BLACK STUDENTS UNION Dr. MartinLuther King Jr. ML King Rally January 14, Noon RevellePlaza

k StevieWonder, 200,000 Rally to SupportNational King Holiday 200.000braved freezing Washington D.C. temperatureslast Januaryto march in supportof legislationto make Dr. Martinl.uther King’s birthday a nationalholiday. The campaignwas spearheadedby entertainerStevie Wonder. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO VOL. 6, NO. 2 JANUARY, 1983 Universityof California,San Diego Vol.6, No. 2 January

1 HAVE A DREAM

MLK:With the violencein Selma, whenthey spoke in broadterms of societyis essentiallyhospitable tolair By JulesBagneris Alabama,(where the sheriff had freedomand justice. But the absence playand to steadygrowth toward a directedhis fiaen in tear-gassing and When asked about Martin Luther of brutalityand unregenerate evil is middle-classUtopia embodying racial beatingthe marchers to theground; notthe presence of justice.To staya harmony.But unfortunately this is a KingJr., most people respond that he thenation saw andheard this and murderis notthe same thing as to fantasyof self-deceptionand wasa greatman with a visionfor the thereforeexploded in indignation)and ordainbrotherhood. The wordwas comfortablevanity. Overwhelmingly, future.Some respond that he was theVoting Rights Act one phaseof broken,and the freerunning Americais stillstruggling with concernedabout racial equality and developmentin the civil rights expectationsof Blacks crushed into irresolutionandcontradictions. It has equalopportunity for all Americans. revolutioncame to an end.A new thestone walls of whiteresistance. The beensincere and even ardent in Stillothers respond that he wasa phaseopened, but few observers resultwas havoc. Blacks felt cheated. welcomingsome change. But too !Communistconspirator intent upon realizedit or wereprepared for its especiallyin theNorth. while many quicklyapathy and disinterest rise to i overthrowingthecapitalist system. implications.Forthe vast majority of whitesfelt that Blacks had gained so thesurface when the next logical steps Mostof thesepeople have built-up WhiteAmericans, the periodfrom muchit was virtuallyimpudent and areto be taken.Laws are passed in a theirperceptions of the manthrough 1954to 1966--thefirst phase--had greedyto askfor more so soon. crisismood after a Birminghamor a indirectmeans, either through the Selma,but no substantialfervor massmedia or throughword of survivesthe formal signing of mouth.But howaccurate are these legislation.Therecording of the law in assessmentsof King?Probably the itselfis treated asthe reality ofthe bestway of confirmingor denyingthe reform. assertionsis through allowing Dr. MartinLuther King Jr. himself to PV: But whatabout the changes explainhis position on theissues. thatdid occur, how were they able to Dr.Martin Luther King Jr. was be carriedout? assassinatedon April 4, 1968by James Reasonfor Limited Success EarlRay. Obviously, he cannot MLK:The practicalcost of change ~hysicallyrespond to anyquestions. forthe nation up to 1966was cheap. However,by usingexcerpts from his Thelimited reforms were obtained at ast book,entitled Where Do We Go bargainrates. There were no expenses From Here:Chaos or Community?, and no taxeswere required, for Blacks we canderive a moreaccurate to sharelunch counters, libraries, Jnderstandingof the manand his parks,hotels and other facilities with standon someof themost crucial whites. ssuesconfronting America, Americans Eventhe more significant changes andthe world in theeighties. Dr. involvedin voterregistration required King’sgenius was not in the neitherlarge monetary nor applicationof Ghandismto the Black psychologicalsacrifice. Spectacular " strugglebut in transmuting andturbulent events that dramatized Ghandhismby graftingit ontothe thedemand created an erroneous onlything that could give it relevance impressionthat a heavyburden was lnd forcein theBlack community, the involved.The real costs lie ahead. Blackreligious tradition. PV:When you sayreal costs, do In theprocess, King rose to new youmean political costs? heightsof creativeleadership, PoliticalPower perceivingnot only what was "ripe for MLK:Indeed, one of the great development"but creating new fruit problemsthat Blacks confront is the forthe sum of despairto ripen. lackof power.From the old In so doing,in liftingmen’s eyes to plantationsof the South to thenewer theancient hope of a worldwhere ghettosof the North,Blacks have been menwill beat their swords into confinedto a lifeof voicelessnessand plowsharesand theirarrows into powerlessness.Stripped of theright to pruninghooks, Martin Luther King makedecisions concerning his life and Jr.became perhaps the greatest leader destiny,he hasbeen subject to the in thehistory of theBlack protest and authoritarianand sometimeswhimsical oneof thegreat spiritual leaders of beena struggleto treatthe Black man Thepaths of Negro-whiteunity that decisionsof thewhite power structure. i mankind. witha degreeof decency,not of hadbeen converging crossed at Selma, Theplantation and theghetto were Thefollowing is a mockinterview equality.White America was ready to andlike a giantX beganto diverge. createdby thosewho had powerboth withDr. Martin Luther King Jr., the demandthat Blacks should be spared Up to Selmathere had beenunity to to confinethose who had no power thelash of brutalityand coarse eliminatebarbaric conduct. Beyond it andto perpetuatetheir powerlessness. recipientof theNobel Peace Prize in I he problemof transformingthe 1964,and the authorof Why We degradation,but it hadnever been theunity had to be basedon the Can’tWait, Strength to Loveand trulycommitted to helpinghim out of fulfillmentofequality, and in the ghettois, therefore, a problem of StrideToward Freedom. poverty,exploitation or all forms of absenceof agreementthe paths began powera confrontationbetween the PV:Dr. King. thank .vou J?~r discrimination. inexorablyto moveapart. forcesof powerdemanding change participatinginthis intervieu. I’rn sure WhenBlacks looked for the second PV:Why is equalityso as,viduouslvandthe forces of powerdedicated to phase,the realization of equality, they avoided? preservingthe status quo. thatyour remarks will be ~d" The problemis thatin America tremendousbane[it to ourreaders. Dr. foundthat many of theirwhite allies MI,K:The majorityof white King.what has happened to thecivil hadquietly disappeared. Black people Americansconsider themselves poweris unequallydistributed. This rightsstruggle? Is it over.or hasa new in Americahad taken the President, sincerelycommitted to justicefor hasled Black Americans in thepast to ohasebegun? thepress and the pulpit at theirword Blacks.They believe that American seektheir goals through love and continuedtopage 2 THE PEOPLE’S VOICE & FRIENDS ! Im Editor’s Notebook By NathanielDeVaughn TV Nielsen Ratings Low for Blacks

