool, 3 December 1976, in Margaret Thatcher, Let Our Children Grow Tall, London, 1977, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 46100 I I
    INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthur Bryant
    UNFINISHED VICTORY by ARTHUR BRYANT LONDON MACMILLAN £sf CO. LTD 1940 IN MEMORY OF HENRY TENNANT KILLED IN FRANCE 1917 “ History is philosophy learned from examples.” Thucydides “ When we had achieved and the new world dawned, the old men came out and took from us our victory and remade in the likeness of the former world they knew. We stammered that we had worked for a new heaven and a new earth, and they thanked us kindly and made their peace. When we are their age no doubt we shall serve our children so.” T. E. Lawrence CONTENTS PAGE Introduction : Historian’s Testament . ix CHAPTER i Famine over Europe i CHAPTER 2 The Pound of Flesh . .28 CHAPTER 3 In Time of the Breaking of Nations . 101 CHAPTER 4 The Dreamer of Munich . .170 CHAPTER 5 Rise of the Men of Iron .... 227 Index 2 ^5 • Vll INTRODUCTION HISTORIAN’S TESTAMENT THIS book, which is based upon a larger work now it » laid aside, was written before the war. I wrote as an historian’s attempt to retell the story of those events — forgotten in the press and clamour of con- temporary news — which after 1918 set the course of mankind for a second time down the fatal and ever- steepening incline towards a second Armageddon. I did so with a full realisation that much that I had to relate ran counter to the prevailing view held both in this country and in Germany. I knew that many would blame me for reminding them of what they preferred to forget.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal 46
    ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 46 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. First published in the UK in 2009 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361 4231 Printed by Windrush Group Windrush House Avenue Two Station Lane Witney OX28 4XW 3 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air Marshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-Marshal N B Baldwin CB CBE FRAeS Vice-Chairman Group Captain J D Heron OBE Secretary Group Captain K J Dearman FRAeS Membership Secretary Dr Jack Dunham PhD CPsychol AMRAeS Treasurer J Boyes TD CA Members Air Commodore G R Pitchfork MBE BA FRAes *J S Cox Esq BA MA *Dr M A Fopp MA FMA FIMgt *Group Captain A J Byford MA MA RAF *Wing Commander P K Kendall BSc ARCS MA RAF Wing Commander C Cummings Editor & Publications Wing Commander C G Jefford MBE BA Manager *Ex Officio 4 CONTENTS OPENING ADDRESS – Air Chf Mshl Sir David Cousins 7 THE NORTHERN MEDITERRANEAN 1943-1945 by Wg 9 Cdr Andrew Brookes AIRBORNE FORCES IN THE NORTH MEDITERRANEAN 20 THEATRE OF OPERATIONS by Wg Cdr Colin Cummings DID ALLIED AIR INTERDICTION
    [Show full text]
  • Rochford District Council Minutes
    INDEX 1975 January - December r I! IIII ATEIYIgN NOTICES (i) 165 Downhall Road, Rayleigh 450 (ii) 18,36 and 46 Sutton Court Drive, Rochford 606 (iii) 1 and 4 West Cottages,High Street, Canewdon 606 (iv) 30 Sutton Court Drive, Rochford 606 (v) 1 Scotte Hall Parm Cottages, Canewdon 959 (vi) 26 Sutton Court Drive, Roohford 1116 (vii) 3 and 5 Ohuroh 5treet, Rayleigh 1116 (viii) 16 Oakwood Road, Rayleigh 1116 (ix) 2 London Road, Rawretb 1117 (4 White Heather, London Road, Rawreth 1121 Accidents involving Council vehicles S6, 1217 r1218 405 784 801 Annual Local Authority Allotments and Garden Competition 54 Provision of Allotments, Hulibridge 494 Rawreth Shot Allotment Site, Grazing rights 987 ANGLIAN WATER AUTHORITY Capital Schemes 222 Estimates and Charges 223,506 Appointment of Members 295 Technical Schemes 634 Fthnanoial Arrangements 649 Recreational Waterways, Private Bill 786 Collection of General Services Charge 915,1046 Programme of Capital and Minor Works 1170 Unsewered properties l19 Cesspool emptying 223 Antorial Bearings, Grant of Arms 303 Ashingd.on and E.Hawbrell Memorial Hall 203,989 Awarc of Certificates, Royal Society of Health Food Hygiene Course. 507 9N r'!'!1!7'!' 11 '!'•'f BRMIERFON ROKI) - Purchase of 3 acres of land for Community use purposes 664,797,806, 907,1156 BRiTISH RAIL Proposed closure of alternative entrances to Rochford and Hockley rail stations 1016,1181 Broadcasting — Commercial 1086 Budget — 1975 533 BDILDING REGUlATIONS - RThAXATION (i) Meadowside, West Avenue, Hu.llbridge 4 ii) 6 Rookery Close, Rayleigh 5 iii) Southend. Municipal Airport 113 iv) 17 Ferndale Road, Rayleigh 310 v) Ill High Road, Rayleigh 389 vi) 5 Stuart Close, Great Wakaing 471 vii) EEB, London Road, Rayleigh 471 viii) 8 Warwick Road, Rayleigh 471 ix) Southend.
    [Show full text]
  • Holders of Ministerial Office in the Conservative Governments 1979-1997
    Holders of Ministerial Office in the Conservative Governments 1979-1997 Parliamentary Information List Standard Note: SN/PC/04657 Last updated: 11 March 2008 Author: Department of Information Services All efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this data. Nevertheless the complexity of Ministerial appointments, changes in the machinery of government and the very large number of Ministerial changes between 1979 and 1997 mean that there may be some omissions from this list. Where an individual was a Minister at the time of the May 1997 general election the end of his/her term of office has been given as 2 May. Finally, where possible the exact dates of service have been given although when this information was unavailable only the month is given. The Parliamentary Information List series covers various topics relating to Parliament; they include Bills, Committees, Constitution, Debates, Divisions, The House of Commons, Parliament and procedure. Also available: Research papers – impartial briefings on major bills and other topics of public and parliamentary concern, available as printed documents and on the Intranet and Internet. Standard notes – a selection of less formal briefings, often produced in response to frequently asked questions, are accessible via the Internet. Guides to Parliament – The House of Commons Information Office answers enquiries on the work, history and membership of the House of Commons. It also produces a range of publications about the House which are available for free in hard copy on request Education web site – a web site for children and schools with information and activities about Parliament. Any comments or corrections to the lists would be gratefully received and should be sent to: Parliamentary Information Lists Editor, Parliament & Constitution Centre, House of Commons, London SW1A OAA.
    [Show full text]