EA for NARI Project

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EA for NARI Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1

1 Introduction ...... 1 2 Legislative Considerations ...... 1 3 Description of Project ...... 1 4 Description of Environment ...... 2 5 Identification and Assessment of Potential Impacts ...... 5 6 Environmental Management Plan ...... 7 6.1 Possible Mitigation Measures ...... 7 6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 8 6.3 Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Development ...... 8 6.4 Environmental Monitoring Cost ...... 8 7 Analysis of Alternatives ...... 8 8 Public Consultation ...... 8 9 Conclusions ...... 9

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 10

1.1 Background ...... 10 1.2 Objectives ...... 12 1.3 Scope of Works ...... 12 1.4 Methodology ...... 12 1.4.1 General ...... 12 1.4.2 Baseline Data/Information Collection ...... 13 1.4.3 Secondary Data ...... 13 1.4.4 Primary Data Collection ...... 13 1.4.5 Public Consultations ...... 14 1.4.6 Identification of Potential Environmental Impacts and Assessment ...... 15

2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 16

2.1 GoB Environmental Policy, Regulations, and Guidelines ...... 16 2.1.1 National Environmental Policy, 1992 ...... 16 2.1.2 National Environment Management Action Plan, 1995 ...... 16 2.1.3 Environment Conservation Act, 1995 ...... 17 2.1.4 Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 ...... 17 2.1.5 The EIA Guidelines for Industry, 1997 ...... 17 2.1.6 Relevant Other National Polices...... 18 2.2 World Bank Environmental Policies ...... 19 2.2.1 Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP 4.01) ...... 19 2.2.2 Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines ...... 19

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EA for NARI Project

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 20

3.1 Type of the Project...... 20 3.2 Location of the DTC Sites ...... 20 3.3 Description of the DTC Sites ...... 21 3.3.1 DTC Site of DEPZ ...... 21 3.3.2 DTC of IEPZ ...... 25 3.3.3 DTC of KEPZ ...... 30 3.4 Project Components ...... 31 3.5 Project Activities ...... 35 3.6 The DTC Planning and Design Norms ...... 36 3.7 Implementation Schedule ...... 36 3.8 Materials Used for Construction ...... 36

4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 38

4.1 General...... 38 4.2 DTC of DEPZ ...... 38 4.2.1 Project Influence Area ...... 38 4.2.2 Physical Environment ...... 39 4.2.3 Biological Environment ...... 48 4.2.4 Socio-Economic Environment ...... 50 4.2.5 Environmental Risks ...... 52 4.3 DTC of IEPZ ...... 56 4.3.1 Project Influence Area ...... 56 4.3.2 Physical Environment ...... 56 4.3.3 Biological Environment ...... 64 4.3.4 Socio-Economic Environment ...... 66 4.3.5 Environmental Risks ...... 68 4.4 DTC of KEPZ ...... 69 4.4.1 Project Influence Area ...... 69 4.4.2 Physical Environment ...... 69 4.4.3 Biological Environment ...... 77 4.4.4 Socio Economic Environment ...... 80 4.4.5 Environmental Risks ...... 82

5 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ...... 83

5.1 Identification of Potential Impacts ...... 83 5.2 DTC of DEPZ ...... 83 5.2.1 Impacts during Pre-Construction ...... 83 5.2.2 Impacts during Construction ...... 83 5.2.3 Impacts during Operation ...... 85

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EA for NARI Project

5.3 DTC of IEPZ ...... 87 5.3.1 Impacts during Pre-Construction ...... 87 5.3.2 Impacts during Construction ...... 87 5.3.3 Impacts during Operation ...... 89 5.4 DTC Site of KEPZ ...... 90 5.4.1 Impacts during Pre-Construction ...... 90 5.4.2 Impacts during Construction ...... 91 5.4.3 Impacts during Operation ...... 93

6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 95

6.1 Objectives ...... 95 6.2 Possible Mitigation Measures ...... 96 6.2.1.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 109 6.2.1.2 Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Development ...... 114 6.2.1.3 Environmental Monitoring Cost ...... 121 6.2.2.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 135 6.2.2.2 Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Development ...... 140 6.2.2.3 Environmental Monitoring Cost ...... 145 6.2.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 159 6.2.4.1 Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Development ...... 163 6.2.5 Environmental Monitoring Cost ...... 168

7 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 169

7.1 The No Build Scenario ...... 169 7.2 Consideration of Alternatives ...... 169

8 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ...... 170

8.1 General Consideration ...... 170 8.2 Focus Group Discussion ...... 170 8.3 Stakeholder Consultations ...... 175 8.3.1 Mitigation and Management of Key Stakeholder Concerns ...... 177 8.4 Individual Interviews ...... 177 8.4.1 DTC of DEPZ ...... 177 8.4.2 DTC of IEPZ ...... 178 8.4.3 DTC of KEPZ ...... 178

9 CONCLUSIONS ...... 180

REFERENCES ...... 182

ANNEXES

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EA for NARI Project

1. Training Centre (Ground Floor Plan) 2. Dormitory Centre (Ground Floor Plan) 3. Checklist for Identification of Potential Impacts of the Proposed DTC Site 4. Photographs of FGDs for DTC of DEPZ 5. Photographs of FGDs for DTC of IEPZ 6. Photographs of FGDs for DTC of KEPZ 7. List of the Participants of the FGD

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EA for NARI Project

ABBREVIATIONS

BARC - Bangladesh Agricultural Research Centre BBS - Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BEPZA - Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority BMD - Bangladesh Meteorology Department BNBC - Bangladesh National Building Code BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand BUET - Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology BWDB - Bangladesh Water Development Board COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand CWASA - Chittagong Water Supply and Sanitation Authority DAE - Department of Agricultural Extension DEPZ - Dhaka Export Processing Zone DO - Dissolve Oxygen DoE - Department of Environment DoF - Department of Fisheries DPHE - Department of Public Health Engineering DTC - Dormitory and Training Centre DTW - Deep Tube-well DTW - Deep Tube-well EA - Environmental Assessment ECA - Environmental Conservation Act ECL - Eastern Cables Ltd ECL - Enviro-Consultants Ltd. ECR - Environmental Conservation Rules EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMP - Environmental Management Plan EMP - Environmental Management Plan EPZ - Export Processing Zone EQS - Environmental Quality Survey FD - Forest Department FGD - Focus Group Discussions FGD - Focus Group Discussion GEM - General Electric manufacturing Company Ltd GOB - Government of People‟s Republic of Bangladesh HBB - Haring Bone Road (Brick Placing Road) HCBL - Heidelberg Corporation Ltd IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IEPZ - Ishwardi Export Processing Zone IFC - International Finance Corporation KEPZ - Karnaphuli Export Processing Zone Kg - Kilogram LA - Land Acquisition LGED - Local Government Engineering Department MCS - Medway Consultants Services MP - Environmental Monitoring Plan MT - Metric Ton

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EA for NARI Project

NARI - Northern Poverty Reduction Initiative NEMAP - National Environmental Management Action Plan, 1992 NGO - Non Government Organization PAP - Project Affected Person PCU - Project Coordination Unit PDB - Power Development Board PIU - Project Implementation Unit PWD - Public Works Datum REB - Rural Electrification Board RHD - Roads and Highway Department ROW - Right of Way RPF - Resettlement Policy Framework SIA - Social Impact Assessment SUB - State University of Bangladesh TC - Training Centre TDS - Total Dissolve Solids TOR - Terms of Reference TSP - Triple Super Phosphate Company Ltd TSS - Total Suspended Solids UZ - Upazila (Smaller secondary town) WB - World Bank

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EA for NARI Project

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1 Introduction

The Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority (BEPZA) will construct multi-storey dormitory (4 stories) and training centre (2 stories) (DTC) under NARI project for incoming poor and vulnerable female workers in or nearby their Export Processing Zone (EPZ) in Dhaka, Pabna and Chittagong Districts with the financial assistance of the World Bank (WB). Construction of DTC buildings along with other facilities in the DTC sites of DEPZ, KEPZ and IEPZ involve a considerable amount of construction activities which have both negative and positive impacts on environment. According to WB guidelines, this project is considered as “Category B” but as per Department of Environment (DOE), Government of Bangladesh (GOB) guidelines, this project is under “Category Orange B”. However to minimize environmental impacts and as per requirement of the WB, Environmental Assessment (EA) is needed to be carried to make the project environmentally sound and sustainable. The EA has been carried out for the project following the steps as given below: . Review of relevant documents; . Environmental requirements of WB and GOB; . Collection and analysis of baseline information on environment; . Public consultations (such as Stakeholders, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and individual interviews); and . Identification/screening of potential environmental impacts using a checklist. The baseline data/information on physical biological and socio-economical has been gathered through secondary and primary sources including extensive public consultations.

2 Legislative Considerations

Regulatory requirements toward protection and conservation of environment have been enunciated by the GOB as well as the WB and pertinent policies and regulations among these requirements are summarized as under:  GOB Environmental Policy, Regulations, and Guidelines;  National Environmental Policy, 1992;  National Environment Management Action Plan, 1995;  Environment Conservation Act, 1995;  Environment Conservation Rules, 1997;  The EIA Guidelines for Industry, 1997;  Relevant Other National Polices;  Bangladesh Labor Law, 2006;  Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP 4.01); and  Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines of WB.

3 Description of Project

The proposed DTC site of DEPZ is located at about 2km far away from the DEPZ (nearby Vadail Bazar) at Village: Vadail, Union: Dhamshona, UZ: Savar and District: Dhaka, the proposed DTC of IEPZ is located at Village: Civilhat , Union: Sara, UZ: Ishwardi and District: Pabna and the proposed DTC site of KEPZ is located

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EA for NARI Project at about 1km far away from the KEPZ and 0.5km far away from the north Patenga sea shore at Village: Khejurtola, Ward: 40, Thana: Patenga and District: Chittagong. Total land area of each DTC site is about 5 acres (20,243 sq.m) and is empty without any structures. The owner of the land is the EPZ authority. The project components are as follows:  Training centre building (1 no. 2 stories building at each DTC site);  Dormitory building (1 no. 3 stories building at each DTC site);  Play ground for outdoor games (badminton, etc.);  Internal road access;  Water supply;  Electricity;  Gas;  Telephone;  Drainage facilities;  Landscape/tree plantation;  Solid waste management,  Vehicle parking;  Waste dumping area,  Security; and  RCC or brick concrete boundary fence (for DTC of KEPZ and IEPZ).

4 Description of Environment

The baseline data/information has been gathered for the following environmental components:  Physical;  Biological;  Socio-economical; and  Environmental risks. Primary data related to the environmental attributes like air, noise level, soil and water quality have been collected through field sources. Other environmental data/information has been gathered from secondary/ field sources. a) DTC of DEPZ

 Physical Environment:

DTC of DEPZ occupies the Dhamshona Union, Savar Upazila under Dhaka District. Land use in the immediate vicinity is mainly semi-urban. The land in the Savar Upazila is composed of alluvium soil of the Pleistocene period. The values of heavy metals, i.e. Hg, Zn, As and Pb are well within the permissible limits as compared to EU Directives 86/278/EEC for land application. The soil samples tested were free from mercury and arsenic as there is no industries within the project impact area (PIA), which discharges such chemicals.

The project area is located within the south-central zone where rainfall is above 1,900mm and temperature range is mild. According to the ambient air quality test results, the value of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) is currently higher than the standard limit of ECR‟97 of DOE. It could be the resultant of the

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EA for NARI Project surrounding semi-urban condition and high road dust during dry season. However, SOx and NOx are well within the permissible limits as compared to ECR‟95 of GOB. The ambient noise level found in the area is higher than the standard limit of ECR‟97 (subsequent amendment in 2006). There are no surface water resources in the PIA area of the DEPZ. And the concentration levels of pH, Alkalanity, Manganese (Mn), Arsenic (As), Iron (Fe), Ammonium Nitrate, Total Hardness, Chloride, Fecal Coliform (FC) and Total Coliform (TC) for tube well water were found within the acceptable limits set by the DOE, GoB for drinking water.

Like most other rural areas in Bangladesh, there is no structured drainage system in the project area. During monsoon sewage and domestic waste water of the project areas are drained out through the „road side‟, which merge with low laying areas.

Road network in the vicinity of DTC site of DEPZ is quite complex. There are two major access roads to the DTC area from two different highways, namely Jamuna Access Road and Bipile – Ashulia Road. The DTC area is connected by about 2.0 km long 1st access LGED road (5.0-6.5m wide,) with Jamuna Access Road (4 lane, 36 m wide) where DEPZ and extension of DEPZ exist. This bituminous carpeting cum HBB access road starts from the EPZ bus stand of Jamuna Access Road. The second access road starts from the Ashulia – Bipile Highway at Jamgora Market and its length and average width are about 3km and 6m respectively. This access road is mix of HBB, bituminous carpeting and earth. Both the roads are not structurally sound. Therefore LGED has started improvements to these access roads. No LA is required for access road improvements. Although the entire second access road is zigzag in shape, trucks move along this road frequently during day and night. Traffic on both the accesses includes trucks, rickshaws, vans, cycles and cars. Traffic on the 1st access road is relatively more than the traffic on the 2nd access road as the condition of the 1st access road is better and the distance required to travel is shorter.

 Biological Environment

There are homestead forests around the settlements in the PIA and major species found are Mango, Jackfruit, Coconut, and Banana. There are some woodland dependent wildlife species found in the area. The proposed DTC site does not fall under the jurisdiction of any of the protected or sensitive areas in Bangladesh.  Environmental Risks

The project site is located on the highland of Bangladesh and the area is virtually free from floods even during high flood events. The project area falls within Zone II, which is comprised of the middle regions of Bangladesh, and is within moderately seismically active region in the country. The site is located in a cyclone and storm surges free zone. b) DTC of IEPZ:

 Physical Environment

The project influence area is rural and sparsely populated. It is part of the Pakshi Union, Ishwardi Upazilla under Pabna District. The area comprises the eastern half of the Ganges River Floodplain. Soil of the region is silt loams and silty clay loams on the ridges and silty clay loam to heavy clays on lower sites.

The project area is situated within the north-western zone where rainfall is low. From the test results, it was concluded that the SPM level, SOx and NOX levels are below the standard value of ECR‟97 of DoE. The noise

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EA for NARI Project level inside the proposed DTC site of IEPZ was found to be 53.8 dB(A), 52.5 dB(A), 50.9 dB(A) and 54.7dB(A) in the North, South, West and East side boundaries respectively, which are below the Bangladesh Environmental Quality Standards {ECR‟97 55 dB(A)}. In the mixed landuse area the noise level is slightly higher. There is a pond (area=290mx190m and depth=5m) just adjacent to the proposed site (15 m away). The pond is mainly used for fish culture. This pond is inside the IEPZ residential area. The water quality of the pond water is found to be good for fish culture. Ground water concentration levels of pH, Alkalinity, Mn, As, Fe, Ammonium Nitrate, Total Hardness, Chloride, FC and TC for tube well use were found within acceptable limits.

The proposed site for the DTC is located at north side of the residential area of the IEPZ within the Village: Civil‐hat and Saraghat in UZ: Ishwardi under District: Pabna. The DTC site is connected with the Ishwardi- Pakshi National Highway by about 8m wide and about 4km long District Road under RHD. Bituminous pavement needs to be reconstructed for this District Road. The present traffic on this road is due to trucks, cars, tempo, rickshaws, rickshaw vans, cycle and motorcycles. No traffic jams were observed during the field visits. The LGED, HBB road cum railway embankment (access road of DTC) runs from the District Road at north and west sides of the DTC site and connects with the DTC site. The length and width of this access road portion are about 0.5 km and 4.5m respectively. This HBB road has been damaged due to movement of heavy loaded trucks carrying sand from the Ganges River which also needs to be improved. The IEPZ authority is planning to improve this road prior to commencement of DTC construction. No LA is required for access road improvement. Presently, there is no entry gate other than main gate of the residential area of the IEPZ. .An earthen drainage canal runs parallel to the LGED road and boundary wall of the DTC site. A 3x2 m existing box culvert (BC) is located on the LGED road cum rail embankment. Storm water from the residential area of IEPZ including DTC area is draining through the canal and culvert. A 1.5mx1.5m BC on the earth drainage canal in front of the proposed entry gate also needs to be constructed to connect the DTC site with the access road cum rail embankment and will act as entry access for the DTC site.  Biological Environment

The status of the flora and fauna of the PIA has been determined by specific assessment of both the terrestrial and aquatic environments, review of literature relevant to the location, and identification of species through primary (transit walk, interviews) and secondary sources. No threatened species were found to be residing in the area. c) DTC of KEPZ

 Physical Environment

The project influence area consists of a semi urban and densely populated area in the east and south, and agricultural land and sea shore towards the west and agricultural land at the north. It is situated within the Ward No-40 under Patenga Thana in Chittagong District. Based on the findings of the soil quality results, it was concluded that the quality of soil in the project site is quite good for construction of the buildings. The values of heavy metals, i.e. Hg, Zn, As and Pb are well within the permissible limits.

The climate of the project area is sub- tropical with hot and humid pre-monsoon from March to mid May, a prolonged southwest monsoon or rainy season from mid May to September. From the test results, it was concluded that the SPM level, SOx and NOX levels are below the standard value of ECR‟97 of DoE. The noise

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EA for NARI Project level was found in the proposed DTC area of KEPZ is slightly high because of the surrounding colony. In the mixed landuse zone, the noise level is higher than the standard of DOE guideline.

There is no surface water resource in the PIA of the site. . Ground water is a major issue in the proposed DTC area of KEPZ. The ground water level is shallow (25-40 feet) but the water contains high salinity and iron which are above the limits of drinking water quality standards of DoE.

Zoutho Abashik Colony Road is the best access road to the project site due to its relatively good condition and shorter distance of travel to key areas. It is a bituminous paved road. The access road is about 1 Km long and 7.0 m wide. The road connects to the Patenga road in the east at Mohajonghata and ends at CDDL colony in the west. At the end of this road, there is a brick wall across the access road which blocks the road. This brick wall needs to be dismantled to connect the DTC site with the Patenga road and from this brick wall about 150m new paved access road needs to be constructed to reach the proposed building site for which no LA is required, as it is KEPZ land. The road currently used by rickshaws, bicycles, motorcycles, and staff buses. Traffic jams were not observed on this road. Access road-side infrastructure includes houses, small shops, offices, school, mosques, trees, concrete boundary walls, etc.

 Biological Environment

The status of the biological resources of the project area was determined by field assessment of both the terrestrial and aquatic environments, review of literature relevant to the location, and identification of species through primary (transit walk, interviews) and secondary sources. No threatened species were found to be residing in the area.

5 Identification and Assessment of Potential Impacts

The primary function of this environmental assessment study is to predict and quantify the magnitude of impacts, evaluate and assess the importance of the identified changes, and formulate plans to monitor and mitigate the actual changes caused due to the execution of the project. Environmental impacts could be positive or negative, direct or indirect, short term, long term, reversible or irreversible.

Impacts Identification: The potential impacts of the project on the environment can be in different phases of project cycle, viz. pre-construction, construction and operation. The type and magnitude of the impacts however depend on the specific attributes of the given environment.

Key identified potential impacts and their significance is summarized in the table below.

Issue Potential Environmental Impacts Pre-Construction Stage (Site Specific ) Design of project facilities  Improper design of project facilities will lead to environmental degradation Utilities (electricity) in  In the DTC of DEPZ area, REB electric line passes over the site DEPZ Access road facilities for  No entry gate to the proposed DTC site of IEPZ area which will hamper IEPZ the movement of construction vehicles and construction workers Tree in KEPZ  The Reduction of the tree cover from the DTC site Utilities (water supply) for  The ground water quality of DTC area of KEPZ is saline which will hamper DEPZ construction work

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EA for NARI Project

Issue Potential Environmental Impacts Access road for KEPZ  Blocked brick wall across the access road to the side access Construction Stage ( Common for all 3 Sites)  Construction vehicular traffic: Air quality can be affected from vehicle exhaust emissions and combustion of fuels;  Construction machinery: Air quality can be adversely affected from Air and dust pollution emissions of machinery and combustion of fuels;  Construction activities: Dust generation from construction sites, material stockpiles and access roads poluuting the environment and can be a health hazard;  Construction vehicular traffic: Noise quality will be deteriorated due to increased vehicular traffic; Noise pollution  Construction machinery: Noise and vibration may have an impact on people, property, fauna, livestock; and  Construction activity: Noise and vibration may have an impact on people, property, fauna, livestock and the natural environment. Sewage pollution/  Lack of proper sanitation facilities will increase pressure on health sanitation hazard hazards. Solid and water pollution  Soil and water pollution due to improper management of wastes and excess material from the construction sites; and  Construction activities especially earthworks will change topography and Landscape disturb the natural rainwater drainage as well as will change the local landscape. Access road facilities/  Construction vehicular traffic: Increased traffic use of narrow access road traffic congestion by construction vehicles will affect the movement of normal road traffic and the safety of the road-users.  Fuels and hazardous goods: improper storage and handling of fuels, Liquid/ hazardous waste lubricants, chemicals and hazardous goods/materials on-site, and management potential spills may harm the environment or health of construction workers.  Siting and Location of construction camps: impacts such as health and safety hazards on local resources and infrastructure of nearby communities.  Construction Camp Facilities: Lack of proper infrastructure facilities , such as housing, water supply and sanitation facilities will increase pressure on the local services and generate substandard living conditions and health Construction camp hazards; management  Disposal of waste: Improper management of waste can become heath hazards to the workers and the surrounding communities;  Health and Hygiene: There will be a potential for diseases to be transmitted including malaria, exacerbated by inadequate health and safety practices. There will be an increased risk of work crews spreading sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS; and  Safety: Inadequate safety facilities to the construction camps may create security problems and fire hazards.

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EA for NARI Project

Issue Potential Environmental Impacts

 Issues related to the use of Child and pregnant labor;  Accidents: Lack of first aid facilities and health care facilities in the immediate vicinity will aggravate the health conditions of the victims;  Construction Camps: lack of proper infrastructure facilities, such as housing, water supply and sanitation facilities will increase pressure on Occupational health and the local services and generate substandard living standards and health safety hazards;  Water and sanitation facilities at the construction sites: lack of Water sanitation facilities at construction sites causing inconvenience to the construction workers and affect their personal hygiene;  Trainings: lack of awareness and basic knowledge in health care among the construction workforce, make them susceptible to potential diseases. Operational Stage (Common for all 3 Sites)

Drainage congestion  Local drainage system may get clogged due to improper management of Solid waste, sewerage and other dust and materials Air and soil pollutions and will affect H&S of female workers; Solid waste generation and  Cause diseases; disposal  Public health, reduction of aesthetic value and odour; and  Disease vector proliferation and sanitary problems. Prohibition of water uses for intended purposes; and Sewage waste   Causes water borne diseases. Occupational health and  Female trainers may face OHS related problems. safety of the trainer, trainee and other management Staff

6 Environmental Management Plan

6.1 Possible Mitigation Measures

To avoid and minimize the impacts resulting from the activities of the project, measures and management plans, which are essential to mitigate the impacts discussed above, have been proposed. These are based upon appropriate technical design, improvements or adjustments, and policy initiatives including good site operational practices etc. The overall strategy has the following aspects:

 Impact avoidance: Changing project design and construction methods to avoid impacts;

 Impact minimization: Where impacts cannot be avoided, implementing mitigation measures to reduce the impact to acceptable levels; and

 Enhancements: Measures, which at insignificant cost to the project, give appreciable environmental, social or developmental benefits.