Notevery Black actor puts all the continuedfrom page 2 peacefulends throughpeaceful means. that,like Jesus before Lazarus, they continuedfrom page I blame on "The Nielsen."Glynn How much longerbefore we heed the You can’tget a job becauseyou are are unmovedby suffering,poverty- Recession, Regression and moral suasiondevoid of power and plaintivepleas of the unnumbered poorlyeducated, and you must depend Turmanis one who doesn’t."Sure the strickenhumanity. The profitmotive WhiteAmericans to seek theirgoals ratingsare what a lotof peoplein the dead and maimedot past wars? encouragesa cutthroatcompetition I on welfareto feedyour children; but if PresidentJohn F. Kennedysaid on throughpower devoid of love and Repression you receivepublic aid in Chicago,you businesslive or die by,"says Turman, andselfish ambition that inspire men conscience.It is leadinga few one occassion,"Mankind must put an cannotown property,not even an whosecredits include a numberof to be moreI-centered that thou- extremiststoday to advocatefor end to war or war willput an end to automobile,so you are condemnedto moviesand made-for-TVfilms, centered. Blacksthat some destructive and includingthe highly-ratedThornwell. mankind."Wisdom born of experience "FindingRelief Through Prayer" consciencelesspower that they have the jobs and shopswhich are closestto shouldtell us thatwar is obsolete. Equally,communism reduces men your home. Once confinedto this "ButI alsothink Black people have to justlyabhorred in whites.It is sharesome of the blamefor what’s There may have been a time when war to a cogin thewheel of thestate. The preciselythis collusion of immoral isolatedcommunity, one no longer servedas a negativegood by communistmay object,saying that in participatesin a freeeconomy, but is happening--especiallythose Black power with powerlessmorality which people who have enough money to preventingthe spreadand growthof Marxiantheory the stateis an constitutesthe major crisis of oor subjectto price-fixingand wholesale an evilforce, but thedistinctive powe "interimreality" that will "wither robberyby many of the merchantsof buy into the movieand TV industry Changecomes to all of us, for times. by producingBlack films or by of modernweapons eliminates even away"when the classless society growthbrings change. If we meet PV: Man v peoph,both liberalamt thearea. the possibilitythat war may serveany emerges.True in theory;but it is also PV: What advicecan .you give to biddingfor some of the cable changewith a mind open to new ideas. conservativehave attacked the use o/ goodat all. truethat, while the state lasts, it is an newattitudes, we findthat we canadjust t confi’ontthe challenges of today? franchises.And believeme, cableTV AlfirmativeAction in e~h,’ationand is goingto be oneof thereal If we assumethat life is worthliving endin itself.Man is a meansto that nt,be blessedby it.If lifeis at a point Whatadvice (’an you giveto the end.He hasno inalienablerights. His emphoment.How do i’ou./~’elabout salvationsfor the Blackactor. I also and thatman hasa rightto survive, uponus, we neednot feelfrustrated studentconfronting the chalh,ngesof onlyrights are derived from. and ,4[/~’rmative,4 orion? thinkthat Black people haven’t raised thenwe mustfind an alternativeto fearful,unhappy, upset. The todav? war.In a day whenvehicles hurtle conferredby, the state.Under such a of Dr.Kint, has 0roventhat AffirmativeAction enoughhell aboutwhat is being MI,K:Absolute justice for Blacks Advice throughouter space and guided systemthe foundationof freedomruns ~herechan~e is beingthrust MI,K:In spiteof uncertaintiesand presentedto them. Can you think of dry.Restricted are man’s liberties of there isadivlnelaw of simplymeans, in the Aristotelian any othergroups that would tolerate ballisticmissiles carve highways of vicissitudeswe mustdevelop the pressand assembly,his freedomto sense,that the Blackman must have whatBlacks have tolerated for years, deaththrough the stratosphere,no lusticeand Io~eat work courageto confrontthe negativesof /oteand hisfreedom to listenand to m everyarea ol life. "hisdue." There is nothingabstract and stilltolerate, on TV andin the nationcan claimvictory in war.A so- circumstancewith the positivesof read. Ourrealization of thi aboutthis. It is as concreteas having movies?There’s no way that Jewish calledlimited war will leave little more inner determination.We must no Truthis foundneither in traditional enablesus to antici a good job,a goodeducation, a decent people,for example,would let an than a calamitouslegacy of human longerallow the outercharms of an capitalismnor in classicalcommunism. pate good and to houseand a shareof power.It is, industrytreat them the way we Blacks suffering,political turmoil and oppressivesociety to shackleour Eachrepresents a partial truth. know that there however,important to understandthat havebeen treated," JamesEarl Jones spiritualdisillusionment. A world war minds.With courageand fearlessness Capitalismfails to seethe truth in is a riehtand givinga man his due may often mean Turmanis a very aware Black man PARIS willleave only smoldering ashes as we mustset outdaringly to stabilize collectivism.Communism fails to see lUStoutcome givinghim specialtreatment, i am who believesthat "people deserve mute testimonyof a human race our egos.This alone will give us a thetruth in individualism.Capitalism for every awareof thefact that this has been a whateverthey accept without protest," whosefolly led inexorablyto ultimate failsto realizethat life is social. sntuation. troublesomeconcept fro’many liberals, confirmationof our rootsand a castmore Black actors and actresses death.If modernman continuesto and remembersthat duringthe 1960s, Communismfails to realizethat life is sinceit conflictswith their traditional validationof our worth. thanany otherperson, says flirtunhesitatingly with war he will when Blackswere in a mood of personal.The good and just society is idealof equalopportunity and equal In additionto establishinga sense of "Hollywoodis not going to commit transformhis earthlyhabitat into an rebellion,the late comedianGodfrey neitherthe thesis of capitalismnor the treatmentof peopleaccording to their somebodyness,a secondimportant economicsuicide. The top peoplethere infernosuch as eventhe mind of Cambridgelooked at a listof Blacks antithesisof communism,but a individualmerits. But this is a day stepthat Blacks must take is to work know how much money was made Dante couldnot imagine¯ who suddentlyhad been thrustinto all sociallyconscious democracy which f which demandsnew thinkingand the passionatelyfor group identity. This with Roots and Stir Crazy and Therefore1 suggestthat the kindsof TV series,documentaries, talk reconcilesthe truth of individualism re-evaluationof old concepts.A does not mean group isolationor UptownSaturday Night and a lot of philosophyand strategyof shows,etc. Cambridge couldn’t believe andcollectivism. societythat has donesomething groupexclusivity. It meansthat kind otherBlack products¯ Biacvk talent is nonviolencebecomes immediately a how many jobs had suddenlyopened PV: What is your opinionabout specialagainst Blacks for hundredsof of groupconsciousness that Blacks vital,and Hollywoodknows it." subjectfor study and for serious up. He quipped,"We burn down three povertyon an internationalscale? yearsmust now do somethingspecial need in orderto participatemore morecities and 1’!1 be presidentof Then why, Cannonis asked,werre experimentationin every field of lor him in orderto equiphim to meaningfullyat all levels of thelife of human conflict,by no means World Poverty CBSV’ shows such as Paris and The Lazarus MLK: Like a monstrousoctopus, competeon a justand equalbasis. our nation¯ Syndrome,which many Blacks praised excludingthe relations bc’tween D’UrvilleMartin, an actor who has povertystretches its choking, PV: Dr. King.there has beena lot Groupunity necessarily involves (Cannonwas castingdirector for nations.It is,after all, nation-states appearedin more than 30 TV shows prehensiletentacles into lands and o/" discussionamong academics about grouptrust and reconciliation.One of Syndrome),yanked off the air after which make war, which have produced and in numerousmovies (including villagesall o~er the world. Two-thirds the consequencesof the Reagan themost serious effects of theBlack’s The Legendqf NiggerCharh,y. Five onlya shorttime’? the weaponsthat threaten the survival of mankindand which are both budgetcuts. Some feel that the people damagedego has .beenhis frequent on the Black Hand Sit& and The "That was an error on Hollywood’s of the peopleof the worldgo to bed qf~’ctedmost will resort to riots.How lossof respectfor himself and for Bookof Numbers),isn’t satisfied with part,"Cannon says. "There’s no way genocidaland suicidal in character. hungryat night.Thev are do yob.feelabout this? other Blacks.He ends up with an the network’streatment of Blacks,but thatyou can changethe average(and We haveancient habits to dealwith, undernourished,ill-housed and View on Riots ambivalencetoward his own kind. To he levelssevere criticism at "’theway meanWhite) 1 V viewer’sdiet with vaststructures of pov.er,indescribably shabbilyclad. Man3 of them have no MLK: A riot is at bottomthe overcomethis tragic conflict, it willbe certainBlack leaders and Blackgroups onlyfour or fiveepisodes o1 a new complicatedproblems to solve.But housesor bedsto sleepin. Their only languageof theunheard. It is the necessaryfor Blacks to finda new self- have givenWhite peopleexcuses to show.After serving up 25 yearsof unlesswe abdicateour humanity bedsare the sidewalks of thecities and Reaganomics desperatesuicidal cry of one who is so image.Only by beingreconciled to keep Blackshows off the air."He Black comedies,Hollywood suddenly altogetherand succumbto fear and thedusty roads of thevillages. Most fedup withthe powerlessness of his ourselveswill we be able to buildupon explains:"i’11 never forget that White introducesa coupleof serious impotencein the presenceof the of thesepoverty-stricked children of Review caveexistence that he assertsthat he the resourceswe alreadyhave at our ’executiveat a majorstudio (he said dramaticseries. That’s a revolutionary weaponswe haveourselves created, it God havenever seen a physicianor a "Timefor ~vour Report Card" wouldrather be dead thanignored. disposal. he’ddeny it if 1 everrevealed his conceptthat needs time to get ns as possibleand as urgentto put an dentist. As longas peopleare ignoredas Too many Blacksare jealousof name) who once told me, ’We’llmake established.When they changedLou end to war and violencebetween Thereis nothingnew aboutpoverty. The inaugurationof RonaidReagan nationsas it is to put an endto the VotingRights Act of i965,which longas theyare voiceless, as longas otherBlacks’ successes and progress. anythingdealing with Blacks as long Grantfroma half-hourformat to a full What is new, however,is that we now was one of thefirst and most povertyand racial injustice. havethe resources to getrid of it.Not is up forrenewal this year. Led by theyare trampledby the ironfeet of Too many Black organizationsare as it willsell to Whites,and we don’t hourof primetime, you can believe importantnews eventsof 1981.The warringagainst each other with a thatit was givenmore than four or PV: Many people have too many yearsago, Dr. Kirtley new administrationbrought with it a OperationPUSH PresidentRev. Jesse exploitation,there is thedanger that give a damn whetherBlacks like it or they,like little children, will have their claimto absolutetruth. The pharaohs not.’I knowthe attitudethey have, fivechances at batbefore it startedto misinterpretedyour viewsconcerning Mather,a Harvardgeologist, wrote a new set of policiesdesighned to curb Jackson,thousands of marchers hada favoriteand effective strategy to getstrong ratings. They were crib Capitalism and Communism. What book entitledEnough and to Spare. the sizeof the federalgovernment and reenactedthe 1965crossing of the emotionaloutbursts which will creak butit’s also been the attitude of keep them fightingamong themselves. deaths,and now thereare no Black are yourviews? He setforth the basic theme that revivethe economy.The economic EdmundPettus bridge in Selma,Ala., outin violencein thestreets. certainBlack leaders and The divide-and-conquertechnique has dramaticshows at all." Capitalismversus Communism famineis whollyunnecessary in the recoveryplan eventually developed by whichwas the beginningof the PV: In the area of consumergoods, organizationsthat has killed a lotof beena potentweapon in the arsenalof Nevertheless,Cannon is optimistic. MLK: We must honestlyadmit that modernworld. Today. therefore, the the Reaganadministration served to historicmarch from Selmato consumeritems range .from .five to shows,starting all the way backwith twelvecents higher in the ghettostores oppression.But whenslaves unite, the "I justrefuse to believethat TV, that capitalismhas oftenleft a gulfbetween questionon the agendamust read: reaffirmthe country’sgrowing Montgomery.The march resultedin Julia.A lotof influentialBlacks Red Seas of historyopen and the Hollywood,has writtenoff Black superfluouswealth and abjectpoverty. Why shouldthere be hungerand conservatism.Included in the budget passageof the1965 act. Jacl~son later thanin the suburbanstores, both run criticizedDiahann Carroll’s role so people.You see, Hollywoodis a has createdconditions permitting privationin anyland, in anycity, at !cutswere massive cutbacks in vital leda similarrally in frontof the hv the same supermarketchains; and Egyptsof slaverycrumble. muchthat Juliafinally was takenoff numerousstores in the ghettohave Thisplea for unity is nota callfor business,and you don’tcut yourown necessitiesto be takenfrom the many any table,when man has the resources !socialprograms, such as thefood Strom ThurmondFederal Building in theair. Certain Blacks also criticized been the subjectof community uniformity.There must alwaysbe movieslike NiggerCharh, v and even economicthroat in orderto satisfy to giveluxuries to thefew, and has and the scientificknow-how to provide ’stampprogram and the Columbia,S.C. Thurmond,a protestsagainst the sale of spoih,d healthydebate, there will be inevitable Mahoganyand a lot of other products racialfeelings. Hollywood is alsoa encouragedsmallhearted men to allmankind with the basic necessities ComprehensiveEmployment and Republicansenator from South nwatsand vegetables.How is this differencesof opinion.The dilemna cyclicaltown. The movieindustry, the becomecold and conscienselessso of life?Even deserts can be irrigated TrainingAct (CETA). Carolina.is a leadingopponent of the that gavejobs to hundredsof Black e.vphdtationpossihh,? thatBlacks confront is so complex TV industrythey’re also cyclical. ThoughPresident Reagan insisted extensionof the VotingRights Act. actors.It’s O.K. to criticize,but maybe continuedtoaaa, e 4 GhettoPrice Discrimination and monumentalthat its solutionswill Whatsells today may not sell thathis policies would provide In vet anothermarch, an estimated they shouldhave been suggestinghow MI,K:This exploitation is possible of necessityinvolve a diversified tomorrow,in thecase of TV,it is its economicfreedom for all Americans, 200,0()0people gathered to improvecertain shows, or they becauseso manyof the residentsof approach.But Blackscan differand owneraser: it’s a self-eraser,and Blackleaders were not convinced. Washington.D.C., to urge thatthe shouldhave been producingtheir own the ghettohave no personalmeans of stillunite around common goals. stuffinstead of justcriticizing peoplesoon forget what the)’ saw last FormerNational Urban I,eague birthdayof the lateDr. MartinLuther transportation.It is a viciouscircle. PV: Whatis yourposition tff the everything.Eventually, the White yearor evenlast weeksometimes. PresidentVernon Jordan. who King.Jr. be madea nationalholiday. threato/nuch’ar war? peoplewho make the deals got the Theylook at something,the,,’ enjoy it. resignedhis post in 1981,called the MLK: I tremblefor our world.I do thentheir next question is, ’What time p economicprogram a "jellybean messagethat Blackpeople wouldn’t Tableof Contents so not onlyfrom due recallof the supportanything, so now we have doestoday’s game come on’?’ I’d rather budget,"and notedthat "Neverhave The People’sVoice nightmareswreaked in the wars of believethat Black involvement in the so few taken so much from so many in /Have A Dream ! almostnothing/’" Winter1983Vo1.6, No. 2 yesterday,but alsofrom dreadful Castingdirector Reuben Cannon industryis justin sortof a lullright so littletime." NAACP Executive ReaganomicsReview 2 realizationif today’spossible nuclear now;it’s a downcycle that will change DirectorBenjamin Hooks said the A Publicationof the i doesn’tagree with everything Martin UC San Diego Black Student Union The NeilsenRatings 3 destructivenessand tomorrow’seven in time,and Blacksare going to have 9resident’sprogram was "settinginto i says.but he doesagree that, for StevieWonder 100.000 Rally 4 morecalamitous prospects. Blacksthese days, Hollywood is a to thinkthe thingout and be clever motionforces that are boundto wreak Beforeit is too late,we mustnarrow enoughto come up with some graet STAFF EconomicPerspectives ratherdismal town. "The situation is havoc,suffering, pain and despairon NathanielDeVaughn Editor-in-Chief the gapingchasm betweenour productsand ytakeadvantage of every that huge bodyof the poor of which far fromgood right now," he says, JulesBagneris ManagingEditor BlackFirsts 6 proclamationsof peace and our lowly "butit’s a situtationthat is goingto opportunity.It may not alwaysbe just Blacksand otherminorities are a The Assassinationof deedswhich precipitate and perpetuate in the ’bigpicture’ on the three disproportionateshare." Ron Samuels PublicRelation~ forceBlack actors to be more CR EDITSBlack Enterprise January 1983 Dr. MartinLuther King Jr. g war. We are calledupon to look up resomceful,more independent,more networks.]here are alternativesthe Those same thoughtswere echoed from the quagmireof military cables,the subscription things, and duringa SolidarityDay March in Ebony,January 1982 BibleTeaching 9 self-reliant.It’s going to forceBlacks ThePeople’~ Voice i~ recogni/ed a~at~ official programsand defense commitments in the entertainmentindustry to othersand we’vegot to get in on the Washington.D.C.. by variouscivil Poetry10 printmedium b~ theI!(’SI) Media Board and and readthe warningson history’s exploreother options for employment, groundfloor of those.Otherwise the rightsgroups and labororganizations serves the local community,. We arc an TributeTo A Friend! I signposts. and I agree withpeople who say those same peoplewho controleverything whichioined together to protest independent c~rgani,,almn ~,orrking m One day we must come to see that now~ willalso gobble up those conlunction’~,0th lhe (~CSI) Black Student,, Black StudentsUnion Newsletter12 optionsinclude cable TV, pay TV "’Rcaganomics."More than a quarter peaceis notmerely a distantgoal that alternatives.Especially if theysee a tlnion. We encouragethe ’~l.lhnll~Monof StrictlyComdey 13 and don’tforget live theater. We won’t of a millionpeople participated in the materialarticles, letter,,, arl work, poetry, we seek, but a means by which we chanceto make a profit,and march September,198t. The CuhuralUnity Of Black Africa14 be writtenoff if we comeup with suggestionsand criticism. Pleaw mail all arriveat thatgoal. We mustpursue oroductsgood productsthat will Hollywoodcertainly is involvedin Blacksalso held rallies in supportof material to Ih¢ People’s Voice. Sludent Profile15 that!" LewSounders JeffOoldklum and Ben Vereen Organilations. U(" San Diego. B4)23, la .Iolla, 9ay for themselves."Cannon, who has 240-ROBFRT CA 92093. (619)452-2152. Calendar16 TENSPEED AND BROWN SilOE

THE PEOPI,E’S VOICE & FRIENDS 2 THE PEOPLE’S VOICE & FRIENDS 3 Stevie Wonder, Econo Perspectives Sports 200,000 Rally UnemploymentRate Exceeds 10%

