Animal Welfare Board of India List of Recognised Animal Welfare Organizations As on 16.09.2020
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Programme Inspected Under Section 13 and 14 of INC Act for the Academic Year 2019-2020
List of State Nursing Council Recognised Institutions offering B.Sc(N) Programme Inspected Under Section 13 and 14 of INC Act for the Academic Year 2019-2020. 31-10-2020 Status under section Sl.No. Name of the Institution 13 and 14 of INC Act Annual Intake Andhra Pradesh Academy Of Life Sciences- Nursing, N R I Hospital, Gurudwara,Seethammadhara, 1 Seethammadhara, Visakhapatnam-530013 Suitable 60 (Sixty) Visakhapatnam Dist. Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Adarsha College Of Nursing D.No. 5-67a, Dr. 2 D.N.Nagar, Bellary Road, Dr D N Nagar Suitable 50 (Fifty) Anantapur Dist. Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh Aditya College Of Nursing Srinagar Kakinada 3 Suitable 50 (Fifty) Kakinada Dist. East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh American Nri College Of Nursing Sangivalasa, Bheemunipatnam Bheemunipatnam 4 Suitable 50 (Fifty) Visakhapatnam Dist. Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Apollo College Of Nursing Aimsr,Murukambattu 5 Suitable 100 (One Hundred) Murukambattu Dist. Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh Aragonda Apollo College Of Nursing Aragonda, 6 Thavanampalli Mandal Thavanampalli Mandal Suitable 60 (Sixty) Chittoor Dist. Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh Asram College Of Nursing, Asram Hospital, Malkapuram, Eluru - 534 004, W. G. Distt. 100 (One Hundred) 7 Suitable Andhra Pradesh Eluru Dist. West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh Aswini College Of Nursing, 15-1-17 Mangalagiri 8 Road Guntur - 522 001 Guntur Dist. Guntur, Suitable 50 (Fifty) Andhra Pradesh Balaji College Of Nursing D. No. 19-41-S6-1478, 9 Sree Telugu Nagar Near Hotel Bliss, Renigunta Suitable 50 (Fifty) Road Tirupati Dist. Chittoor , Andhra Pradesh Bollineni College Of Nursing 10 Dhanalakshmipuram, Muthukur Road Spsr Suitable 60 (Sixty) Nellore Dist. Nellore, Andhra Pradesh Care Waltair College Of Nursing, A S Raja Complex, Waltair Main Road, Visakhapatnam- 11 Suitable 40 (Forty) 530002 Visakhapatnam Dist. -
Cast and Baradri System and Voting Behavior in Pakistan (Elections 2018): a Case Study of Hafizabad District
Cast and Baradri System and Voting Behavior in Pakistan (Elections 2018): A Case Study of Hafizabad District Karim Haider Muhammad Arshad Ali This study scrutinizes the impact of caste and Baradri system on voting behavior evolving from Pakistan’s general elections of 2018. Traditionally, the caste and Baradari system have been playing a substantial role in the elections of Pakistan since its birth especially in the region of Punjab. After the partition the evolution and modernization of electoral system and introduction of democratic institution in Pakistan never fully changed the customary value-system of the society of Punjab which is largely based on caste and Baradari system. With specific reference to caste and Baradari system in Punjab, an analytical research has been made to understand profound origins of Caste and Baradari System and its impact on the voting behavior of four selected constituencies, one of National Assembly and three of Provincial Assembly of Punjab in one of the districts of province of Punjab in general elections of 2018. Further, this study explains that the Punjab is based on social divergence with national political culture; therefore, the people of Punjab always look standing with the authoritarian rule which begins from family system and ends at national politics of Pakistan. Having majority seats in National Assembly the role of Punjab is very important and study about the voting behavior of the people of Punjab has special reference to national politics. Introduction Baradari defined as “brotherhood” initiated by the Persian language word Baradar meaning “brother”. Muslims of south Asian region especially in India and Pakistan, a large number of socialclasses are separated on the origin of Biradaris. -
Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics Kenneth R