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EA for NARI Project

The mitigation plan has been recommended to highlight the action procedures to avoid/minimize/control the impacts arising out of different project phases, i.e. pre-construction, construction and operation. The plan is elaborately described in this report.

6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan

In accordance with the EMP, an environmental monitoring plan has been developed and presented. The contract documents will contain a listing of all required monitoring measures and a time frame for the compliance monitoring of these activities. The monitoring will comprise surveillance to check whether the contractor is meeting the provisions of the contract during construction and operation of the Project including the responsible agencies for implementation and supervision.

6.3 Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Development

List of various key institutions and their roles and responsibilities for implementation of EMPs are given in the chapter for capacity building.

A special organizational setup is proposed for NARI project: A Project Coordination Unit (PCU) under Project Implementation Unit (PIU) has been set up to handle and preparation of three PIU-Field Offices namely; PIU- Dhaka EPZ (1), PIU- Ishwardi EPZ (2) and PIU- Karnaphuli EPZ (3). These PIU units are responsible for developing and managing the NARI project.

6.4 Environmental Monitoring Cost

The total cost for implementation of the monitoring is estimated as USD 120,597 for the 3 sites during construction and operation phases of the project.

7 Analysis of Alternatives

Due to land scarcity in the country, seeking alternative sites for establishing DTC areas near the EPZ is quite difficult. Also, land acquisition is a lengthy and complex procedure under the existing Land Acquisition Law of Bangladesh. In addition, the project‟s conceptual development over alternative sites is quite difficult because delay in overall land acquisition process might create social conflicts and risks to the project. These sites have been selected by BEPZA on their land and done all general layout planning. To avoid and minimize the impacts resulting from the activities of the project, EPZ authority is expected to design and adopt appropriate technological designs, improvements or adjustments, practices including good site operational practices and applicable EMPs, etc. The overall strategy shall follow the following sequence:

 Impact avoidance and minimization;

 Adequate compensation where impacts are unavoidable; and

 Enhancement Measures such as employment benefit enhancement measures.

8 Public Consultation

As per the requirements of World Bank guidelines, public consultation (such as focus group discussions, stakeholders‟ consultations and individual consultations) were undertaken to seek opinions and suggestions

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EA for NARI Project from various stakeholders that will provide inputs required to designing, construction and other implementation related issues of all three sites of DTC.

The consultation program had three components:

 Identification of key stakeholders and group of people for FGDs;

 Consultation with all key stakeholders and focus groups ; and

 Public access to the outcome of the EA process and further information about the project.

9 Conclusions

The EA studied the environmental baseline conditions for the DTC sites of DEPZ, IEPZ and KEPZ in addition to assess potential impacts. The EA revealed that there will be both negative impacts (mainly temporary during pre construction and construction phases) and positive impacts (during construction and operation phases) of the project. No land acquisition (LA) are required for all the 3 DTC sites, as the lands identified belongs to BEPZA, as well as for improving access roads connecting the 3 DTC sites prior to starting construction.

Implementation of appropriate mitigation measures during preconstruction, construction, and operation phases will minimize the negative impacts of the project to acceptable levels. To ensure that these mitigation measures are implemented and negative impacts avoided, the measures will be included in the contract documents of the project with adequate monitoring and supervision in place.

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EA for NARI Project

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The SMEC (BD) in association with Enviro-Consultants Ltd. (ECL) has been engaged by the Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority (BEPZA) to undertake the consultancy services for the preparation of Environmental Assessment (EA) including Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Social Impact Assessment (SIA) for the Northern Areas Poverty Reduction Initiative (NARI) projects. The BEPZA proposed to construct multi-storey dormitories and training centers (DTC) under NARI project for incoming poor and vulnerable female workers in or nearby their three Export Processing Zones (EPZ) in Dhaka, Pabna and Chittagong Districts with the financial assistance of World bank (WB) (Figure 1.1).

A total of eight EPZs including Dhaka EPZ (DEPZ) at Savar UZ in Dhaka District, Adamjee EPZ (AEPZ) in Narayanganj District, Chittagong EPZ (CEPZ) and Karnaphully EPZ (KEPZ) in Chittagong District, Ishwardi EPZ (IEPZ) in Pabna District, Comilla EPZ (CEPZ) in Comilla District, Uttara EPZ (UEPZ) in Nilphamari District and Mongla EPZ (MEPZ) in Khulna District are found in Bangladesh. In addition to these, there are also two proposed EPZs in Bangladesh and these are Feni EPZ (FEPZ) in Feni District and Gazaria EPZ (GEPZ) in Munshiganj District. Three sites have been selected to benefit from the project including DEPZ, IEPZ and KEPZ. The DTC buildings will be constructed within 5 acres of land at each selected site. Along with the DTC buildings, other necessary facilities such as internal roads, drains, playground for outdoor games, fences, walls, water, gas and power supplies, sanitation facilities, and solid waste disposal bins also need to be developed in all the 3 DTC sites. The structural design of the DTC buildings and other facilities are being carried out by the BEPZA while the architectural planning and design of the DTC sites and review of detailed design are being done by the Medway Consultancy Services (UK) limited (MCS).

According to the Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR), 1997 of the Department of Environment (DoE), Bangladesh, construction of a multi-storey building is considered under the “Orange B” category. The DoE defines more than 9 -storey building as a multi-storey building. In addition, the SRO No 117/2008 of Bangladesh Gazette waives the site clearance requirement in the EPZ areas (Ref.1). Since the proposed dormitories and the training centers will not exceed the above limits, DoE, Bangladesh environmental clearance certificate will not be applicable. However, according to WB OP/BP 4.01, construction of a new building is considered as “Category B”. Therefore the WB requires an Environmental Assessment (EA ) for the project to ensure that the project is environmentally sound and sustainable.

Construction of DTC buildings along with other facilities in the DTC sites of DEPZ, KEPZ and IEPZ involve a considerable amount of construction activities which have both negative and positive impacts on the environment. This report proposes actions to mitigate the negative environmental impacts and enhance the positive environmental impacts and to obtain clearance certificate from the local authority, with the overall aim to make the project environmentally friendly.

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Figure 1.1: Bangladesh map showing the DTC site in DEPZ, IEPZ and KEPZ

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1.2 Objectives

The overall objectives of EA for the development of the 3 DTC sites under the NARI project are:

 establish the environmental baseline in the study area, and identify any significant environmental and social issues/impacts;  assess these impacts and provide suitable measures to address the negative impacts through avoidance, mitigation and compensation measures;  integrate the environmental requirements in the project planning and design; and  develop appropriate EMP for implementing, monitoring and reporting of the recommended environmental mitigation and enhancement measures. 1.3 Scope of Works

Scope of works of EA for the development of the 3 DTC sites under the NARI project are as follows:

a) Review of existing information (relevant all documents); b) Provide a full description of the project (such as project location, layout, components, construction materials, etc.); c) Provide a description of the environment (such as baseline data on physical, biological and socioeconomic characteristics of the DTC sites along with area of influence); d) Analysis of alternatives to the proposed project; e) Address occupational health and safety (H & S) requirements; f) Identify relevant stakeholders to be consulted during preconstruction, construction and operation phases of the project; g) Design and conduct a public consultation programme in accordance with provisions of WB OP 4.01 and in collaboration with BEPZA; h) Ensure that all provisions of GOB and WB applicable policies are complied with, i) Devise a mitigation plan for all project-related impacts; j) Prepare EA in accordance with the WB Safeguard Policies; k) Development of an Environmental Management Plan; and l) Assess BEPZA‟s institutional capacity to executive and monitor the EMP and recommend necessary institutional capacity building including additional professional for environmental Management.

1.4 Methodology

1.4.1 General

The EA has been carried out for the project following the steps as given below:

 Review of relevant documents;  Environmental requirements of WB and GOB;  Collection and analysis of baseline information on environment;  Public consultations (such as Stakeholders, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and individual interviews); and  Identification/screening of potential environmental impacts using checklists.

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1.4.2 Baseline Data/Information Collection

The baseline data on physical, biological and socio-cultural status of the project influence areas have been collected through secondary and primary sources.

1.4.3 Secondary Data

The secondary data have been collected on the following environmental parameters:

a) Physical Environment (General geology and topography of the project area):  Soil; and  Climate and meteorology. b) Socio-cultural Environment:  Population;  Land use pattern;  Education;  Income source and expenditure;  Settlements History at project site;  Utility services existence/ usage;  Socio-health impacts ( if any);  Diseases aspects;  Skill prevalence ( if any);  Gender equity; and  Vulnerable women group information. Secondary data have been collected from various sources such as from relevant documents and concerned organizations such as DoE, FD, BMD, BWDB, WB, LGED, BEPZA, library, etc.

1.4.4 Primary Data Collection

The primary data have been collected through environmental quality survey (EQS), field investigations, questionnaire surveys, interviews with local people, stakeholders consultations and focus group discussions (FGDs) to establish baseline condition of the 3 sites by the 3 field coordinators and 3 local enumerator (1 field coordinator and 1 enumerator at each site) during 22-26 August and 04-10 September, 15 September-01 October 2010. All members of the project team have visited the sites and the data collection programs were monitored by the field coordinators. The primary data have been collected on the following environmental components/parameters:

a) Physical Environment  Drainage Congestion/ Hydrology/Flooding. b) Biological Environment  Tree to be removed; and  Wildlife. c) Social Environment  Historical and cultural loss in and close proximity of project sites;

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 Access road facilities and traffic;  Health and safety; and  Land use. d) Environmental Quality Survey The Environmental Quality Survey (EQS) has been carried out for the following parameters: i. Air Quality Air quality measurement has been carried out by the Adroit Environment Consultants Ltd at the proposed DTC site of DEPZ on 01 October 2010, DTC site of IEPZ on 29 September and DTC site of KEPZ on 26 September 2010. Air quality measurements have been taken for the following parameters: suspended particular matter (SPM), Sulfur oxide (SOX) and Nitrogen oxide (NOX). ii. Noise Level Noise quality measurements have been carried out by the laboratory of State University of Bangladesh (SUB) at each site. iii. Ground /Drinking Water Quality Sampling of ground /drinking water has been carried out by the Laboratory of SUB from the proposed three sites and testing parameters included: pH, Manganese (Mn), Arsenic (As), Iron (Fe), Chloride as Residual Chlorine (Cl), Fecal Coliform (FC) and Total Coliform (TC). Samples have been collected from Deep Tube- Wells ( DTWs). iv. Surface Water Quality Sampling of Surface water quality has been carried out by the SUB from a pond which is located at about 15m far away from the DTC site of IEPZ, which is the only site that has surface water in the vicinity. Testing parameters included: pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Oil and Grease. v. Soil Quality Soil quality has been carried out to identify presence of heavy metals for the parameters: Mercury (Hg), Zinc (Zn); Arsenic (As) and Lead (Pb). Samples have been collected from about 1m below the top soil layer.

1.4.5 Public Consultations

The Public Consultations have been conducted based on World Bank OP 4.01 and in collaboration with BEPZA with the following group of people:

▪ Stakeholder Consultations with BEPZA Roads and Highway Department (RHD), Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Rural Electrification Board (REB) and Non- Governmental organizations (NGO); ▪ Individual Interviews (local people); and ▪ FGDs (BEPZA, local government, female and male workers, people living near the EPZ, vulnerable and poor women and local small businessmen).

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1.4.6 Identification of Potential Environmental Impacts and Assessment

Considering the World Bank and DoE guidelines, identification of environment impacts during preconstruction, construction and operation of each project site has been done using a Checklist. Based on the Checklist and collected data from secondary and primary sources and public consultations, EA has been prepared.

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2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

Regulatory requirements toward protection and conservation of environment and various environmental resources and also toward protection of social environment from adverse impact of projects and activities associated with them have been enunciated by the GoB as well as the WB and pertinent policies and regulations among these requirements are summarized as given below:

2.1 GoB Environmental Policy, Regulations, and Guidelines

2.1.1 National Environmental Policy, 1992

Bangladesh has adopted a national environmental policy in 1992 aimed at sustainable development. The policy sets out the basic framework for environmental action together with a set of broad sectoral guidelines to ensure environmental sustainability during development. Key elements of the policy are to:

a) maintain the ecological balance for ensuring sustainable development; b) protect the country against natural disasters; c) identify and control activities which are polluting and destroying the environment; d) ensure environment-friendly development in all sectors; e) promote sustainable and sound management of natural resources; and f) active collaboration with international initiatives related to the environment.

The policy mentions that Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) should be conducted before projects are undertaken.

2.1.2 National Environment Management Action Plan, 1995

The National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP) builds on the National Environmental Policy and was developed to address specific issues and management requirements for the period 1995-2005. The plan includes a framework within which the recommendations of a National Conservation Strategy are to be implemented. NEMAP has been developed with the objectives to:

a) identify key environmental issues affecting Bangladesh; b) identify actions to halt or reduce the rate of environmental degradation; c) improve management of the natural environment; d) conserve and protect habitats and bio-diversity; e) to promote sustainable development; and f) improve the quality of life.

To this end, it has grouped all the relevant necessary actions under four topics: institutional, sectoral, location- specific and long-term issues. The institutional aspects reflect the need of inter-sectoral cooperation to tackle environmental problems and need for new and appropriate institutional mechanisms at national and local levels. The sectoral aspects reflect the way the ministries and agencies are organized with recommended actions. The location-specific aspects focus on particularly acute environmental problems at local levels that need to be addressed on a priority basis. The long-term issues include environmental degradation at a degree that might become more serious and threatening if appropriate actions are not taken immediately.

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2.1.3 Environment Conservation Act, 1995

This Act authorizes the DoE to undertake any activity to conserve and enhance the quality of environment and to control, prevent and mitigate pollution. The DoE is the regulatory body and enforcement agency of all environmental related activities. The act includes amongst others the following:

 Declaration of Ecologically Critical Areas;  Procedure for obtaining Environmental Clearance Certificates;  Regulation with respect to vehicles emitting smoke harmful for the environment;  Environmental regulations for development activities;  Standards for quality of air, water, noise, and soils for different areas and for different purposes;  Acceptable limits for discharging and emitting waste; and  Formulation of environmental guidelines to control and mitigate environmental pollution, conservation and improvement of environment. 2.1.4 Environment Conservation Rules, 1997

The Environment Conservation Rules provides a first set of rules under the Environment Conservation Act, 1995. These provide amongst others standards and guidelines for:

 Categorization of industries and development projects on the basis of actual and anticipated pollution load;  Requirements for undertaking Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), as well as formulating an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) according to categories of industries/development projects/activities;  Procedure for obtaining environmental clearance; and  Environmental quality standards for air, surface water, groundwater, drinking water, industrial effluents, emissions, noise and vehicular exhausts.

Depending upon location, size and severity of pollution loads, projects/activities have been classified in ECR, 1997 into four categories: Green, Orange A, Orange B and Red covering no impacts, minor, medium and severe impacts on important environmental components (IECs) respectively. Corresponding categories of building projects are based on:

 Orange B Category; and  Item 08: include construction of hotel/multistory commercial and apartment building.

2.1.5 The EIA Guidelines for Industry, 1997

The EIA Guidelines is a handbook for procedures for preparing the EIA and for reviewing them for the benefit of the development partners, EIA Consultants, reviewers, and academics. While preparing these guidelines, the present environmental status as well as the need for rapid economic development of Bangladesh has been kept in view. These considerations have essentially resulted in simpler procedures to be followed for preparing the EIA and their review.

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2.1.6 Relevant Other National Polices

Table 2.1 presents an outline of the other national legal instruments that will have relevance to the proposed DTCs with respect to the social and environment considerations. The EIA is prepared in compliance with these national policies.

Table 2.1: National Legal Instruments

Act/Rule/Law/Ordinance Responsible Agency- Key Features-Potential Applicability Ministry/Authority Environment Court Act, 2000 Ministry of  GOB has given highest priority to and subsequent Environment and amendments in 2002 Forest environment pollution and passed ‘Environment Court Act, 2000 for completing environment related legal proceedings effectively

The National Water Policy, Ministry of Water  Protection, restoration and enhancement of 1999 Resources water resources;

 Protection of water quality, including strengthening regulations concerning agro- chemicals and industrial effluent;  Sanitation and potable water;  Fish and fisheries; and  Participation of local communities in all water sector development.

The Brick Burning (Control) Ministry of  Control of brick burning; Act, 1989 Environment and The Brick Burning (Control) Forest  Requires a license from the MoEF for Amendment Act, 1992 and operation; and 2001  Restricts brick burning with fuel wood. Water Supply and Sanitation Ministry of Local  Management and Control of water supply Act, 1996 Government, Rural Development and and sanitation in urban areas. Cooperatives Bangladesh Labour Law, Ministry of Labor  This Act pertains to the occupational rights and 2006 safety of factory workers and the provision of a comfortable working environment and reasonable working conditions. National Land use Policy, Ministry of Land  The policy deals with land uses for several 2001 purposes including agriculture (crop production, fishery and livestock), housing, forestry, industrialization, railways and roads, tea and rubber. The plan basically identifies land use constraints in all these sectors.

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2.2 World Bank Environmental Policies

2.2.1 Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP 4.01)

The World Bank requires an EA for all projects proposed for Bank financing, in order to ensure that these projects are environmentally sound and sustainable. The proposed project is classified as Category B, because of the scope of the expected impacts from construction and operation.

2.2.2 Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines

The Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines of IFC are safeguard guidelines for environment, health and safety for development of industrial projects. They contain performance levels and measures that are considered to be achievable in new facilities at reasonable costs using existing technologies.

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3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Type of the Project

The Project will develop 3 DTC sites of 3 EPZs with common infrastructure facilities and other environmental management facilities in order to maintain the DTC sites in a sustainable and hygienic manner. These facilities will include the following:

 Common amenities like playground for outdoor games, internal roads, tree plantation areas, etc.;  Storm water drainage;  Water supply system;  Sewerage connecting toilets and waste water;  Solid waste management;  Power supply;  Gas supply;  Telecommunication; and  H&S measures.

3.2 Location of the DTC Sites

As mentioned earlier, 3 DTC sites are located close proximity of the DEPZ, IEPZ and KEPZ in Dhaka, Chittagong and Pabna District respectively (Figure 1.1).The location and details of the proposed each DTC site are shown in the following Table 3.1

Table 3.1: Location and Details of the Proposed DTC Sites

DTC Sites Coordinates Area Vill./Ward Union/Ward Upazila/Thana District (approx. acres (Sub-district) distance from (sq.m) EPZ) DEPZ 24.616N 5 Vill.:Bhadail Damsona Savar Dhaka (2.00km) 89.226E (20,243)

IEPZ 22.161N 5 Vill.: Civilhat Sara Ishwardi Pabna (1.00km) 91.464E (20,243)

KEPZ (1.50km) 23.571N 5 Ward: Ward No.40 Patenga Chittagang 90.226E (20,243) Khezurtola

Source: BEPZA and Field survey

The above locations of DTC have been selected based on the following criteria as mentioned by the engineers of DEPZ, KEPZ and IEPZ during visits to their offices in August and September 2010:

a) DTC sites should be in or close proximity to the EPZ area; b) DTC sites should be less fertile agricultural land without homesteads and trees; c) DTC sites should be close to the road communication network; and d) DTC sites should have reasonable access to the local market/bazaar.

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3.3 Description of the DTC Sites

3.3.1 DTC Site of DEPZ

The proposed DTC site of DEPZ is located at about 2km away from the DEPZ (nearby Vadail Bazar) at Village: Vadail, Union: Dhamshona, UZ: Savar and District: Dhaka (Figure 3.1).

Total area of the proposed DTC site is about 5 acres (20,243 sq.m) which will accommodate the dormitory and training centre. The DTC site is empty with no structures but it is protected by 2m high RCC concrete wall with steel gate. The land of the DTC site is flat and flood free.

The proposed DTC site is located in a densely populated area. It is surrounded by Bhadail Road (LGED Road) at its west side, Sreepur Road (LGED) at south side, agriculture land at east side and homestead at north side (Figure 3.2). The land belongs to BEPZA. The proposed DTC site is connected with the Jamuna Access Road (Highway) and Ashulia to DEPZ (Bypile) Road (Highway) through 6.0m wide HBB cum bituminous pavement and earthen rural road of LGED. The layout plan for the proposed facilities and land use in the proposed DTC site are presented in the following Figure 3.3 and Table 3.2. Some photographs of the proposed DTC site are shown in Figure 3.4A and 3.4B.

Table 3.2: Proposed Facilities and Land use in DTC of DEPZ

SL. # Land use Area (ha) Remarks 1 no. 4-story building with provision of another 2 stories on the 1 Dormitory Building 6174.96 top in the future (Phase-I). Provision of another 6-story building in future (Phase –II) Training Centre 1 no. 2-story building with provision of another 2 stories on the 2 1418.24 Building top in future. Tree plantation will be done along the internal roads, Tree Plantation 3 3945.42 surrounding of the empty lands and along the inside boundary Area wall. 4 Empty Land Area 7198.17 Empty land areas will be covered by grass and flowers Internal Roads Roads should be bituminous paved with V shaped drains on 5 along with road 1300.57 both sides. side drains Vehicle Parking Parking area should have tin or concrete shed and wall at 3 6 123.83 Area sides. Outdoor Game 7 81.81 Playing ground for outdoor recreational purpose Area

 1 Acre = 4048 Square Meter (sq. m)

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Figure 3.1: Location Map of Proposed DTC at DEPZ

Source: Banglapedia and LGED Map

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Figure 3.2: Land Use and Road Network in the Vicinity of DTC site, DEPZ

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Figure 3.3: Land Use and Road Network in the Vicinity of DTC site, DEPZ

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Figure 3.4.A: Gate of DTC site, DEPZ Figure 3.4.B: Part of DTC area of DEPZ

3.3.2 DTC of IEPZ

The proposed DTC of IEPZ is located at Village: Civilhat, Union: Sara, UZ: Ishwardi and District: Pabna (Figure 3.5). This site is located at about 2km far away from the mighty Ganges River. The Ganges is stable at this area.