StevieWonder strode to the podium SpecialThanks to the at WashingtonMonument January 15, Editorsof The People’sVoice politelynodded to thecheering crowd of morethan 200,000 and declared: Herschel "We oughtto havea way to honor Dr.Martin Luther King and reaffirm theideas he livedand died for. To honorhim througha nationaholiday Walker, wouldalso, of course,bestow a great honoron BlackAmerica by implicitly recognizinghim as a symbolof the tremendouscontributions Black people havemade to thiscountry’s historical development." Super The hand-clapping,foot stomping, enthusiasticthrong joined in as Wonder,on of theorganizers of the rallyto observewhat would have been Man Dr.King’s 52nd birthday, led them in In footballihe best defense is a revitilization.First, energy resources singingWe ShallOvercome and his strongoffense, the same can be said arequite abundant now, and are ATHENS, Ga.(UPI) Heisman own HappyBirthday, a songwritten abouteconomic policy. At a time expectedto remainin adequatesupply Trophywinner Herschel Walker to honorDr. King. A majorgoal of whenthe unemploymentrate exceeds duringthe immediatefuture. Second, boltedfrom ia crowdof gawkers"like thecelebration wasto rekindleDr. 10 percent,there is everyreason to wageincreases for the work force as a SuperMAN" and rippedopen the King’sdream of equalityfor all people reaffirma strong commitment to full wholehave declined sharply as a result doorof an overturnedcar to rescuea andto seeka nationalholiday to employment.The attainmentof full of risingunemployment. Finally, there 67-year-oldwoman trapped inside, honorthe civil rights leader, who was employment--adecent job at a decent is a widespreadconcern and witnessessaid. assassinatedin 1968. wagefor every person willing and able preoccupationwith the search for Ted Shanks,an employeeof the "I’venever seen anything like this," to work--willnot only reduce the size waysto improveproductivity and Universityof Georgia’sEnvironmenta onehigh-spirited student from of budgetdeficits and generate the reduceunit labor costs through labor- SafetyService, said Monday he was Chicagocried as she marchedwith revenuesrequired for meeting social managementcooperation. This search tryingin vainto pullopen the tensof thousandsthrough snow and in needsbut also will create the forproductivity improvement, together smasheddoor after the Sunday near-freezingtemperature in a parade conditionsnecessary for improving the withwage moderationand abundant accidentwhen Walker arrived. alonghiistoric Pennsylvania Avenue. employmentand incomeposition of energy,should minimize the upward The husky220-pound running back It seemedfor a momentas if the blacks. pressureon pricesas the economy cladin a sweatsuit,grabbed the door imagesfrozen in memoryby the A determinedattempt to achievefull improves. to freeJessie Dye, then "jogged off historic1963 March on Washington employmentis essentialto remedythe Experienceshows that economic intothe sunset," said University of had suddenlycome unstuck and were serioussetback of blackworkers growthalone is notenough to restore GeorgiaPolice Chief Asa Boynton. beginningagain: marchers singing and resultingfrom the current recession. blackworkers to the labormarket. "Whenhe pulledthe doorit chanting,picking up moreand more Between1980 and 1982the total Specialefforts are a necessary shockedme how it cameloose," poepleas theymade their way. The numberof unemployedworkers rose complementto vigorousand balanced Shankssaid. "He gota holdof goodnatured and virtually all-Black from7.4 to 10.6million (an increase economicgrowth in pursuitof greater somethingbecause he justripped that crowdof sign-and-bannercarriers had of 43 percent)while the numberof job opportunitiesfor minoritygroup thingloose. ! hadpulled on it before cometo Washingtonfrom cities across CA ND Y: AII the nice men on the unemployedblack workers rose from workers.This means the new andcouldn’t budge it. I wouldn’thave the U.S.Some march participants People’sVoice wish you a happy 1.6million to 2.2million, or 34 employmentand training policy, the "Ihad a d~esnL" beenable to do it alone." cameby busfrom cities as faraway as percent.Thus, although black workers JobTraining Partnership Act of 1982. New Year 1983. "It flooredme whenwe stoodup Californiaand Oregon. representonly 11 percentof the mustbe carefullytargetted toward andI lookedover her into his face. 1 At therally, Martin Luther King 111 civilianlabor force, they absorbed 20 disadvantagedminorities. Racismat the Polls wasso involvedwith the wreck and its broughtchills to someand cheers to percentof therecession-induced Underthe newAct, the private likeyou look up and there’sSuper March on Washington md topsoilcan be replaced.We unemployment. sectorhas been given a majorrole in otherswhen in a voicemarked by a AlthoughLos AngelesMayor Tom MAN helpingyou. nostalgiccadence of hisslain father, cannotcomplain of a lackof land,for / Theblack/white gap in the labor planningand directingemployment "Afterwe got herout ! knew thereare 25 millionsquare miles of marketis alsoreflected in trends in and trainingprograms. The major Bradleyattempted to downplaythe declared:"My daddyhad a speech issueof racein hislosing campaign for Herschelwouldn’t want to stand whenhe asked,’How Long, Lord?’ tillableland on earth,of whichwe are employmentduring the past two years. emphasiswill be on training aroundwhile the crowd gathered, so 1 usingless than seven million. We have Evenduring a recession,some workers opportunitiesrather than public sector governorof California,racism andthe answer would be, "not long.’ Rally, MARCH apparentlymet him at the,polls. toldhim my wifehad already called NowI’m asking how long Lord. will it amazingknowledge of vitamins, findjobs. Profitable firms expand, and employment.Supportive services for an ambulanceso he couldgo on if he i nutrition,the chemistry of food and othervacancies are created through programparticipants will be lessthan A randomsampling of California be beforewe geta holiday’?Not long. IJanuary 14,N oon, R evellePlaza voterssurveyed immediately after the wantedto andhe did."he said. No liecan live forever." theversatility of atoms. There is no death,retirement, and worker underprevious jobs programs, and Walkerwas takingexams deficitin humanresources, the deficit mobility,in fact,between 1980 and participantswill receive training electionfound that 3 percentof those Wonder,who announcedplans for March to La Jolla Cove polledsaid they did not want to vote and refusedto commenton the therally last fall, shared the spot-light is in humanwill. 1982,total employment rose by 2.6 allowancesonly under special incident. PV:What is the.finalmessage that million,or about2 percentdespite the circumstances. fora blackcandidate. In sheer witha hostof Blackluminaries, numbers,that translates into 100,000 includingsocial activist Dick Gregory, youwouht like to leavewith us as a recession,in contrast, black Emphasison training,however, constantreminder of,your philosophy? shouldenhance the prospectsfor whitesvoting along racial lines. D.C. MayorMarion Barry and Rev. employmentfell by 1.7million, or 15 Bradleylost by approximately JesseJackson. Simultaneously, Mrs. MLK:I hopethat the spirit of love percent.Most of thejob lossamong expandingblack participation in willbecome the orderof theday. We privatesector jobs in fast-growing 50,000votes---a slim margin. CorettaScott King, Andrew Young blackworkers was concentrated Accordingto the CBS-NewYork and 3,00persons marched to Dr. canno longerafford to worshipthe amongadults, although black youth fields,such as high-techelectronics, Godof hateor bowbefore the altar of alsoexperienced rising unemployment. communications,andbusiness services. Timespoll. Bradley received 43 King’scrypt in Atlanta,singing civil percentof thewhite vote; he needed rightsspirituals. retaliation.Theoceans of historyare For blackworkers the sharp Mostimportant, by focussingon skills madeturbulent by theever-rising tides deteriorationin the job market makes trainingand targeting on the 50 percentto win.Political analysts at To thosewho ask why Wonder,the of hate.History is clutteredwith the rapidand sustainedeconomic growth disadvantaged,thenew Act offers TheJoint Center for Political Studies VarsityBasketball recordingartist, is involvedin the wreckageof nationsand individuals a criticalrequirement forblack somepromise for breaking the cycle of in Washingtonsuggested that a drivefor a Kingholiday, the multi- whopursued this self-defeating path of structuralunemployment that has handguncontrol referendum on the KENNY HILL economcadvancement in 1983.Like ballotbrought out more conservatives talentedentertainer explained: "1 am hate.As ArnoldToynbee once said in the RedQueen of Alicein retardedthe advancementof many Guard notonly Stevie Wonder the artist, but a speech:Love is theultimate force blackworkers in thepast. in short,the to thepolls than usual. Wonderland.the blackworker must EddieWilliams, president of the ,. my purposeis to communicate thatmakes for the saving choice of life runfast just to stayin thesame place. objectiveof nationaleconomic policy 6.1 messagesthat improve the life of allof and foodagainst the dammingchoice In orderto regainthe position they duringthe monthsahead should be Center,believes that Bradley might 170lbs. us.Public holidays in theUnited of deathand evil. Therefore the first hadin 1979,black workers will need the questfor full employment, and havewon a bidfor senatorbecause Statesshould be, and normally are, hopein our inventorymust be the almosttwo million new jobs. Even if thatgoal should be pursuedwithout WhiteCalifornians would have found reservedfor celebrating great hopethat love is goingto havethe last we aresuccessful in achieving this unfoundedfears of ignitinga new it morepalatable to havea black traditionsin the nation’s history and UC,San Diego ML King March, 1981 word. goal,the black unemployment rate will inflationaryspiral. The attainment of ~enatorserving in Washingtonthan to ourhighest ideals and leaders who fullemployment, however, will not be puta blackgovernor in the Senior haveshaped our commondestiny. Dr. onlydecline from 20 percentto II Sacramentostatehouse. Bradley’s third percent. possiblewithout a concentrationon Long Beach Kinglived and died for this nation’s THE MOSS-CESS SUCCESS PROFILE waysto reduceblack unemployment¯ termas mayorof Los Angelesends in Communications idealsof justice, honor, dignity and Rapidgrowth in ournational 1985. productionis a mustif we areto Againtoday, as always,full freedom." SELFCONFIDENCE: Knowledge of, and faithin one’spersonal ability to achieve employmentand economicequality Kennytransfered from San Diego individualsuccess; Every person should boast: "1 am thegreatest in my field!" createthe new jobs necessary for reducingblack unemployment. In the areso closelyconnected that one CityCollege. He is extremelyquick GOAL ACHIEVEMENT:An organizedand pre-determinedplan developinga cannotbe achievedwithout the other. andan excellentdefensive player. He strongcommitment for turning thoughts into things; Success is a.journey,never a past,the econopmy often experienced realGNP growth of closeto 10 By BernardE. Anderson CLAIREMONT attendedLos AngelesHigh School destination. BlackEnterprise. January 1983 and MiilikenHigh School in Long OPENMIND: A constantquest for newknowledge and selfawareness, in orderto percentduring the early stages of CARWASH Beach,earning All League honors at effectivelystimulate creativity and human potential growth; knowledge is truth and recovery.Economic forecasters now bothschools. Kenny is thecousin of power. expectconsiderably less growth DallasI Cowboy Tony Hill. Because f5 NEGATIVESARE POSITIVES:Recognizing that our of failureand adversity, followingthe current recession. Slow growthin the GNPwill seriously limitedplaying time, he’s averaging 6. seedsof somethinggreater are planted; Success blooms from failure. 3030Clairemont Drive pointsper game. WINNER’SCOMPI,EX: A burningdesire to pursuethe unlimitednature of the exacerbatethe blackunemployment For YourInsurance Needs SanDiego, California 92117 humansuccess mechanism; Every man and womanis bornto succeed. problem. Phone276-5271 PAYINGTHE PRICE:Nothing is achievedin thc absenceof persistenceand In therecent past, prices often began contact Ron Samuels Congratulationgoes out to Miss to riserapidly as unemploymentfell. determination;Success comes before work only in thedictionary. 453-0359 Bubbyand Joe Staalo Jennifer(iregory for an outstanding ACTIONE FFORTS:A blendingof theabove items, to yielda masteryof the"l’m Duringthe current recession, inflation Managers preseasonperformance¯ ,Icnnifer led gonna"attitude, leadi,lg to a higherlevel of creativematurity: The "1 didit" hasdropped to lessthan 7 percent. Auto, l,ife, H,~me & Health the UCSI)Women’s Intercollegiate complex. andthere arc several reasons to be CLAIREMONT CARWASH Basketball[eam in scoring,averaging optimisticabout maintaining price I)lagram ortginalcd h~ Bob Mos~ 5 30 73 10.3point per game and 5.3 rebounds¯ Bob Moss,Physical Education stabilityduring our economic IIC, San DiegoJohn Muir College THE PEOPLE’S VOICE & FRIENDS 5 THE PEOPI,E’S VOICE & FRIENDS 4 Black Firsts Women occasstonby JamesWeidon Johnson bishopin the 20thcentury was Harold and his brotherJ. Rosamond R. Perry,who was consecratedin New Thehistory of BlackAmerica is a predominantlyWhite university in the ¯ Thefirst Black U.S. Senator was ¯ The firstBlack woman nominated Thefirst Black woman college Johnson.The anthemwas sungfor the OrleansJanuary 6, 1966. history,among other things, of a series 20thcentury was CliftonR. Wharton HiramRhodes Revels, who was forpresident of theU.S. was Rep. graduatewas MaryJane Patterson, firsttime by a chorusof 500 ¯ Thefirst Black bishop to headan of endruns and breakthroughs by Jr.,who wasnamed president of electedto theForty-first Congress to ShirleyChisholm, who received 151.95 whoreceived a degreefrom Oberlin schoolchildren. Episcopaldiocese in AMericawas individualsand groups who madethe MichiganState University on October fillthe unexpired term of Jefferson voteson thefirst ballot at the1972 Collegein 1862. JohnM. Burgess,who wasinstalled as firststeps in the whiteness, leaving 17, 1969.In 1978Wharton became Davis.Senator Revels was elected by Religion markerson theroad for others to Democraticconvention. ¯ The firstBlack woman awarded a bishopof Massachusettson Januaru chancellorof the State University of theMississippi legislature on January ¯ The firstBlack woman to win a gold Ph.D.degree was SadieM. Alexander,Thefirst Black churches were 17,1970. On September24, 1977John follow.The short list on thefollowing New York. 20, 1870,and was seatedon February medalin theOlympics was Alice who receiveda degree in economicsin T. Walkerwas installed as thesixth pages,adapted from the revised ,e Thefirst Black professor at a establishedin the Revolutionary War 25,1870. He wasthe first Black in Coachmanof AlbanyState Teachers 1921from the University of periodin SouthCarolkina, Georgia bishopof theEpiscopal diocese of editionof Beforethe Mayflower. is a predominantlyWhite university was Congress. listof theknown and generally College,who won the runninghigh Pennsylvania.Two otherBlack women andViriginia. Some authorities believe Washington,D.C. CharlesL. Reason,who was named ¯ Thefirst Black to servea fullterm jumpin the 1948games in London. receivedPh.D. degrees in thesame thefirst Black church was a Baptist ¯ Thefirst Black Methodist bishops to acceptedpathfinders who madethe professorof belles-lettres andFrench as a U.S.senator was BlancheKelso year:Eva B. Dykes,English, Radcliffe headpredominantly White districts majorbreakthroughs and extendedthe at CentralCollege, McGrawville, New Bruceof Mississippu,who entered Entertainment churchestablished between 1773 and boundariesof the Black possible. and GeorgiannaR. Simpson,German, 1775at SilverBluff, S.C., across the werePrince A. Taylorand James Yorkin 1849.In 1873Richard T. Congresson March5, 1875. theUniversity of Chicago. SavannahRiver from Augusta. Ga. Thomas.Rev. laylor was elected Jean BaotisteDuSable Greener,the first Black graduate of ¯ Thefirst Black elected to theU.S. The firstBlack drama group, the ¯ The firstBlack woman lawyer was ¯ Thefirst Black church in theNorth bishopof New Jerseyon June25, Communications Beginnings HarvardUniversity, was named Senateby popularvote was Edward AfricanCompany, produced plays at CharlotteE. Ray,who was graduated 1964.Rev. Thopmas was elected professorof metaphysicsat the W. Brooke(Republican, Mass.), who the AfricanGrove n New YorkCity in wasthe African Church of St. ]’hefirst Black Americans were the 20 from HowardUniversity Law School Thomas,which was dedicatedin bishopof Iowaon July10, 1964. 