THE PALGRAVE MACMILLAN ANIMAL ETHICS SERIES Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics Kenneth R. Valpey The Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series Series Editors Andrew Linzey Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics Oxford, UK Priscilla N. Cohn Pennsylvania State University Villanova, PA, USA Associate Editor Clair Linzey Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics Oxford, UK In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the ethics of our treatment of animals. Philosophers have led the way, and now a range of other scholars have followed from historians to social scientists. From being a marginal issue, animals have become an emerging issue in ethics and in multidisciplinary inquiry. Tis series will explore the challenges that Animal Ethics poses, both conceptually and practically, to traditional understandings of human-animal relations. Specifcally, the Series will: • provide a range of key introductory and advanced texts that map out ethical positions on animals • publish pioneering work written by new, as well as accomplished, scholars; • produce texts from a variety of disciplines that are multidisciplinary in character or have multidisciplinary relevance. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14421 Kenneth R. Valpey Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics Kenneth R. Valpey Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies Oxford, UK Te Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series ISBN 978-3-030-28407-7 ISBN 978-3-030-28408-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28408-4 © Te Editor(s) (if applicable) and Te Author(s) 2020. Tis book is an open access publication. Open Access Tis book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. -
Page 1 of 14 AHIMSA TIMES
AHIMSA TIMES - JANUARY 2009 ISSUE - www.jainsamaj.org Page 1 of 14 Vol. No. 103 Print "Ahimsa Times " January, 2009 www.jainsamaj.org Board of Trustees Circulation + 80000 Copies( Jains Only ) Email: Ahimsa Foundation [email protected] New Matrimonial New Members Business Directory NEW YEAR'S MESSAGE FROM ACHARYA MAHAPRAGYA We Welcome New Year, People visit their places of worship, pray for blessings and desire for success. Next day one forgets it all. The year hands over its legacy, knowledge to the subsequent year. Few of the experiences and knowledge learnt are enormous while others may not be. It is definitely a matter of satisfaction that the general awareness of environmental issues has increased. At the same time, we cannot ignore the fact that lot more is to be done to protect our eco system from pollution. It is heartening to see people becoming more vigilant against increased menace of violence and terror. Huge time is being spent on deliberation in resolving these issues, which requires fast and prompt action. On the auspicious occasion of the New Year, I am happy to share with you that we are transforming "Ahimsa Yatra" (Journey of Non - violence) program into "Ahimsa Samavaay" (Joint efforts for Non - violence), which is based on seven cardinal principles - a) Development of balanced personality through Ahimsa. b) Solving the family dilemma through Ahimsa. c) Solving the caste and communal problems through Ahimsa. d) To undertake efforts for making the concept of "Economics of Ahimsa" more wide spread & extensive. e) Extension of Ahimsa in the international world through "Ahimsa Universal". -
Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract, Ludhiana, Part
CENSUS OF INDIA 1991 SERIES-20 PUNJAB DISTRICT 'CENSUS HANDBOOK PART XII - A & B VILLAGE &TOWN DIRECTORY VILLAGE & TOWNWISE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT DISTRICT LUDHIANA Director of· Census Operations Punjab I I • G ~ :x: :x: ~.• Q - :r i I I@z@- ~ . -8. till .11:: I I ,~: : ,. 1l •., z ... , z . Q II) · 0 w ::t ; ~ ~ :5 ... ...J .... £ ::::> ~ , U , j:: .. « c.. tJ) ~ 0 w . ~ c.. t,! ' !!; I! 0 II) <> I « w .... ... 0 i3 z « ~ Vi at: 0 U .· [Il (J) W :x: ;::: U Z 0 « « « ii. 0- 0 c;: J: .., Z 0 ... u .~ « a ::::> u_ w t- 0 ;:: : : c.. 0 ... ~ U at: « ~ a ~ '0 x I- : :x: a: II) 0 c.. 0 .. U 0 c.. ... z ~ 0 Iii w ~ 8 « ... ...J :x: :x: « .. U ~~ i5~ ...J « : 0:: ;; 0- II) t: W => ~ C2 oct '"~ w 0- 5: :x: c:i Vi::: ;: 0:: 0 w I.!l .. Iii W I- ... W . ~ « at::x: ~ IJ) ~ i5 U w~ ~ w «z w ... .... ... s: «w> w<t t- <:l .w ~ &:3: :x: 0- 6 e at: ...J :X:z: 0 ulI) U ~ « ... I.!l Z «~ ::::> ";;: « « x <t w« z w. a A 0 z ~ ~ I.!lZ ZH'" « WI :x: .... Z t a0 0 w (l: ' 5: a::: «,.. ;j o .J W :3:x: [Il .... a::: ::::> « ;:: ~ c.. - _,O- Iii I.!l Iii a w « 0- > 0:":: 0 W W tS- [Il ~_ «(l: :x: z . Ul ii1 >s: ::::> .... c.. e, 0:: ui a: w <t. (i -z. « « a0 <[ w I :x: 0 --' m iii ::> :x: ...J « ~ 0- z l- < 0 ::::> 0:: UI t- e/) :g N ...J --' o. -
