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Page 1 of 14 AHIMSA TIMES
AHIMSA TIMES - JANUARY 2009 ISSUE - www.jainsamaj.org Page 1 of 14 Vol. No. 103 Print "Ahimsa Times " January, 2009 www.jainsamaj.org Board of Trustees Circulation + 80000 Copies( Jains Only ) Email: Ahimsa Foundation [email protected] New Matrimonial New Members Business Directory NEW YEAR'S MESSAGE FROM ACHARYA MAHAPRAGYA We Welcome New Year, People visit their places of worship, pray for blessings and desire for success. Next day one forgets it all. The year hands over its legacy, knowledge to the subsequent year. Few of the experiences and knowledge learnt are enormous while others may not be. It is definitely a matter of satisfaction that the general awareness of environmental issues has increased. At the same time, we cannot ignore the fact that lot more is to be done to protect our eco system from pollution. It is heartening to see people becoming more vigilant against increased menace of violence and terror. Huge time is being spent on deliberation in resolving these issues, which requires fast and prompt action. On the auspicious occasion of the New Year, I am happy to share with you that we are transforming "Ahimsa Yatra" (Journey of Non - violence) program into "Ahimsa Samavaay" (Joint efforts for Non - violence), which is based on seven cardinal principles - a) Development of balanced personality through Ahimsa. b) Solving the family dilemma through Ahimsa. c) Solving the caste and communal problems through Ahimsa. d) To undertake efforts for making the concept of "Economics of Ahimsa" more wide spread & extensive. e) Extension of Ahimsa in the international world through "Ahimsa Universal". -
Warhammer Vermintide 2 Beta
Warhammer vermintide 2 beta Continue Trying to figure out the best 10 books Malayalam has ever had, through Goodreads. The book's overall score is based on several factors, including the number of people who voted for it, and how highly these voters rated the book. You must have account goodreads to vote. To vote on the existing books from the list, next to each book there is a link to vote for this book clicking it will add this book to their votes. To vote for a book not on the list or books that you couldn't find on the list, you can click on the tab to add books to that list and then choose from your books, or just search. Shown 1-50 of 68 Gaumukh Yatra Unknown Count : 2279 File size : 1.11 MB India Charithravalokam Panikkar Read Count : 1586 File size : 53.98 MB Simhabhoomi Pottekkatt Read Count : 1586 File size : 20.04 MB Uma Vivaham Unknown Count : 880 File size : 8.39 MB Sringara Tilakam Kalidasaki Prani Kalidhasan Read Count : 504 File size : 3.3 MB Vemana Kumaar Rabindra Read Count : 997 File size : 2.43 MB Mangalodhayam Book-8 Ramawarma Apam Tabburan Read Count : 858 File size : 69.7 MB Katya Panjab Unknown Count : 1154 File size : 4.02 MB Copyright © 2020, Matrubharti Technologies Pvt. LLC All rights reserved. 580,893 581K Sreyas Spiritual E-Books PDF - - Collection of Spiritual E-Books (PDF File) in Malayalam, Digitized by the Sreyas Foundation, on www.sreyas.in favoritefavoritefavoritefavoritefavorite (1 reviews) Topics: Sreyas, Malayalam, Spiritual Pt.1. -
List of Kathakali Videos (Complimentary Copies Available Only for Members of Drisyavedi)
