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February 1, 2008 May 1, 2010 ABSCESS Staphyloccus Aureus Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Infection Prevention & Control Manual Clinical Presentation, Type of Infective Material Route of Incubation Period of Duration of Comments Microorganism, Infectious Precautions Transmission Communicability Precautions Disease ABSCESS Minor: Pus Direct & indirect Variable Duration of drainage Duration of Minor: Drainage is contained by Staphyloccus aureus Routine contact drainage dressing. Group A Streptococcus Major: Drainage not contained by Major: Other bacteria dressing. Contact ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY Routine Blood, body fluids Mucosal or Weeks to From onset of For life Follow the WRHA Post Exposure SYNDROME containing visible percutaneous years infection Blood & Body Fluid Post Exposure AIDS, ARC, or HIV blood, CSF, pleural exposure to Protocol Management Policy. Report an exposure to infective Antibody Positive, peritoneal, infective pericardial, amniotic material material e.g., needle-stick or blood Suspected Human fluids, semen, & Breastmilk spill/splash immediately to the Immunodeficiency vaginal secretions ingestion Occupational Health Department. Virus (HIV) Infection Refer to Specific Disease Protocol: AIDS/HIV. ACTINOMYCOSIS Routine Not person to Normal flora: infection usually Actinomyces species person secondary to trauma. ADENOVIRUS Routine Eye drainage Direct & indirect 2-14 days Until symptoms Duration of Different strains can be responsible for Conjunctivitis Children <6 yrs: contact cease illness respiratory and gastrointestinal disease. Contact Minimize exposure of immunocompromised patients, children with chronic cardiac or lung disease, and neonates. Diarrhea Routine* Feces Direct & indirect 3-10 days Until symptoms Until feces *Consider Contact Precautions for Children<6 yrs: contact cease normal incontinent patients if feces cannot be contained or for patients who Contact contaminate their environment. Refer to Specific Disease Protocol: Diarrhea – Viral. 6.1 DATE ISSUED: February 1, 2006 REVISION DATE: February 1, 2008 May 1, 2010 Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Infection Prevention & Control Manual Clinical Presentation, Type of Infective Material Route of Incubation Period of Duration of Comments Microorganism, Infectious Precautions Transmission Communicability Precautions Disease ADENOVIRUS (cont’d) Routine Respiratory Droplet, 2-14 days Until symptoms Until 48 hours Respiratory infection Pediatric: secretions direct & indirect cease after resolution Droplet & contact of symptoms Contact AMEBIASIS Routine* Feces, pus Direct & indirect Days to Duration of cyst Duration of *Consider Contact Precautions for Entamoeba Histolytica Children <6 yrs: contact weeks excretion illness incontinent patients if feces cannot be Abscess Contact (Fecal/oral) contained or for patients who contaminate their environment. Refer to Specific Disease Protocol: Diarrhea Feces Diarrhea – Other. ANTHRAX Routine* Lesion drainage Not person to Few hours to *Contact Precautions required only if Bacillus Anthracis person 7 days wound drainage cannot be contained Cutaneous by dressing. Acquired from infected animals and animal products. Cutaneous Anthrax is not usually fatal. Pneumonia Routine Respiratory Usually fatal secretions Anthrax is a possible agent of bioterrorism. ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT Contact Infected or colonized Direct & indirect Variable Variable As directed by Includes MRSA, VRE, ESBL, other ORGANISMS (ARO) secretions or contact Infection resistant Gram Negative bacilli and excretions Prevention and other bacteria. Control Refer to Specific Disease Protocol: Antibiotic Resistant Organisms. (ARO) ARTHROPOD BORNE VIRAL Routine Mosquito or tick Variable Variable ENCEPHALITIS bite (Arboviruses) Not person to Eastern or Western person 6.2 DATE ISSUED: February 1, 2006 REVISION DATE: February 1, 2008 May 1, 2010 Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Infection Prevention & Control Manual Clinical Presentation, Type of Infective Material Route of Incubation Period of Duration of Comments Microorganism, Infectious Precautions Transmission Communicability Precautions Disease ARTHROPOD BORNE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS (cont’d) Equine Encephalitis St. Louis/California Encephalitis Powassan Encelphalitis Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis West Nile Virus ARTHROPOD BORNE VIRAL Routine Insect-borne Variable Variable FEVERS/RASH Mosquito or tick Colorado Tick Fever bite Dengue Fever Not person to Yellow Fever person ASCARIASIS Routine Not person to Ova must hatch in soil to become Roundworm person infective. ASPERGILLOSIS Routine Not person to Spores in dust; infections in Aspergillus species person immunocompromised patients may be associated with construction. ASTROVIRUS Routine* Feces Direct & indirect 1-4 days Duration of illness Until feces *Consider Contact Precautions