Appropriation Accounts 2016-2017
Appropriation Accounts 2016-2017 Government of Uttar Pradesh APPROPRIATION ACCOUNTS 2016-2017 GOVERNMENT OF UTTAR PRADESH TABLE OF CONTENTS Page(s) Introductory (vii) Summary of Appropriation Accounts (ix)-(xxvi) Certificate of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (xxvii)-(xxix) NUMBER AND NAME OF GRANT 1. Excise Department 1-3 2. Housing Department 4-8 3. Industries Department (Small Industry and Export Promotion) 9-12 4. Industries Department (Mines and Minerals) 13-14 5. Industries Department (Handloom and Village Industries) 15-16 6. Industries Department (Handloom Industry) 17-18 7. Industries Department (Heavy and Medium Industries) 19-23 8. Industries Department (Printing and Stationery) 24-26 9. Power Department 27-31 10. Agriculture and Other Allied Departments (Horticultural and Sericulture Development) 32-35 11. Agriculture and Other Allied Departments (Agriculture) 36-43 12. Agriculture and Other Allied Departments (Land Development and Water Resources) 13. Agriculture and Other Allied Departments (Rural Development) 46-55 14. Agriculture and Other Allied Departments (Panchayati Raj) 56-59 15. Agriculture and Other Allied Departments (Animal Husbandry) 60-64 16. Agriculture and Other Allied Departments (Dairy Development) 65-66 (ii) NUMBER AND NAME OF GRANT Page(s) 17. Agriculture and Other Allied Departments (Fisheries) 67-68 18. Agriculture and Other Allied Departments (Co-operative) 69-70 19. Personnel Department (Training and Other Expenditure) 71-72 20. Personnel Department (Public Service Commission) 73-75 21. Food and Civil Supplies Department 76-79 22. Sports Department 80-85 23. Cane Development Department (Cane) 86-88 24. Cane Development Department (Sugar Industry) 89-90 25. Home Department (Jails) 91-93 26. -
Administrative Atlas , Punjab
CENSUS OF INDIA 2001 PUNJAB ADMINISTRATIVE ATLAS f~.·~'\"'~ " ~ ..... ~ ~ - +, ~... 1/, 0\ \ ~ PE OPLE ORIENTED DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, PUNJAB , The maps included in this publication are based upon SUNey of India map with the permission of the SUNeyor General of India. The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line. The interstate boundaries between Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya shown in this publication are as interpreted from the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971 but have yet to be verified. The state boundaries between Uttaranchal & Uttar Pradesh, Bihar & Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh & Madhya Pradesh have not been verified by government concerned. © Government of India, Copyright 2006. Data Product Number 03-010-2001 - Cen-Atlas (ii) FOREWORD "Few people realize, much less appreciate, that apart from Survey of India and Geological Survey, the Census of India has been perhaps the largest single producer of maps of the Indian sub-continent" - this is an observation made by Dr. Ashok Mitra, an illustrious Census Commissioner of India in 1961. The statement sums up the contribution of Census Organisation which has been working in the field of mapping in the country. The Census Commissionarate of India has been working in the field of cartography and mapping since 1872. A major shift was witnessed during Census 1961 when the office had got a permanent footing. For the first time, the census maps were published in the form of 'Census Atlases' in the decade 1961-71. Alongwith the national volume, atlases of states and union territories were also published. -
State District Branch Address Centre Ifsc Contact1 Contact2 Contact3 Micr Code