List of Kathakali Videos (Complimentary copies available only for members of Drisyavedi) Sl.No. DVD No. Story/Artistes Total DVDs 001 009 Padakatchery 24-07-06 2 Kala. Sankaran Embranthiri/Meledam Narayanan Namputhiri Krishnadas/Ratnakaran 002 010 Ravanavijayam 01-08-06 1 Madavoor Vasudevan Nair/Kala. Rajasekharan/ Kal. Ravikumar/Thiruvalla Gopikuttan/Kal. Krishnankutty/ Kuroor Vasudevan Namputhiri/Kalanilayam Manoj 003 020 Nizhalkutth 11-09-06 2 Inchakattu Ramachandran Pillai/Attingal Peethambaran Margi: Balasubramanyam/Suresh/Murali/Chavara Parukutty/ Kala. Shanmukhan/Madhu Varanasi/Kala. Krishnankutty/ FACT Damu/Kalabharathi Unnikrishnan/Margi Ravindran 004 021 Thoranayuddham 16-10-06 2 Naripatta Narayanan Namputhiri/Kottarakkara Ganga/ Peesapally Rajeevan/Margi Harivalsan/Kala. Subramanyam/ Kalanilayam Nandakumar/Kala. Nandakumar/Kala. Sreekanth/ Kala. Venukuttan/Margi Baby 005 029 Keechakavadham (Whole story) 24/25-12-06 4 Kala. Krishnakumar/Margi. Vijayakumar/Sadanam Bhasi/ Kala. Kesavan Namputhiri/Kala. Shanmukhan/Kala. Prasanth/ Natyasala Suresh/Kottackal Ravikumar/Margi Suresh/Haripriya Namputhiri/Margi Murali/Kala. Krishnankutty/Kalanilayam Nanadakumar/Kalanilayam Rajeevan/Kala. Narayanan Varanasi/ Kalabharathi Unnikrishnan/Kala. Sreekanth/Margi Baby 006 030 Utharaswayamvaram 26/28/29-12-06 6 Kala. Balasubramanyam/Nelliyodu Vasudevan Namputhiri/ Inchakkat Ramachandran Pillai/Kottackal Chandrasekharan/ Kala. Anilkumar/Kala. Kalyanakrishnan/Kala. Vijayakumar/ Kala. Ratheesan/Kala. Mukundan/Attingal Peethambaran/Vishnu Nelliyodu/FACT -
July 2016 Final Pages for Web Edition.Pmd
Regd. With Registrar of Newspaper for India No. MAHBIL/2013/50453 ISSN 2454--7697 `¡É¥ÉÖu Y´É{É' NÉÖWùÉlÉÒ-+ÅOÉàY ´ÉºÉÇ : 4 (HÖ±É ´ÉºÉÇ 64) +ÅH : 4 WÖ±ÉÉ> 2016 Ê´ÉJ©É »ÉÅ´ÉlÉ 2072 ´ÉÒù »ÉÅ´ÉlÉ 2542 +ºÉÉh »ÉÖq ÊlÉÊoÉ 12 • • • ¸ÉÒ ©ÉÖÅ¥É> Wä{É «ÉÖ´ÉH »ÉÅPÉ ~ÉÊmÉHÉ • • • (¡ÉÉùÅ§É »É{É 1929oÉÒ) • • ´ÉÉʺÉÇH ±É´ÉÉW©É °É.200/- • • • • UÚ÷H {ÉH±É °É. 20/- • • ©ÉÉ{Éq lÉÅmÉÒ : eÉè. »ÉàW±É ¶Éɾ XlÉ»ÉÅ´ÉÉq XlÉ©ÉÅoÉ{É »ÉÉoÉà HÉà> ¥ÉÉ¥ÉlÉ{ÉÖÅ »ÉÉäoÉÒ ´ÉyÉÖ ©É¾n´É ¾Éà«É lÉÉà lÉà Uà +Él©É»É{©ÉÉ{É{ÉÒ ùKÉÉ HùÉà +{Éà ¥ÉÒX{ÉÉ +Él©É»É{©ÉÉ{É ~Éù HqÒ XlÉ»ÉÅ´ÉÉq. XlÉ »ÉÉoÉà{ÉÉà »ÉÅ´ÉÉq. +à ©É{ÉÖº«É{ÉÉà ¸Éàºc »ÉÅ´ÉÉq NÉiÉÒ +ÊlÉJ©ÉiÉ {É HùÉà. ~Éù©É ¶ÉÉÅlÉ ¥É{ÉÉà; ~ÉùÅlÉÖ V«ÉÉÅ W°ù ¾Éà«É l«ÉÉÅ ¶ÉHÉ«É. NÉ«ÉÉ +ÅH©ÉÉÅ XlÉ©ÉÅoÉ{É{ÉÒ ´ÉÉlÉ HùÒ +{Éà +ÉWà £ùÒ +à lÉ©ÉÉùÉ ¾ä«ÉÉ{Éà HdiÉ ¥É{ÉÉ´ÉÒ qÉà.' Êq¶ÉÉ©ÉÉÅ oÉÉàeÒ ´ÉÉlÉ Hù´ÉÒ Uà HÉùiÉ +É ©ÉÅoÉ{É »ÉÅ´ÉÉq lÉù£ qÉàùÒ NÉ«ÉÖÅ Hà÷±ÉÒ ©ÉÉà÷Ò ´ÉÉlÉ Uà! »É¾ÖoÉÒ ~ɾà±ÉÉÅ +É~ÉiÉà +É~ÉiÉÒ XlÉ{Éà W Uà. XlÉ »ÉÉoÉà{ÉÉà »ÉÅ´ÉÉq HqÒ ~ÉÚùÉà oÉlÉÉà W {ÉoÉÒ +{Éà lÉà {É oÉÉ«É l«ÉÉÅ Hà{r»oÉ HùÒ +Él©ÉÊ´ÉHÉ»É Hù´ÉÉ{ÉÉà Uà. ©ÉÉà÷à §ÉÉNÉà +É~ÉiÉà +{«É{Éà »ÉÖyÉÒ +É~ÉiÉÒ SÉàlÉ{ÉÉ Y´ÉÅlÉ Uà +{Éà ©ÉÉ~É´ÉÉ©ÉÉÅ ´«É»lÉ ¾Éà>+à Uà. -
Fy2015164thinterimdividend.Pdf
FOLIO_DEMAT ID NAME DIVIDEND WARRANT MICR ADDRESS 1 ADDRESS 2 ADDRESS 3 ADDRESS 4 CITY PINCOD JH1 JH2 AMOUNT NO 001221 DWARKA NATH ACHARYA 180000.00 16400029 5 JAG BANDHU BORAL LANE CALCUTTA 700007 000642 JNANAPRAKASH P.S. 1800.00 16400038 54773 POZHEKKADAVIL HOUSE P.O.KARAYAVATTAM TRICHUR DIST. KERALA STATE 68056 MRS. LATHA M.V. 000691 BHARGAVI V.R. 1800.00 16400040 54775 C/O K.C.VISHWAMBARAN,P.B.NO.63 ADV.KAYCEE & KAYCEE AYYANTHOLE TRICHUR DISTRICT KERALA STATE 000902 SREENIVAS M.V. 1800.00 16400046 54781 SAI SREE, KOORKKENCHERY TRICHUR - 7 KERALA STATE MRS. RAJALAKSHMI SREENIVAS 001036 SANKAR T.C. 9000.00 16400052 54787 DAYA MANDIRAM TRICHUR - 4. KERALA MRS. MADHAVIKUTTY T.A. 002679 NARAYANAN P S 3600.00 16400074 54809 PANAT HOUSE P O KARAYAVATTOM, VALAPAD