The proposed site for the construction of the proposed DTC is located at about 1 km far away from the IEPZ and adjacent to the residential area of IEPZ. This site is empty without any structures. Topography of the site is high land and flood free. Total area for the proposed site is about 5 acres (20,243 sq.m*). Boundary wall between residential area of IEPZ and proposed DTC site needs to be built. The DTC site at east, north and west sides is enclosed by 2m height RCC concrete wall and 0.5m high grill net on the concrete wall. Presently, there is no entry gate other than main gate of the residential area of the IEPZ. The proposed gate for the entry of the DTC of IEPZ will be located at the North-west side (Figure 3.6 and 3.7). A box culvert (1.5mx1.5m) needs to be constructed on the earthen drainage canal (1.5m wide and 1.5m deep) in front of the proposed gate. At south side of the DTC, there is a pond with an area about 1 acre and is located at about 15m away from the DTC site. An earthen drainage canal runs parallel to the LGED road and boundary wall of the DTC site. A (3x2) m existing box culvert (BC) is located on the LGED road cum rail embankment. Storm water from the residential area of IEPZ including DTC area is draining through the canal and culvert. This proposed BC will connect the DTC with the LGED cum rail embankment and will act as entry access for the DTC site. The proposed facilities and land use in the proposed DTC are presented in the following Figure 3.7 and Table 3.3. Some photographs of this site are shown in Figure 3.8.

**  1 Acre = 4048 Square Meter (sq. m)

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Table 3.3: Proposed Facilities and Land use in DTC, IEPZ

SL.# Land use Area (ha) Remarks Dormitory Area 6164.96 1 no. 4-stoy building with provision of another 2 stories on 1 the top in future (Phase-I). Provision of another 6-story building in future (Phase –II) Training Centre 1418.24 1 no. 2-story building with provision of another 2 stories in 2 Area future. Tree Plantation 1610.00 Tree plantation will be done along the sides of the internal 3 Area roads, surrounding of the empty land and along the inside of the boundary wall. 4 Empty Land Area 9733.43 Empty land areas will be covered by grasses and flowers. Internal Roads 1171.36 Roads should be bituminous paved along with V shaped 5 along with drains drain at both sides. Vehicle Parking 135.01 Parking area should have tin or concrete shed and wall at 3 6 Area sides. Outdoor game 81.81 For outdoor recreational facilities 7 (Badminton)

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Figure 3.5: Location Map of Proposed DTC at IEPZ

Source: Banglapedia and LGED

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Figure 3.6: Land Use and Road Network in the Vicinity of DTC site, IEPZ

Source: SMEC AutoCAD Division and Field Survey

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Figure 3.7: Site layout Plan of DTC site, IEPZ

Source: SMEC AutoCAD Division and Field Survey

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Figure 3.8: Photograph of DTC area and earthen drainage canal of IEPZ

3.3.3 DTC of KEPZ

The proposed DTC site is located at about 1km far away from the KEPZ and 0.5km far away from the north Patenga sea shore at Village: Khezurtola, Ward: 40, Thana: Patenga and District: Chittagong (Figure 3.9). The site is mainly surrounded by agricultural lands. The proposed DTC site is adjacent to joint colonies of GEM, TSP, ECL and HCBL at the east side, coastal earth embankment at the west side, Narikel Tala village at the north side and Khezur Tola Road at the south side (Figure 3.10). Out of a total of 8.44 acres of land that belongs to KEPZ, 5 acres (20,243 sq.m) are allocated for the proposed DTC. The DTC site is demarcated by some concrete pillars. The proposed DTC site has been leased to a local farmer who used this land for agricultural purposes. The leased period ended on 30th March 2010. This has been confirmed by Mr. Manna, the farmer and Mr. Sobhani, Xen, KEPZ engineer.

The proposed DTC site is connected with the Patenga Road by 2km long and 7m wide bituminous road which is blocked at end with brick boundary wall that needs to be demolished. In order to provide access to the sites, the KEPZ has taken approval from CDDL for removing this wall. Another 1km long and 3.5m wide Haring Bone Road/Brick Placing Road (HBB road) from the coastal embankment also connects with the DTC site. From these 2 access roads, the first access road is in a relatively good condition. The proposed facilities and land use in the proposed DTC are presented in the following Figure 3.11 and Table 3.4. Some photographs of this DTC site are presented in Figure 3.12 A and 3.12 B respectively.

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Table 3.4: Proposed Facilities and Land use in DTC, KEPZ

SL. No Land use Area (ha) Remarks 1 no. 4-story building with provision of another 2 stories on the Dormitory 1 6174.96 top in future (Phase-I). Provision of another 6-story building in Area future (Phase –II) Training 1 no. 2-story building with provision of another 2 stories in 2 1418.24 Centre Area future. Tree Tree plantation will be done along the internal roads, 3 Plantation 1736.00 surrounding of the empty lands and along the inside boundary Area wall. Empty Land 4 9156.08 Empty land areas will be covered by grasses and flowers. Area Roads should be bituminous paved along with V shaped drain 5 Internal Roads 1546.11 at both sides. 6 Vehicle Parking area should have tin or concrete shed and wall at 3 129.66 Parking Area sides. 7 Outdoor Games Area 81.81 For outdoor recreational purpose (Badminton)

3.4 Project Components

The project components as part of the construction activities are as follows:

1. Training Centre building (1 no. 2-story building at each DTC site); 2. Dormitory building (1 no. 4 story building at each DTC site); 3. Play ground for outdoor games; 4. Internal road access; 5. Water supply from ground water source; 6. Electricity; 7. Gas; 8. Telephone; 9. Drainage facilities; 10. Tree plantation; 11. Solid waste management; 12. Vehicle parking; 13. Waste dumping area; 14. Outdoor games (Badminton etc.); 15. Security; and 16. RCC or brick concrete boundary fence (for DTC of KEPZ and IEPZ). Ground and first floor of the dormitory and training centre are shown in Annex- 3.1 to 3.4.

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Figure 3.9: Location Map of Proposed DTC at KEPZ

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Figure 3.10: Land Use and Road Network in the Vicinity of DTC site, KEPZ

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Figure 3.11: Site Layout Plan of DTC of IEPZ

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Figure 3.12.A: Brick Wall across the Figure 3.12.B: Part of DTC site of KEPZ Access Road of DTC, KEPZ

3.5 Project Activities

The following are the main project activities during different phases:

 Activities during pre-construction of the project:

1. Site survey; 2. Soil investigations; 3. Architectural planning and design; 4. Structural design; 5. Environmental and social studies; 6. Clearing of vegetations (trees from DTC site of KEPZ); and 7. Shifting of utilities (REB electric lines at DTC of DEPZ).

 Activities during construction of the project:

1. Drilling and pilling works; 2. Earthworks; 3. Construction of training centre buildings; 4. Construction of dormitory buildings; 5. Internal access road construction; 6. Road side construction; 7. Gas, electricity and telephone lines installations; 8. Water and Sanitation facilities; 9. Outdoor games facilities construction (Badminton, Volley ball etc.); 10. Clearing the construction wastes; and 11. EMP implementation and monitoring.

 Activities during operation of the project:

1. Landscape/Tree plantation; 2. Maintenance works; 3. H&S monitoring; and 4. Security.

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3.6 The DTC Planning and Design Norms

Improper design of DTC buildings and other associated facilities will create environmental hazards in the DTC site. Hence the following basic planning and design norms will be adopted for the DTC site development (BNBC 1993):

 Distance between two consecutive buildings must have minimum of 3m (1.5m from each building) space to ensure proper lighting and ventilation;  Safe drinking water as specified in DoE, EQS for all buildings: Water requirement for each person is <120 litre per day for urban areas (Bangladesh norms). Source of drinking water will be mainly groundwater. In addition to main water supply, 1 additional hand tube well is proposed for each DTC site;  Hygienic sanitation facilities for all 3 DTC buildings: A common septic tank with soak well system will be provided and connected to toilets of DTC buildings through underground PVC pipelines. The design will consider filter media up to 4.5m depth, which is sufficient to absorb all pollutants including microbes;  Good external and internal road access;  Power facilities for whole DTC site;  Adequate drainage facilities: For designing of adequate drainage, peak rainfall intensity and non- silting velocity are considered as more than 130mm/hour and more than 0.6m/sec, respectively to facilitate flow in drains;  Well managed waste collection and disposal system: There will be system of collection and storing of waste in separate container/bin/basket. Inorganic wastes (plastic can, papers, glasses, etc.) will be sold. Organic waste will be dumped in the concrete waste box/chamber for sending nearest designated waste dumping site of municipality/city corporation;  Health, safety and security for all: For health and safety, good quality drinking water, (e.g., As<0.05mg/l, Mn<0.1 mg/l, Fe>0.3<1.0 mg/l), sanitation and waste management will be provided. Health facilities will be established in each DTC. For security, concrete wall with minimum 2m height, night lights and security guards will be provided.  Seismic Design: The designs of all buildings in the DTC site are taking Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) provision of seismic design into consideration. 3.7 Implementation Schedule

Construction activities of the DTC is planned to commence from June 2011 and construction period will be about 1.5years according to BEPZA.

3.8 Materials Used for Construction

The construction of the project will require a considerable quantities of construction materials of various types and quantities. A list of major materials required is presented in Table 3.5. Local sources will be used as much as possible. Apart from the construction materials, electricity, telecommunication and internet services, office equipments, etc. will be required. These services will be also sought from local sources. Electricity in the construction and associated sites will be provided by nearest local substations of the Rural Electrification Board (REB)/Power Development Board (PDB). Fuels (octane/diesel/CNG) for vehicles and for other equipments (generators, pile driving equipments, etc.) will be one of the major resources required. Fuel will be made available from the local fuel supply network.

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Table 3.5 - List of materials and their sources

Materials DTC, DEPZ DTC, IEPZ DTC, KEPZ Surface Water Not available Pond Not available Supply water from KEPZ Ground Water DTW IEPZ Residential Area Water Treatment Plant Local REB supply. Local REB supply. Local REB supply. Diesel Diesel will be procured Diesel will be procured will be procured from from local fuel supply from local fuel supply Energy local fuel supply network network (About 2 km on network (4km far away (About 3km far away on Ashulia – Nabinagar on Pabna-Ishwardi Patenga Road). Road). Highway). Local sand from Padma Local sand from Bangshi Local sand from River (about 2km from River and sylhet sand Karnaphuli River and DTC); sylhet sands from Sylhet District (from Sylhet sands from Sylhet Sand from Sylhet District designated areas, District (from designated (from designated areas, approved by the local areas, approved by the approved by the local authority). local authority). authority). Cement UZ: Kaliganj, Gazipur. Ishwardi UZ. Pabna. Chittagong City. Mirpur, Dhaka and Village Sara, Union: Thana: Karnaphuli Bricks Konabari, Gazipur. Sara, UZ: Ishwardi. Bandar UZ: Bhola , Sylhet UZ: Bhola , Sylhet District or Sherpur District or Panchagarh UZ: Bhola, Sylhet District Stones/Boulders District (commercial District. (Commercial (commercial suppliers). suppliers). suppliers). Reinforcement Kusthia or Pabna Dhaka Chittagong, (RCC) Towns Dhaka (commercial UZ: Ishwardi Chittagong,(commercial Wood suppliers). (commercial suppliers). suppliers). Dhaka (commercial UZ: Ishwardi Chittagong, (commercial Bamboo suppliers). (commercial suppliers). suppliers). Faridpur & Tangail Noakhali and Comilla Labour Pabna District Districts Districts

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4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

4.1 General

This chapter provides details of the baseline conditions of the physical, biological, and socio-economic environments existing in the project areas. Data for this chapter were collected from:

 Secondary Sources: This included data from literature reviews, maps and monitoring reports; and  Primary Sources: This included gathering information from field surveys, laboratory analysis and public consultations in the project area.

4.2 DTC of DEPZ

4.2.1 Project Influence Area

According to the DOE guideline, the Project Influence Area (PIA) has to be 1 km radius of the development of the DTC site. The PIA for the proposed DTC site of DEPZ was confined within a radius of 0.5 km from the center of the development site since the nature of the project is such that most of the potential impacts are likely to occur within this area. However, certain aspects were investigated beyond the PAI. For example, the approach road from the project area which is about 2.0 km from the Jamuna Access Road (Highway) at DEPZ bus station and about 3 km from the Ashulia – Bypile Highway at Zamgar Market was investigated to cover the entire length of the road. General information of a larger area gathered from secondary sources has also been reviewed to put the project area in a comparative perspective (Figure 3.2).

The PIA of this site comprises of two villages (Vadail and PobnerTek). It is a semi urban and densely populated area. It situated within the Dhamshona Union in Savar Upazilla under Dhaka District.

Land use in the immediate vicinity of the project area is mainly semi-urban. The settlements near the project area are relatively densely populated. The distance of surrounding important features from the site is stated in the following Table 4.1.

Table 4.1: Important Features of the Project Influence Area in accordance with Distance

SL Places/Areas Direction Distance (Km) Features/ Remarks No. 1 Vadail Village South-West Adjacent Settlement SBE, EHS 2 Pobner Tek Village North-East Adjacent Settlement SBE, EHS 3 Jamuna Access Road East 2.0 Highway Road 4 Tongi Bypail Road South-East 2.5 Highway Road 5 Fantasy Kingdom-Theme Park South-East 2.75 Settlement SBE 6 Ashulia Police Station South 3.5 EHS 7 Mosque West Adjacent EHS 8 DEPZ Industrial Area (1&2) West 2.0 Industrial Area 9 Fire Service Station West 2.0 EHS 10 Zia Clinic West 1.5 EHS 11 Primary School South west 1.5 EHS 12 Atomic Energy Commission- West 1.5 EHS Bangladesh Complex 13 EPZ Bus-stand West 2.0 SBE

Note: All directions are in reference to the CEE site. HH- Households, SBE- Small Business Enterprise, EHS- Environmental Hotspots (mosque, madrasa, school and college).

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4.2.2 Physical Environment

Following sections describe the major features of physical environment of the project site and PIA. Information were gathered on the existing physical environment related to climate, geology, topography, soils, hydrology and drainage, surface water and ground water quality, air quality and noise quality. 4.2.2.1 Topography

The overall topography of the Savar UZ is undulated. But the DTC area is flat. The lands in this UZ are usually high and flood free. No water bodies are located in and close to the DTC site. The main features of this site are grassland and internal access roads. The ground elevation of the project site is 25m (PWD) (Graphosman,1996). 4.2.2.2 Geology and Soil Quality

The lands in the Savar upazila are composed of alluvium soil of the Pleistocene period. The southern part of the Upazila is composed of alluvium soil of the Bangshi and Dhalashwari Rivers. Main rivers found within the area are: Bangshi, Turag, Buriganga and Karnatali. The area forms the southern part of the Madhupur Pleistocene uplands. The land surface of the area is elevated where the height of the lands gradually increases from the east to the west.. The upper terrace is known as chala and the intersecting low land is called baid. The soil of the tract has developed largely on Madhupur clays which are nutrient-poor and somewhat acidic (Banglapedia, 2001). They are red or brown in color. In Bangladesh, 21 different general soil types have been categorized based on the diagnostic horizons and diagnostic properties of the soil (FAO- UNDP, 1988). According to this classification, soil type of the project area is defined under Non-calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain soil (BARC, 2005) (Figure 4.2).

Soil investigation was carried out by the Figure 4.1: Collection of Soil Sample inside the primary sample collection from the project Proposed DTC Site of DEPZ site (Figure 4.1) and was analyzed in the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka. Soil samples were collected from the site to a depth of 1m. Test results of heavy metal concentration are depicted in Table 4.2. Based on the findings of the soil quality results, it can be concluded that the quality of soil in the project site is good for the proposed usage. The values of heavy metals, i.e. Hg, Zn, As and Pb are well within the permissible limits as compared to EU Directives 86/278/EEC for land Application. The soil sample is free from Mercury and Arsenic as there is no industries that produce such chemicals within the PIA area.

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Table 4.2 Soil Quality Results in the Proposed DTC Site of DEPZ

Date Location Mercury (Hg) Zinc (Zn) Arsenic (As) Lead (Pb) mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg Inside the project 0 52.6 0 16.3 boundary 14.09.2010 EU Directives 86/278/EEC for 0 4000 0 1200 land Application

Source: Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, September 2010.

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Figure 4.2: Proposed DTC Site of DEPZ, IEPZ and KEPZ in the “Agro-ecological Zone of Bangladesh”

Source: www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/A_0079.HTM

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4.2.2.3 Climate

The climate of Bangladesh is heavily influenced by Asiatic monsoon. The monsoonal influence results in three distinct seasons: . Pre-monsoon hot season (from March to May); . Rainy monsoon season (from June to September); and . Cool dry winter season (from October to February).

Several climatic zones occur within Bangladesh. The project area falls under the South-central zone where rainfall is above 1,900mm and temperature range is comparatively milder (Rashid, 1977). Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) climatic station is located closest to the project area, which is approximately 15km away from project location. The climatic data have been collected for the period of 2005 to 2008 from BMD.  Temperature

The monthly average temperature as recorded at the DEPZ is depicted in Figure 4.3. December and January are the coldest months with average monthly temperature of about 18°C, while April to September are the hottest months with an average monthly temperatures ranging from 28 to 300°C. The maximum average temperature in Dhaka is 38.5°C and minimum is 9.6°C.

Figure 4.3: Mean Monthly Temperatures (oC) 2005-2008

Sources: Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD)

 Rainfall

The mean monthly rainfall for the rainfall station in closest proximity to the project area, Dhaka, is shown in Figure 4.4. Annual rainfall of Dhaka varied from 1,991 to 2,885 mm during the years from 2004 to 2008. Generally, June to September is the rainfall season. July is the wettest month with monthly rainfall of 331 to 753 mm in Dhaka and December is the driest period with almost no rainfall. Maximum daily rainfall recorded is 190 mm (September 2008).

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Figure 4.4: Average Monthly Rainfall (mm) 2005-2008

Sources: Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD)

 Humidity

Annual average relative humidity in Dhaka is 73%. Generally, all months have days with a monthly maximum humidity of more than 94%. The lowest daily humidity recorded is 6% in Dhaka. The average maximum and minimum humidity data for the Dhaka weather monitoring station is presented in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3: Maximum and Minimum Monthly Humidity (%), 2005-2008

Year/ 2005 2006 2007 2008 Month Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Jan 97 28 100 21 100 20 98 25 Feb 97 17 98 15 100 23 96 13 Mar 98 18 96 6 96 14 95 28 April 94 27 96 28 95 32 94 23 May 98 44 98 40 98 33 96 37 June 98 46 99 57 98 52 98 51 July 99 57 98 55 99 55 98 61 Aug 97 55 95 52 98 50 97 57 Sept 98 52 99 51 98 42 98 53 Oct 98 34 98 38 98 31 98 32 Nov 98 32 95 26 99 35 97 29 Dec 98 24 97 29 98 28 99 33

Sources: Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD)

 Wind

Maximum wind speed and direction recorded in Dhaka station for the years 2005-2008 are given in Table 4.5. The wind direction in Dhaka station is generally towards to south-east direction. Maximum wind speed recorded in Dhaka is 22 knots in the eastern direction (October 2007).

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Table 4.4: Maximum Wind Speed and Direction (Knots), 2005-2008

Year/ 2005 2006 2007 2008 Month Speed, Degree Speed, Degree Speed, Degree Speed, Degree knots knots knots knots Jan 9 320 10 300 6 310 9 360 Feb 12 300 10 230 7 50 8 90 Mar 9 180 20 330 9 310 20 270 April 13 130 10 130 10 50 18 270 May 15 360 15 270 12 270 18 90 June 14 270 8 130 10 360 12 90 July 12 120 5 90 9 90 10 90 Aug 10 130 9 130 10 130 9 130 Sept 12 130 12 130 12 130 9 130 Oct 10 90 8 180 22 90 18 50 Nov 7 360 5 230 20 50 6 360 Dec 7 330 4 360 6 320 6 270

Sources: Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD)

4.2.2.4 Air Pollution

Ambient air quality measurements are essential to provide a description of the existing conditions or the baseline against which changes can be measured and to assist in the determination of potential impacts of the proposed DTC construction on air quality.

The Department of Environment (Dhaka Division) does not have any records on regular air quality for ambient condition or emission levels for the project area. During field survey no particular problem with air quality was noticed. Apparently good air quality is attributed to the fact that there are no large industrial installations near the project site that could serve as major sources of air pollutants. Generally air pollution sources in the project area consists of road dust, black smoke from diesel engine vehicles, construction dust, domestic heating and cooking.

The locations for air quality sampling were selected on the basis of power availability of the equipment and areas which likely to represent baseline condition (Figure 4.5). Air samples were collected from inside the project site boundary for a standard continuous 8-hour run using pre-calibrated High Volume Sampler (APM 415) (Table 4.5).

Table 4.5 Air Quality Testing Procedure

Parameters Testing Procedures SPM Gravimetric method using High Volume Sampler NOx Absorption in dilute Sodium Arsenic Solution

SO2 Absorption in Potassium tetrachloromercurate solution

Test results are illustrated in Table 4.6. According to the ambient air quality test results, it can be summarized that the ambient air quality is quite good in the project area. The value of SPM is higher than the standard limit of ECR‟97 of DoE. It could be the resultant due to the semi urban condition of the surrounding environment and the road dust which is high during dry season. However, SO2 and NOx are well within the permissible

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Figure 4.5: Air Quality Monitoring in the Proposed DTC Site of DEPZ

Table 4.6: Air Quality Monitoring Results in the Proposed DTC of DEPZ Area Ambient air pollution concentration in micro gram/cusec Sampling Location meter. SPM SO2 NOx Inside the Project Boundary 542 43.5 67.4 Bangladesh Environmental Quality 200 80 80 Standard ECR‟97 for Residential Area2 Sampling Duration (hours 8hrs 8hrs 8hrs Method of Analysis Gravimetric Gravimetric West-Geake

Note: Air Quality tests performed by Adroit Environmental Consultant Ltd, Mohammadpur, Dhaka, October 2010.

4.2.2.5 Noise Pollution

Ten noise-monitoring sites were selected to undertake noise monitoring to characterize existing noise environment around the proposed project site. Noise level readings and any unusual local noise sources were recorded. Measurements were taken instantly on site using Noise level meters (LUTRON SL-4010) during the day (6am-9pm) (Figure 4.6). The meter was calibrated before and after each set of readings.

