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Lesson 5 Work, Energy and Power in Automobile Racing Background Information Sheet for Students 5A (Page 1 of 3) Work, Energy and Power in Automobile Racing

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Lesson 5 Work, Energy and Power in Automobile Racing Background Information Sheet for Students 5A (Page 1 of 3) Work, Energy and Power in Automobile Racing Lesson 5 Work, Energy and Power Sheets and digitized artifacts’ images and descriptions in Automobile Racing – Background Information Sheet for Students 5A: Work, Energy and Power in Automobile Racing – Student Activity Sheet 5B: Work, Energy and Power Question for Analysis – Answer Key 5B: Work, Energy and Power How is energy transformed from one type to another Duration 1-2 class periods (45-60 minutes each) in automobile racing? Key Concepts Instructional Sequence – Acceleration – Aerodynamics 1 Discuss the general concepts of energy with the class. Ask students to list the different forms of energy. – Electrical energy – Frame of reference Ask the students to explain any formulas they know – Horsepower – Joule that involve the types of energy. – Kinetic energy – Momentum 2 Explain different forms of energy. – Potential energy – Relative motion 3 Distribute copies of Background Information Sheet for – Thermal energy – Work Students #5A: Work, Energy and Power in Automobile Racing. If possible, access this online so that students can – Power – Watt view the digitized artifacts embedded and hyperlinked in the Background Information Sheet. Digitized Artifacts From the Collections of The Henry Ford 4 Use the Background Information Sheet to review, read and discuss with students the question for analysis, Lesson 5 key concepts, and information about work, energy and Work, Energy and Power in Automobile Racing power as they apply to automobile racing. – Three Men Pushing a Barber-Warnock Special Race Car 5 Encourage students to make their own observations, Off the Track at Indianapolis Motor Speedway, probably ask questions and offer other examples that illustrate 1924 ID# THF68328 these concepts in everyday life – Ford Thunderbird NASCAR Winston Cup Race Car 6 Follow the reading with a class discussion on Driven by Bill Elliott, 1987 (engine view ID# THF69265) converting energies. Assessment Materials Have the students complete Student Activity Sheet 5B: Work, Energy and Power to assess their learning – Computers with access to the Internet; digital and understanding. projector and screen (preferred) OR printed handouts of Background Information Sheet, Student Activity 60 Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Unit Plan thehenryford.org/education Lesson 5 Work, Energy and Power in Automobile Racing Background Information Sheet for Students 5A (page 1 of 3) work, energy and power in Automobile Racing Question for Analysis Kinetic energy Energy of motion; Work and Kinetic Energy kinetic energy = ½ mass * velocity2, How is energy transformed In order to move an object or KE = ½ m * v2. from one type to another in such as a race car, something or automobile racing? Momentum The combined mass and someone must apply a force through velocity of an object. Momentum = a distance, so that work is accom- plished. The energy from the work is Key Concepts mass * velocity, or p = m v. thus transformed into kinetic energy, Potential energy Energy due to posi- Acceleration The rate at which an or energy of motion. tion; stored energy, or the ability to object’s velocity changes; a = Δ v/Δ t. do work. Transforming Energy Aerodynamics The way the shape of an object affects the flow of air over, Power Rate of doing work, or work Remember that energy can- under or around it. divided by the time. not be created or destroyed. Energy can only be changed from one type Relative motion The comparison of Electrical energy Energy derived from into another. If a person does work the movement of one object with the electricity. by providing a force on a car, such movement of another object. as a push, then the energy of work Frame of reference The coordinate comes from the calories in the food system for specifying the precise Thermal energy Heat energy. the person has eaten. The food energy location of an object, or the point or Watt A measurement of power. One is transformed into work energy and frame to which motion is compared. watt is 1 joule of work per 1 second. then into kinetic energy, or energy of Horsepower A unit for measuring the motion as the person pushes the car, Work The force on an object times power of engines and motors based and the car gains kinetic energy as it the distance through which the object on the average rate at which a horse moves. The kinetic energy of the car moves as the work is converted to can do