THRISSUR KERALA 002769 RAMLATH V E 1800.00 16400079 54814 ELLATHPARAMBIL HOUSE NATTIKA BEACH P O THRISSUR KERALA 002966 KUNHIRAMAN K 1800.00 16400098 54833 KADAVATH HOUSE OZHINHA VALAPPU (PO) (DIST) KARASAGOD 000000 003292 SURENDARAN K K 1692.00 16400113 54848 KOOTTALA (H) PO KOOKKENCHERY THRISSUR 000000 003427 JAYAPRAKASH P V 1692.00 16400118 54853 PULIPARAMBIL HOUSE VATANAPILLY THRISSUR 000000 003442 POOKOOYA THANGAL 1692.00 16400120 54855 MECHITHODATHIL HOUSE VELLORE PO POOKOTTOR MALAPPURAM 000000 1201910102051401 RAM PARKASH 4500.00 16400130 54865 HOUSE NO - 24 WARD NO-15 Pehowa 136128 001431 JITENDRA DATTA MISRA 10800.00 16400143 54878 BHRATI AJAY TENAMENTS 5 VASTRAL RAOD WADODHAV PO AHMEDABAD 382415 IN30047610042162 REKHA ANIL WAGLE 3510.00 16400151 54886 202 VINAYAK ANGAN OPP V I P SHOWROOM OLD PRABHADEVI ROAD PRABHADEVI MUMBAI 400025 ANIL VINAYAK WAGLE IN30047643177287 ANJANEYA SECURITIES SERVICES PRIVATE LIM 90000.00 16400152 54887 201 STAR APARTMENT A B NAGVEKAR MARG PRABHADEVI MUMBAI 400025 IN30021412035484 JUHI SAKHUJA 1800.00 16400156 54891 FLAT NO 12 1ST FLOOR WITS END HILL ROAD BANDRA WEST MUMBAI MAHARASHTRA 400050 001012 SHARAVATHY C.H. -
Newsetter July~2017
Mahavirai Namah. JAIN SOCIETY OF TORONTO INC. 48 Rosemeade Avenue, Etobicoke, ON M8Y 3A5 (416) 251-8112 - www.jsotcanada.org July 2017 Community Newsletter Jai Jinendra to all the readers Upcoming Event Day Date Program Description Sunday 16-July-17 Senior Session, Sutra Pathshala and Snatra Pooja Sunday 23-July-17 Regular Pathasala and Samayak Sunday 06-Aug-17 Hindi Pooja Sunday 13-Aug-17 Regular Bhakti Friday 18-Aug-17 Paryushan Parva Day 1 Saturday 19-Aug-17 Paryushan Parva Day 2 Sunday 20-Aug-17 Paryushan Parva Day 3–Mahavir Janam Celebration Monday 21-Aug-17 Paryushan Parva Day 4 Tuesday 22-Aug-17 Paryushan Parva Day 5 Wednesday 23-Aug-17 Paryushan Parva Day 6 Thursday 24-Aug-17 Paryushan Parva Day 7 Friday 25-Aug-17 Paryushan Parva Day 8 – Samvatsari Parva Saturday 26-Aug-17 Tapasvi Parna, Tapasvi Varghoda, Alochana Pad Bhakti Group, Dashalakshani Parva Start. Please click below link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5n0Vlb4TOzXbFo2d1FLMDQyWmM/view?usp=sharing JAINA CONVENTION 2017: The 19th Biennial Convention of JAINA, the federation of Jain organizations of North America, was held in Edison, NJ (USA) from June 30 to Jul 4, 2017. About 4,000 people were in attendance from USA, Canada, India, UK etc. It encompassed various entertainment programs, spiritual discourses, kids program, motivational speeches, Jain Milan events, YJA (Young Jain Association) etc. The Federation of Jain Associations in North America, JAINA is an umbrella organization that includes 68 Jain Centres including Jain temples, sanghs, societies and centers. It is an organization “that preserves and shares Jain Dharma and the Jain Way of Life” The lectures and breakout sessions covered six tracks to highlight Jain philosophy and social services: Jainism and science, education, diaspora, quality of life, community, professionals, entrepreneurship, and ecology. -
World Jain Directory Place Request to Add Your Free Listing in World's