The background noise level at the project area is low, due to absence of heavy industries, large urban development or other significant noise sources.

Figure 4.6: Noise Quality Monitoring in the Proposed DTC of DEPZ

2 According to ECR‟97 (residential and rural category area)

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Table 4.7 summarizes the measured ambient noise levels at each monitoring location. The noise level found in the area is higher than the standard limit of ECR‟97 (subsequent amendment in 2006). The ambient noise level is higher in every case. The project area falls into residential area zone according to Bangladesh Environmental Quality Standard ECR‟97 categorization. But within the project land the noise in higher than the standard value because of the surrounding semi urban environment and the on-going construction of road in front of the proposed DTC site. So the labour / worker and other machineries make the ambient noise higher. Table 4.7: Noise Level Parameter in and around the Proposed DTC of DEPZ

Sampling Location Zone (according to Noise Level Bangladesh Remarks Environmental Quality dB (A) Environmental Standard 1997 and Quality Standard subsequent ECR’97 at day amendment in 2006 ) Time dB (A) Inside the boundary High Project site/ Residential 64.7 55 wall- North Inside the boundary High Project site/ Residential 68.3 55 wall- South Inside the boundary High Project site/ Residential 64.9 55 wall-West Inside the boundary High Project site/ Residential 62.5 55 wall- east Approach Road side High (adjacent to the Mixed 72.6 60 boundary wall) Homestead (50m High Residential 70.6 55 distance from site) Shops (50 m distance High Mixed 74.2 60 from site) (Jamuna Access Road) Commercial 86.3 70 High DEPZ gate area Industrial 81.4 75 High Pobnar-tek Primary High Silent 65.9 50 School

Note: Noise Quality tests performed by the Department of Environmental Science, SUB, October 2010.

4.2.2.6 Water Resource

 Surface Water

There are no surface water resources in the PIA area of the DEPZ.  Ground Water Potential and Quality

In 1993, Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) first detected arsenic in hand tube wells (HTWs) and arsenic contamination has become one of the most pressing environmental issues in Bangladesh. The World Health Organization has defined the tolerance limit of arsenic for drinking water as 0.01mg/L, while the Bangladesh standard for arsenic in drinking water is 0.05mg/L. The arsenic content of the project site is 0.02mg/L which is within the Bangladesh Standards (0.05mg/l). Manually operated hand pumps and power driven tube wells extract groundwater from a depth of approximately 180 to 200 feet. A study of the ground water potential was carried out as part of the hydro-geological assessment.

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In September 2009, Groundwater samples were collected by SMEC from shallow tube wells in the project area. The samples were analysed by the Department of Environmental Science Lab at State University of Bangladesh. The result of the groundwater field samples and the GoB standards for potable water (ECR, 1997) are shown in Table 4.8. The concentration levels of pH, Alkanity, Mn, As, Fe, Ammonium Nitrate, total hardness, Chloride, Fecal Coliform and Total Coliform for tube well were found within the acceptable limit set by the DOE, GoB for drinking water. According to the overall water quality data, good quality and quantity of ground water is available in and around the project site.

Table 4.8: Ground Water Quality

Date : 14.09.2010 Location of water collection: Vadail Bazaar tube well, proposed DTC area of DEPZ Tube-well depth: 180 feet SL # Parameter Unit Result in DTC, Bangladesh DEPZ Environmental Quality Standard , ECR’97 1. pH - 7.2 6.5-8.5 2. Manganese, Mn mg/L 0 0.1 3. Arsenic, As mg/L 0.02 0.05 4. Iron, Fe mg/L 0.4 0.3-1 5. Ammonium Nitrogen, NH3-N mg/L 0.01 0.5 6. Total Hardness mg/L 290 200-500 7. Chlioride mg/L 300 150-600 8. Fecal Coliform, FC no/100ml 0 0 9. Total Coliform, TC no/100 ml 0 0

Source: Department of Environmental Science, SUB, October 2010.

4.2.2.7 Drainage and Sewerage Facility

Like other rural areas in Bangladesh, there are no structured drainage and sewerage facilities in the study area and as a result, during heavy rainfall drainage congestion and flooding is occurring in this area.

The storm water runoff process is influenced by the undulated highland characteristic of the study area. Storm water from highlands quickly accumulates in the adjoining ditches and gradually drains through low lying areas. 4.2.2.8 Road and Transport Facilities

Day by day traffic on Jamuna Access Road (Highway) is increasing. Traffic on the highway includes a steady stream of cars, buses, and various commercial trucks that are joined by local road traffic consisting of auto- rickshaws, pedal rickshaws and pedestrians. Local road network in the vicinity of DTC site of DEPZ is quite complex (Figure 3.2, Section 3). There are two major access roads to the DTC area from two different highways, namely Jamuna Access Road and Bypile – Ashulia Road.

DTC area is connected with about 2.0 km long first access road connecting to Jamuna Access Road (4 lane, 36 m wide) where DEPZ and Extension of DEPZ exist. The width of the access road varies from 5.0m to 6.5m. The access road that starts from EPZ bus stand of Jamuna Access Road (namely: EPZ Bus stands mor) to Vadail Bazaar is bituminous carpeted road. The width and length of this portion of the access road are 5.8-6.5m and 1.25km respectively. Then the road becomes narrower (5-6m) from Vadail Bazaar to DTC site (Figure 4.7). This part of the road is a damaged HBB road (0.8km long) (Figure 3.2).

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The second access road that starts from Jamgora mor (entrance from Bypile – Ashulia Highway) is located at south of the DTC area. Its length and average width are about 3km and 6m respectively. About 2.2km of the access road from Jamgora to Pobnertek is mixed HBB, average of 6m wide and bituminous carpeting and earthen (Figure3.2). From Pobnertek to DTC site, the road width is about 5.5m and length is about 0.7 Km. This 0.7km long road is HBB and presently under construction by LGED. The LGED, the owner of these access roads has started improvement of both access roads to the project site. No land acquisition is required for the access road improvement. Although the entire second access road is zigzag in shape, trucks move along this road frequently during day and night. Traffics on both the accesses include trucks, rickshaws, vans, cycles and cars. Traffic on the first access road is more than the traffic on the second access road, as the condition of the first access road is comparatively better and has a shorter distance to travel.

Figure 4.7 Existing Road Network for the Proposed DTC side of DEPZ

Photo: 1st Access Road, West Side of the DTC Photo: Narrow South Side Approach road of DTC

4.2.3 Biological Environment

The biological environment generally refers to flora and fauna, their present status, description and habitats based on the nature and type of the project activities. The status of the flora and fauna of the study area was determined by specific assessment of both the terrestrial and aquatic environments, review of literature relevant to the location, and identification of species through primary (transit walk, interviews) and secondary sources. At this particular site, due to lack of any surface water bodies, only terrestrial environment was studied. 4.2.3.1 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna

The proposed site is located on the highland and it is not in use. The surrounding area is also highland with mixed vegetation and crops. Crops cultivated in the surrounding land mainly include rice, rabi crops (winter crops) and homestead vegetables. A sizeable number of fruit trees with economic value have been observed in the PIA area. The fruit trees include jackfruit and mangoes. Considerable number of trees and bushes in the PIA site provide habitat for birds and some other animals. The composition of plant community includes low growing grasses, herbs, shrubs and trees. The data collected from the environmental reconnaissance survey suggests that the predominant species in the area are those of cultivated vegetables and trees. A detailed list of floral species found in the project area in Table 4.9.

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Table 4.9 List of Flora Species in the PIA

Scientific Name Local Name Family Habit Habitat Status Acacia aurculiformios Akasia Leguminosae Tree Roadside C Albizia procera Shilkoroi Leguminosae Tree Homestead C Areca catechu Shupari Arecaceae Tree Homestead C Artocarpus heterophyllus Kathal Moraceae Tree Homestead LC Averrhoa carambola Kamranga Averrhoaceae Tree Homestead C Axonopus compressus Ghash Poaceae Herb Road side C Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae Tree Homestead LC Basella alba Puishak Basellaceae Herb Homestead CU Benincasa hispida Chalkumra Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated CU Borassus flabellifer Tal Arecaceae Tree Roadside LC Capsicum annum Kachamorich Solanaceae Herb Cultivated CU Carica papaya Papey Caricaceae Tree Cultivated C Citrus aurantifolia Lebu Rutaceae Shrub Homestead C Cocos nucifera Narikal Arecaceae Tree Homestead C Cucurbita maxima Mishti kumra Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated CU Delonix regia Krishnachura Leguminosae Tree Homestead C Enhydra fluctuans Helencha Asteraceae Herb Wetland C Ixora coccinea Rongan Rubiaceae Shrub Homestead C Lablab purpureus Seem Leguminosae Herb Cultivated CU Lagenaria vulgaris Lao Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated C Lawsonia inermis Mendi Lythraceae Shrub Homestead LC Mangifera indica Aam Anacardiaceae Tree Homestead C Momordica charantia Korolla Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated CU Moringa oleifera Shajna Moringaceae Tree Homestead LC Musa sapientum Kola Musaceae Herb Cultivated C Oryza stiva Dhan Poaceae Herb Cultivated CU Psidium guajava Peyara Myrtaceae Tree Homestead LC Rottboellia protensa Barabati Poaceae Herb Fallow land CU Samanea saman Rain tree Leguminosae Tree Homestead LC Solanum melongena Begun Solanaceae Herb Homestead CU Syzygium cumini Jam Myrtaceae Tree Homestead C Tagetes patula Ganda Asteraceae Herb Homestead CU Tectona grandis Shegun Verbenaceae Tree Homestead LC Zizyphus mauritiana Boroi Rhamnaceae Tree Homestead LC

Note: C-Common, LC-Less Common, UC- Uncommon, CU-Cultivated

A number of avian species were observed in the area. These species are typical inhabitants of urban fringes and considered as common on both at local and regional levels. In addition to the avian species, the area is habitat to a variety of reptiles, mammals and invertebrates. These include fox, rodents, snakes, etc. A detailed list of faunal species found in the project area is presented in the Table 4.10 and 4.11.

Table 4.10 Locally Available Bird Species in the PIA

Local name Scientific name Observation Status (During Field Visit) Bou-Katha Kao Cuculus micropterus Paira Columba livia  Dushor Bok Ardea cinera  Pati kak Corvus splendens Bhat Shalik Acridotheres tristis 

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Charai Passer donesticus  Bhadi Hans Cairina scutulata 

Source: Field Survey

Table 4.11 List of Wildlife Species Found in the PIA

Group Local name (Common Scientific name Observation Status Name) (During Field Visit) Ram Kutta (Dog) Cuon alpinus  Badur (Bat) Pteropus giganteus Mammals Kathbiral (Squirrell) Ratufa bicolor Nengti Indur (Rat) Mus musculus  Biral (Cat) Filis domesticus  Reptiles Tik Tiki (Lizard) Hemidactylus flaviviridis  Amphibians Kuno Bang (Frog) Bufo melanostictus 

Source: Field Survey 4.2.3.2 Rare and Endangered Species

There are no rare or endangered species according to the IUCN Red Data Book found in the project area. 4.2.3.3 Sensitive/ Protected Areas

There is no sensitive /protected areas found in the PIA. 4.2.4 Socio-Economic Environment

4.2.4.1 Administration

Savar Thana was established in 1912 and was turned into an Upazila in 1983. This Upazila consists of one municipality, 9 wards, 11 union parishads, 175 mouzas, and 321 villages. 4.2.4.2 Population and Households

Following table reflects the population status of Savar Upazila and Dhamsona Union, under which the study area is located.

Table 4.12 Population Status of Savar Upazila and Dhamsona Union

Area Total Population Male (%) Female (%) Savar Upazila 602,860 54.73 45.27 Dhamshona Union 63,884 55.64 44.36 Dhamshona Union ( Surveyed) 51 50.98 49.02

Source: Population Census, 2001 and Field Survey, 2010

4.2.4.3 Literacy and Educational Institutions

Average literacy rate in Savar Upazila is 37.8%. Out of total population, male are 44.8% and female are 29.1%. Educational institutions in the area include 3 universities, 5 colleges, 5 schools/colleges, 38 high schools, 3 junior high schools, 16 madrasa, 88 government primary schools, 13 non-government primary school, 12 community school, 8 satellite schools, and 1 sports institute.

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4.2.4.4 Occupational Details

Data showed that the income group of Savar Upazilla is divided into 9 major groups while there are four major group identified by the study team in Dhamsona Union. Following table shows the distribution of income groups. Majority of the people in Savar Upazilla are into agriculture and in Dhamsona Union are in occupational category service.

Table 4.13 Occupational Status of Savar Upazila and Dhamsona Union

Groups by Occupation Savar Upazila Dhamsona Union (%) (Surveyed Results) Agriculture 24.34%, 0 Agricultural laborer 12.84%, 1.96 Wage laborer 4.44% 3.92 Business 17.35% 35 Service 20.68% 43 Transport 3.96% 10 cattle breeding, forestry and fishing 1.90% 0 Construction 1.66% 0 and others 11.46% 6 Source: Population Census, 2001 and Field Survey, 2010

4.2.4.5 Religion

In Savar Upazilla, the distribution of religious status goes as Muslims 88.598%, Hindus 10.41%, Christians 0.93%, Buddhists 0.03% and others 0.26% and ethnic nationals include Buno, Garo, Sangma and Barman. There are 318 Mosques and 8 temples found in Savar.

In Dhamsona union 96% people were found Muslim and rest 4% were Hindus religion (Field Survey September 2010). 4.2.4.6 Utility Services

The utility services found are given below: a) Water Supply and Sanitation

Water supply in the Vadail and Pobnertek villages is only through tube well fitted with hand pumps or electric pumps. There is no sewerage system in the Vadail and Pobnertek villages. All households have latrines with pucca (i.e. permanent structures as pit latrine). b) Solid Waste

There are no solid waste management facilities in the Vadail and Pobnertek areas. Generally household wastes are dumped in holes made on the ground and on homestead premises. There are no recycling activities found in the surrounding of the DTC of DEPZ as informed by the local people during field survey. c) Electricity

About 100% of the houses at Vadail and Pobnertek villages are connected to electricity by the Rural Electrification Board (REB) (Figure 4.8). All areas have REB electric lines along the road side. One REB 33KV electric line was observed to run across the DTC site, although the electric poles are located outside the project site. These electric lines have to be shifted outside the site.

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d) Gas Connection

The people in the area use TITAS gas connection for their cooking purposes.

Figure 4.8 Electricity Line Crosses over the Proposed DTC side of DEPZ

4.2.4.7 Public Health

People living around proposed DTC area get generally affected by water borne diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery, and other diseases like influenza, malaria, etc. Lack of adequate health facilities close to proposed DTC area, poor sanitation and improper hygienic practices are the major causes of these diseases. 4.2.4.8 Archaeological, Historical and Cultural Sites/Resources

According to the Department of Archaeology, Bangladesh, there are no places of historical and cultural importance, situated within or nearby the project site. 4.2.5 Environmental Risks

4.2.5.1 Flood

The project area is in a flood free zone (Figure 4.9). 4.2.5.2 Seismic Effects

Bangladesh is situated in one of the most tectonically active regions in the world. Here three major tectonic plates (the Indian Plate, the Tibet Sub-Plate, and the Burmese Sub-Plate) collide and thrust over each other. Earthquakes occur frequently in the wider region.

Bangladesh can be divided into three seismic zones, as described by the ranges of the seismic coefficient. Zone I is the most severe area for earthquake intensity and frequency and Zone III is the least severe (GSB, 1979). The project area falls within Zone II, which is comprised of the middle regions of Bangladesh with moderate seismic activity. The location of the project site, relative to the seismic zones is provided in Figure 4.10 (BNBC, 1993). Attention should be given to the design and operational aspects of the structures to make them safe from earthquake hazards. 4.2.5.3 Cyclone and Storms

The site is located in a cyclone and storm surges free zone (Figure 4.11). 4.2.5.4 Erosion

The project area is free from river erosion.

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Figure 4.9: Flood prone areas of Bangladesh

Source: Banglapedia

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Figure 4.10: Seismic Zones within Bangladesh

Source: Banglapedia

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Figure 4.11: Cyclone prone areas of Bangladesh

Source: Banglapedia

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4.3 DTC of IEPZ

4.3.1 Project Influence Area

The Project Influence Area comprises five villages (Civilhat, Saraghat, 5-no-Saragopalpur, Bagalea and Zuktitala) an access road (LGED) and a railway line from RHD road (Figure 3.6). The project influence area can be defined as a rural and sparsely populated area. It is part of the Pakshi Union of Ishwardi Upazilla under Pabna district.

The following Table 4.14 presents the features of the project influence area.

Table 4.14 Important Features of the Project Influence Area in accordance with Distance

SL No. Places/Areas Direction Distance(Km) Features/ Remarks 1 Saraghat Village West 1.0 HH, SBE, EHS 2 Civilhat Village North- East Adjacent -do- 3 5-no-Saragoplapur Village East 0.5 -do- 4 Zuktitala Village South 0.5 -do- 5 Bagalea Village East 0.25 -do- 6 IEPZ Industrial Area South- east 0.25 Industries 7 IEPZ Residential Area South Adjacent HH 8 Fire Service Station South-East 6.0/ Ishwardi Town EHS 9 Hospital East 4.5 / Ishwardi Town EHS 10 Govt. Office East 4.5 / Ishwardi Town EHS 11 Upazilla Parishad East 4.5 / Ishwardi Town EHS 12 Police Station East 4.5 / Ishwardi Town EHS 13 North Bangla Paper Mill South- East 0.25 Industry

Note: All directions are in reference to the CEE site HH- Households, SBE- Small Business Enterprise, EHS- Environmental Hotspots (mosque, madrasa, school, college)

4.3.2 Physical Environment

Following section describes the major features of physical environment of the project site. Information was gathered on the existing physical environment related to climate, geology, topography, soils, hydrology and drainage, surface water and ground water quality, air quality and noise quality. 4.3.2.1 Topography

Ishwardi UZ is located in the flood plains of the Ganges River. The overall topography of Ishwardi UZ is almost flat. The DTC area is also a flat land. The land in this UZ is relatively high and flood free during normal floods. A pond is located at about 15m from the DTC site. The other main features of this site include trees along the boundary walls. The ground elevation of the DTC area is 42 mPWD (Graphosman,1996). 4.3.2.2 Geology and Soil Quality

The region comprises the eastern half of the Ganges River Floodplain which is low-lying. The region has a typical meandering floodplain landscape with broad ridges and basins. Soil of the region is silt loams and silty clay loams on the ridges and silty clay loams to heavy clays on lower sites. According to FAO-UNDP (1988) classification, soil types predominantly include Calcareous Dark Grey and calcareous Brown Floodplain soils. Organic matter content is low in ridges and moderate in the basins. Soils are calcareous in nature having neutral to slightly alkaline pH. General fertility level is medium with high CEC and K status, and the Zn and B status is medium (BARC, 2005).

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Consultant took samples from 1 m depth inside the proposed DTC site to test the soil quality. The soil quality in the project site is quite good. As there are no industries around the proposed DTC site, no heavy metal contaminations in the soil were found. The levels of heavy metals, i.e. Hg, Zn, As and Pb are well within the permissible limits as compared to EU guideline. Test results are also shown in Table 4.15.

Table: 4.15: Soil Quality Results in DTC, IEPZ Area

Date Location Mercury (Hg) Zinc (Zn) Arsenic (As) Lead (Pb) mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg Inside the project 0 51.6 0 16.3 boundary 03.09.2010 EU Directives 86/278/EEC for land 0 4000 0 1200 Application Note: Soil Quality tests performed by the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, September 2010 4.3.2.3 Climate

The project area is situated within the North-western zone where rainfall is lower. The area experiences the sub-tropical monsoon climate typical to Bangladesh. The SW (South–West) monsoon dominates the rainy/summer season and NE (North-East) monsoon during the dry/winter season. All meteorological data were collected from the Ishwardi meteorological station.  Temperature

Monthly average maximum temperature in Ishwardi was 41.4oC in May which is the highest over the last five years and minimum average temperature was 5.5oC in January which is the lowest over the last five years at Ishwardi.

Though the days are shorter in December, the temperature generally continues to decrease in January. On the other hand, the temperature is highest in May but the day is not generally longest during this period. The monsoon usually lowers the temperature to a soothing level in June though the length of day tends to increase. The mean monthly and annual maximum and minimum temperatures of Ishwardi weather station are given in Figure 4.12 and 4.13.

Figure 4.12: Average Monthly Maximum Temperature (ºC) 2005-2009

Source: Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) Figure 4.13: Average Monthly Minimum Temperature (ºC) 2005-2009

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Source: Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD)

 Rainfall

There are four major seasons in the project area relative to the annual hydrological cycle that reflects the seasonal distribution of annual rainfall. The graph drawn with the data on rainfall depicts that rainfall gradually increases from April to July and decreases from August to February (Figure 4.14). The average annual rainfall in the area is about 1,292 mm in 2009. Six rainy months from May to October registered most (90- 94%) of the rainfall during the last five years (2005 to 2009). The post-monsoon, which is from November to December (Fall/Autumn), is warm and humid with unstable atmospheric conditions that induce local thunderstorms and cyclones from the Bay of Bengal and brings 9.98% of overall rainfall. The cool dry season from December to March (winter), is sunny with infrequent rainfall. The summer extends from March to May. The period January to April gets 8.07% of annual rainfall. This includes the pre-monsoon season, April-May (spring), which is hot and characterized by thunderstorms called Nor'westers, with heavy local rainfall and hail. Severe cyclones may affect in the area during the pre-and post-monsoon transitional periods.

Figure 4.14: Average Monthly and Yearly Rainfall (mm) 2005-2009

Source: Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD)

 Humidity

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Humidity levels are consistently very high during monsoon, and drop significantly for a relatively short period at the end of the dry season. The average monthly humidity data for the Ishwardi weather monitoring station is presented in Table 4.16.

Table 4.16: Average Monthly Humidity (%) data in the Year of 2005-2009

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual 2005 81 71 68 67 74 78 85 85 84 85 80 75 77 2006 77 72 61 71 76 83 84 84 85 81 77 77 77 2007 74 78 64 69 72 82 86 84 85 82 79 77 77 2008 80 74 72 69 73 84 87 85 84 83 77 84 79 2009 83 67 63 65 76 75 83 85 84 81 76 79 76

Note: N- North, S- South, E- East, W- West, NW-North West, SE- South-East Sources: Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD)  Wind

The monthly average wind speed and direction at Ishwardi Station for the Project site is given Table 4.17. The wind speed varies from month to month in the area. The wind speed was higher in the month of September and was lower in the months of August and January in the year of 2009.