for Diarrhea Children <6 yrs: contact normal incontinent patients if feces cannot be Contact (Fecal/oral) contained or for patients who contaminate their environment. Refer to Specific Disease Protocol: Diarrhea - Viral. AVIAN INFLUENZA Droplet & Respiratory Droplet, 14 days after onset of As directed by Refer to Specific Disease Protocol: Contact secretions direct & indirect symptoms Infection Severe Respiratory Infection & contact Prevention & Influenza. Control Human-to-human transmission inefficient and rare, but risk of 6.3 DATE ISSUED: February 1, 2006 REVISION DATE: February 1, 2008 May 1, 2010 Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Infection Prevention & Control Manual Clinical Presentation, Type of Infective Material Route of Incubation Period of Duration of Comments Microorganism, Infectious Precautions Transmission Communicability Precautions Disease AVIAN INFLUENZA (cont’d) reassortment with human influenza strains and emergence of pandemic strain serious concern. BABESIOSIS Routine Tick or blood Transmission from person to person is Babesia microti transfusion unlikely except by blood transfusion. Other Babesia species BED BUGS Contact Parasite Not person to Until parasites are Refer to Specific Disease Protocol: Climex lectularius person* eliminated from Bed Bugs. resting/sleeping *Frequent association with transport of space personal belongings. BLASTOMYCOSIS Routine Not person to Acquired from spores in soil. Blastomyces dermatitidis person Pneumonia Skin lesions BOILS Routine Pus Direct & indirect Variable Duration of drainage Duration of Staphylococcus aureus contact drainage Group A Streptococcus Other bacteria BOTULISM Routine Foodborne Variable Clostridium botulinum Not person to person BRONCHIOLITIS Routine Respiratory Droplet, Variable Variable Until 48 hours May cohort if infected with the same Adenovirus Pediatric: secretions direct & indirect after resolution virus. Influenza Droplet & contact of symptoms Minimize exposure of Parainfluenza Virus Contact immunocompromised patients & Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) children with chronic cardiac or lung disease, neonates. 6.4 DATE ISSUED: February 1, 2006 REVISION DATE: February 1, 2008 May 1, 2010 Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Infection Prevention & Control Manual Clinical Presentation, Type of Infective Material Route of Incubation Period of Duration of Comments Microorganism, Infectious Precautions Transmission Communicability Precautions Disease BRUCELLOSIS Brucella species Routine* Lesion drainage Possibly direct Weeks to Duration of *Contact Precautions required only if Draining lesions contact months drainage wound drainage cannot be contained Rare cases of by dressings Mediterranean Fever Routine person to Undulant Fever person transmission BUBONIC PLAGUE Routine Direct contact 1-7 days Close contacts may need Yersinia pestis with infected chemoprophylaxis. rodents and/or their fleas BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA Contact Respiratory Direct & indirect Variable Variable As directed by Minimize contact with other CF Resistant to all antibiotics tested secretions contact Infection patients in the hospital who are not Antibiotic sensitive or resistant Prevention & colonized or infected with B. cepacia. strains in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Control Do not place in the same room as a patient patient with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) who is not infected or colonized with B. cepacia. Persons with CF who visit or provide care and are not infected or colonized with B. cepacia may elect to wear a mask when within 1 metre (3 feet) of a colonized or infected patient who is coughing or undergoing chest physiotherapy. BURNS . Patients with burns depending on MINOR severity may be referred to the Burn Less than total 25% body surface Routine Units at HSC or Children’s Hospital. area MAJOR Contact More than 25% total body surface area 6.5 DATE ISSUED: February 1, 2006 REVISION DATE: May 1, 2010 Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Infection Prevention & Control Manual Clinical Presentation, Type of Infective Material Route of Incubation Period of Duration of Comments Microorganism, Infectious Precautions Transmission Communicability Precautions Disease BURNS (cont’d) Minor: Pus Direct & indirect Variable Duration of drainage Duration of Minor: Drainage is contained by INFECTED Routine contact drainage dressing. Major: Major: Drainage not contained by Contact dressing. CALICIVIRUSES Routine* Feces Direct & indirect 24-48 hours Duration of excretion Until feces *Consider Contact Precautions for Calicivirus Children <6 yrs: contact range 10-50 normal incontinent patients if stool cannot be Norovirus Contact (Fecal/ oral) hours contained or who contaminate their Other small round- structured environment. viruses Refer to Specific Disease Protocol: Diarrhea - Viral. CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
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