Volume : 102 Issue No. : 102 Month : January, 2009 NEW YEAR'S MESSAGE FROM ACHARYA MAHAPRAGYA We Welcome New Year, People visit their places of worship, pray for blessings and desire for success. Next day one forgets it all. The year hands over its legacy, knowledge to the subsequent year. Few of the experiences and knowledge learnt are enormous while others may not be. It is definitely a matter of satisfaction that the general awareness of environmental issues has increased. At the same time, we cannot ignore the fact that lot more is to be done to protect our eco system from pollution. It is heartening to see people becoming more vigilant against increased menace of violence and terror. Huge time is being spent on deliberation in resolving these issues, which requires fast and prompt action. On the auspicious occasion of the New Year, I am happy to share with you that we are transforming "Ahimsa Yatra" (Journey of Non - violence) program into "Ahimsa Samavaay" (Joint efforts for Non - violence), which is based on seven cardinal principles - a) Development of balanced personality through Ahimsa. b) Solving the family dilemma through Ahimsa. c) Solving the caste and communal problems through Ahimsa. d) To undertake efforts for making the concept of "Economics of Ahimsa" more wide spread & extensive. e) Extension of Ahimsa in the international world through "Ahimsa Universal". f) Training in Non - violence. g) Development of life - style based on Ahimsa. World Jain Directory Place request to add your I believe that majority in our world wants to live a peaceful life. -
Jainism Chapter 1
Jainism Chapter 1 Rajesh Kumar Jain M M I G , B - 23, Ram Ganga V i h a r , Phase 2, Extn, M o r a d a b a d - 2 4 4 0 0 1 , UP- B h a r a t . (India) Asia 2013 2014 2015 2016 Copyright © Rajesh Kumar Jain, Moradabad-UP-Bharat. 1 From the Desk of Author Dear Readers:- I am happy to publish first chapter of an English version book Jainism, there was a huge demand from south Bharat, USA and UK, so I tried to write and publish the same. My mother tongue is Hindi, so, there are chances of mistakes and hoping that readers will help to rectify the same. Thanks Rajesh Kumar Jain I wrote my first book in 2013, published on wordpress and BlogSpot, book was listed on Pothi and Chinemonteal in 2014, the second edition was published, listed in 2015 and the language was Hindi. Year wise Readers 2013,2014,2015 25000 21600 20000 15000 Series1 10000 6300 5000 1700 0 1 2 3 2 Month Wise Readers of 2013,2014,2015 3500 N o 3000 2500 o f 2000 1500 Series1 R Series2 e 1000 a 500 Series3 d e 0 r s Month Readers were from 72 USA 13550 countries, list of Top Bharat 9509 eighteen countries are Sweden 3901 given with data. France 552 Germany 250 Taiwan 233 UK 195 European 177 Singapore 107 Japan 70 Russia 64 Canada 46 UAE 46 Indonesia 25 Nepal 23 Australia 22 Malaysia 15 Thailand 15 others 800 3 Country wise Readers at a Glance USA Bharat Sweden France Germany Taiwan UK European Singapore Japan Russia Canada UAE Indonesia Nepal Australia Malaysia Thailand others Year Readers % Growth 2013 1700 - 2014 6300 85 2015 21600 242 4 Left to Right: My Wife Smt Alka Jain, Me, My Mother Smt Prem Lata Jain Left to Right: My son Er Varun Jain, Me, My mother Smt Prem Lata Jain 5 Left to Right My son Er Rajat Jain, Me, My daughter in Law Er Vartika Jain 6 Mangalam Bhagavan viro, Mangalam gautamo gani, Mangalam kundakundadya, Jain dharmostu mangalam. -