a certain amount of work; 1 hp will then be transformed into heat either potential energy or kinetic (horsepower) is equal to 746 watts of energy, or thermal energy, in the fric- energy; work = force * distance, or power. tion of the brakes or the tires against W = F d. the track. Joule The unit of measurement for energy; 1 joule = 1 kilogram * me- ter2/second2. thehenryford.org/education Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Unit Plan 61 Lesson 5 Work, Energy and Power in Automobile Racing Background Information Sheet for Students 5A (page 2 of 3) Performing Work Converting Energies One way of doing work to provide kinetic energy Cars that are actually racing go through several is by simply pushing an object such as a car. In both energy changes and are subject to many different forces. NASCAR and Indy-style races, when the cars are in the Their energy begins as chemical energy in fuel. The pit or the shop area, for safety reasons they need to be engine converts the chemical energy into thermal energy. pushed by hand since these areas are crowded both with Look at the digitized image of the race car engine of spectators and with people working on the cars. the Ford Thunderbird #9 race car [Ford Thunderbird How much work does it take to push a race car NASCAR Winston Cup Race Car Driven by Bill Elliott, through the shop area? Look at the digitized image of 1987 (engine view ID# THF69265)]. The thermal energy the pit crew pushing a race car [Three Men Pushing is converted to mechanical energy to the crankshaft and a Barber-Warnock Special Race Car Off the Track at then the mechanical energy is transferred to the wheels, Indianapolis Motor Speedway, probably 1924 which move the car, giving it kinetic energy. ID# THF68328]. If a force of 2,000 Newtons is provided Race car engineering begins with the engine. The for a distance of 20 meters, how much work is done? more efficiently energy can be converted from chemical Work = Force * distance; W = F * d = 2,000N * 20 m = to thermal to mechanical to kinetic, the faster the race 40,000 joules car can move. This work will be transferred to the kinetic energy of motion, KE = ½ m * v2. In theory, the kinetic energy Analyzing Work and Energy will be a measure of the work done. Thus, 40,000 joules As a car comes out of the pits, the driver acceler- of work = 40,000 joules of kinetic energy. ates rapidly over a short distance, with the car’s engine If the kinetic energy is known, the velocity can be providing the force. As the engine force pushes the car calculated. Assume the mass of the car is 3,400 pounds = through the distance, the race car gains kinetic energy. 1,545 kilograms. If a car comes out of the pit area and increases its speed from 60 mph to 200 mph over a distance of 150 KE = 40,000 j = 40,000 kilogram-meters2/second2 = meters, how much work will be done by the engine and what will be car’s gain in kinetic energy? The car has a ½ m * v2 = ½ * 1,545 kg * v2 weight (or mass) of 3,400 pounds, and 3,400 pounds * ½ * 1,545 kg * v2 = 40,000 kilogram-meters2/second2 1 kilogram/2.2 pounds = 1,545 kilograms. Note that in v2 = 40,000 kilogram-meters2/second2/ (½ * 1,545 kg) order to calculate kinetic energy, mass must be in kilo- grams and velocity must be in meters/second. v2 = 51.8 m2/sec2 For the car exiting the pit at 60 mph, first calculate v = 7.2 meters/second its initial kinetic energy then its final kinetic energy, and Even though in theory the work could provide as then its gain in kinetic energy. Note that 1 mile/hour = much kinetic energy as 40,000 joules, in reality much .447 meters/second, or m/sec. of the energy from pushing will be lost due to friction. The real numbers for kinetic energy and velocity will be a lot lower. 62 Physics, Technology and Engineering in Automobile Racing | Unit Plan thehenryford.org/education Lesson 5 Work, Energy and Power in Automobile Racing Background Information Sheet for Students 5A (page 3 of 3) Conversions Horsepower and Watts 60 mi/hr * .447 m/sec = 26.8 m/sec Work is defined as a force applied through a distance, or 1 mi/hr W = f d 200 mi/hr * .447 m/sec = 89.4 m/sec Power is defined as work per time or energy per time, or 1 mi/hr P = W / t KE (initial) = ½ m * v2 = ½ * 1545 kg * (26.8 m/sec)2 = Another way to think of power is how rapidly 5.55 x 105 joules work is completed. Power is measured in watts. 2 2 KE (final) = ½ m * v = ½ * 1545 kg * (89.4 m/sec) = One watt = 1 joule/second. 6.17 x 106 joules In automobiles in general, and in automobile KE (gained) = KE (f) - KE (i) = 6.17 x 106 j – 5.55 x 105 = racing, the amount of work an engine can exert is 5.62 x 106 joules measured in horsepower (hp). The concept of horse- power was developed by James Watt (1736-1819).
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