3’hefirst Black newspaper, Freedom’s University,,f South Carolina. wonthe general election on Nov.8, 1820s. on February27, 1872. She was ¯ Thefirst Black president of the Blackswho arrivedat Jamestown, 1966. ¯ The firstBroadway production with Philadelphiaon July 17, 1794. On Journal,was publishedin New York Virginia,"about the latter end of admittedto practiceon April23, 1872. August12, 1794the St.Thomas predominatlyWhite American Baptist Cityon March16, 1827. ¯ Thefirst Black in theHouse of an all-Blackcompany was JohnW. in 1910there were 777 Blackmale parishionersaffiliated with the conventionwas ThomasKilgore Jr., August"in 1619.Surviving evidence Representativeswas JosephH. Rainey Isham’s1896 production of Oriental ¯ Thefirst Black magazines were indicatesthat the first Black settlers lawyersand 2 Blackwomen lawyers. EpiscopalChurch. Richard Allen and who waselected at the annual foundedin the1830s and 1840s: of SouthCarolina, who wsa seatedon America. ¯ The firstBlack woman doctors were conventionin Bostonon May 17, werenot slaves. It appearsfrom the December12, 1870. ¯ Thefirst Black musical comedy hisfollowers organized Philadelphia’s Mirrorof Liberty,published in New RebeccaCole, who practicedin New BethelAfrican Methodist Episcopal 1969. York,August 1838; the African recordthat they were assigned the ¯ Thefirst Black congressman from produced,directed and managedby ¯ Thefirst Black president of the samestatus indentured servitude--as Yorkfrom 1872 to 1881,Susan Churchin July,1794 MethodistEpiscopal Church theNorth and the first Black Blackswas Bob Cole’sA Tripto McKinney,who graduatedfrom the NationalCouncil of Churcheswas W. mostof thefirst White immigrants. At congressmanin the modernera was Coontown,which opened in New Magazine,published in September, thetime of thefirst detailed census in New YorkMedical College in 1870, SterlingCary, who was elected on 1841,Brooklyn. OscarDePriest, who was electedto Yorkin 1898and ran forthree and RebeccaLee, who receivedan December7, 1972. 1624-1625,the 23 Blacksin Virginia-- the71st Congress from Illinois’ First seasons. ¯ Thefirst Black daily newspaper, the I I males,ten females, and two M.D.degree from the New England ¯ Thefirst Black moderator of the New OrleansTribune, was foundedin CongressionalDistrict (Chicago) ¯ The firstBroadway play by a Black FemaleMedical College, Boston, on UnitedPresbyterian Church was Dr. children--constitutedsometwo November,1928. He was swornin on writerwas the 1925 production of New Orleansby Dr. LouisC. of thetotal population of March!, 1864. Marshalll,ogan Scott, who was Roudanezin July,1864. The paper April15, 1929. GarlandAnderson’s Appearances. ¯ The firstBlack woman to receivea electedon May 17,1962. startedas a tri-weeklyand became a 1227.Among the blacks identified by BarbaraJordan ¯ Thefirst Black Democrat elected to ¯ Thefirst Black film was The namewere Angelo, Edward, Antonio, majorappointment from the U.S. The Arts dailyin October. Congresswas ArthurMitchell, who RailroadPorter, a 1912comedy governmentwas Mary McLeod ¯ Thefirst major daily newspaper in Maryand JohnPedro. defeatedDePriest on November7, directedby BillFoster, a pioneer ¯ Thefirst Black born in English Politics Bethune,who was namedDirector of Thefirst Black poet was Jupiter the20th century was the Atlanta Daily 1934. Blackfilmmaker. NegorAffairs of the NationalYouth World.The paper, founded as a America,a boy namedWilliam, was ¯ Thefirst Black movie production Hammon,a New’ York slavewho deliveredin 1623or 1624.In an early Thefirst Black public official was Administrationon June 24, 1936. wroteAn EveningThought: Salvation weeklyby W.S.Scott Jr. in 1928, WilliamA. Leidesdorf,who was companywas the LincolnMotion ¯ The firstBlack woman named to the becamea dailyin 1933. editionof J.C.Hotten’s Lists of PictureCompany, which was founded by Christwith Penetential Cries. Emigrantsto Americathe first Black namedsub-consul to the Mexican cabinetof a U.S.president was RichardAllen publishedDecember 25, 1760. * Thefirst commercially successful territoryof YerbaBuena (San in Los Angelesin 1915by two Black PatriciaR. Harris,who wasnamed generalmagazine was Negro Digest, familyis identifiedas "ANTONEY actors,Clarence Brooks and Noble ¯ Thefirst Black minister certified by ¯ Thefirst author and the first major Negro;ISABELL Negro; and Francisco)in October,1845. In Secretaryof Housingand Urban Blackpoet was Phillis Wheatley, publishedNovember 1, 1942,by John September,1847, Leidesdorf was Johnson,Black druggist James T. Developmentby PresidentJimmy a predominantlyWhite denomination H. Johnson.In November,1945, WILLIAMtheire Child Baptised." Smithand a Whitecameraman Harry was LemuelHaynes, who was licensed whosebook, Poems on I’ariou.s ¯ Thefirst settler in Chicagowas Jean electedto theSan Francisco town Carterin 1977. Subject.s.Religiou,~ andA/oral. was Johnsonfounded EBONY magazine, council,receiving the third highest Grant. to preachin theCongregational whichis thelargest Black magazine in BaptistePointe DuSable, a Black ¯ Thefirst full-length Black film was ¯ The firstBlack woman ambassador Churchin 1780.Haynes was also the publishedin 1773.This was the second traderand trapper, who built the first vote.He becamethe town treasurer in wasPatricia R. Harris,who was bookpublished by an American theworld. 1848and served on thethree-man Birthright,produced and directed in firstBlack pastor of a Whitechurch. houseon thebanks of theChicago 1918by pioneerfilmmaker Oscar namedambassador to Luxembourgon In 1785he was namedpastor of a woman. ¯ Thefirst Black-owned radio station Riverin the1770s. committeewhich established San May 19,1965. by PresidentJohnson. eThefirst Black novelist was William was WERD whichwent on the air in Francisco’sfirst school. Micheaux. ¯ The firstBlack woman in Congress Whitechurch in Torrington, ¯ -/hefirst national Black convention ¯ Thefirst feature-length Black sound Conneticut.In 1818 he wascalled to a WellsBrown, who wrote CIo;el: or, Atlantaon October3, 1949. metat Philadelphia’sBethel African ¯ Thefirst Black elected to public ThurgoodMarshall was Rep.Shirley Shisholm, who was ThePre.vident is Daughter. published in ¯ Thefirst Black-owned TV station. officein a settledcommunity was filmswere Hearts in Dixie.a 1929 electedto the91st Congress from Whitechurch in Manchester,New WSPR-TV.went on the air September MethodistEpiscopal Church on ¯ The youngestBlack congressman productionwhich has beencalled "the Brooklynon November5, 196’8. Hampshire. 1853. 29,1975. The station was organized byi September15, 1830.There were 38 JohnMercer Langston, who was was JohnR. LynchOf Mississippi, firstreal talking picture," and ¯ Thefirst Black bishop was Richard ¯ Thefirst Black playwright was electedclerk of Brownhelmtownship, ¯ The firstBlack woman general was WilliamWells Brown, whose play, The a Detroitgroup headed by Dr. delegatesfrom eith states. Richard whowas electedto theHouse in 1873 Hallelujah,a 1929 movie which starred HazelJohnson, who was appointedon Allen,who was elected at a general WilliamV. Banks. Allenwas elected president. LorainCounty, Ohio, in thespring of at theage of 26. conventionof the AfricanMethodist Escape.was published in 1858. 1855.In 1856he waselected clerk of Daniel.Haynes. SeptemberI, 1979. ¯ Thefirst Negro History Week was ¯ Thefirst Black to heada ¯ The firstmodern film produced by a ¯ Thefirst Black judge was Jane EpiscopalChurch in Philadelphioaon celebratedin the second week of thetownship of Russia,near Oberlin. April10, 1816. James Varick was In 1857he waselected to thecouncil congressionalcommittee was Blanche Blackwas HarryBelafonte’s Odds MatildaBolin, who was appointed February,1926. Dr. Carter G. K. Bruse,who was madechairman of AgainstTomorrow (1959). namedbishop of the African Woodsonorganized the celebration of theincorporated village of Oberlin. judgeof thecourt of domestic ¯ Thefirst Black diplomat and the a selectcommittee on Mississippi ¯ Thefirst film with a scriptby Black relationsof New YorkCity by Mayor MethodistEpiscopal Zion Church on "to includethe birthday of [Abraham] Riverlevees in theForty-fifth writers(Langston Hughes and July30, 1822. Lincolnand the generally acceoted firstBlack to receivea major FiorelloLaGuardia on July22, 1939. governmentappointment was Congress(1877-79). ClarenceMuse) was Way Down South ¯ The firstBlack woman named to the ¯ Thefirst Black bishop of a birthdayof [Frederick]Douglass." ¯ Thefirst Black to heada standing (1939). predominantlyWhite denomination ¯ Thefirst performance of Lift Ev’r.v EbenezerDon CarlosBassett, federalbench was ConstanceBaker committeeof Congresswas Rep. ¯ Thefirst modern film directed by a Motley,who was confirmedas U.S. was JamesA. Healy,who was Voiceand Sing, widely regarded as the principalof the Institute for Colored consecratedbishop of the Roman Youth,Philadelphia, who was named WilliamL. Dawsonof Chicago,who Blackwas GordonPark’s The districtjudge in southernNew York BlackNational Anthem, occurred on was namedchairman of the House LearningTree (! 969). on August30, 1966. Catholicdiocese in Maineon June2, -February12, 1900 at a celebrationof ministerto Haition April6, 1869,by 1875.The first Black Roman Catholic PresidentGrant. ExpendituresCommitee on January ¯ Thefirst Black honored by the AbrahamLincoln’s birthday. The song 18,1949. Rep. Adam Clayton Poweli, MotionPicture Academy~was Hattie waswritten especially for the ¯ Thefirst Black to receivea major governmentappointment was Robert Jr. was namedchairman of the McDaniel,who received an Oscarin Education C. Weaver,who was swornin as powerfulHouse Education and Labor 1940for her supporting role in Gone Most PopularAfrican- administratorof the Housing and Committeein 1961. WithThe Wind, which was criticized Home FinanceAgency on February ¯ Thefirst Black to presideover a by Blacksfor its distortion ofhistory Thefirst Black college graduate was nationalpolitical convention was John andthe Black personality. AmericanSurvey EdwardA. Jones,who receiveda B.A. I 1,1961. R. Lynch,who was electedtemporary ¯ Thefirst Black cabinet member was ¯ Thefirst Black to receivean degreefrom Amherst College on chairmanof theRepublican AcademyAward for bestactor of the August23, 1826.John B. Russwurm, RobertC. Weaverwho was named secretaryof theDepartment of conventionin June,1884. yearwas SidneyPoitier, who was cited In a recentsurvey by EbonyMagazine the following people were selected by whois generallyconsidered the first ¯ Thefirst Black keynoter of a in 1963for his performance in Lilies Blackcollege graduate, received an Housingand UrbanDevelopment by readers,who returned their questinnaires, as the most ad.mired Blacks in America. PresidentJohnson. He wassworn in nationalpolitical convention was Rep. of theField. 1.)Andrew Young, civil rights advocate A.B.degree from Bowdoin College on BarbaraJordan of Texas,who made ¯ Thefirst Black to performwith an September6, 1826. on January18, 1966. 2.)Rev. Jesse Jackson. civil rights advocate ¯ Thefirst Black to heada U.S. themain address on July12 at the AmericanOpera Companywas 3.)Barbara Jordan, professor and politician ¯ Thefirst Black to receivea Ph.D. Democraticconvention of 1976. CaterinaJarboro, who wasfeatured in 4.)Bill Cosby, comedian degreewas PatrickFrancis Healy, who embassyin Europewas CliftonR. WhartonSr., who was confirmedas ¯ Thefirst Black nominated for a ChicagoOpera Company production 5.) AlexHaley, author passedthe final examinations at presidentat a majornational of Aidain July,1933. l,ouvainin Belgiumon July26, 1865. ministerto Rumaniaon February5, 6.)Cicely Tyson, actress conventionwas Rev.Channing E. ¯ Thefirst Black with his own 7.)Coretta S. King,civil rights advocate ¯ Thefirst Black to receivea Ph.D. 1858.He waslater (March 9, 1961) Phillipsof Washington,D.C., who degreefrom an Americanuniversity namedambassador to Norway. networkTV show was Nat King Cole. 8.) MuhammadAli, WorldBoxing Champion CareerPlanning and Placement ¯ Rhe firstBlack United Nations wasa favorite-soncandidate of the The Nat KingCole Show ran for 64 9.) JudgeThurgood Marshall, Supreme Court Judge was EdwardA. Bouchet,who was Districtof Columbiaand received 67½ awardeda degreein physicsat Yale ambassadorwas AndrewYoung, who weeksin 1956-57on NBC-TV. 10.)Stevie Wonder, singer The choiceof a major can be part of your careerplanning. But on thefirst ballot (August 28, 1968). I I.)U.S. Rep. Shirley Chisholm, politician Universityin 1876. Bouchet, the was namedto the postby President ¯ Thefirst Black governor was P.B.S. yourchoice will not necessarilylock you in for life to any specific Carter.Ambassador Young was 12.)Richard Pryor, comedian type of work.A major in biology,for example,can providecertain principalof a highschool in Pinchback,who becamegovernor of 3.)Marian Anderson, singer JesseJackson Galliopolic,Ohio, died in 1918. confirmedon January26, 1977. laboratoryskills, or preprofessionaltraining for a healthfield, or lead ¯ Thefirst Black named to theU.S. Louisianaon December9, 1872on the 14.)Sidney Poitier, actor * Thefirst Black inducted into Phi impeachmentof GovernorH.C. 5.)Julian Bond, politician to jobs quiteunrelated to biology. Beta Kappawas EdwardA. Bouchet, delegationto theUnited Nations was Warmoth.Pinchback relinquished the whowas inducted at YaleUniversity ChicagoAtty. Edith S. Sampson,who 16.)Lena Horne, singer A firm commitmentto a particularfield is not expected.However, officeon January13, 1873, saying at 7.)Sugar Ray l,eonard, athlete boxing by graduation,in your own best interests,you should know where in1874. becamean alternatedelegate on theinauguration of the new governor: e Thefirst Black president of a August24, 1950.She was appointed 18.)Hank Aaron, athlete baseball you want to begin,and ha~e a directionin mind. "1 now havethe honor to formally 19.)Karecm AbduI-Jabbar, athlete basketball 3redominantlyWhite university was by PresidentTruman. surrenderthe office of governor,with There are career-planningservices to help you in this process. PatrickFrancis Healy, S.J., who was ¯ The firstBlack named a permanent 20.)l)r. Benjamin E. Mays.educator thehope that you will administer the 21.)Dick Gregory. civil rights advocate Counseling.occupational literature, employer information, and .nauguratedat Georgetown University, delegateto theUnited Nations was governmentin the interests of all the theoldest Catholic university in CharlesMahoney, a Detroitinsurance 22.)Sammy l)avis..Ir, singer data on employmenttrends are aJI available.These services, executive,who was appointedby people[and that ] youradministration 23.)Patricia R. ttarris,Secretary of ttlll) togetherwith your own experience,probably will lead you to a America,on Jt,ly 31,1874. willbe as fairtoward the class that I ¯ Thefirst Black president of a major. PresidentEisenhower and confirmed 24.)l)iana Ross, singer satisfyieginitial choice. Contact Mrs. Bobbie Gray at Ex. 3752. represent,as minehas been toward the 25.)Michael Jackson, singer by the Senateon August7, 1954. classrepresented by you." Nat KingCole