Government of India Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1432 TO BE ANSWERED ON 25.07.2017 Grant to NGOs 1432. SHRI A. ANWHAR RAAJHAA: Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to state: (a) whether the Union Government has granted/sanctioned financial assistance to any social organization to carry out activities relating to welfare of animals in the country; and (b) if so, the details thereof, organization and State-wise? ANSWER MINISTER FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (DR. HARSH VARDHAN) a) Government provides financial assistance to eligible Animal Welfare Organizations under animal welfare schemes through Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI), Chennai. Details of the schemes are as under:- i. AWBI Plan Scheme: Under the scheme financial assistance is provided to animal welfare organizations for maintaining the stray animal in distress and their treatment, human education programmes for welfare of animals, etc. ii. Scheme for Provision of Shelter House for Animals: Under the scheme financial assistance is provided to NGOs/AWOs for establishment and maintenance of shelter houses for care and protection of uncared animals. iii. Scheme for Animal Birth Control and Immunization of Stray Dogs: The scheme aims to facilitate sterilization and immunization of stray dogs through the NGOs/Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCAs) throughout the country. iv. Scheme for Ambulance Services to Animals in Distress: Under this scheme, ambulance/rescue vehicles are provided to the NGOs/AWOs/ Gaushalas working in the field of animal welfare. v. Scheme for Relief to Animals during Natural Calamity and Unforeseen circumstances: Under this scheme, financial assistance is extended to AWOs, State Governments/ UTs, local bodies working in the affected areas for providing relief to the animals affected during natural calamities and for relief of animals rescued from illegal transportation, slaughter, circuses etc. -
Birth Vs Merit. Kerala Temple Priests and the Courts Gilles Tarabout
Birth vs Merit. Kerala Temple Priests and the Courts Gilles Tarabout To cite this version: Gilles Tarabout. Birth vs Merit. Kerala Temple Priests and the Courts. Daniela Berti; Gilles Tarabout; Raphaël Voix. Filing Religion. State, Hinduism, and Courts of Law, Oxford University Press, pp.3-33, 2016, 978-0199463794. hal-01341078 HAL Id: hal-01341078 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01341078 Submitted on 4 Jul 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. [Published in Daniela Berti, Gilles Tarabout, and Raphaël Voix (eds), Filing Religion. State, Hinduism, and Courts of Law. New-Delhi, Oxford University Press: 3-33] /p.3/ [Chapter 1] Birth vs Merit. Kerala Temple Priests and the Courts Gilles Tarabout [National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Center for Ethnology and Comparative Sociology (LESC)]* In recent years, men born into various non-Brahmanical castes, including former ‘untouchables’, have been appointed as priests at Brahmanical public temples in Kerala. The constitutionality of such appointments has been challenged and was eventually upheld by the Supreme Court in 2002. This decision, I suggest, has to be seen as the outcome of developments by which the courts came to define priesthood in terms of technical procedures performed by expert, but ‘secular’ persons, i.e. -
Sl No Code No Name of the Awo Amount Released