Table 4.17 Average Monthly Wind Speed (m/s) and Direction in the Year of 2005-2009

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2005 3 4.2W 3.1S 3.5 3.6 3.3S 3.2S 2.4S 4.3E 2.2NE 2.4 2.6N NW S S E E N 2006 2.4 3.2W 2.8 2.8 3.3 2.8S 4.1S 4.1S 4.5S 2.2N 2N 2.2N NW W S S E E E W W 2007 2.4 2.6W 3W 2.9 2.7 3.2S 3.3S 3SE 3.6S 1.9Ne 2.2 2.2N NW S S E E E N W 2008 2.2 2.7N 2.6S 3.1 2.7 3.1S 1.9S 2.4S 3.3S 2.1N 2.4 1.6N NW W S S E E N 2009 1.9 N 2.4N 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.4S 3.2S 2.2S 3.3S 2.2N 2.1 2.1N W W S S E E W N W

Note: N- North, S- South, E- East, W- West, NW-North West, SE- South-East Sources: Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) 4.3.2.4 Air Quality

The main sources of air pollutant emissions in the project areas are windblown dust from agricultural lands, and emissions from domestic heating and cooking. Only small factories are located in the project area and it is predominantly non-urbanized. Therefore, air quality in the project area is relatively good, comparative to many other rural areas of Bangladesh. The consultants could not find any significant issues related to the air quality during their field investigation. The location for air quality assessment has been done inside the project boundary (Figure 4.15).

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Figure 4.15: Air Quality Monitoring at the Proposed DTC Site of IEPZ (adjacent to the guard room of the residential area)

The ambient air quality (AAQ) results have been illustrated in Table 4.18. The tests were performed by Adroit Environmental Consultant Ltd Company. From the result, it can be concluded that AAQ is good at the project site. Air quality measurement was done by the same method illustrated in section 4.2.2.3. According to the result, the air quality is quite good. The SPM level, SO2 and NOX levels are below the standards specified in ECR‟97 of DoE, GoB.

Table 4.18: Air Quality Results in the Proposed DTC, IEPZ Residential Area

Date Location SPM SO2 NOx (μg/m3) (μg/m3) (μg/m3) 29.09.2010 Inside the project boundary- 107 15.5 17.5 (predominant wind direction) Bangladesh Residential area 200 80 80 Environmental Quality Standard , ECR‟97 Sampling Duration - 8 hrs 8 hrs 8 Hrs

Note: Air Quality tests performed by Adroit Environmental Consultant Ltd, Mohammadpur, Dhaka, October 2010.

4.3.2.5 Noise Level

The background noise level at the project area is low, due to the absence of heavy industries, large urban development or other significant noise sources. Ten noise-monitoring sites were selected to undertake noise monitoring to characterize existing noise environment around the proposed project site (Figure 4.16).

Figure 4.16: Noise Quality Monitoring at Proposed Project Site and Surrounding Area

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Table 4.19 summarizes the measured ambient noise levels at each monitoring location. The noise level was found in the proposed DTC site of IEPZ is quite good. Inside the area, noise level is within the standard value. According to the Zone Category; in the mixed area (Ref: Environmental Quality Standard 1997 and subsequent amendment in 2006; mixed area means combination of residential and commercial or industrial area) and surrounding residential area, noise level is slightly higher than the standard value. The noise level inside the proposed DTC site of IEPZ was found 53.8 dB(A), 52.5 dB(A), 50.9 dB(A) and 54.7dB(A) in the North, South, West and East side boundaries which are below the Bangladesh Environmental Quality Standard of ECR‟97, which is55 dB(A).

Table 4.19 Noise Level Parameter in and around DTC, IEPZ

Sampling Location Zone (according to Noise Bangladesh Remarks Environmental Quality Level Environmental Standard 1997 and dB (A) Quality Standard , subsequent amendment ECR’97 in 2006 ) Inside the boundary Within the limit Project site/ residential 53.8 55 wall- North Inside the boundary Within the limit Project site/ residential 52.5 55 wall- South Inside the boundary Within the limit Project site/ residential 50.9 55 wall-West Inside the boundary Within the limit Project site/ residential 54.7 55 wall- east Approach Road side Slightly Higher (adjacent to the Mixed 64.8 60 boundary wall) Homestead (100m Slightly Higher Residential 62.5 55 distance from site) Shops (200 m Slightly Higher distance from site), Mixed 63.7 60 Taltala Mor Main road to the EPZ Commercial 68.4 70 Within the limit IEPZ gate Industrial 71.3 75 Within the limit Zuktitala Primary Slightly Higher Silent 52.3 50 School

Note: Noise Quality tests performed by the Department of Environmental Science, State University of Bangladesh

4.3.2.6 Water Resource

. Surface Water Hydrology

There is a pond just outside the proposed site (about 15 m away) (Figure 4.17). The pond area is about 1 acre. It contains water throughout the year (6m deep). The pond is currently used for bathing and fish culture. This pond is inside the IEPZ residential area. The water quality parameters of the pond are given in Table 4.20. The quality of pond water is good as the concentration of contaminants is low and suitable for fish culture.

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Figure 4.17: Pond Near to the Proposed DTC Site of IEPZ

Table 4.20 Surface Water Quality of DTC Site of IEPZ

Date : 04.09.2010 Location of water: Pond water of IEPZ SL Parameter Unit Result in DTC, Bangladesh Environmental World bank # IEPZ Quality Standard , ECR’97 Standard for for Water Use for Aquaculture Pisciculture 1. pH - 7.6 6.5-8.5 6.5-9.0 2. DO mg/L 8.2 6 or less 5 or above 3. BOD mg/L 2.45 2 or above 2-15 4. COD mg/L 17.2 - - 5. TDS mg/L 119 - - 6. Oil and Grease mg/L BDL - - 7. Fe mg/L 0.05 - -

Note: BDL- below detection level. Source: Department of Environmental Science, SUB, September 2010.

. Ground Water Potential and Quality

Ground water in and around the PIA of DTC, IEPZ area is quite good in quality. The people of that area use hand pumps and power driven tube wells to extract groundwater from a depth of approximately 80 to 100 feet.

In September 2009, Groundwater samples were collected by SMEC from tap water in the project area. The samples were analysed by the Department of Environmental Science lab at State University of Bangladesh. The result of the groundwater field samples and the GoB standards for potable water (ECR, 1997) are shown in Table 4.16. This water will be used for proposed DTC.

The concentration levels of pH, Alkanity, Mn. As, Fe, Ammonia Nitrate, total hardness, Chloride, Fecal Coliform and Total Coliform for tube well were found within the acceptable limits (as shown below Table 4.21).

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Table 4.21 Ground Water Quality

Date : 04.09.2010 Location of water collection: Supply water of the residential area of IEPZ Tube well depth: 180 feet SL# Parameter Unit Result in DTC, Environmental Quality IEPZ Standard 1997 1. pH - 7.1 6.5-8.5 2. Manganese, Mn mg/L 0 0.1 3. Arsenic, As mg/L 0.01 0.05 4. Iron, Fe mg/L 0.5 0.3-1 5. Ammonia Nitrate mg/L 0 0.5 6. Total Hardness mg/L 378 200-500 7. Chlioride mg/L 450 150-600 8. Fecal Coliform, FC n/100mL 0 0 9. Total Coliform, TC n/100mL 0 0

Source: Department of Environmental Science, SUB, September 2010.

4.3.2.7 Road and Transport Facilities

The proposed site for the DTC is located towards the north side of the residential area of the IEPZ (Figure 3.6). The IEPZ is located about 2km away from the mighty Padma River at the north side. The DTC site is connected with the Ishwardi-Pakshi National Highway by about 8m wide and about 4km long District Road under RHD from the east side. It is currently under construction, as the bituminous pavement needs to be constructed for this District Road. The present traffic on this road includes trucks, cars, tempo, rickshaws, rickshaw vans, cycles and motorcycles. The LGED, HBB road cum railway embankment (access road of DTC) runs from the District Road at north and west sides of the DTC site and connects with the DTC site. The length and width of this access road portion are about 0.5 km and 4.5m respectively. This HBB road has been damaged due to movement of heavily loaded trucks carrying sand from the Ganges River which needs to be improved. The IEPZ authority has confirmed that they will improve this road prior to the commencement of DTC construction.

Figure 4.18: Access Road and Drainage Canal in the Northern Side of the Proposed DTC site of IEPZ

4.3.2.8 Drainage Facility

The IEPZ authority has excavated an earthen drain on the east and north-western sides of the IEPZ residential area which is located adjacent to the proposed DTC site. The earthen drain is about 1.5m wide and

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1m depth. Storm water from the DTC area is drained out to the Ganges River through this earthen drain box culvert over the road cum railway embankment (Figure 4.18). 4.3.3 Biological Environment

The status of the flora and fauna of the project area was determined by specific assessment of both the terrestrial and aquatic environments, review of literature relevant to the location, and identification of species through primary (transit walks and interviews) and secondary sources. 4.3.3.1 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna

Medium sized trees such as mango, sil-koroi, shegun and meheguni are present along the boundary wall. There are 27 trees inside the proposed site of IEPZ which need not to be cut for construction purposes. The PIA area is highland with mixed vegetation. Crops cultivated at the surrounding area mainly include rice, rabi crops (winter crops) and homestead vegetables. A sizeable number of fruit trees with economic value have been observed in the PIA area including jackfruit and mangoes. Considerable number of trees and bushes in the PIA site provide habitats for birds and other animals. The composition of plant community includes low growing grasses, herbs, shrubs and trees. The data collected from the environmental reconnaissance survey suggests that the predominant species are those of cultivated vegetables and trees. A detailed list of floral species found in the project area is presented in Table 4.22.

Table 4.22 List of Flora Species in the PIA Area

Scientific Name Local Name Family Habit Habitat Status Acacia aurculiformios Akasia Leguminosae Tree Roadside C Aegle marmelos Bel Rutaceae Tree Homestead C Albizia procera Shilkoroi Leguminosae Tree Homestead C Albizia richardiana Gagan shirish Leguminosae Tree Homestead C Anthocephalus chinensis Kodam Rubiaceae Tree Roadside LC Aponogeton crispus Ghetu Aponogetonaceae Herb Wetland LC Areca catechu Shupari Arecaceae Tree Homestead C Artocarpus heterophyllus Kathal Moraceae Tree Homestead LC Averrhoa carambola Kamranga Averrhoaceae Tree Homestead C Axonopus compressus Ghash Poaceae Herb Road side C Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae Tree Homestead LC Barringtonia acutangula Hizol Lecythidaceae Tree Wetland C Basella alba Puishak Basellaceae Herb Homestead CU Benincasa hispida Chalkumra Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated C Bischofia javanica Kanjol Euphorbiaceae Tree Fallow land C Bombax ceiba Shimul Bombacaceae Herb Homestead LC Borassus flabellifer Tal Arecaceae Tree Roadside LC Brassica oleracea var. Phulkopi Cruciferae Herb Cultivated C botrytis Brassica Juncea Raisharigha Cruciferae Herb Fallow land LC Capsicum annum Kachamorich Solanaceae Herb Cultivated C Carica papaya Papey Caricaceae Tree Cultivated C Centella asiatica Thankuni Ammiaceae Herb Fallow land C Ceratophyllum demersum Jhajhi Ceratophyllaceae Herb Wetland C Citrus aurantifolia Lebu Rutaceae Shrub Homestead C Citrus grandis Jambura Rutaceae Tree Homestead C Coccinea cordifolia Telakucha Cucurbitaceae Herb Fallow land C Cocos nucifera Narikal Arecaceae Tree Homestead C Cucurbita maxima Mishti kumra Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated C

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Cuscuta reflexa Shornalata Convolvulaceae Herb Epophytic LC Cynodon dactylon Durba Poaceae Herb Road side C Cyperus difformis Behua Cyperaceae Herb Fallow land LC Dalbergia sisoo Sisso Leguminosae Tree Road side UC Delonix regia Krishnachura Leguminosae Tree Homestead C Elaeocarpus robustus Jolpai Elaeocarpaceae Tree Homestead LC Enhydra fluctuans Helencha Asteraceae Herb Wetland C Ficus benghalensis Bot Moraceae Tree Roadside LC Ficus hispida Dumur Moraceae Tree Roadside C Ficus religiosa Assawath Moraceae Tree Roadside LC Ixora coccinea Rongan Rubiaceae Shrub Homestead C Jussiaea repens Kesardam Onagraceae Herb Wetland C Lablab purpureus Sim Leguminosae Herb Cultivated C Lagenaria vulgaris Lao Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated C Lawsonia inermis Mendi Lythraceae Shrub Homestead LC Leersia hexandra Aroli Poaceae Herb Fallow land LC Leucaena leucocephala Ipil ipil Leguminosae Tree Roadside C Litchi chinensis Litchu Sapindaceae Tree Homestead LC Luffa cylindrica Dhundul Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated C Mangifera indica Aam Anacardiaceae Tree Homestead C Momordica charantia Korolla Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated C Moringa oleifera Shajna Moringaceae Tree Homestead LC Musa pradisiaca Kachakola Musaceae Herb Cultivated C Musa sapientum Kola Musaceae Herb Cultivated C Ocimum sanctum Tulshi Labiatae Herb Fallow land LC Oryza stiva Dhan Poaceae Herb Cultivated C Psidium guajava Peyara Myrtaceae Tree Homestead LC Ricinus communis Verenda Euphorbiaceae Shrub Roadside LC Rosa centifolia Golap Rosaceae Shrub Homestead C Rottboellia protensa Barajati Poaceae Herb Fallow land C Samanea saman Rain tree Leguminosae Tree Homestead LC Solanum melongena Begun Solanaceae Herb Homestead LC Spondias pinnata Amra Anacardiaceae Tree Homestead LC Syzygium cumini Jam Myrtaceae Tree Homestead C Tagetes patula Ganda Asteraceae Herb Homestead C Tamarindus indica Tetula Leguminosae Tree Homestead LC Tectona grandis Shegun Verbenaceae Tree Homestead LC Terminalia arjuna Arjun Combretaceae Tree Homestead LC Terminalia catappa Katbadam Combretaceae Tree Homestead C Tilanthera philoxeroides Helencha Compositae Herb Fallow land C Vetiveria zizanoides Bena Poaceae Herb Fallow land C Zizyphus mauritiana Boroi Rhamnaceae Tree Homestead LC

Note: C-Common, LC- Less Common, UC- Uncommon, CU- Cultivated

A number of avian species were also observed in the area. These species are typical inhabitants of urban fringes and are considered common in both local and regional levels. In addition to the avian species, the area is also habitat to a variety of reptiles, mammals and invertebrates. These include fox, rodents, snakes, etc. A detailed list of faunal species found in the project area is also presented in the Table 4.23 and 4.24

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Table 4.23 List of Locally Available Bird Species

SL. Local name Scientific name Observation Status (During Field Visit) No 1. Choto Machranga Alcedo athis  2. Tia Psittacula krameri 3. Paira Columba livia  4. Jongla Ghughu Streptopelia tranquebarica 5. Sada Bok Casmerodius albus  6. Pati kak Corvus splendens  7. Kalo Doyel Sanicoloides fulicafa  8. Bhat Shalik Acridotheres tristis  9. Charai Passer donesticus  10. Rashans Anser indicus  11. Bhubon Cheel Milvus migrans 12. Babui Ploceus philippinus  13. Bhadi Hans Cairina scutulata  Source: Field Survey

Table 4.24 List of Wildlife Species found in the Project Area

SL. No Local name Scientific name Observation Status (During Field Visit) Mammals 1. Ram Kutta Cuon alpinus  2. Kathbiral Ratufa bicolor  3. Bara Indur Bandicota indica  4. Nengti Indur Mus musculus  5. Biral Filis domesticus  Reptiles 6. Tik Tiki Hemidactylus flaviviridis  Amphibians 7. Kuno Bang Bufo melanostictus  Source: Field Survey 4.3.3.2 Rare and Endangered Species

There are no rare or endangered species found in the project area according to the IUCN Red Data Book. 4.3.3.3 Sensitive/ Protected Areas

There are no sensitive of protected areas demarcated in the PIA. 4.3.4 Socio-Economic Environment

4.3.4.1 Administration

Ishwardi Thana, now an upazila, was established in 1906. This Upazila consists of one municipality, three wards, seven union parishads, 150 mouzas and 113 villages (Ref: Banglapedia). Pakshi union falls under Ishwardi UZ. 4.3.4.2 Population and Households

Following table reflects the population status of Ishwardi Upazila and Saraghat Union, under which the study area is located (Table4.25).

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Table 4.25 Population Status of Ishwardi Upazila and Pakshi Union

Area Total Population Male (%) Female (%) Ishwardi UZ 236825 51.88 48.12 Pakshi Union 2124 54.66 45.34 S Pakshi Union 73 53.42 46.58 (Surveyed).

Source: Population Census, 2001 and Field Survey, 2010

4.3.4.3 Literacy and Educational Institutions

Average literacy rate in Ishwardi Upazila is 35.5%. Out of total population, male consist of 39.1% and females at 31.6%. Educational institutions include 7 colleges, 1 agricultural college, 1 vocational textile college, 1 non- government cadet college, 26 high schools, 7 girl's schools , 8 junior high schools, 1 vocational training institute, 1 agricultural training institute, 21 madrasa, 66 government primary schools, and 28 non-government primary schools.

In Pakshi union, 19% people has primary education, 33% self taught, 14% pass SSC or HSC level. (SMEC Survey team).

4.3.4.4 Occupational Details

Data revealed that the income group of Ishwardi UZ is divided into 8 major groups while there are four major group identified by the study team in Pakshi Union. Following table is showing the distribution of income group (Table 4.26). Table 4.26: Occupational Status of Ishwardi Upazila and Pakshi Union

Groups by Occupation Ishwardi Upazila (%) Pakshi Union (%) Agriculture 19.85 3.75 Agricultural laborer 17.11 - Wage laborer 7.43 10 Business 19.17 30 Service 17.79 6.25 Transport 2.64 2.5 hawker 2.13 0 and others 13.88 36.25 Unemployed 11.25 11.25

Source: Population Census, 2001 and Field Survey, 2010

4.3.4.5 Religion

There are 94.99% Muslims, 3.85% Hindus and 1.16% others religion people live in Ishwardi UZ. There are 210 Mosques, 12 temples, 3 churches, 1 pagoda found in Ishwardi UZ. In Pakshi Union 95% people are Muslim and rest 5% are Hindus religious (SMEC Survey Team). 4.3.4.6 Utility Services

The DTC of IEPZ project site is located in a semi-urban area and the utility services found are given below:

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a) Water Supply and Sanitation

Water supply in the Civilhat, Saraghat, 5-no-Saragopalpur, Bagalea and Zuktitala villagers is only through tube wells fitted with hand pumps or electric pumps. There is no sewerage system in the Civilhat, Saraghat, 5-no-Saragopalpur, Bagalea and Zuktitala villages. Most of the houses have latrines with Katcha (temporary/not well structured pit latrine) and pucca (permanent structures pit latrine). b) Solid Waste

There are no solid waste management facilities in the Civilhat, Saraghat, 5-no-Saragopalpur, Bagalea and Zuktitala areas. Generally household wastes are dumped in holes made on the ground and on homestead premises. c) Electricity

About 30% of the houses at Civilhat, Saraghat, 5-no-Saragopalpur, Bagalea and Zuktitala villages are connected to electricity by the Rural Electrification Board (REB). The surrounding area of the DTC of IEPZ area has been facilitated by REB electric connection. d) Gas Connection

The people of the villages use wood and fossil fuel (e.g. Kerosene) for their cooking purposes. But in IEPZ residential area, Western Gas Company Ltd. supplies gas. The Proposed DTC site will get a gas connection from this source. 4.3.4.7 Public Health

People living around proposed DTC area are generally affected by water borne diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery, influenza, malaria, etc. Lack of poor sanitation and improper hygienic practices are the major causes of these diseases. 4.3.4.8 Archeological, Historical and Cultural Sites/Resources

There are no places of historical and cultural importance, situated near the Ishwardi Upazila or within the project site as per the field visit. 4.3.5 Environmental Risks

4.3.5.1 Flooding

The project site is free from normal seasonal flooding as depicted in Figure 4.9. 4.3.5.2 Seismic Effects

Based on the zoning explained in Section 4.2.5.2 and Figure 4.10, the project area falls within Zone II, which is comprised of the middle regions of Bangladesh, and is moderately seismically active region in the country (BNBC, 1996). Attention should be given to the design and operational aspects of the structures to make them safe from earth quake hazards. 4.3.5.3 Cyclone and Storms

The site is located in a cyclone and storm surges free zone (Figure 4.11). 4.3.5.4 Erosion

The project area is free from river erosion. However, flooding of the road occurs during heavy local rainfalls.

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4.4 DTC of KEPZ

4.4.1 Project Influence Area

The Project Influence Area (PIA) comprises of areas as mentioned in Table 4.27. The PIA is semi urban. There is a densely populated area in east and south side, agricultural land and sea shore at the west and agricultural land at the north. The DTC site is located in the Ward No-40 (Patenga Thana) under Chittagong Development Authority (CDA) in Chittagong District.

The following Table 4.27 presents the features of the PIA.

Table 4.27: Important Features of the Project Influence Area in accordance with Distance

SL No. Areas/ Places Direction Distance Features/ Remarks 1. Khejurtala South Adjacent HH 2. Narikeltala North 1 Km HH 3. Mahajanghata East 1 Km HH, SBE 4. CDDL colony East-West Adjacent zoutho Abasik Elaka(Joint Residential Colony) 5. GEM colony East Adjacent Do 6. TSP Colony East-West Adjacent Do 7. ECL colony East Adjacent Do 8. HCBL colony East 500 m Do 9. RAB-7 colony East- West Do 10. School (Zoutho Abashik East-West Within CDDL EHS Colony primary school) Colony 11. Embankment West 1Km Embankment to prevent flooding by sea water in case of natural disaster 12. Sea Shore West 1.5 Km - 13. KEPZ East-West 1.25 Km Industrial Area 14. Naval Head Quarter North-East 2 km HH, SBE 15. Power grid Company East-West 1 Km EHS Ltd office and transformer

Note: All directions are in reference to the DTC of KEPZ site HH- Households, SBE- Small Business Enterprise, EHS- Environmental Hotspots (mosque, madrasa, school, college)

4.4.2 Physical Environment

The sub-sections below describe the major features of physical environment of the project site.

4.4.2.1 Topography

The overall topography of the Karnaphuli is undulated. But the DTC area is almost flat. The Karnaphuli Thana is enclosed by a coastal embankment. No water bodies are located within the DTC site. The main land use practice of the site in the past was agriculture. The ground elevation of the project area is 20 mPWD (Graphosman. 1996).