THE PEOPI.E’S VOICE & FRIENDS 6 ]HE PEOPI,E’S VOICE & FRIENDS 7 The Assassination of Dr ¯Martin Luther King Jr. Bible Teachings JamesEarl Ray has’been campatgnstop and gotinto my carto pickedup in April5, 1968. descriptionof "Raoul.’" If, as he said To understandthis finding, it is headfor the next appearance, ! heard "’Raoul"was his close associate, he thenation. imprisonedin BrushyMountain State FromAtlanta, James Earl Ray went necessaryto recall the climate of the Duringthe hearings, the Committee TheCommittee believed that the St. Penitentiaryforover 12 yearsfor the on the radiothat Martin Luther King to Memhpis,the Committee shouldhave been able to describehim times.During the late 60’s, fear of the Louisconspiracy provided an Jr.,had been assassinated in Memphis. consistently.But--revealingly-- he alsofound that the FBI assassinationof Martin Luther King concluded,for the express purpose of burgeoningCivil Rights movement COINTELPROactions extended explanationfor the involvement of Jr. ! rememberedthat April night as I shootingDr. King.Although Ray couldnot. On fourdifferent occasions alongwith a stronganti-King feeling Rayin the assassination. Itis satat my deskon March8, 1977. Raydecsribed "Raoul" to different beyondthe invasion of Dr.King’s Despitethe fact or perhapsbecause contendedthat he didnot knowDr. ~vithinthe FBi led the Bureau to privacy.The FBI, as revealedby unfortunatethat this information was of itthere is still doubt in theminds of thinkingabout the Speaker’s call and Kingwas in Memphis,in newspapers peopleas a "blondLatin," a "red- ,’ngagein a programto discreditthe notdeveloped in 1968when it could mandate.And 1 decidedthen--and I hairedFrench Candian," an auburn- witnesses,tried to interferewith the millionsof peoplearound the globe retrievedfrom his personal belongings, civilrights organizations and fund-raisingefforts of theSCLC as havebeen pursued by law enforcement thatwe reallyknow who or what toldmy stafflater--that no stone was Dr.King’s visit to Memphisand the haired"Latin Spanish," and a "sandy- ultimatelyDr. King.This program was agenciesequipped with tools not to be lefunturned in an hairedLatin." wellas theawarding of degreesand actuallykilled Dr. King. As a matter placehe wasstaying were noted. called COINTELPRO. otherhonors to Dr.King. availableto theCommittee and at a uncompromisingsearch for the truth. Theevidence is clearthen: James The Committeefurther questioned timewhen principals like Kauffmann of fact,the controversy reaches new Ray’sneed an aliasother than his Initiallyconceived as a programto andhigher levels every year on the In thatconnection, I told my staff EarlRay stalked Dr. King for a ensurethat none of thecivils rights In fact,the House Select Committee andSutherland were still alive. director,G. RobertBlakey, that 1 malignpurpose. establishedalias of EricS. Gait.He on Assassinationsuncovered facts that At theclose of ourinvestigation we anniversaryof the assassination. organizationswassubversive or pointto theconclusion that James Becauseof theassassination and wantedthe staff to be fullyintegrated. 2. Theevidence is alsoclear that usedthis name almost exclusively for connectedwith the CommunistParty, recommendedthat the Departmentof becauseof Dr.King’s stature as a And 1 am happyto reportthat Blacks JamesEarl Ray was in the boarding ninemonths prior to theassassination. EarlRay did not act alone. Several Justicereview our findings and decide COINTELPROeventually blossomed findingswere central to the publicleader and a publicpresence, andother minorities constituted at houseand the bathroomfrom which Butin actionsdirectly liked to the intoa full-scaledcounter-intelligence whetherfurther official investigation theU.S. House of Representatives leastone-third of the professional thefatal shot was fired. Evidence assassinationof Dr. King, Ray used Committee’sconspirascy conclusion. waswarranted in thiscase. This was attackagainst civil rights First,the Committee rejected Ray’s formedthe HouseSelect Committee staff’. uncoveredby theCommittee clearly othernames. organizations. theend of ourinvestigation, butit was on Assassinations-which I chaired- I believe,under the circumstances, showedthat the shotwas fired from claimthat he wasan unwitting"fall not.by anymeans, the end of the Thus,the Committeeconcluded that At thattime, a securityinvestigation guy"manipulated by others. to investigatethecircumstances thatour Committee and the brilliant the rearbathroom window of a Ray’sflawed story about "Raoul" and of a specificgroup was a legitimate story,which will never end until the surroundingthe assassination of Dr. staffwe hiredcame as closeto the roominghouse across the street from theuse of aliasother than his functionof theFBI. But theprogram Second,a closelook at Ray’s Dreamthe Dreamer died for is Kingand PresidentJohn F. Kennedy. truthas was humanlypossible. And the LorraineMotel, where Dr. King establishedidentification werenot the thatendangered Dr. Kingand activitiesbefore the assassination. securedfor all Americans. And as 1 Thatcommittee interviewed scores of althoughwe werehampered by the wasstaying. Ray admitted renting a actionsof an innocentman. underscoresthepossibility of a lookback on my involvementin this attemptedtodiscredit civil rights conspiracy.We found, for example, witnessesand sent investigators across factthat we startedour investigation a room at the home own~ by Bessie $. Finally,James Earl Ray fled organizationswasnever a legitimate investigation,1 have only one the countryto examineevery ~’rap of fulleight years after the shot had been Brewer.Mrs. l~rewer tlmtified that Ray lltt~pillsIhortly after Dr. King shot. thatRay was a manwith significant substantialregret: And that is thatso functionof theFBI. associationsmany of themcriminal. ionformationrelating to the Memphis fired,I believe two major findings will insistedon rentingttaml B..$ wllkh Because0r theflight and the risks Ray The SelectCommittee concluded muchtime elapsed before a full-scale tragedy.We notonly investilated the standthe test of history. waslocated at there~. tff thebt~lding Duringthe monthsprior to the investigation.My Committee toogM:nnescaped convict, the thatthe tactics used in theprogram assassination,James Earl Ray had movementsof JamesEarl Ray and Thefirst thing was that James Earl and wl~h a ~View of Committ~came to conclusionsthat andthe actions taken by theFBI in undertookan investigationof a personsassociated with him; we alto Raywas the probable killer of Dr. the ~tel. escapedfrom the Missouri State murderthat was almost nine years old. . ~ ~’ml,mt;.~.’ve been the man who killed COINTELPROwere clearlyabusive Penitentiary.Hisfinancing during this investigatedreports alld rumors that King.theevidence in supportof the i the room|il~:~use: ~ ~ t~, :~:):’ andexceeded the agency’s legal Thetrail was cold, some witnesses had the FBI or someother publk aFncy findhlgcall be summarizedunder five period,in alllikelihood, wassupplied disappearedand others were dead. :upantof~m ~!117: , .:, ~’iib~e’thing to identifythe man authority.The programalso amounted by a bankrobbery in Alton,!11., in or secretgroup was involvtal i~n the generalheadings: bathroomilt th~.i:’ WhOth’ed the gun; it is quiteanother toa violationofthe civil rights of Someevidence had disappearedor had assassination.Finally, after 2~ years l,Ju~Earl Ray stalkedDr. King ¯ tblngto ~ who and whatwere thosebeing investigated. 1967.Further, his activities in beendestroyed. Our Committeedid a ofinvestigations alldhearings, the for a ~ immediatelypreceeding hell,ridrifle iilaan who pulled the trigger. California,viewed against the commendablejob, given all of the The vigorand aggressivemanner of backgroundof his fugitive status, his Committeeconehated--on the basisof the Nmuhtation.it was the judgment .When.webegan our investigations, :he FB! COINTELPROoperation adverseconditions under which we hardand irrefuteble evidence--that of ~ CAlmmittee--whiehwas wereIllany rumors and apoliticalnature and his consistent conductedthis investigation. Many Scholarships ¯ armorbe understoodapart from the refusalto admitthe activities strongly JamesEarl Ray fired the shot that co~,incid0a~,.o~’al~,l!aclll ef, i ’ mt the FederalBureau of personalitiesof Martin Luther King peoplein highplaces never wanted killedDr. King, algl’thal Dr. King di~ ,tme~keltgrouadl’mtd i,:~i: ~; |rive wasinvolved in the suggestthe involvement of others. thisinvestigation to go forward.1 am The purposeof the Undergraduate Jr. andFBI DirectorJ. EdgarHoover, Third,the Committee’s analysis of was probablythe wleamof a pe~tha,t the gvid ,e~. e cl~., cot killDr. King. The diedin 1972. confidentthat if my Committeehad ScholarshipProgram at UC San conspirao,. sno~ R~:~t, llill .¥dng criiit/ ’ didnot find any evidence Ray’smotive for killing Dr. King is hadthe opportunity to investigate this Diegois to encourageacademic Thatconclusion, u you cansee, Dr.King was a socialcritic, and criticalto theconspiracy conclusion. onnelwere involved in DirectorHoover was a man who murderwhen it firstoccurred, we excellenceand to honoroutstanding raisesa numberd Cl’ulfialand anlkq!lfljlg:toMefiaphis. , ~- lion,but we didfind Whileunsympathetic to the Civil wouldhave solved it in itsentirety. achievement.Scholarships are awarded 16,1968, for example,’ ’ .’ resentedcriticism from any Rightsmovement which was prevalent controversialqamtii~lll, Andsince it to stronglycondemn Dr.King had beenvery vocal to enteringand continuing students on and the new facts’~edby the Dr$;~\i~asin LolAngelesfor somemembers of the in the’60s, racism was not a major ITappy New Year a competitivebasis. Consideration is in hiscriticism of the minority motivatingforce for James Earl Ray. Committeehave ~ rll~vedproper sp~iggagemem!.At that time in.Thei~ommittee said the ,’mploymentpractices of theBureau givento academicability, scholastic publicattention, itItODlll: perhaps be R~Wlpt,,livingin Los An me membersof the FBI The Committeefound that Ray from promise,and, in mostinstances, ~ ,’ndinga bartendi: itslax approach to followingup historicallywasa financiallymotivated useful,on this fO~ anniversary he operationcontributed rightscomplaints in the South. The People’sVoice financialneed. of the assassina~~i~iew the on March !climatethat led to the furthercomplicate the issue, criminal.The Committee therefore record and cleag/~ut in orde~ fficechan thattheir conduct deducedthat the promiseor NewspaperStaff Hooverws characterizedas somewhat expectationof financial gain was Ray’s to do that.it is.:~first of al~ ssination,tl ~rehensible,illegal, ofa racist. to deal with the~~--a Black~[ ~heone use unconstitutional. primarymotivation. This motive Congressman f~nd a Thiscriticism angered Hoover who, bringswith it implicationsof Divisionat the on oneoccasion, called Dr. King "the personalfriend el~. Luther King noteQf this ui conspiracy. Bible Teaching inthe mostnotorious liar in thenation." The Committeefound that there Jr.--wasnamed diil~ of the e~ance, thl~ommit decide It wasin thissetting of rancorand Committee. Ne~ ~y, this was a, thJ ~y’sdecisl leaveCalifornia operation.The Bureat wassubstantial evidence to establish with"friendly media" illwill that FBI field offices and theexistence of a St.Louis-based precedent-shatt~~ntment, for vai |anned agentsbegan an aggressive neverbefore halt~ ~lW~erved as i~ tie.After flacedarticles or contracton thelife of Dr.King. The ounuay-. Forgiveness: Jesus gave us a dynamicspritual principle information COINTELPROprogram against Dr. whenHe said,"Forgive, and you will be forgiven."If we findit difficultto chairman of a ~ ~al bi~mding tag. Kingdespite the fact that the evidenceuncovered by the Committee investigatingco~ ~ith a n~ ~onedto as~teshis plar pointedto St.Louis lawyer John forgivesome person (including ourselves) or somesituation, we canremember nationalscope. :’!~- ,’,~? ta"$east. ; ~mpleof thisoccured in connectionbetween Dr. Kingand the Sutherlandand John Kauffmann, thatJesus also said "Go, I am withyou always." We canrely on theforgiving I was from the~ ~g, keenly wspaperless than one CommunistParty had beenclearly ownerof the BuffAcres Motel in itYemphaticttily’denied ~r.King was disproven. loveof JesusChrist to sustainand stregthen us, to fillour minds and hearts, aware of the ho~ even the fil~| thechang¢~:~" add~"ess :1in Barnhardt,Mo. A witnesstestified andto flowthrough us to transformand renew everything that concerns us. responsibilities ~’.~Angeles~ ]ie.