STATE DISTRICT BRANCH ADDRESS CENTRE IFSC CONTACT1 CONTACT2 CONTACT3 MICR_CODE ANDAMAN 98, MAULANA AZAD AND Andaman & ROAD, PORT BLAIR, NICOBAR Nicobar State 744101, ANDAMAN & 943428146 ISLAND ANDAMAN Coop Bank Ltd NICOBAR ISLAND PORT BLAIR HDFC0CANSCB 0 - 744656002 HDFC BANK LTD. 201, MAHATMA ANDAMAN GANDHI ROAD, AND JUNGLIGHAT, PORT NICOBAR BLAIR ANDAMAN & 98153 ISLAND ANDAMAN PORT BLAIR NICOBAR 744103 PORT BLAIR HDFC0001994 31111 ANDHRA HDFC BANK LTD6-2- 022- PRADESH ADILABAD ADILABAD 57,CINEMA ROAD ADILABAD HDFC0001621 61606161 SURVEY NO.109 5 PLOT NO. 506 28-3- 100 BELLAMPALLI ANDHRA ANDHRA PRADESH BELLAMPAL 99359 PRADESH ADILABAD BELLAMPALLI 504251 LI HDFC0002603 03333 NO. 6-108/5, OPP. VAGHESHWARA JUNIOR COLLEGE, BEAT BAZAR, ANDHRA LAXITTIPET ANDHRA LAKSHATHI 99494 PRADESH ADILABAD LAXITTIPET PRADESH 504215 PET HDFC0003036 93333 - 504240242 18-6-49, AMBEDKAR CHOWK, MUKHARAM PLAZA, NH-16, CHENNUR ROAD, MANCHERIAL - MANCHERIAL ANDHRA ANDHRA ANDHRA PRADESH MANCHERIY 98982 PRADESH ADILABAD PRADESH 504208 AL HDFC0000743 71111 NO.1-2-69/2, NH-7, OPPOSITE NIRMAL ANDHRA BUS DEPO, NIRMAL 98153 PRADESH ADILABAD NIRMAL PIN 504106 NIRMAL HDFC0002044 31111 #5-495,496,Gayatri Towers,Iqbal Ahmmad Ngr,New MRO Office- THE GAYATRI Opp ANDHRA CO-OP URBAN Strt,Vill&Mdl:Mancheri MANCHERIY 924894522 PRADESH ADILABAD BANK LTD al:Adilabad.A.P AL HDFC0CTGB05 2 - 504846202 ANDHRA Universal Coop Vysya Bank Road, MANCHERIY 738203026 PRADESH ADILABAD Urban Bank Ltd Mancherial-504208 AL HDFC0CUCUB9 1 - 504813202 11-129, SREE BALAJI ANANTHAPUR - RESIDENCY,SUBHAS -
Rptprogramwiseanmgnmreport
List of State Nursing Council Recognised Institutions offering GNM Programme Inspected Under Section 13 and 14 of INC Act for the Academic Year 2016-2017. 31 October 2016 Sl.No. Name of the Institution Management No. of Seats Andhra Pradesh A E L C School Of Nursing Baer Hospital Compound, 1 Baerpet Chirala, Prakasam Dist - 523155, A P Dist. Private 30 (Thirty) Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh A M G - Dr Satyavedam School Of Nursing Post Box 2 No 12, Chilakaluripet Guntur Dist, Andhra Pradesh - Private 40 (Forty) 522616 Dist. Guntur, Andhra Pradesh Aditya School Of Nursing Srinagar Kakinada Dist. 3 Private 45 (Forty Five) East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh Arogyavaram Medical Centre, School Of Nursing, Union Mission, Tuberculoses Santorium, Chittoor - 4 Private 60 (Sixty) Distt. Arogyavaram-517330, Andhra Pradesh Dist. Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh Asram School Of Nursing, Malkapuram, N H -5, Eluru 5 Post, West Godavari Distt, Andhra Pradesh Dist. Private 60 (Sixty) West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh Balaji School Of Nursing Plot No 3-6 Talpagiri Colony 6 Private 45 (Forty Five) Dist. Nellore , Andhra Pradesh Bethany School Of Nursing, P M P Colony, P M 7 Palem , Visakhapatnam-530041 Dist. Private 30 (Thirty) Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Bharat School Of Nursing No. 4-426, Dowleshwaram, 8 Rajamundry Rural Dist. East Godavari, Andhra Private 45 (Forty Five) Pradesh Bharathi School Of Nursing, Ram Nagar, 1st Line 9 Ongole-523001, Andhra Pradesh Dist. Prakasam, Private 30 (Thirty) Andhra Pradesh Bollineni School Of Nursing Dhanalakshmipuram, 10 Private 60 (Sixty) Muthukur Road Spsr Dist. Nellore, Andhra Pradesh C S I School Of Nursing Jammalamadugu Dist. 11 Private 60 (Sixty) Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh Chaitanya Educational Society, College Of Nursing 12 Ram Nagar, Ist Line Ongole Dist. -
Annexure-V State/Circle Wise List of Post Offices Modernised/Upgraded
State/Circle wise list of Post Offices modernised/upgraded for Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) Annexure-V Sl No. State/UT Circle Office Regional Office Divisional Office Name of Operational Post Office ATMs Pin 1 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA PRAKASAM Addanki SO 523201 2 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL KURNOOL Adoni H.O 518301 3 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VISAKHAPATNAM AMALAPURAM Amalapuram H.O 533201 4 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL ANANTAPUR Anantapur H.O 515001 5 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Machilipatnam Avanigadda H.O 521121 6 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA TENALI Bapatla H.O 522101 7 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Bhimavaram Bhimavaram H.O 534201 8 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA VIJAYAWADA Buckinghampet H.O 520002 9 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL TIRUPATI Chandragiri H.O 517101 10 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Prakasam Chirala H.O 523155 11 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL CHITTOOR Chittoor H.O 517001 12 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL CUDDAPAH Cuddapah H.O 516001 13 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VISAKHAPATNAM VISAKHAPATNAM Dabagardens S.O 530020 14 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL HINDUPUR Dharmavaram H.O 515671 15 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA ELURU Eluru H.O 534001 16 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Gudivada Gudivada H.O 521301 17 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Gudur Gudur H.O 524101 18 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL ANANTAPUR Guntakal H.O 515801 19 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA -
District Census Handbook, Auraiya, Part-XII-A & B, Series-10, Uttar
CENSUS OF INDIA 2001 ~3ERIES-10 UTTAR PRADeSH DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK Part - A & B AURAIYA VILLAGE & TOWN DIRECTORY VILLAGE AND TOWNWISE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT {_ -~. I ( ! ) I F·~ ~ ~ _~. ~: ~ i I'i (\I'i!. (11(11 NIIII Dlr~ECTORATE OF Cf-':l\ISUS OPERATIONS, UTTAR PF~!\DESH LUCKNOW UTTAR PRADESH DISTRICT AURAIY A KILOMETRES , ,. 5 5 10 15 20 25 N A Area(sq.km.) . 2,015 (:::, Pepu) a tion .. ... 1,1'79,993 Number of Tahsils .. Number of Vikas Khand. ... ~ I· Number of Towns. Q; Number of Villages .. ·•• sj A L A DISTRICT AURAIYA-i S - PART OF VIKAS KHAND SAHAR (NEWL Y CREATED) CHANGE IN JURISDICTION 1991 - 2001 KILOMET~ :'".~~ '.~ . BOUNDARY DISTRICT -----: ! TAHSIL VIKAS KHAND .~ HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT, TAHSIL VIKAS KHAND @ @ NATJONAL HIGHWAY NH 2 STATE HIGHWAY SH 21 IMPORTANT METALLED ROAD RAILWAY LINE BROAD GAUGE. RIVER AND STREAM VILLAGE HAVING 5000 AND ABOVE POPULATJON WITH NAME • Kasba Khanpur TOWNS WITH POPULATION SIZE AND CLASS II JIl , IV , V ~.~.-.~" . DEGREE COLLEGE ~ AREA GAINED- FROM ~ DISTRICT ETAWAH MOTIF JAMUNAPARI GOATS The main centre of availability of Jamunapari Goats is considered in the surroundings of the village Pachnada in the district Auraiya at the banks of the rivers Yamuna, Chambal, Kunwari, Rind and Pahunj. Though these goats are extended from Chakarnagar to the either of the banks of river Yamuna, their height is much more than other goats with the backbone lying downwards likewise came and having two long ears in addition to two amazing short ears below their necks. There is a variety of species which are bit different from each other, but among them ~Alwari goats' are the best one, which give about 3 to4 kg. -
The Amalgamation of Indo-Islamic Architecture of the Deccan
Islamic Heritage Architecture and Art II 255 THE AMALGAMATION OF INDO-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE OF THE DECCAN SHARMILA DURAI Department of Architecture, School of Planning & Architecture, Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture & Fine Arts University, India ABSTRACT A fundamental proportion of this work is to introduce the Islamic Civilization, which was dominant from the seventh century in its influence over political, social, economic and cultural traits in the Indian subcontinent. This paper presents a discussion on the Sultanate period, the Monarchs and Mughal emperors who patronized many arts and skills such as textiles, carpet weaving, tent covering, regal costume design, metallic and decorative work, jewellery, ornamentation, painting, calligraphy, illustrated manuscripts and architecture with their excellence. It lays emphasis on the spread of Islamic Architecture across India, embracing an ever-increasing variety of climates for the better flow of air which is essential for comfort in the various climatic zones. The Indian subcontinent has produced some of the finest expressions of Islamic Art known to the intellectual and artistic vigour. The aim here lies in evaluating the numerous subtleties of forms, spaces, massing and architectural character which were developed during Muslim Civilization (with special reference to Hyderabad). Keywords: climatic zones, architectural character, forms and spaces, cultural traits, calligraphic designs. 1 INTRODUCTION India, a land enriched with its unique cultural traits, traditional values, religious beliefs and heritage has always surprised historians with an amalgamation of varying influences of new civilizations that have adapted foreign cultures. The advent of Islam in India was at the beginning of 11th century [1]. Islam, the third great monotheistic religion, sprung from the Semitic people and flourished in most parts of the world.