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4.4.2.2 Geology and Soil Quality

This PIA area is plain land in greater Chittagong district and the eastern part of Feni district. It is a compound unit of river, tidal and estuarine floodplain landscapes. The major problem in the soil of this area is high salinity during dry season (October to May). Grey silt loams and silty clay loam soils are predominant. Acid Sulphate soil which is potentially extremely acidic occurs in mangrove tidal floodplains. Non-calcareous Grey Floodplain soils, Non-calcareous Alluvium and Acid Sulphate soils are the major components of the General Soil Types of the area. Average fertility level of the soil is medium, and N and K are limiting. Status of S is high. Organic matter content is low to moderate and the status of Zn and B is medium (BARC, 2005) (Figure 4.2).

Soil samples from a depth of 1m of DTC of KEPZ were collected inside the project site (Figure 4.19) and were analysed in the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka. Test results are illustrated in Table 4.28. Based on the findings of the soil quality results, it can be concluded that the quality of soil in the project site is quite good. The values of heavy metals, i.e. Hg, Zn, As and Pb are well within the permissible limits as compared to EU guidelines.

Figure 4.19: Collection of Soil Samples

Table 4.28: Soil Quality Results in DTC, KEPZ Area

Date Location Mercury (Hg) Zinc (Zn) Arsenic (As) Lead (Pb) mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg Inside the project 0 32.8 10.7 0 boundary 18.09.2010 EU Directives 86/278/EEC for land 0 4000 0 1200 Application

Source: Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, September 2010.

4.4.2.3 Climate

The climate of the project area is sub-tropical. A hot and humid pre-monsoon from March to mid May, a prolonged southwest monsoon or rainy season from mid May to September, a pleasant post-monsoon or retreating monsoon from October to November and a cold pleasant winter from December to February are the characteristics of the general climate. Summer runs concurrently with the later part of the pre-monsoon

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The monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures as recorded at the Chittagong weather station are depicted in Figure 4.20 and Figure 4.21. The yearly average minimum temperature is 22.3º C and yearly average maximum temperature is 31.6º C based on five year monthly average temperature data.

Figure 4.20 Mean Monthly Maximum Temperatures (oC) 2004-2008

Source: Bangladesh Meteorological Department

Figure 4.21 Mean Monthly Minimum Temperatures (oC) 2004-2008

Source: Bangladesh Meteorological Department  Rainfall

The mean monthly rainfall for the rainfall station in closest proximity to the project area, Chittagong weather station, is shown in Figure 4.22. The total yearly rainfall (mm) readings were as 2819, 2375, 2440, 3885 and 3102 in the year of 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively. Highest monthly rainfalls usually occur during June-September period.

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Figure 4.22 Mean Monthly Rainfalls (mm) 2004-2008

Source: Bangladesh Meteorological Department  Humidity

Humidity levels are consistently very high during monsoons, and drop significantly for a relatively short period at the end of the dry season. Table 4.29 represents the monthly average relative humidity data at Chittagong in the year of 2004 to 2008. Average monthly humidity was highest in the month of July and August (87%), and the lowest in the month of February (66%).

Table 4.29 average monthly humidity (%) data in the in the 2004-2008

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2004 71 58 68 72 73 79 83 81 81 75 65 62 2005 64 64 74 69 71 78 82 85 80 78 71 72 2006 72 73 63 72 78 80 82 80 82 79 73 76 2007 74 69 59 75 76 79 87 77 84 79 80 73 2008 76 65 78 68 74 82 87 87 82 79 74 79

Source: Bangladesh Meteorological Department  Wind

Wind speeds are maximum in the early part of the monsoon, but drop substantially by the beginning of the dry season. Wind direction is mainly from North to Northwest during the dry season and from South to Southeast during the wet season. Table 4.30 & 4.31 shows the wind direction and Wind speed from 2005 to 2007 (July) in and around the project area.

Table 4.30 Maximum Wind Speed at Chittagong Weather Station

Month/Year 2005 2006 2007 January 7.1 8.4 5.6 February 8.4 7.0 8.4 March 16.8 8.4 10.5

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April 14.3 15.7 14.3 May 7.0 9.8 9.4 June 9.8 8.4 11.5 July 11.9 12.6 10.6 August 9.9 9.8 8.3 September 5.6 8.4 9.9 October 16.8 14.0 13.2 November 7.0 6.7 8.8 December 9.7 12.6 10.2 Source: Bangladesh Meteorological Department

Table 4.31 Prevailing Wind Direction at Chittagong Weather Station

Month/Year 2005 2006 2007 January North-west North North February North-west North-west North March West North North-west April West North-west West May South-west South South-west June West North West July North-west West West August West North North-west September West West North-west October West West West November West North-West North-west December North-west North-West North, North-west Source: Bangladesh Meteorological Department 4.4.2.4 Air Quality

In order to establish baseline air quality, monitoring program was undertaken at the project area (Figure 4.23). An eight hourly air samples were collected through high volume air sampler at Zoutho Abashik Colony,

Patenga at the proposed DTC site. Monitoring was done for SPM, SOX, and NOX and monitoring results are given in Table 4.32. The tests were performed by Adroit Environmental Consultant Ltd Company. All air quality parameters were found to be within acceptable standards.

Figure 4.23: Air Quality Monitoring at Project Site of DTC, KEPZ

Table 4.32 Air Quality Results in DTC, KEPZ Area Item Location SPM SOx NOx (μg/m3) (μg/m3) (μg/m3) Date: 29th September 2010 Inside the project boundary- 156 30.3 52.8 (predominant wind direction)

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Bangladesh Environmental Quality Residential area 200 80 80 Standard , ECR‟97 for residential area Sampling Duration - 8 hrs 8 hrs 8 hrs Source: Adroit Environmental Consultant Ltd Company, Mohammadpur, Dhaka. October 2010.

4.4.2.5 Noise Level

Table 4.33 summarizes the measured ambient noise levels at each monitoring location. The noise levels found in the proposed DTC area of KEPZ has been illustrated in the Table 4.33. Inside the proposed area the noise level is slightly high because of the surrounding colony. In the mixed zone (details in section 4.3.2.5), the noise level is higher than the standard of DOE guidelines. According to the result, all sides of the proposed DTC site boundary, the noise levels are below the Bangladesh Standard, ECR‟1997 (Table 4.33).

Figure 4.24: Noise Monitoring at Project Site of DTC, KEPZ

Table 4.33: Noise Level Parameter in and around DTC, KEPZ

Sampling Location Zone (according to Noise Bangladesh Remarks Environmental Quality Level Environmental Standard 1997 and dB (A) Quality Standard subsequent ECR’97 at day Time amendment in 2006 ) dB (A) Inside the boundary wall- North Project site/ residential 52.4 55 Within limit Inside the boundary wall- South Project site/ residential 56.3 55 Slightly high Inside the boundary wall-West Project site/ residential 51.5 55 Within limit Inside the boundary wall- east Project site/ residential 57.8 55 Slightly high Approach Road side Mixed 67.5 60 Slightly high Homestead (Adjacent of site) Residential 61.2 55 High Shops (50 m distance) Mixed 68.9 60 Slightly high Mahajanghat Commercial 73.7 70 Slightly high KEPZ gate Industrial 77.1 75 Slightly high School (near to the site CDDL Silent Slightly high 57.3 50 Primary School)

Note: Noise Quality tests performed by the Department of Environmental Science, State University of Bangladesh, October 2010.

4.4.2.6 Water Resource

 Surface Water Hydrology

There are no surface water resources in the PIA of the site.  Ground Water Potential and Quality

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Ground water is a major issue in the proposed DTC area of KEPZ. The ground water level is shallow (25-40 feet) but the water is high in salinity and iron content. The salinity is about 1.2 ppt which is above the limit of drinking water quality standard of GOB. Ground water sample from shallow tube well was collected from the Khezurtala village, (Figure 4.25) Western side of the proposed DTC of KEPZ in September 2009. As the source of drinking water will be from water treatment plant (WTP) of KEPZ, groundwater sample from shallow tube-well was also collected from tap water in the KEPZ office in October 2009. These samples were analysed by the Department of Environmental Science lab at State University of Bangladesh. Though the concentration levels of pH, Alkanity, Mn, As, Ammonium Nitrate, total hardness, Chloride, Fecal coliform, Total Coliform for tube well were found within the acceptable limit set by the DOE, GoB for potable water, Iron content was found to be quite high as well as the salinity (Table 4.34).

For this ground water problem, people in Figure 4.25: Collection of Water Sample at Project Site Zoutho Abashik Colony area are using Chittagong WASA water for drinking purpose. But the availability of the water is irregular. According to the consultation of the BEPZA, they will use water from the KEPZ water treatment plant (WTP). The water quality of the WTP of KEPZ is within the range of Bangladesh drinking water quality parameters, ECR‟97. (Table 4.34)

Table 4.34: Ground Water Quality

Date : 18.09.2010 Location of water collection: Khezurtala village, KEPZ Tube well depth: 180 feet SL# Parameter Unit Result in DTC, Environmental Quality DEPZ Standard 1997 1. pH - 7.7 6.5-8.5 2. Manganese, Mn mg/L 0 0.1 3. Arsenic, As mg/L 0.01 0.05 4. Iron, Fe mg/L 1.6 0.3-1 5. Ammonia Nitrate mg/L 0.01 0.5 6. Total Hardness mg/L 470 200-500 7. Chlioride mg/L 425 150-600 8. Fecal Coliform, FC no/100ml 0 0 9. Total Coliform, TC no/100ml 0 0 10. Salinity ppt 1.2 0

Source: Department of Environmental Science Lab., State University of Bangladesh, September, 2010 But the KEPZ supply water was good for drinking and other purpose. The Water test result depicted below (Table 4.35).

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Table 4.35: Water Quality of the Supply water of KEPZ

Date : 10.10.2010 Place of water collection: KEPZ Supply water SL# Parameter Unit Result in DTC, Environmental Quality DEPZ Standard 1997 1. pH - 7.1 6.5-8.5 2. Man ganese, Mn mg/L 0 0.1 3. Arsenic, As mg/L MDL 0.05 4. Iron, Fe mg/L 0.5 0.3-1 5. Ammonia Nitrate mg/L 0 0.5 6. Total Hardness mg/L 305 200-500 7. Chlioride mg/L 275 150-600 8. Fecal Coliform, FC no/100ml 0 0 9. Total Coliform, TC no/100ml 0 0 10. Salinity ppt 0 0 Source: Department of Environmental Science laboratory. State University of Bangladesh, October, 2010

4.4.2.7 Drainage and Sewerage Facility

The drainage network of any area is a very important in order to avoid water logging problems caused by the storm and sewage water. There is a combined open drainage system (1.22 m in wide) attached to the access road of the proposed DTC, KEPZ site which receives both storm and sewage water from the existing settlement (Zoutho Abashik Colony). This drain has been set up by CDA (Chittagong Development Authority) and is connected with another drainage line (15 m in width) (Figure 4.26) that meets with the sluice gate (Sluice gate no. SS-9) located at the coastal embankment which is currently not working properly.

Figure 4.26: Drainage system in Zoutho Abashik Colony

4.4.2.8 Road and Transport Facilities

Good and relatively shorter access road up to the project site is Zoutho Abashik Colony Road. It is a bituminous paved road and its overall condition is good for transportation. The access road is about 1 Km long and 7.0 m wide. The road connects to the Patenga road in the east at Mohajonghata and ends at CDDL colony in the west. A 1m wide and 1m deep RCC drain runs along the access road (Figure 4.26 and Figure 3.8). At the end of this road, there is a brick wall across the road which blocks the road (Photo). This brick wall needs to be dismantled to connect the DTC site with the Patenga road. The KEPZ authority has already settled this requirement with the authority of CDDL. From the brick wall about 150m long earth access road up to the DTC site needs to be constructed prior to commencement of construction of DTC buildings, but no land acquisition is required as confirmed by KEPZ. The transportation on this access road is mainly through rickshaws (three wheels man driven), bicycles, motorcycles, and staff buses. Traffic jams were not observed

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Figure 4.27: Blockage wall and Access Road in Zoutho Abashik Colony

Photo : Blockage brick wall to enter the DTC site of Photo: Access Road which runs up to the DTC site KEPZ of KEPZ

4.4.3 Biological Environment

The status of the biological resources of the project area was determined by field assessment of both the terrestrial and aquatic environments, review of literature relevant to the location, and identification of species through primary (transit walk, interviews) and secondary sources. 4.4.3.1 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna

The PIA is highland with mixed vegetation. Crops cultivated at the surrounding mainly include rice, rabi crops (winter crops) and homestead vegetables. A sizeable number of fruit trees with economic value have been observed in the PIA. The fruit trees include jackfruit and mangoes. Considerable number of trees and bushes in the PIA site provide habitat for birds and other animals. The composition of plant community includes low growing grasses, trees, herbs and shrubs. The data collected from the environmental reconnaissance survey suggests that the predominant species are those of cultivated vegetables and trees. A detailed list of floral species found in the project area is given in Table 4.36 to this report.

Table 4.36: List of Flora Available in the PIA of the DTC of KEPZ

Scientific Name Local Name Family Habit Habitat Status Acacia aurculiformios Akasia Leguminosae Tree Roadside C Albizia procera Shilkoroi Leguminosae Tree Homestead C Areca catechu Shupari Arecaceae Tree Homestead C Artocarpus heterophyllus Kathal Moraceae Tree Homestead LC Averrhoa carambola Kamranga Averrhoaceae Tree Homestead C Axonopus compressus Ghash Poaceae Herb Road side C Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae Tree Homestead LC Basella alba Puishak Basellaceae Herb Homestead CU Benincasa hispida Chalkumra Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated C Bischofia javanica Kanjol Euphorbiaceae Tree Fallow land C Borassus flabellifer Tal Arecaceae Tree Roadside LC Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Phulkopi Cruciferae Herb Cultivated C

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Capsicum annum Kachamorich Solanaceae Herb Cultivated C Carica papaya Papey Caricaceae Tree Cultivated C Centella asiatica Thankuni Ammiaceae Herb Fallow land C Citrus aurantifolia Lebu Rutaceae Shrub Homestead C Citrus grandis Jambura Rutaceae Tree Homestead C Coccinea cordifolia Telakucha Cucurbitaceae Herb Fallow land C Cocos nucifera Narikal Arecaceae Tree Homestead C Cucurbita maxima Mishti kumra Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated C Cuscuta reflexa Shornalata Convolvulaceae Herb Epophytic LC Cynodon dactylon Durba Poaceae Herb Road side C Cyperus difformis Behua Cyperaceae Herb Fallow land LC Dalbergia sisoo Sisso Leguminosae Tree Road side UC Delonix regia Krishnachura Leguminosae Tree Homestead C Ficus benghalensis Bot Moraceae Tree Roadside LC Ficus hispida Dumur Moraceae Tree Roadside C Ficus religiosa Assawath Moraceae Tree Roadside LC Ixora coccinea Rongan Rubiaceae Shrub Homestead C Lablab purpureus Seem Leguminosae Herb Cultivated C Lagenaria vulgaris Lao Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated C Lawsonia inermis Mendi Lythraceae Shrub Homestead LC Leucaena leucocephala Ipil ipil Leguminosae Tree Roadside C Luffa cylindrica Dhundul Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated C Mangifera indica Aam Anacardiaceae Tree Homestead C Momordica charantia Korolla Cucurbitaceae Herb Cultivated C Moringa oleifera Shajna Moringaceae Tree Homestead LC Musa sapientum Kola Musaceae Herb Cultivated C Ocimum sanctum Tulshi Labiatae Herb Fallow land LC Oryza stiva Dhan Poaceae Herb Cultivated C Psidium guajava Peyara Myrtaceae Tree Homestead LC Ricinus communis Verenda Euphorbiaceae Shrub Roadside LC Rosa centifolia Golap Rosaceae Shrub Homestead C Rottboellia protensa Barajati Poaceae Herb Fallow land C Samanea saman Rain tree Leguminosae Tree Homestead LC Solanum melongena Begun Solanaceae Herb Homestead LC Spondias pinnata Amra Anacardiaceae Tree Homestead LC Syzygium cumini Jam Myrtaceae Tree Homestead C Tagetes patula Ganda Asteraceae Herb Homestead C Tectona grandis Shegun Verbenaceae Tree Homestead LC Terminalia catappa Katbadam Combretaceae Tree Homestead C Tilanthera philoxeroides Helencha Compositae Herb Fallow land C Vetiveria zizanoides Bena Poaceae Herb Fallow land C Jhao Note: C-Common, LC- Less Common, UC- Uncommon, CU- Cultivated Source: Field level survey

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The proposed DTC site of KEPZ is a mixed vegetation land. The land was used for agricultural purpose in the past. It has been estimated that a total of 38 trees (32 medium and 6 large) need to be removed prior to commencement of site development (Table 4.37). Also for the development of the DTC access road owned by KEPZ authority (earthen part), a total of 87 trees (29 large, 18 medium and 40 banana trees) need to be removed (Table 4.38).

Table 4.37: Trees in the proposed DTC site, KEPZ

Name (Local/ Common) Scientific name Size Number Blackberry (Jam) Syzygium cumini Large 3 Badi/ Jiga Lannea grandis Medium 9 Badi/ Jiga Lannea grandis Medium 20 Shil Koroi Albizia procera Large 1 Boroi (Jujube) Zizyphus mauritiana Medium 3 Dumur Ficus hispida Large 1 Akashia Acacia aurculiformios Large 1

Source: Field level survey

Table: 4.38: Trees in the Access Road of the Proposed DTC Site, KEPZ

Name (Local/ Common) Scientific name Size Number Blackberry (Kalo Jam) Syzygium cumini Large 1 Badi/ Jiga Lannea grandis Large 4 Shil Koroi Albizia procera Large 1 Coconut (Narikel) Cocos nucifera Large 7 Coconut (Narikel) Cocos nucifera Medium 1 Guava Psidium guajava small 2 Gub Diospyros peregrine Large 1 Cotton (Tula) Gossypium herbaceum Large 1 Papaya Carica papaya small 10 Nut (kathbadam) Terminalia catappa Large 2 Supari Areca catechu small 1 Chlata Dellenia indica Large 1 Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Large 1 Banana Musa sapientum medium 40 Lemon Citrus aurantifolia Medium 2 Neem Azadirachta indica Medium 1 Date tree (khejur) Phoenix sylvestris Medium 1 Mango (aam) Mangifera indica Large 10

Source: Field level survey

A number of avian species were also observed in the area. These species are typical inhabitants of urban fringes and are considered common on both at local and regional levels. In addition to the avian species, the area is also habitat to a variety of reptiles, mammals and invertebrates. (Table 4.39 and 4.40)

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Table 4.39: List of Avian Species Available in the PIA of the DTC of KEPZ

SL. Local name Scientific name Observation Status (During No Field Visit) 1. Choto Machranga Alcedo Athis  2. Paira Columba Livia  3. Jongla Ghughu Streptopelia Tranquebarica 4. Kani Bok Ardeola Grayii  5. Pati kak Corvus Splendens  6. Kalo Doyel Sanicoloides Fulicafa  7. Bhat Shalik Acridotheres Tristis  8. Charai Passer Donesticus  9. Bhubon Cheel Milvus Migrans 10. Babui Ploceus Philippinus 11. Bhadi Hans Cairina Scutulata 

Source: Field level survey

Table 4.40: List of Wildlife Species Available in the PIA of the DTC of KEPZ

Sl. No Local name Scientific name Observation Status (During Field Visit) Mammals 1. Shial Canis Aureus Linnaeus 2. Ram Kutta Cuon Alpinus  3. Badur Pteropus Giganteus 4. Kathbiral Ratufa Bicolor  5. Nengti Indur Mus Musculus  6. Metho Indur Mus Booduga  7. Biral Filis Domesticus  Reptiles 8. Dura Shap Enhydris Enhydris 9. Tik Tiki Hemidactylus Flaviviridis  Amphibians 10. Kuno Bang Bufo Melanostictus  11. Sona Bang Rana Cyanophyctis

Source: Field level survey, September-October 2010.

4.4.3.2 Rare and Endangered Species

There are no rare or endangered species in the study area according to the IUCN red data Book. 4.4.3.3 Sensitive/ Protected Areas

There are no sensitive of protected areas demarcated in the PIA. 4.4.4 Socio Economic Environment

4.4.4.1 Administration

Patenga Thana (Ex Bandar Thana) consists of 5 wards and 9 mouzas. The DTC site is located at Zoutho Abashik Elaka (Joint Residential Area) in Patenga Thana under Chittagong District.

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4.4.4.2 Population and Households

Following table 4.41 reflects the population status of Patenga Thana (ex. Bandar Thana) and surveyed area, under which the study area is located.

Table 4.41 Population Status of Patenga Thana

Area Total Population Male (%) Female (%) Patenga Thana ( ex 80448 54.39 45.61 Bandar Thana) Patenga Thana 260 52.69 47.31 (Surveyed)

Source: Population Census, 2001 and Field Survey, 2010

4.4.4.3 Literacy and Educational Institutions

Average literacy rate in this area is 56.5% with males at 63.3%, and females at 46.8%. Educational institutions found in the area include 3 colleges, 18 high schools, 3 madrasas, 19 primary schools and 1 marine academy. 4.4.4.4 Occupational Details

Data revealed that the income group of Patenga Thana is divided into 9 major groups. Following table 4.42 is showing the distribution of income group.

Table 4.42 Occupational Status of Patenga Thana

Groups by Occupation Patenga Thana Surveyed Results Agriculture 1.46 0 Fishery 1.29 0 Agricultural laborer 1.99 0 Wage laborer 3.02 0 Industry 2.04 0 Business 11.7 0 Service 53.2 5 Construction 1.4 22.30 Others (Housewife and student) 17.2 72.69

Source: Population Census, 2001 and Field Survey, 2010

4.4.4.5 Religion

People in Patenga Thana includes 92.5% Muslims, 6.95% Hindus and 0.9% others and ethnic nationals include Chakma, Marma, Larma and Tripura. There are 30 Mosques, 4 tombs and 8 temples in Patenga Thana area. 4.4.4.6 Utility Services

The DTC of KEPZ project site is situated within a mixture of semi-urban densely populated area and agricultural rural area. The utility services found in this area are given below:

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a) Water Supply and Sanitation

Colonies close to the project site get water supply from Chittagong WASA but this water is in poor quality as said by the residents. Colonies have sanitary latrines. In the village area 100% people use pucca sanitary latrines. b) Solid Waste

Different size dustbins exist inside the Zoutho Abashik Elaka (Joint Residential Area). People of this colony discard solid waste in these dustbins and the CDA takes the waste on a regular basis. c) Electricity

The PDB of Bangladesh gives electricity line to Zoutho Abashik Elaka (Joint Residential Area). d) Gas Connection

The people of that area use natural gas through pipes connected by Bakhrabad Gas Company.