~ [’heFBI placed an As the CivilRights movement thatthe contract to killDr. King was the at paperwhich tried to increasedin prominenceand Dr.King assignment.I today, rha perceivedas a standingoffer. Monday--s.,..e,."Strength",is freedom from weakness;stability thecall i receivl~l viewedas his g. increasedin stature, the FBI activities Therewas no directevidence that Speaker of King’sPoor weresystematically stepped up. of character,power to withstandtemptation. It is theforce or powerto do. ThomasP. (Tip): before ir a more.: the Sutherlandoffer was acceptedby capacityto accomplish.Our faith in Godas thesource of ourstrength gives us noon,on Marcl fignin Washingtonand Followingthe marchon Washington Rayor hisrepresentative prior to the of theviolent sanitation in 1963,ranking FBI officials met and powerto riseabove limiting thought and beliefs that short-circuit our O’Neilspoke will assassinationof Dr. King. Despite an you takethe in Memphison March decidedto stepup surveillanceof Dr. intensiveeffort, no evidencewas found acceptanceof God’sgood. ,SelectCommil the FBI authored King. of a payoffto Rayor his n richsuggested that Dr. Between1963 and 1966,the FBI, Tuesday--,,;,aes: What in our attitudetowards life? ls it negative Withouta too: ,id, representativeeither before or afterthe "Yes,Mr. S controlthe march in throughelectronic surveillance assassination.However, the andconstructive? if we arein thehabit of thinkingpositively, we are happy do thejob." theviolence was equipment,monitored Dr. King’s Committeebelieved that the andgrateful for the bounty of Godthat is oursto enjoy.Our positive attitude do it.I’m a to whatwould telephoneconversations. Although the opportunitiesforRay or his minimizesthe negative and magnifies the good. As l hungu ~marchin Washington. specificassignment was to listento representativesto hear of this 1968,the editorial and recordconversations between Dr. mind that the particularcontract were many. This W ednesday.--co,rge..Courage is an admiral quality. We want own personal St.Louis paper Kingand allegedCommunist Party a disparagingcartoon workers,all conversations were conclusionwas based on several to be brave,poised, at easein life.We wantto respondto lifewith courage. King,whose considerations.First, Ray himself was Butsometimes very small things so challengeus thatwe needto prayfor responsibilityt¢ languagewas clearly recorded.The Committeediscovered FBl-authorededitorial. thatthese conversations andother in tbeSt. Louis area on at leasttwo courage.With God us ourhelp in everyneed, how canwe doubtor be framed? himin 1965 occassionsduring his early fugitive Godis light.God is Love. Clevelandto linein theFBI article informationwere used by the FBI to may onlybe the createtension between Dr. King, his period.Second, John Kauffmann was 1 registerBlack arrestedand convicted in 1967for the throughthe lean 1 strifein ournation’s civilrights associates and even Thursday--A,,,,... Theremay be timeswhen it seemsthat we do lineread, membersof hisfamily. manufactureand ,sale of notknow how to meetsome situation, but there is a way.With God there is recordnumber amphetamines.During his trial, a link registeredin CI, aidbe onlythe prelude Oneexample of this,cited by the alwaysa way.The fears, the doubts, the questions can be overcome.When we doodbath in thenation’s Committee,was an anonymousletter betweemhis drugoperation and the brother,Carl B MissouriState Penitentiary where do not knowwhat to do norwhere to turn,God is theanswer. When we turf firstBlack mayor of a majorAmerican andalleged transcript of a surveillance to Godin prayerand faith, we arelifted out of fearand indecision. Withthese actions and the already tapewhich was sent to Dr. Kingin JamesEarl Ray was imprisonedwas city.The night that Carl won, Dr. Atlantafor Memphis after the first Consider,for example, the following made.Third, both Kauffmann and Kingand I sattogether in a small sanitationworkers march. Ray denied tensesituation in the country, the 1964.Records of a copyof theletter Thereis a divinelaw of justiceand love at workin facts:Ray was unableto producea FBI’s CO1NTELPROoperation foundby the Committeeprove that Sutherlandwere active in the roomon thesecond floor of the thathe returnedto Atlantabefore singlewintess to establish"Raoul’s" AmericanIndependent Party. In fact, everyof life.When there is a needfor justice, we canrelease the need to God campaignheadquarters, while jubilant goingto Memphis,but two events increasedthe hostility towards Dr. theFB1 sent the letter, which existence.The Committee, more over, King.The Committeefound that the threatenedDr. King with exposure of Sutherlandwas active on boththe m prayer,believing that God’s love and power are working to bringabout throngscelebrated below. Few people compellinglyverify his presence there. interviewedseveral witnesses from localand national levels of the party. rightresults. God has power to adjustall things and to guideus in waysthat First,Ray paid his Atlanta landlord FBIshowed no concernabout the ver, derogatorypersonal information and knowthat he waspresent that night in threerooming houses where Ray realpossibility and consequencethat impliedthat suicide would be a Moreover,the tavern of Ray’sbrother, bringorder and peaceful conditions to our lives and affairs. the backgroundaway from TV fora secondweek’s rent. (The allegedlymet "Raoul." In every John--theGrapevine Tavern--was landlordtestified tothis before the theirprogram could bring to Dr. suitablecourse of action.Here is an camerasand reporters--becausehe instance,the witnesses said they King. usedas a localdistribution point for Saturday--Relax:Inorder to be free from tension, stress, and was proudof Carl’saccomplishment Committee.)Secondly. there is rememberedseeing Ray. But not a excerpt: AlPcampaign literature and laundryticket bearing his name which Althoughthe FBI COINTELPRO King,there is onlyone thing left for strain,it is helpfulto takesome time during the day to practicethe art of andbecause he was determinednot to singlewitness remembered seing Ray operationharmed Dr. King.that you to do. You knowwhat that is. paraphenalia.It was in thesecampaign relaxation.Then think of lifeand power and peace. Think of thevery spirit of takethe spotlight away from him. ws writtenon AprilI, 1968.In withanyone else. activitiesthat the Committee found testimonybefore the committeean agencydid not conspire to killhim. Youhave just 34 daysin whichto do Godfilling you, renewing you. Feel tension easing away, feel strength flowing Fivemonths later, on April4. 1968, Butthe most convinving evidence in Butthat does not mean that others it.You are done. There is butone way themost likely connection between was campaigningfor Congressin officialofthe cleaners noted, and the thisgeneral connection was Ray’s JamesEarl Ray andthe St. Louis in.See the light of JesusChrist shining. Cleveland.As ! cameout of one evidenceproves, that the laundry was werenot involved in a King outfor you. You better take it before conspiracy. inabilityto give a consistent conspiracy. yourfilthy fraudulent self is bared to THE PEOPLE’S VOICE & FRIENDS 8 THE PEOPLE’S VOICE & FRIENDS 9 Poetry Tributeto a Friend This QuietPlace Traces ¯ WendellJay Leonardwas bornon May22, 1961to Calvinand Ernestine B.v DorothyPierson Leonardin Los Angeles,CA. Wendell Elana L. Dorsey was educatedin the LosAngeles The People’s SALE SchoolSystem and was Salutatorian People’sVoice Newspaper Staff is selling ! cameto thisquiet place Tracesof the past... at MorningsideHigh School, and found You waitingfor me, God. Memoriesgone astray lnglewood,CA. He thenmatriculated Voice lifetimeluggage. Order today... I hadn’theard You call in theUniversity of California at San Visionsof the future Diegowhere he was recognizedfor i had no seemingneed at all, Seem impossibleto reachtoday severalhonors and awards. The People’sVoice would like to But! justfelt guided to be still... A fewof hisaccomplishments at givetribute to WendellLeonard¯ Aml here You are/ Dwellingsfilled with emptiness UCSD: Memberand Officerof UCSD for "Serviceto Mankind" AssociatedStudents’ Council, Member (UCSD Scholarshipfund) A worldof unresolvedfears of BlackStudents Union, Served San M.v heartis opento Yourwill. A candlemay lightthe way DiegoCity Schools as Accompanist, Love, Peace and Happiness Spea~ to me, God, But in darkness,nothing is clear Asst.Director and Accompanistof k~r I am listeningwithin myself. UCSD GospelChoir. WENDELL J/Y ! hear You in my mimt, The abilityto look Wendellwas broughtup in Sunday A kind of mo ring School,Sunshine Band and Y.P.W.W. Can truly be a wonder wherehe wasmotivated to pursuehis As in thequiet of a forest, Theability to see serviceto Godat WestAngeles LEONARD Pleasantsounds, soft and whi.~pering Is likethe flash after the thunder Churchof GodIn Christ,under the 1961-1982 To ml’heart. pastorageof thelate Elder C.E. In thisplace apart, 0 God, Church,Sr. At theearly age of six, A completelife is developedthrough action Wendellaccepted Christ as hisSavior ThankYou.for the peacel feel, Not justthe saying,but the doing duringa revivalat GreaterMt. Olive lhe sure knowingthat You are here, The loversappetite must be fulfilled, Churchof God in Christ,pastored by And real, With the emotion,not just the wooing Eld.E.W. Lashley. As a saved, And that we are one sanctifiedand HolyGhost filled young In thisquiet place. manhe inspiredother young people in Tracesof the past... theservice of theLord. Wendell sang it all comesinto view in numerouschoirs. He was the Spinningaround the present, Ministerof Musicfor manychurches. He was alsodirector and musician at Neglect My People It all comesback to you. By Langston Hughes severalschools and at theUniversity of California. ~’lanaL. Dorsev Thenight is beautiful, The Lordblessed him to writeand So the face of my people. arrangemany songs. God called Thingshave been neglected. The starsare beautiful, Wendellinto the ministry; he wasso But timeplays no favorites So the eyes of my people, elatedhe changedhis major from Pre- The sunwill rise Medto Musicin orderto enhancehis Beautiful,also, is thesun, ministry.At his last service he directed Thesun willfall Beautiful,also, are the soulsof my people. ,a ChristmasCantata. The Lord You try to get over miraculouslymoved upon him as he Butneglect stands tall. directed.At the end of theservice, Lift EveryVoice and Sing Wendellturned from the choirto the audiencepraising and magnifyingGod as if to say,"i havefought a good GREAT GIFT BUYH The Sea and I L(/’tEvery Voice anti Singwas writtenby the notedBlack poet and fight,1 havefinished my course,1 civilrights leader James Weldon Johnson. It was originali.rintended havekept the faith; henceforth, there AlsoSales Position Available is laidup forme a crownof By James D. Freeman .for use in a programgiven by a groupof Jacksonville,Florida righteousness,which the Lord, the For More Information Contact: schooh’hildrento celebrateLincoln’s birthday. Inasmuch as its words righteousjudge, shall give me at that The sea is verydeep tendto conveya senseof birthrightand heritage,it is oftenreferred day."I1 Tim.4:7-8 The People’s Voice And stretchesvery wide; to as the "Afro-AmericanAnthem. "’ He leavesto cherishhis memories: The earthand heavenskeep hismother and father, Elder and Mrs. Student Organizations Liftevery voice and sing CalvinLeonard; a sister Avis Pulsewith its pulsing tide. Rochelle;a brother, Calvin Lamont; a UC San Diego, B-023 But standingon my shore Tii earthand heavenring, sister-in-law,Angela; two nephews, 1 catchno lessin me Ring with the harmoniesof Liberty; Michaeland Christopher;a La Jolla, CA 92093 Let ourrejoicing rise radmother,Videssa Leonard; two A senseof more,yet more, 619-452-2152 Highas thelistening skies, great-aunts,five uncles, seven aunts, As of a mystery, numerousother relatives and Of deeps1 hardlyknow Letit resoundloud as the rollingsea. innumerablefriends. And yet they are my own, Singa songfull of the faiththat the darkpast has taughtus, Witha smile,Wendell’s last praise Where sometimesI can go Singa songfuill of the hopethat the presenthas broughtus, in songwas--"l’ll Fly Away." Contemporary Alone,yet not alone, Facingthe risingsun of our new day begun And touchthe boundlessrim Let us marchon tillvictory is won. Black Arts Where 1 am one with Him. Stonythe road we trod, Program Bitterthe chasteningrod, Felt in the days when hope unbordhad died; Chairman: Dr. Floyd Yet witha steadybeat, Gaffney Have not our wearyfeet Come to the placefor whichour fatherssighed? Faculty: We have come over a way that with tearshave been watered, James Cheatham Luther.lames We have come,treading our path throughthe bloodof the EdithFisher Dr. HeleneKeyssar slaughtered, Dr. DavidLewis GlennL. Jones Out from the gloomypast, CecilLytle ShirleyWilliams Tillnow we standat last WINTER: Wherethe whitegleam of our brightstar is cast. DRAMA 141 - Modern Black Drama God of our wearyyears, LITERATURE/ENGI,ISH 183- God of our silenttears, Themes in Afro-American Thou who has broughtus thus far on the way; Literature Thou who has by Thy might DRAMA 187A - i~edus intothe light, Black TheatreEnsemble Keepus foreverin the path,we pray. MUSIC 127A - I.estour feetstray from the place,Our God,where we met Thee, Music of Black Americans i.est,our heartsdrunk with the wincof the world,we forgetThee; HISTORY 159A - Shadowcdbeneath "lhy hand, Afro-AmericanHistory May wc forcvcrstand. January15, 8 pro, MUSI(" 95G [rue to our (iOl), MandevilleCenter Auditorium GospelChoir Trueto our nativeland. MIISIC 96J - .laz7Ensemble I III:) I E()l) I.E’S VOI(E & I-RII-NI)S ]HE PEOPLE’S VOICE AND FRIENDS II