SL NO CODE NO NAME OF THE AWO AMOUNT RELEASED ANDHRA PRADESH AP011/1993 Blue Cross of Hyderabad 90000 AP016/1998 Visakha SPCA 130000 AP017/1998 International Animal & Birds Welfare Society 60000 AP032/1999 Rashtriya Gokula Samrakshana Kendram 5000 AP033/2000 Shri Mahavir Gaushala Foundation Trust 70000 AP037/2000 Foundation for Animals 40000 AP064/2002 Karuna Society for Animals and Nature 100000 AP072/2002 Shri Vijayawada Gosamrakshana Sangham 80000 AP088/2005 Sahayog Organisation 80000 AP101/2008 Animal Welfare Society 50000 AP102/2008 Shri Guru Ganesh Gaushala 20000 ASSAM AS008/2002 Early Birds 30000 BIHAR & JHARKHAND BH002/1991 Shri Baidyanathdham Gaushala 60000 BH003/1991 Shri Tatanagar Gaushala 150000 BH008/1999 Shri Chaibasa Gaushala 70000 BH010/1999 Shri Ganga Gaushala 150000 BH013/1999 Ranchi Gaushala Nyas 70000 BH014/1999 Jamshedpur Animal Welfare Society 10000 BH023/2000 Shri Gopal Gaushala 50000 GUJARAT GJ009/1991 Shri Dhrol Gaushala & Panjrapole 50000 GJ010/1991 Shri Dhrangadhara Panjrapole 175000 GJ012/1991 Shri Sayla Mahajan Panjrapole 110000 Seth Aanandji Kushalchandji Khododhor Panjrapole GJ013/1991 Sansthan 80000 GJ015/1991 Shri Amreli Gaushala Panjrapole 80000 GJ019/1991 Shri Sidhpur Mahajan Panjarapole 80000 GJ022/1991 Shri Junadeesa Mahajan Panjrapole 250000 GJ023/1991 Shri Kutch Mundra Panjrapole & Gaushala 165000 GJ024/1991 Shri Anjar Panjrapole 175000 GJ025/1991 Shri Vinchhiya Mahajan Panjrapole Trust 80000 GJ028/1993 Shri Gaushala Seva Samiti 175000 GJ031/1994 Shri Okha Krishna Panjrapole 70000 GJ033/1993 Shri -
A Study on Religion
A Study on Religion Religious studies is the academic field of multi-disciplinary, secular study of religious beliefs, behaviors, and institutions. It describes, compares, interprets, and explains religion, emphasizing systematic, historically based, and cross-cultural perspectives. While theology attempts to understand the nature of transcendent or supernatural forces (such as deities), religious studies tries to study religious behavior and belief from outside any particular religious viewpoint. Religious studies draws upon multiple disciplines and their methodologies including anthropology, sociology, psychology, philosophy, and history of religion. Religious studies originated in the nineteenth century, when scholarly and historical analysis of the Bible had flourished, and Hindu and Buddhist texts were first being translated into European languages. Early influential scholars included Friedrich Max Müller, in England, and Cornelius P. Tiele, in the Netherlands. Today religious studies is practiced by scholars worldwide. In its early years, it was known as Comparative Religion or the Science of Religion and, in the USA, there are those who today also know the field as the History of religion (associated with methodological traditions traced to the University of Chicago in general, and in particular Mircea Eliade, from the late 1950s through to the late 1980s). The field is known as Religionswissenschaft in Germany and Sciences de la religion in the French-speaking world. The term "religion" originated from the Latin noun "religio", that was nominalized from one of three verbs: "relegere" (to turn to constantly/observe conscientiously); "religare" (to bind oneself [back]); and "reeligare" (to choose again).[1] Because of these three different meanings, an etymological analysis alone does not resolve the ambiguity of defining religion, since each verb points to a different understanding of what religion is.[2] During the Medieval Period, the term "religious" was used as a noun to describe someone who had joined a monastic order (a "religious").