4.4.4.7 Archaeological, Historical and Cultural Sites/Resources

According to the Director of Archaeology and Museums, there are no places of historical and cultural importance situated near the Patenga Thana or within the project site. 4.4.5 Environmental Risks

4.4.5.1 Flooding

The project site is free from normal seasonal flooding as depicted in Figure 4.9 4.4.5.2 Seismic Effects

The project area falls within Zone II, which is comprised of the middle regions of Bangladesh, and is a moderately seismically active region in the country (Figure 4.10), (BNBC, 1996). Attention should be given to the design and operational aspects of the structures to make them safe from earthquake hazards.

4.4.5.3 Erosion

The project area is free from river erosion.

4.4.5.4 Cyclone and Tidal Surges

The proposed area of DTC of KEPZ has potential risk of cyclones and tidal surges. In 29 April 1991 cyclone caused massive disaster in Chittagong area and as a result, the whole coastal belt of Bangladesh including Chittagong City was inundated at about 2m water depth. About 138,000 people and many livestock were killed and infrastructure especially roads and coastal embankments were badly damaged due to this catastrophic cyclone. (Figure 4.11)

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5 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

5.1 Identification of Potential Impacts

This chapter identifies the potential impacts related with project location, design construction and operation phases of the project on the physical, biological and socioeconomic domains of the environment. An environmental impact is defined as any change to an existing condition of the environment. Identification of potential impacts has been done on the basis of baseline data collected from secondary and primary sources. Identification of potential impacts due to the project site development is shown in checklist (Annex 5.1; Checklist 1, 2 & 3) for the DTC site of DEPZ, IEPZ and KEPZ respectively. In the checklist, activities, which may affect the environment due to various stages of the project actions, are listed and the degrees of Significant Environmental Impacts (SEIs) are shown. The terms “none”, “insignificant”, “moderate” and “significant” are used in the checklist to classify the magnitude of SEIs. Environmental impacts can be broadly classified as those taking place during pre-construction, construction and operational phases of the project. Activities involved affecting environmental resources at different phases of the project implementation as well as potential /significant environmental impacts are discussed below.

5.2 DTC of DEPZ

5.2.1 Impacts during Pre-Construction

5.2.1.1 Utility (Electricity)

REB electric line that passes over the proposed DTC site of DEPZ needs to be shifted prior to commencing construction. This line will be hazardous to workers‟ health and safety during construction phase. As the proposed DTC buildings are designed to build 3-story dormitory and 2-story training centre which will affect the 33KV electric line of the REB during construction.

5.2.2 Impacts during Construction

Environmental impacts of the construction phase are expected to be temporary. Construction impacts are considered to be minimal as all the construction works will be carried out within the site and will be managed via the mitigation measures defined in the EMP section. 5.2.2.1 Air Pollution

NOx and SOx except SPM value is currently below the DoE standards based on the baseline monitoring data (Table 4.6). During construction phase, SPM is expected to be the main pollutant associated with earthwork activities and material handling. The major earthwork activity would be excavation for basement and foundations for buildings and internal access roads. The construction equipment/vehicles, using fuel and diesel and movements of vehicles will also contribute to air pollution releasing hazardous air emissions such as NOX, SO2, etc. This will impact the air quality affecting the immediate vicinity of the work area.

There are densely populated settlements intimately surrounding the proposed DTC site of DEPZ. So the air pollution can cause negative impacts on surrounding villages such as Vadail and Pabnertek and the mosque.

Another possible source of air pollution will be dust due to handling of cement, breaking of bricks/boulders, mixing of concrete ingredients and burning of bitumen for internal roads. However, due to the openness of construction sites and wind conditions, the dust and engine emissions are expected to have limited effects on the existing air quality. The anticipated air quality problem will be short lived, localized and minor lasting

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According to baseline monitoring data, noise levels in the DTC site has exceeded the DoE standard mainly due to adjacent access road construction that is currently going on (Table 4.7). Noise levels in and around the construction sites could further increase as a result of operating construction machinery and during unloading and loading of construction materials. A number of machinery and equipment will be required for the construction of the proposed project and will depend upon the construction methodology for various types of works. However, the equipment/vehicles will broadly consist of mixture machine, concrete vibrator, brick/boulder breaking machine, dump trucks, transport vehicles, etc. which will cause noise pollution. Most of these will use diesel engines that generate noise and exhaust emissions.

5.2.2.3 Sewage Pollution

During construction phase, the proposed site shall be occupied by officials, contractor personnel and labour force (about 100 persons/day). Inadequate and unhygienic sanitation facility can pollute the surrounding lands as well as diseases might be spread out among the workers and adjacent villagers. Sewage waste also might be the source of odor pollution to the local environment. 5.2.2.4 Solid Waste

The construction process will take 1.5 to 2 years and as a result the worker camps will take a semi permanent appearance. The majority of waste likely to get generated will include rubbish, ashes and residues, etc. These wastes will be generated due to labour camp, construction activities and materials used for construction. If inadequate arrangements exist for the disposal of above mentioned wastes, there will be negative impact on the soil, aesthetic beauty of area and workers‟ health and safety. Possibilities of bitumen and oil leaks spread of contaminants brought through material transport including invasive species, etc. 5.2.2.5 Landscape

Landscape refers to the appearance of the land, including shape, texture, color and features. The landscape of an area can contribute to people‟s enjoyment of built and natural environments, attract investment, assist in development, promote biodiversity and affect drainage patterns.

Some changes to landscapes may be temporary such as temporary storage of construction material, items of equipment (e.g. piling), vehicles, etc., which may be visible from the distance whilst others may be more permanent such importing material and the building up areas, the establishment of facility buildings, and chimneys/stacks.

While the existing site is currently a vacant land surrounded by settlements, the development of the Project will change the topography and landscape of the area and will become a prominent feature. 5.2.2.6 Access Road/ Traffic Congestion

The transportation and use of heavy equipment and trucks would be required during construction for the movement of construction material. Both access roads need to be used during construction period. The overall conditions of both the access roads are not good which need to be improved prior to starting the construction activities. Trucks, rickshaws, motor cycles, rickshaw vans and EPZ workers use these access roads and as a result, traffic jams can occur specially during morning and evening times as mentioned by the local people during FGD. The construction vehicles will add more traffic and road congestions. This has the potential to directly impact traffic flow of the access roads becoming an inconvenience for regular road users.

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Also due to the movement of the construction materials carrying vehicles the potential for accidents in the access roads will also increase. 5.2.2.7 Job Opportunity

At the peak of construction phase, it is likely to provide employment of nearly 100 personnel in various positions, according to BEPZA and the contractor will be responsible for creating these employment opportunities. Priority will need to be given to the local community for unskilled labour. This may result in an increase on household income. 5.2.2.8 Business Opportunity

At the time of construction, due to the demand of construction materials, construction workers food and other necessaries may create a negative, as well as positive impact to the surrounding areas of DTC site. The demand may create short-fall for the people in the area, as well as people can enhance their businesses in supplying daily needed commodities, over-the-counter medicines, fast/ dry foods and training accessories. They can also boost up their business through laundry and washing facilities. 5.2.2.9 Occupational Health & Safety

Construction workers may face occupational health hazards such as minor or major injuries due to lack of general safety requirements and precautions applicable for such sites, malfunctioning equipment, careless use of equipment and vehicles, etc. At the construction site, camps will be constructed for temporary accommodation for about 100 workers. Poorly designed sanitation facilities may pose a health threat and nuisance to the workers. Uncontrolled vending of food and drinking water on the work site may also pose a risk with respect to the transmission of contagious diseases like Typhoid, Diarrhea, Malaria, Dengue, etc. Construction workers may be required to handle hazardous materials such as cement and bitumen therefore increasing health risks. 5.2.2.10 Nearby Public Health and Safety

Improper H&S policy maintained at the site may lead to outbreak of different diseases to the surrounding communities through the sick construction workers. 5.2.3 Impacts during Operation

Operational impacts continue during the life of the project after the completion of construction phase and these impacts are long lasting and in some cases permanent. Following sub-sections provide some of the likely impacts. 5.2.3.1 Solid Waste

There will be 650 persons (600 female workers and about 50 other employees) staying within the DTC. It is estimated that the 325 kg (JAICA 2005) municipal solid wastes (organic and inorganic) per day (0.5kg/person/day) will be generated during the operation phase, which need to be disposed effectively and timely manner. Improper management of solid waste may lead to soil and ground water contamination through the generation of leachate. Bad odour due to non-removal of waste regularly will also cause unhealthy conditions in the DTC and surrounding area including attracting nuisance animals such as flies and mosquitoes. Overall, negative impacts are predicted due to solid waste during the operation phase if handling and disposal of solid wastes will not be carried out in accordance with a proper waste management plan. 5.2.3.2 Sewage Disposal

Appropriate sewage disposal system has to be developed for the proposed DTC site of DEPZ. Otherwise the

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EA for NARI Project untreated/ unmanaged sewage will create soil and ground water pollution. It will also create bad odor which will be unhealthy for the people live in and around the proposed DTC site. Untreated sewerage will also cause human health diseases if contaminated to ground water or soil (toxicological effects). 5.2.3.3 Transport Linkage

The proposed DTC area of DEPZ is a semi urban area. The access road is narrow and small and light vehicles are moving around regularly. In addition to 600 training women living in the proposed DTC of DEPZ for 6 months at a time, trainers and other related technical persons will be mobilized to the DTC area. So transport facilities will be increased. 5.2.3.4 Job Opportunities

The Proposed DTC will create permanent job opportunity for around 50 persons in various official capacities and posts. BEPZA will create 5 permanent positions for managerial activities. A NGO will be selected for cleaning, security, food supply, cooking and other purposes. Operations management will be instructed to fulfill the vacant post by eligible local people. In addition, after receiving training, 1200 female workers/year may get job opportunities in home or abroad. It will not only lead to increase in household income but also contribute towards national economic uplift. 5.2.3.5 Landscape / Tree Plantation

Landscaping would be one of the most important features of this DTC of DEPZ. A total of 0.97 acres of land out of 5 acres is designated for tree plantation (19.5% of total area) with 35% green space as open space. Essentially, the open spaces and tree plantation area within the DTC premises are centered at the following locations:  Entrance of the DTC area  Inside along the boundary  Around the open spaces.

The tree plantation in the DTC area will not only function as landscape features resulting in harmonizing and amalgamating the physical structures of proposed buildings with surrounding environment but will also acts as pollution sink/noise barrier. It will protect soil erosion, make the ecosystem more diversified and functionally more stable, make the climate more conducive and help to restore the natural balance. 5.2.3.6 Occupational Health and Safety

There could be some health and safety risks that may occur during the stay of training women in the dormitory and training time and these are:  Accidents due to move/ fall down from the roof/ balcony and using the stairs  Fire hazards from loose electric lines/ cooking stoves/ careless handling of material that can generate fire  Inadequate lighting and ventilation in and outside the DTC buildings  Poor water supply and sanitation facilities  Poor cleanliness of the building occupants  Lack of daily cleaning and regular maintenance of the buildings and the surrounding land.

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5.3 DTC of IEPZ

5.3.1 Impacts during Pre-Construction

5.3.1.1 Access Entry Gate/Culvert on Earth Drain

There is no separate access entry gate and drainage culvert over the earth drain for the proposed DTC site of IEPZ area which needs to be done prior to start of building construction activities, as the construction vehicles and workers will not be able to enter into the DTC site. 5.3.2 Impacts during Construction

During the construction phase, there are possibilities of environmental pollution. These impacts are short term and minimized after construction. 5.3.2.1 Air Pollution

As mentioned earlier current NOx, SOx, SPM values are within the DOE standard based on the monitoring data (Table 4.18). During construction phase, SPM is expected to be the main pollutant associated with earthwork activities and material handling. The major earthwork activity would be excavation for basement and foundations for buildings and internal access roads. The construction equipment/vehicles, using fuel and diesel will create air pollution releasing hazardous air emissions such as NOX, SO2,. This impact on air quality during earth excavation works will also likely to affect to the immediate vicinity of the construction site.

The surrounding area of the DTC site of IEPZ is rural in nature. Air pollution will cause negative impact on surrounding villages such as Vadail and Pabnertek.

Another possible source of air pollution will be dust due to handling of cement, breaking of bricks/boulders, mixture of concrete ingredients and burning of bitumen for internal roads. However, due to the openness of construction sites and wind conditions, the dust and engine emissions are expected to have limited effect on the air quality. The anticipated air quality problem will be short lived, localized and minor lasting during the construction stage only. 5.3.2.2 Noise Pollution

According to baseline monitoring data, the current noise levels in the DTC site has not been exceeded the DoE standard (Table 4.19). But noise levels in and around the construction sites could increase as a result of operating construction machinery and during unloading and loading of construction materials during construction phase. Number of machinery and equipment will be required for the construction of the proposed project. The equipment required will depend upon the construction methodology for various types of works. However, the equipment/vehicles will broadly consist of mixture machine, concrete vibrator, brick/boulder breaking machine, dump trucks, transport vehicles, etc., which will cause noise pollution. Most of these will use diesel engines that generate noise and exhaust emissions. 5.3.2.3 Surface Water Pollution

As mentioned in earlier in table 4.20, the quality of existing pond water is good and has not exceeded the DoE standard values. But the quality of the surface water of the nearby pond (15m far from DTC) may be deteriorated if the discharge of hazardous bentonite mixed liquid waste (generated during piling work) and dumping of solid wastes are done near or into the pond. Accidental spillage and construction site surface run- off also could pollute the water in the pond.

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5.3.2.4 Sewage Pollution/ Sanitation Hazard

During construction phase, the proposed site shall be occupied by about 100 workers. Inadequate and unhygienic sanitation facility shall pollute the surrounding areas including the pond as well as diseases might be spread out among the workers and surrounding villagers. Sewage waste also might be the source of odor pollution to the local environment. 5.3.2.5 Solid Waste Disposal

The construction process will take 1-2 years, with the result the camps will take on a semi permanent appearance. The people and the changes they bring can have significant impacts on the local communities and social structures. The major waste likely to get generated is mostly of rubbish, ashes and residues, demolition materials. These wastes will be generated due to construction camp, construction activities and materials used for construction. If inadequate arrangements exist for the disposal of above mentioned wastes, this will have a negative impact on the soil, surface water and aesthetic beauty of area. 5.3.2.6 Landscape

Some changes to landscapes may be temporary such as the construction compounds and lay-down areas and items of equipment (e.g. piling) whilst others may be more permanent such importing material and the building up areas above flood levels or the establishment of facility buildings, and chimneys/stacks. The development of the Project will change the topography and landscape of the Project site and become a prominent feature.

During the construction stage of the Project, at the site location there will be some distinguishable items of equipment on site including piling, cranes trucks, which may be visible from a distance. Aesthetic beauty plays an important role in improving the working environment of an area. The building provision can improve the aesthetics of an area and thereby improving the work efficiency. 5.3.2.7 Road/ Traffic Congestion

The transportation and use of heavy equipment and trucks would be required during construction. Trucks would transport construction materials and heavy equipment. The DTC site of IEPZ is connected with the Ishwardi‐ Pakshi National Highway by about 8m wide and about 4km long District Road under RHD at east side which is under construction (Figure 3.6) . Bituminous pavement needs to be done for this District Road. The access road which is HBB road cum railway embankment started from the District Road runs parallel and adjacent to the DTC site at north-west side but not connects with the DTC site due to 1.5m wide earthen drain and concrete boundary wall (Figure 4.6). This 4.5m wide HBB road has already been damaged due to movement of heavy loaded truck carrying sands from the Ganges River. The movement of the vehicles with construction materials on the access road of the DTC will further damage the road if improvement was not done prior to start construction works of the DTC. Few Trucks, rickshaws, motor cycles and rickshaw vans as well as village people and IEPZ workers move on the road. The construction vehicles will add more traffic congestion. This has the potential to directly impact traffic flow of the approach road. Also road accident may occur due to extra traffic load in the access road. 5.3.2.8 Job Opportunity

At the peak of construction phase, it is likely to provide employment of nearly 100 personnel in various positions. The contractor will create these employment opportunity during project construction phase. Priority shall be given to the local community for unskilled labor. Due to construction of the project, locals will get an opportunity of employment.

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5.3.2.9 Business Opportunity

At the time of construction, the construction materials, construction workers food and other necessaries supply may create a negative impact to the surrounding communities of DTC site. However, on the positive side, people can enhance their business in supplying daily needed commodities, off-the-shelf medicines, fast/ dry foods and training accessories. They can also boost up their business by laundry and washing facilities. 5.3.2.10 Occupational Health & Safety

Workers may face occupational health hazard due to hazardous and risky construction works. At the construction site, camp will be constructed for temporary accommodation of 100 workers. Poorly designed sanitary facilities may pose a health threat and nuisance to the workers. Uncontrolled vending of food and drinking water on the work site may also pose a risk with respect to the transmission of various diseases. 5.3.2.11 Nearby Public Health and Safety

Improper EHS policy may lead to outbreak of different diseases to the surrounding people through the sick construction workers. 5.3.3 Impacts during Operation

Impacts that are likely during operational phase are given below: 5.3.3.1 Solid Waste

There will be 650 persons staying within the DTC. It is estimated that the 325 kg (JAICA, 2005) municipal solid wastes per day (0.5kg/day/person) will be generated during the operation phase, which need to be disposed effectively. Improperly managed solid waste may lead to soil and ground water pollution by contamination through the generation of leachate. Bad odour also causes unhealthy condition to the DTC and surrounding area.

Negative impacts are predicted due to solid waste during the operation phase if handling and disposal of solid wastes will not be carried out in accordance with a proper waste management plan. 5.3.3.2 Sewage Disposal

Appropriate sewage disposal system has to be developed for the proposed DTC site of IEPZ. Otherwise the untreated/ unmanaged sewage will create soil and ground water pollution. It will also create bad odor which will be unhealthy for the people living in and around the proposed DTC site. Untreated sewerage will also cause human health diseases if contaminated to ground water or soil. 5.3.3.3 Transport Linkage

The proposed DTC area of DEPZ is a semi urban area. The access road is narrow and small and light vehicles are moving around like rickshaw, van, battery driven auto-rickshaw, etc. There will be 600 trainers women live in the proposed DTC of DEPZ for 6 months at a time, and trainers and other related technical persons will be mobilized to the DTC area. So transport facilities will be increase. 5.3.3.4 Job Opportunity

The Proposed DTC will create permanent job opportunity for around 50 persons in various official capacities and posts. BEPZA will create 5 permanent positions for managerial activities. A NGO will be selected for cleaning, security, food supply, cooking and other purpose. Operation management will be instructed to fulfill

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EA for NARI Project the vacant post by eligible local people. The proposed project will not only lead to increase in household income but also contribute towards national economic uplift. 5.3.3.5 Landscape/ Tree Plantation

Landscaping would be one of the most important features of this DTC of IEPZ. Essentially, the open spaces and greenery area within the DTC premises are centered at the following locations:  entrance plaza  inside the boundary wall  surrounding the open spaces. The plantation in the DTC area will not only function as landscape features resulting in harmonizing and amalgamating the physical structures of proposed buildings with surrounding environment but will also acts as pollution sink/noise barrier. It will check soil erosion, make the ecosystem more diversified and functionally more stable, make the climate more conducive and help to restore the natural balance in the area. 5.3.3.6 Occupational Health and Safety

There could be accidental risks during the stay of the trainees in the dormitory and training time:  Accident due to move/ fall down from the roof/ balcony and stairs  Fire hazard from loose electric line/ cooking stoves/ other firing  Improper lighting and ventilation system in the buildings  Poor drinking water supply and sanitation facilities

5.4 DTC Site of KEPZ

5.4.1 Impacts during Pre-Construction

5.4.1.1 Removal of Trees

The proposed DTC site of KEPZ is a mixed vegetation land. The land was used for agricultural purposes in the past. It has been estimated that a total of 38 trees will need to be removed prior to the commencement of site development (Table 4.36). Also for the development of the end part of the DTC access road (earthen part) of KEPZ, a total of 87 trees needs to be removed (Table 4.37). This will reduce the tree cover of the DTC site and the surrounding drastically exposing the area to air pollution and reducing the soil stability. 5.4.1.2 Access Road Facilities

As mentioned in Chapter 4, access road from Patenga road to DTC site is the only suitable access to the DTC site. But there is a brick wall at end of the road which needs to be removed prior to the commencement of construction activities, as this wall will obstruct the construction vehicles and construction workers entering the proposed DTC site. As per the consultations with KEPZ and CDDL authority, it has been agreed to break the wall for entering the DTC area. The debris of the dismantled wall if not properly removed from the site can cause erosion during rainy period and blocking the drainage, nuisance to the construction workers and users of the road including becoming a safety issue. 5.4.1.3 Utility (Water Supply)

According to test result as mentioned in Table 33, the ground water quality of DTC area of KEPZ is saline and the tested value exceeds the DOE standards. The ground water is more saline when dug deeper (>180feet). So ground water cannot be used for drinking as well as for construction purposes. The supply water of Chittagong WASA in the Zoutho Abashik Elaka (project site) is irregular and this can hamper the construction

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As per the consultation meeting with KEPZ, they will extend their existing water supply facilities (treated water by WTP) through a pipe line to the proposed DTC area of KEPZ. This facility should be ensured prior to starting construction work. 5.4.2 Impacts during Construction

During the construction phase, there are chances of environmental pollution. These impacts are short term and minimized after construction. 5.4.2.1 Air Pollution

NOx, SOx, SPM values of the current condition have not been exceeded DOE standard based on the baseline monitoring data (Table 4.31). But construction of DTC buildings will deteriorate air quality. During construction phase, SPM is expected to be the main pollutant associated with earthwork activities and material handling. The major earthwork activity would be excavation for basement and foundations for buildings and internal access roads. The construction equipment/vehicles, using fuel and diesel will create air pollution including hazardous air emissions such as NOX, SO2, etc. in to the environment. This impact on air quality during earth excavation works will be effect the immediate vicinity of the work area.