m,,lll The People’s Voice Newsletter Strictly Comedy Rap Session wil Dr. PhilGood

HollisGentry In Concert Jan.15th 8 p.m. IAmerican MountainView Lounge

Fromthe President’sDesk CraigFrazier-President.Black StudentsUmon

To allBlack students: First,1 wouldlike to welcome Problems everyoneback to school.1 hopethat everyonehas a veryhappy, prosperous Solving andproductive new year. The committeethat has the most "Of courseI stillwear the pantsin my house.My Second,I am veryproud of the successand suportwould be awarded wifewouldn’t dare pull that women’s lib stuff on me." People’sVoice and its staff; especiall) fundsto hostan extravaganzafor the of thisissue in dedicationto Martin public.Another solution, in orderto LutherKing. uniteBlack students, is to havea rush. In dedicationto MartinLuther Thisis a processof recruitingpeople "Shhh!" King,the BlackStudent Union at intoorganizations. A rush would U.C.San Diegois havingMartin increasethe membershipand in turn LutherKing Day, Friday, January strengthenthe organization in many Urban League’s New 14th,1983, starting at 12:00pm at aspects.One disadvantage concerning U.C.San Diego’s Revelle Plaza. ! theofficers is thatthey won’t always President, Rudolph don’thave to stressthe importance as be ableto performtheir best Blackpeople to tryto attendthe academicallyandparticipate equally in Johnson, New Leader events.12:00 pm to I pm theRally at theB.S.U. In thiscase, the co-officer by NathanieiDe Vaughn theplaza, from 1:00 to 3:00the march willshare with the responsibility of the Let me introducethe man behind in the Community to La JollaCove, and afterwards the officer.Another disadvantage is that thescenes. Dr. Phillip Rapheal is partyback at campus.When we reachsomepeople won’t approve of theidea knownaround campus as one of the thecove, there will be entertainmentbecausethey aren’t well-disciplined, if few dedicatedfacuhy members that andtransportation back to the thisis so,perhaps the motivation and worksclosely with the Black Students By JulesBagneris campus.The B.S.U.Executive Board togethernessof the hard workers will Union.A nativeCalifornian, from the at U.C.San Diego is persuingtheir inspireothers to becomeinterested in LosAngeles area, Dr. Phil specializes Thereis a new man in townand he I ’oalfor Unity through Diversity. The participatint~. in counselingand psychological hasa visionfor the future. Mr. Marchand the ceremoniesbefore and My programis simpleand serviceshere at UCSD.In a recent RudolphJohnson, the new headof the afteris justone of the many activities reasonable.It should be acceptedin ’interviewwith Dr. RapheaL the San DiegoUrban Leaguewas thatwe areplanning for 1983. People’sVoice was pleased to hear interviewedlast week about his plans orderfor the B.S.U. to beingto forSan Diego. Rememberour goal."Unity through functionas a unionof Blackstudents. thathe waswriting the first chapters Diversity." By acceptingmy proposal,the B.S.U. of a longhistory novel, entitled Mr.Johnson sees the role of the GodBless, willgain a senseof unity, "AfricanAmericans. Living in San DiegoUrban League as one of CraigD. Frazier responsibility,andmost importantly, America." meetingthe social service needs of the President,B.S.U. culture. PV: Dr. Rapheal,what inspired you community.The UrbanLeague "needs U.C. San Diego by DelesieP. Morrison to beginthis novel? to provideservices for those people in Dr.Phil: A few monthsago 1 was needof jobs,food and training" said doingsome research on the topic Johnson. "ThirdWorld", when I cameto an Upontaking office, Mr. Johnson summary°fB.S U interestingobservation. 1 notice under wentstraight to business.On theterm "Third World" referring December2, 1982,he attendeda "Willall thisjogging help me whe~I startchasing women, Dad?" The BlackStudents Union BlackStudents Union Beach Party, specificallyto the colonized societies meetingof all UrbanLeagues in Orientationwas held Wednesday, October16. 1982.The BeachParty of Asia,Africa, and as wellto national MiamiFlorida. At thattime, he September22 at 3:30 in the Student wasa successthanks to thecombined minoritieswithin the United States-- conferedwith other Executive Center Lounge.The programwas a effortsof MichelleRainey and the Chicanos,blacks, Puerto Ricans, Directorsto gainfurther insight into successthanks to the effortsof Mrs. Harambeprogram. The locationwas AsianAmericans, and Indians. its the problemsfacing our communities. BobbieGray and Nate DeVaughn.it La JollaShores. Members enjoyed wasgood to seesuch a greatturn out. interestingto note that when referring "Theleague has renial service playingfootball, roasting to Blacks,the "b" is lowercase. I orientation,Mr. Johnsonis also BlackCommunity Get-Together. marshmallowsand singing"Oldies but September23, the UCSDstudents, stoppedand thought,why wouldthis concentratingon efforts that were of facultyand staff turned out to hear goodies." letteringbe incorrect. majorconcern to hispredecessor the dynamicBob Moss.Big Bob spoke PV:Do you thinkit wasput there~o ClearencePendleton. "Efforts are contusepeoph,? Blacks #7 particular beingmade to workalong with the aboutthe importance of expression. BlackStudents Union, 2nd (3eneral "TodayUCSD. tomorrow the world." about/bird world terms? SouthEast Development Corporation BodyMeeting. Guest Speaker Mr. Dr,Phil: No, ! thinkthat although (SEDC)in tryingto atractsmall and Eachmember was veryexcited over RicardoPitts Whiley. He introduced the presentation.New memberswere theconcept has come into general use, mediumsize industries into San Diego i hisfeelings about his play "Journey to it retainscertain ambiguities. It seems thentrain individuals forthe jobs." welcomed. Myself,"which appeared on campus BlackStudents Union Dance. thatthe concept can be usedin either saidJohnson. November24, 1982. a staticor in a dynamicor dialectical Beinga "b.ameboy"of SanDiego, September24. "A Backto School HalloweenDance. October 30, 1982 Jam."featuring D.J. Home Pea sense.In thestatic term, "Third RudyJohnson is concernedwith Black thedance was a greatsuccess. There World"is meantto stressracial youth.Through the TAYARI Jointskyand M.C.Daryl "D". The weresome very unusual costumes, like ,,_/ dancegot on theway at 9:30pro. This aspectsof (White)"First World" program,a specialized part of the the "MadMad," "Burger King," Euro-Americancapitalism and the was an exampleof thingsto comefor "PeterPan," "Punk Rockers." "Tarzan county,the Urban League is assisting Blackstudents on campus.The Dance (White)"Second World" of the Soviet in helpingto placeBlack children in andJane," "The Chie£’ and of course Unionand EasternEuropean "It’sa wasteof timeto singthe blues here, Mr. Smith." was rockingfrom the funkyjams of "TheSuper Jig." Blackhomes. "The need is greatin the specialguest Daryl "D" and Home countries.In the use the term is often thisarea." said Johnson. The GreekShow, November 20, takento implya "ThirdWay" of PeaJointsky. 1982.SDSU in conjunctionwith the, Besidesfor the vision that he hasfor BlackStudents Union First General BSU of UCSD sponsoredthe "Greek developmentthat is neithercapitalist thefuture, Mr. Johnson has a real Body.October 4. 1982.Guest Speaker Show."For the first time last year the norsocialist. Thus labelling African commitmentto San Diegoand Black VinceMickens from 92.5 FM. Vince Americansan thirdclass people. people."There is nothingwrong with RevelleCafeteria experienced a WhichI haveproblems agreeing with. spokeabout the importance of Black culturalshock: close to 700people wantingto livethe way youwant to Voicein San Diego.Once again, this PV:H’hen can our rea(h,r~ plan to live,the problem is whenyou make cameout to watchand participate in lmrcha.wa copr? "Hesays it’s for basketball players." wasa verywell art, ,,,.led event. thistraditional event. The Disco show yoursand then forget about others." PoliticalPerspective, Black Campus was rockingfrom the funkyjams of Dr.Phil: (Smiles) Oh, about 3 or saidJohnson. Forum,October 14. 1982.Guest thespecial l)Js, Home Pea and I)arrel }’earsfrom no~A,. "In the near lulurc." With thiscommitment. Rudy speaker,Dr. Walter Porter from the PV:It’/tat wottld bca g~,d ttar td Johnsonix wellon theroad to "I)".Better known as Craigaod (h’littingAlrican .,t meri(,,:~ a~part EducationalCultural Complex. Dr. l)arrcl(Just on theiroff days). improvingthe condition of Blacksin Porterspoke about "A wholesum the"third ,orhl’7’ San Diego.Wc lookforward to the life." l)r.Phil: People ol (’ohuseems newIcadership hc promisesto bringto fitour catcgor)just fine. theSan Diego scene. THE PEOPI I"S VOICE & FRIENDS 12 ]HE PEOPLE’S VOICE & FRIENDS 13 CulturalUnity of Black Africa Profile Business ¯ ]hefirst Black male to receivea The CulturalUnity of Black Africa: thereare thesymbols for timeand PulitzerPrize was Moneta J. SleetJr. "It is generally conceded in most of EBONY Magazine who was cleff,loudness, softness, the words Thefirst Black in~entor to receive scholarly circles that mankind of the text and, finally,the cues for Universityof California,San Diego officialreco’gnition ~,as Henry Blair of honoredin 1969 for photographsof ’originated in Africa. This makes entrancesand exits. Maryland,who receiveda patentfor a Mrs. CorettaScott King and her the African man the father and the fellowshipsreceived, federal research cornharvester on October14, 1834. daughterat the funeralof Dr.Martin Now, again imagine that l,utherKing Jr. African woman the mother of fundsreceived -- ourfaculty in the ¯ The firstBlack insurance company suddenly everything disappears threemajor units of theuniversity, the was the AmericanInsurance Company: mankind." Politics off the pages except the notes 12.CllCI’idCallll)tl,~., ,’fi.cl’it)l)~, lt|slittztiotl of Philadelphia.established in 1810. African culture is as old as which new--without all the other Oceanography.and the Schoolof ¯ Thefirst Black bank, the Capital ¯ The firstBlack lieutenant governor African people and that is just components to give them Medicine,rate among the best. SavingsBank of Washington,D.C., Approximatelytwelve thousand was Oscar J Dunn,a formerslave, aboutas old as the soilof thisearth, openedon October17, 1888.The meaning, form and direction-- undergraduateand graduate students who was formallyinstalled in or, as Morns Mabley used to say becomet just so many marks SavingsBank of the Orderof True Louisianaon July13, 1868. pursuedegrees tn awtdevariety of Reformerswas charteredon March 2, about her man, "as old as dirt." suspended in space with nothing academtcprograms. The undergraduate ¯ Thefirst Black lieutenant governors 888 and opened in Richmondon in the 20th centurywere Mervyn After nearly four hundred years of to hold them together. programat San Diegoembodies the Anril3, 1889. Dymallyof Californiaand GeorgeL. oppression on these shores, our clustercollege concept; each student cultureis still here. OUr build-up The People’sVoice: andeach faculty member belong to one Brown of Colorado,who were both of thefour colleges. Revelle, Muir, Third electedon November5, 1974. of spiritual energy, accumulated Dedicatedto Inform, or Warren.This college structure ¯ Thefirst Black state legislators were since the time we first came into Enlightenand Educate. providesan environmentof socialand EdwardG. Walkerand CharlesL. being, went to war with the most academicinteraction which is not Mitchell,who were electedto the brutal form of slavery that the availableon moststate university MassachusettsHouse of campuses. Representativesfrom Boston in 1866. world had known, and won. Then, TheUniversity of California,San I am convincedthat the distinguished ¯ The firstBlack named speaker of a instead of our culture mehing into facultywe havegathered here and the Diego,established in 1960,is oneof statehouse of representativeswas the water of the melting pot and academicprograms they havedeveloped, the newercampuses of the Universityof togetherwith the splendid physical John R. Lynch of Mississippi,who disappearing, our culture, being California.In spite of ttachronological waselected in January,1872, at the the old richroot it is, simply settingof the campus,combine to age,UC SanDiego is one of themajor providea universityexperience difficult ageof 24. changed the character of the universlUesIn thecountry. By almost ¯ The firstBlack named speaker of a toequal. MadameC. J. Walker brew. any obtecttvemeaaure -- membership statehouse of representativesin the The hrst Blackwoman millionaire in theNational Academy of Artsand RIt’IIARI)(’..\TKINSt)N 20th cenmturywas WillieL. Brown of Imagine that you have a score of Sciences,the American Philosophical and one of the firstmajor Black (’hancclh. entrepreneurswas MadameC.J. California,who was electedon a grand opera opened out in front Society.Fulbrtght and Cruggenhelm Walker,who made a fortunewith a December!, 1980. of you on the floor of a large room. Lifeis a Puzzle.Finding the right pieces to eachpart of lifeis the ¯ Thefirst Black elected to a state lineof beautyproducts in thefirst Before you, on the many pages, decadesof the 20th century.She died cabinetoffice was FrancisL. Cardozo, reward. --NathanielDeVaughn are the staff lines, the bar on May 25, 1919. whowas installedas secretaryof state in Columbia,South Carolina,on July measures, thousands of notes on Smart ¯ The firstBlack on the New York StockExchange was JosephL. Searles 9, 1868.Four days later, Antoine and between the staff lines 111,who began floor training on Dubucletwas inauguratedas treasurer representing the various of thestate of Louisiana. move. February13, 1970,as a floorpartner instrumental and vocal parts; in the firmof Newburger,Loeb and ¯ Thefirst Black elected to a state Company. cabinetpost in the 20thcentury was ¯ ]"hefirst Black named to theboard Otis M. Smith,who won a statewide of directorsof the New YorkStock ’contestfor auditor in Michiganon Interesting Exchangewas JeromeFt. Hollan,who November8. 1960. Edward W. Brooke your access to was electedon March2, 1972. wonthe general election for attorney’ generalof Massachusettson The Arts November6, 1963. Inventors ¯ The firstBlack mayor is an Universityof Californiaresources The firstBlack poet was Jupiter unknownsoldier. There were several Blackinventor Andrew J. Beardwas awarded$50,000 Hammon, a New York slave who sheriffsand mayorsin the South tbythe U.S. in 1897for inventing the railroad coupler. wrote An EveningThought: Sah’ation duringthe Reconstructionperiod. One by Christwith Penetential Cries, of the firstBlack mayors was Robert Manyregular UC San Diegocourses are opento the wouldlike to try outcourses at UCSDbefore making ~ublishedDecember 25, 1760. H. Wood, who was elected mayor of generalpublic through the UCSDExtension program a commitmentto attendfull time. ¯ Thefirst author and the first major Natchez,Miss., in December,1870. called"Concurrent Registration." It’svery simple and convenient[ To take advantage Blackpoet wasPhillis Wheatley, ¯ The firstBlack mayors of major if thereis an advancedcourse in yourcurrent of theprogram, you just decide on theclass you whose book, Poems on Variou3 citiesin the 20thcentury were Carl B. HOPE FRANKLIN Subjects,Religious and Moral was Stokersof ClevelandOhio, and I~DflTIN6UI~gED I~:~SOR Of Tit[ professionalfield which you would like to take,if wantto takeand check with the Extension office to publishedin 1773.This wasthe second RichardG. Hatcherof Gary,Ind., THI~TORYDEPA.qTMENT AT THE youare contemplatinga career change, or if youare seeif thecourse is open. Then you attend the first OF CHIC~,WA$BORN IN RENTI~I/IW book publishedby an American who were electedon November7, OKLA.HH; FATHER WM A LAWYEIIAW simplyinterested in a university-levelcourse for meetingand askthe professor for permission to woman. 1967. Mayor Stokeswas inaugurated PDffMASTER.AT THE ~ OF I0 THE personalreasons, this program can giveyou access attend,if spaceis availableand you meet the on November13 and becamethe first FAMILYMOVED TO TULSA.RE prerequisites,youcan then enroll in thecourse Prizes Black mayor of a major American NH WAYTHRU FI~iK UNIV.,BY ’~ to the regularcurriculum on the UCSDcampus. The city. WAITINGON TABLE(,GRADUATIN~ programis alsoideal for individuals who have been duringthe second week of classes. The firstSpingarn Medal, presented ¯ The firstBlack mayor of a major INIq:J~. HE RECEIVED HI5M.A. : Feesfor Concurrentcourses range from $100-$155 ANOPH.O DEGREE; AT HARVAI~. acceptedto collegefor a laterdate annuallyby the NAACP for Southerncity was MaynardJackson, dependingon the numberof units. outstandingachiexement by a Black HP;TEACHING CAI~EER BEGAN and wantto completecourses in who was electedin Atlantaon October AT HOWARDUNIV. I,~ HELPED Forcomplete details on theExtension Concurrent American,was awardedon February 16,1973. PREPARETHE NAACP’$ BRIEF the meantime,or for thosewho 12,1915 to biologistErnest E. ,lust, " ~ AGAINST~CHOOL SEGREGATION RegistrationProgram, including fees, calendar, and headof the Departmentof Physiology, RECIPIES BL/~KDEP[,H[AD AT BROOKLYNIN THEUS.IN 1954. BECAME FIRST restrictions,please phone 452-3455 or clipand mail Howard[lniversity, for pioneering COLLEGEIN IgP6.HE WENTTO WCtt YOU ~ / ,/.’-~ the couponon thisannouncement. We lookforward ENGLANDIN Igb~ TO SERVEAS A researchon fertilizationand cell MarinatedBeef SaladPlatter: Make to hearingfrom division. marinadeot ~/:c. saladoil, ½ c. red VHITINGI~lT’r. PROF.,0F AHERIC~ I r~tst 0ac~tg ( :,~ IIHTORVATCAMBRIDGE UNIV. IN winevinegar, ½ tsp.salt, ¼tsp. Iq64.HE JOINED THE U 0FCHI(JV,0 pepper,3 Ibis.catsup, ~/~ tsp. FACULTY.A BRILLIANT L[CIURER Worcestershiresauce, 2 tbls.chopped HE NMAPPEAREDALL O~R THE I freshtarragon. Sprinkle tsp. marinade W011LD.AN AUTHOROF 7’B00K¢.A overeach slice of I lb.med. rare beef. MEHBEROFTHeeol.~K,~r 80A~D Roll slices,arrange seams down on THAT$EI.[~i ~RE FULBRIGHT platter.In bowl,toss tomato wedges, ~HOLAR~.ONE OF THEMOST NOTABI..[AdJTHGRITIEt ONTHE cucumberslices and mushroomslices BLACKMANE; PMT IN AMERICA. with ½ c. marinade.Drain, arrange on platteraround beef. Sprinkle 2 tbls. marinadeover beef, cover and chill3 hrs.Before serving, sprinkle 2 tbls. marinadeover beef. Commemorate Martin Ralph J. Bunche Yogurt-MarinatedChicken: Combine I c. plainyogurt, 3 clovescrushed The firstBlack a~arded the Nobel garlic.I tsp.ginger. I finely,chopped Luther King Day PeacePrize was Ralph,l. Bunche,who med.onion, ¼ c. lemonjuice, I tbls. was honoredon Scptemhcr22, 1950. groundcoriander, Itsp. turmeric, salt, forhis successful mediation of the freshlygnound pepper and ¼ c. JANUARY 14, 1983 12 NOON Palestineconflict. vegetableoil. Cut deep slits in the ¯ The youngestperson awarded the piecesof a quarteredand sksinned3 Assembleat RevellePlaza, then march to NobelPeace Prize was MartinI uther lb. roastingchicken and thoroughly La JollaCove Park King Jr,, who ~:,~ honoredon rub in marinade.Place chicked in l)eccmbcr10, 1~,4. in his35th year. marinade:chill 24 hrs.,turning Speakers and Entertainment ¯ lhefirst Black to receivea Pulitzer occasionalh.Transfer chickcd to Marchand Rallyfrom 12-5:00 pm Prrize was GwendolynBrooks, who greasedrack in bakingdish. Baste for information contact: 452-4450 was citedon May I, 1950,tor her chickenv, ithmarinade and roast in bookof poetr2~.Annie Allen. preheated375 ° F oven for 1½ hrs. IHE PEOPI,E’S VOICE & FRIENDS 14 THE PEOPI,E’S VOICE & FRIENDS 15 Calendar 15Dr’ Martin Luther King National January 4"Malcolm X," "BlackPanther," Holiday.Gospel choir MLK Concert. "For PersonalReasons" & 13ThirdWorld Student MandevilleCenter Auditorium, 8 pm, "Blood Ago Run." OrganizationalComplex Mural Free.For information contact 452-2152. TLH 107, 7:00 p.m. Free. UnveilingCeremony. Student 3:00 pm to 5:00 pm, Recreation Room, UCSD. 269 p.m. until.Dancein Revelle Information:452-6708. Cafe,SDSU, Mesa CoI. City (’ol. & USI) have been invitedto 1.412noon. Martin l.uthcr attend.Sponsored by the People’s King Rally.Rally to supportNational King Voice.Box Office.Information: Holiday.March to La JollaCove. 452-2152. Bandsand refreshments.Vans will leavel,a JollaCove at 5:00pm. 27ThePeople’s Voice Articles Everybody’swelcome. Sponsored by Due.Mail all articles,leters & the People’sVoice. poems to THE PEOPLE’S VOICE StudentOrganizations, U.C. San Diego,LaJolla, CA 92093’

Dr.Martin Luther King Jr. 1929-1968 17B.s.u.IJ~:,eral Body Meeting, 7:00 p.m. APM 2113 24 B.S.U. General Body Meeting, 7:00 p.m. APM 2113 February

1 5 Fargo’s BAR-B-Q. Gym Marchon UCSD.Jan. 14, Noon, Steps.Sponsored by the People’s RevellePlaza, march to La Jolla Voice. This issue of The People’sVoice is the last one which will be mailedfree of chargeto friends.To receive The People’sVoice in the future,friends must donate $25 or more to the publication. For more information,phone (619) 452-2152.

NON-PROFIT ORG. U.S. Postage PA ID La Jolla, CA Student Organizations PERMIT NO. 256 Universityof California,San Diego La Jolla,California 92093

THE PEOPLE’S VOICE & FRIENDS 16