Another possible source of air pollution will be dust due to handling of cement, breaking of bricks/boulders, mixture of concrete ingredients and burning of bitumen for internal roads. However, due to the openness of construction sites and wind conditions, the dust and engine emissions are expected to have limited effect on the air quality. The anticipated air quality problem will be short lived, localized and minor lasting during the construction stage only. 5.4.2.2 Noise Pollution

According to base line monitoring data, noise levels in the DTC site are below the DOE standard (Table 4.32). But noise levels in and around the construction site could increase as a result of operating construction machinery and during unloading and loading of construction materials during construction phase. Number of machinery and equipment will be required for the construction of the proposed project including mixture machine, concrete vibrator, brick/boulder breaking machine, dump trucks, transport vehicles, etc. which will cause noise pollution. Most of these will use diesel engines that generate noise and exhaust emissions. 5.4.2.3 Sewage Pollution/ Sanitation Hazard

During construction phase the proposed site shall be occupied by 100 officials, contractor personnel and labour force. During monsoon, Inadequate and unhygienic sanitation facility can pollute the surrounding land and water body as well as disease might be spread out among the workers and surrounding villagers. Sewage waste also might be the source of odor pollution to the local environment. 5.4.2.4 Solid Waste

The construction process will take 1-2 years, with the result the camps will take on a semi permanent appearance. The people and the changes they bring can have significant impacts on the local communities and social structures. The major waste that will likely to get generated is mostly of rubbish, ashes and residues, demolition materials. These wastes will be generated due to construction camp, construction activities and materials used for construction. If inadequate arrangements exist for the disposal of above mentioned wastes, this will have a negative impact on the soil, aesthetic beauty of area.

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5.4.2.5 Landscape

Some changes to landscapes may be temporary such as the construction compounds and lay-down areas and items of equipment (e.g. piling) whilst others may be more permanent such importing material and the building up areas above flood levels or the establishment of facility buildings, and chimneys/stacks. The development of the Project will change the topography and landscape of the Project site and become a prominent feature.

During the construction stage of the Project, at the site location there will be some distinguishable items of equipment on site including piling, cranes trucks, which may be visible from a distance. Aesthetic beauty plays an important role in improving the working environment of an area. The building provision can improve the aesthetics of an area and thereby improving the work efficiency. 5.4.2.6 Access Road/ Traffic Congestion

The transportation and use of heavy equipment and trucks would be required during construction. Trucks would transport construction materials and heavy equipment. As mentioned in 4.4.28, the overall condition of the 1km long and 7m wide access road is bituminous paved with an average motorable condition. Trucks, rickshaws, motor cycles, rickshaw vans move on the road, but no traffic jam and accident generally occur. The movement of the construction vehicles will add more traffic and can create road congestion. It has the potential to directly impact traffic flow of the access road. Extra traffic load may cause road accident. 5.4.2.7 Job Opportunity

At the peak of construction phase, it is likely to provide employment of nearly 100 personnel in various positions. Various sub-contractors will create these employment opportunity during project construction phase. Priority shall be given to the local community for unskilled labor. Due to construction of the project, locals will get a chance of employment with the construction contractor. 5.4.2.8 Business Opportunity

At the time of construction, the construction materials, construction workers food and other necessaries supply may create a negative impact to the surrounding areas of DTC site due to high demand. However, people can enhance their business in supplying daily needed commodities, off-the-shelf medicines, fast/ dry foods and training accessories. They can also boost up their business by laundry and washing facilities. 5.4.2.9 Occupational Health & Safety

Workers may face occupational health hazards such as, minor or major injuries. At the construction site, camp will be constructed for temporary accommodation for a large number of workers. Poorly designed sanitary facilities may pose a health threat and nuisance to the workers. Uncontrolled vending of food and drinking water on the work site may also pose a risk with respect to the transmission of contagious diseases like Typhoid, Diarrhea, Malaria, Dengue, etc. Construction workers may be required to handle hazardous construction materials therefore increasing health risks. 5.4.2.10 Nearby Public Health and Safety

Improper EHS policy may lead to outbreak of different diseases to the surrounding communities through the sick construction workers.

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5.4.3 Impacts during Operation

5.4.3.1 Solid Waste

There will be 650 persons will be staying within the DTC. It is estimated that the 325 kg (JAICA 2005) municipal solid wastes per day (0.5kg/day/person) will be generated during the operation phase, which need to be disposed effectively. Improperly managed solid waste may lead to soil and ground water pollution by contamination through the generation of leachate. Bad odor also causes unhealthy condition to the DTC and surrounding area.

Negative impacts are predicted due to solid waste during the operation phase if handling and disposal of solid wastes will not be carried out in accordance with the mitigation measures. 5.4.3.2 Sewage Disposal

Appropriate sewage disposal system has to be developed for the proposed DTC site of KEPZ. Otherwise the untreated/ unmanaged sewage will create soil and ground water pollution. It will also create bad odor which will be unhealthy for the people live in and around the proposed DTC site. Untreated sewerage will also cause human health diseases if contaminated to ground water or soil (toxicological effect). Otherwise negative impacts are predicted due to improper disposal of the sewerage waste. 5.4.3.3 Transport linkage

The proposed DTC area of KEPZ is a semi urban area. The access road is narrow and small and light vehicles are moving around like rickshaw, van, battery driven auto-rickshaw etc. There will be 600 trainers women live in the proposed DTC of KEPZ for 6 months at a time, and trainers and other related technical persons will be mobilized to the DTC area. So transport facilities will be increase to respond to the demand. 5.4.3.4 Job Opportunity

The Proposed DTC will create permanent job opportunity for around 50 persons in various official capacities and posts. BEPZA will create 5 permanent positions for managerial activities. A NGO will be selected for cleaning, security, food supply, cooking and other purpose. Operation management will be instructed to fulfill the vacant post by eligible local people. After getting training, trained women workers may get job in home or abroad. It is a positive impact and will not only lead to increase in household income but also contribute towards national economic uplift. 5.4.3.5 Landscape/ Tree Plantation

Landscaping would be one of the most important features of this DTC of DEPZ. Essentially, the open spaces and greenery area within the DTC premises are centered in the following locations:  entrance of DTC site  inside the boundary of DTC site  open space of DTC. The greenbelt development/plantation in the DTC area will not only function as landscape features resulting in harmonizing and amalgamating the physical structures of proposed buildings with surrounding environment but will also acts as pollution sink/noise barrier. It will check soil erosion, make the ecosystem more diversified and functionally more stable, make the climate more conducive and restore balance of the natural environment.

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5.4.3.6 Occupational Health and Safety

There could be health risks/hazards during the stay dormitory and training time and these are mainly:  Accident due to move/ fall down from the roof/ balcony  Movement during the stairs  Fire hazard from loose electric line/ cooking stoves/ other firing  Improper ventilation and lighting in the building  Poor drinking water supply and sanitary facilities.

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6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 Objectives

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared for all the identified environmental impacts (medium and significant) and during pre-construction, construction and operational stages of the DTC sites of DEPZ, IEPZ and KEPZ. Each potential environmental issue is addressed in the EMP through the following steps:  Issues  Environmental Impact  Mitigation measures  Budget  Implementation agency  Supervising Agency.

The relevant parts of EMP will be included in the bid documents of all contractors and will become a part of the civil works contract during construction. The strict implementation of the EMP and project management‟s strict enforcement of the adequate construction practices and standards will greatly reduce the negative impacts of the Project. The following measures will be taken to ensure compliance with environmental safeguards during project implementation:

 The tender and contract documents will clearly set out the contractor‟s obligations to undertake environmental mitigation measures set out in the EMP (appended to Contract Specifications).  The recommended environmental mitigation cost should be included as an item in the Bills of Quantities. This will ensure that there is a specific environmental mitigation budget for environmental mitigation activities that will incur a cost. During the procurement, contractors will be encouraged to include these costs in their rates and present the mitigation cost as a line item in the Bills of Quantities.  Each contractor will recruit an environmental, health and safety manager (EHSM), who will be responsible for implementing the contractors‟ environmental responsibilities, and liaise with PIU for reporting and to discuss any issues. EHSM will also be also responsible for health and safety aspects of work sites. It is anticipated that the Construction Supervision Consultants (CSC) will be contracted for the supervision and monitoring of all construction activities on behalf of the PIU of DEPZ, IEPZ and KEPZ authorities. CSC will be also given the responsibility to ensure the environmental safeguards requirements identified in this EA are in place. The CSCs and PIUs will play the leading role for all environmental supervising and monitoring activities and will be responsible for ensuring the compliance with all environmental safeguard requirements incorporated in the construction contract documents. PIU- Field Office 2 (DEPZ), PIU- Field Office 3 (IEPZ), and PIU- Field Office 4 (KEPZ) will coordinate with CSC on regular basis to monitor the progress of effective implementation of the EMPs and monitoring plan proposed in this EA and obtain reports from the Contractors. Roles and responsibilities of various implementing agencies of the Project are given in (Section 6.2.3)

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6.2 Possible Mitigation Measures

6.2.1 DTC of DEPZ

On the basis of discussions in Section 5.2, the possible mitigation measures presented in the following Table 6.1 are recommended for the medium and significant impacts. A mitigation measure will be considered as successful when it complies with the EQS set by DoE. In absence of DoE‟s own EQS, World Health Organization (WHO) or other recognized organizations will be applied.

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Table 6.1: Mitigation/Enhancement Measures during Pre- Construction, Construction and Operation Stages of DTC, DEPZ

Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising Pre-Construction Stage Design of Improper design of project  All project facilities are to be designed in accordance with the planning and design norms BEPZA Consultant Project facilities will lead to (BNBC) as proposed in „Chapter 3 of this EA report. facilities environmental degradation.  Earthquake hazard should be considered in the structural design of the DTC building. Utility REB 33KV electric line  Prior to commencing construction, the electric line will be shifted to outside the boundary of Contractor PIU (Electricity) passes over the site which the DTC site in consultation with and assistance of REB. will affect the construction of  Proper H&S measures should be taken during shifting the electric line to avoid accidents. high raised buildings.

Construction Stage Air Pollution - Construction vehicular  Fit vehicles with appropriate exhaust systems and emission control devices. Contractor PIU/ CSC traffic: Air quality can be  Maintain vehicles and construction equipment in good working condition including regular affected by vehicle exhaust servicing. emissions and combustion of fuels.  Operate the vehicles in a fuel efficient manner.  Cover haul vehicles carrying dusty materials moving outside the construction site. - Construction machinery:  Impose speed limits (maximum 20 km/hr) on all vehicle movement at the worksite and Air quality can be adversely through access roads to reduce dust emissions. affected by emissions from machinery and combustion of  Control the movement of construction traffic in the access road. fuels.  Water spray to the construction materials (especially sand & boulder/brick chips) prior to loading and transport. - Construction activities:  Focus special attention on containing the emissions from generators Dust generation from construction sites, material  Machinery causing excess pollution (e.g. visible smoke) should be banned from construction stockpiles and access roads. sites or fixed immediately prior to futher usage.  Provide filtering systems, dust collectors or humidification or other techniques (as applicable) to the concrete mixing plant to control the particle emissions at all its stages, including unloading, collection, aggregate handling, cement dumping, circulation of trucks and machinery inside the installations.  Water spray to the material stockpiles, access roads and bare soils as and when required to

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising minimize the potential environmental nuisance due to dust. Increase the watering frequency during periods of high risk (e.g. high winds and dry periods). Stored materials such as boulders and sand should be covered and confined to avoid them being wind-drifted.  Erect dust barriers along the boundary of the land to reduce dust movement to the surrounding areas.  Minimize the extent and period of exposure of the bare surfaces.  Reschedule earthwork activities when practical, if necessary to avoid during periods of high wind and if visible dust is blowing off-site.  Restore disturbed areas as soon as possible by vegetation/grass-turfing.  Establish adequate locations for storage, mixing and loading of construction materials, in a way that dust dispersion is prevented because of such operations. Noise  Construction vehicular  Maintain all vehicles in order to keep them in good working order in accordance with Contractor PIU/ CSC Pollution traffic: Noise quality will be manufacturers maintenance procedures. deteriorated due to increased  Make sure all drivers will comply with the traffic codes concerning maximum speed limit, vehicular traffic. driving hours, etc. (20 km/hr during night time).  Construction machinery:  Organize the loading and unloading of trucks, and handling operations for the purpose of Noise and vibration will have minimizing construction noise on the work site. an impact on adjacent  Appropriately site all noise generating activities to avoid noise pollution to local residents. surrounding residents.  Modify equipment to reduce noise (for example, noise control kits, lining of truck trays or pipelines, silencers).  Construction activity: Noise will have an impact on  Maintain all equipment in order to keep it in good working conditions in accordance with adjacent residents. manufacturers‟ maintenance procedures. Equipment suppliers and contractors shall present proof of maintenance register of their equipment.  Install acoustic enclosures around generators to reduce noise levels.  Fit high efficiency mufflers to appropriate construction equipment.  Avoid the unnecessary use of alarms, horns and sirens.  Notify adjacent landholders prior any typical noise events outside of daylight hours.  Educate the operators of construction equipment on potential noise problems and the techniques to minimize noise emissions.

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising  Employ best available work practices on-site to minimize occupational noise levels.  Install temporary noise control barriers where appropriate.  Notify affected people if high noisy activities will be undertaken, e.g. pile driving.  Plan activities on site and deliveries to and from site to minimize impact.  Monitor and analyze noise and vibration results and adjust construction practices as required.  Avoid undertaking the noisiest activities, where possible, when working at night near the residential areas. Sewage Lack of proper sanitation  Provide hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. The toilets and domestic waste Contractor PIU/ CSC Pollution/ facilities will increase water will be collected through a common sewerage. Provide separate latrines and bathing Sanitation pressure on health hazards of places for males and females with total isolation by wall or by location. The minimum number Hazard workers. of toilet facilities required is one toilet for every ten persons.  Ensure the sanitary facilities are kept clean and without any odor.  Educate the workers of using the facilities. Solid Waste Solid waste pollution will  Organize disposal of all wastes generated during construction in an environmentally Pollution increase pressure on health acceptable manner. This will include consideration of the nature and location of disposal site, hazards of workers. so as to cause less offsite environmental impactse. The disposal site should be approved by PIU/CSC prior to usage and should be rehabilitated after usage to ensure the land is not exposed to soil erosion, wind and water stagnation.  Minimize the production of waste materials by 3R (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) approach.  Segregate and reuse or recycle all the wastes, wherever practical.  Prohibit burning of solid waste.  Train and instruct all personnel in waste management practices and procedures as a component of the environmental induction process.  Provide refuse containers at each worksite and worker camps.  Request suppliers to minimize packaging where practical.  Place a high emphasis on good housekeeping practices.  Maintain all construction sites in a cleaner, tidy and safe condition and provide and maintain

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising appropriate facilities as temporary storage of all wastes before transportation and final disposal by Savar Municipality.  Ensure proper collection and disposal of wastes within the construction camps from where Savar municipal will take by their truck and dispose at their dumping area.  Insist on waste separation and store by source; organic wastes, inorganic wastes and recyclables in separate containers.  Clear wastes on daily basis to waste collectors. Establish waste collection, transportation and disposal at the dumping site in adequate sizes of concrete chambers/boxes.  Dispose organic wastes in a designated safe place and should be kept covered so that flies, mosquitoes, dogs, cats, rats, etc. are not attracted. Encourage composting of organic waste that can be used for tree planting purposes.  Locate the garbage pit/waste disposal site away from the residence so that peoples are not disturbed with the odor likely to be produced from anaerobic decomposition of wastes at the waste dumping places. Encompass the waste dumping place by fencing and tree plantation to prevent children from entering and playing.  Do not establish site specific landfill sites. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in approved waste disposal sites. Landscape Construction activities  Ensure the topography of the construction yard is conducive to enhance natural draining of especially earthworks, stock rainwater at all times. piling of construction  Parking of construction vehicles and stockpiling of construction materials should be done in materials, parking of vehicles systematic way to avoid any drainage blockages, to enhance the aesthetics of the site. etc. will change topography and disturb the natural  Duration of stockpiling should be minimized as much as possible. rainwater drainage as well as will change the local landscape temporarily.

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising Access Construction vehicular traffic:  Prepare and submit a traffic management plan to the PIU for approval at least 30 days before Contractor PIU/ CSC Road/ Traffic Increased use of narrow commencing work on any project component involving traffic diversion and management. Congestion access road by construction  Include measures in the traffic management plan to ensure uninterrupted traffic movement vehicles will affect the during construction: detailed drawings of traffic arrangements showing all detours, access movement of normal road roads, necessary barricades, warning signs / lights, road signs, etc. traffics and the safety of the road-users.  Provide signs at strategic locations of the roads complying with the schedules of signs contained in the Bangladesh Road Traffic Regulations of BRTA.  Install and maintain a display board at each important road intersection on the roads to be used during construction, which shall clearly show the following information in Bangla:  Location: village name  Duration of construction period  Period of proposed detour / alternative route  Suggested detour route map  Name and contact address/telephone number of the concerned personnel  Name and contact address / telephone number of the Contractor  Inconvenience is sincerely regretted  Restrict truck deliveries to day time working hours (as common practice in Bangladesh) to avoid road accidents and to reduce inconveniences to the road users.  Restrict the transport of oversize loads.  Operate construction vehicles to non-peak periods (night) to minimize traffic disruptions.  Enforce on-site and access road speed limits. Note: Improvement of the access road has been started by LGED (Figure3.2). Access road should be improved fully prior to starting construction. Liquid/ Improper storage and  Train the relevant construction personnel in handling of fuels and spill control procedures. Contractor PIU/ CSC hazardous handling of fuels, lubricants,  Store dangerous goods in enclosed areas with a covering of a sealed plastic sheet away waste chemicals and hazardous from watercourses. liquid on-site, and potential spills from these liquid  Refueling shall occur only within enclosed areas. materials may harm the  Provide protective clothing, safety boots, helmets, masks, gloves, goggles, to the

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising environment and health of construction personnel, to handle construction materials. construction workers.  Make sure all containers, drums, and tanks that are used for storage are in good condition and are labeled with expiry date. Any container, drum, or tank that is dented, cracked, or rusted might eventually leak. Check for leakage regularly to identify potential problems before they occur.  Put containers and drums in temporary storages in clearly marked areas, where they will not be run over by vehicles or heavy machinery. The area shall be established in higher ground if possible preferably with a slope or drain to a safe collection area in the event of a spill.  Put containers and drums in permanent storage areas on an impermeable floor.  Take all precautionary measures when handling and storing fuels and lubricants, avoiding environmental pollution.  Ensure basic firefighting equipment are in place outside these storage areas in case of a fire. Construction Siting and Location of  Locate the construction camps inside the proposed construction area. Contractor PIU/ CSC Camp construction camps:  Consider the location of construction camps away from communities in order to avoid social Management Campsites for construction conflicts in using the natural resources such as water or to avoid other possible adverse workers are the important impacts such as unsuitable interactions with the surrounding communities. locations that have significant impacts such as health and  Submit to the PIU for approval a detailed layout plan for the development of the construction safety hazards on local camp showing the relative locations of all temporary buildings and facilities that are to be resources and infrastructure constructed together with the location of site roads, fuel storage areas (for use in power of nearby communities. supply generators), solid waste management and dumping locations, and drainage facilities, prior to the development of the construction camps.  Local authorities responsible for health, religious and security shall be duly informed on the set up of camp facilities so as to maintain effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters.  Create awareness among the camp users on health and safety requirements to be maintained and code of conduct. Construction Camp Facilities:  Adequate housing for all workers should be provided avoiding overcrowding. Contractor PIU/ CSC Lack of proper infrastructure  Provide safe and reliable water supply through deep tube wells of 300 m depth that meets facilities, such as housing, the national standards. water supply and sanitation

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising facilities will increase  Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. The toilets and domestic waste water will pressure on the local services be collected through a common sewerage. Provide separate latrines and bathing places for and generate substandard males and females with total isolation by wall or by location. The minimum number of toilet living conditions and health facilities required is one toilet for every ten persons. hazards.  Treatment facilities for sewerage of toilet and domestic waste.  Storm water drainage facilities.  Paved internal roads. Ensure grass/vegetation coverage making the use of top soil and there is no dust generation from the loose/exposed sandy surface. Pave the internal roads of at least haring-bond bricks (HBB) to suppress dusts and to avoid possible muddy surface during monsoon. Disposal of waste:  Ensure proper collection and disposal of solid wastes within the construction camps Contractor PIU/ CSC Management of wastes is  Insist on waste separation and store by source; organic wastes, inorganic wastes and crucial to minimize impacts recyclables in separate containers. on the environment.  Store inorganic wastes in a safe place and clear organic wastes on daily basis to waste collector or compost the waste.  Dispose organic wastes in a designated safe place on daily basis. At The organic wastes should be always covered with a thin layer of sand so that flies, mosquitoes, dogs, cats, rats, etc. are not attracted.  Locate the garbage pit/waste disposal site min 500 m away from the resident area so that people are not disturbed with the odor likely to be produced from anaerobic decomposition of wastes at the waste dumping places.  Do not establish site specific landfill sites. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in approval waste disposal sites. Health and Hygiene: There  Provide adequate health care facilities within the construction site. will be a potential for  Provide first aid facility round the clock. Maintain stock of medicines in the facility and appoint diseases to be transmitted fulltime designated first aider or nurse. including malaria, exacerbated by inadequate  Provide ambulance facility for the laborers to be transported to nearest hospitals (DEPZ health and safety practices. hospital) during an emergency. There will be an increased  Conduct an initial health screening of the laborers coming from outside areas. risk of work crews spreading

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising sexually transmitted  Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care issues and safety matters, infections and HIV/AIDS. and on the specific hazards of their work.  Provide HIV awareness program, including STI (sexually transmitted infections) and HIV information, education and communication for all workers on regular basis.  Establish a code of conduct for the contractor staff.  Provide adequate drainage facilities throughout the camps to ensure that disease vectors such as stagnant water bodies and puddles do not form.  Carry out regular mosquito repellant spraying during monsoon periods. Safety: In adequate safety  Provide appropriate security personnel (police / home guard or private security guards) and facilities to the construction enclosures to prevent unauthorized entry into the camp area. camps may create security  Maintain register to keep a track on a head count of persons present in the camp at any problems and fire hazards. given time.  Encourage use of flameproof material for the construction of labor housing / site office. Also, ensure that these houses/rooms are of sound construction and capable of withstanding wind storms/cyclones.  Provide appropriate type of fire fighting equipments suitable for the construction camps.  Display emergency contact numbers clearly and prominently at strategic places in camps.  Communicate the roles and responsibilities of laborers in case of emergency in the monthly meetings with contractors. Worker Construction work may pose  Implement suitable safety standards for all workers and site visitors which shall not be less Contractor PIU/ CSC Health and health and safety risks to the than those laid down on the international standards (e.g. International Labor Office guideline Safety construction workers and site on „Safety and Health in Construction; World Bank Group‟s „Environmental Health and Safety visitors leading to severe Guidelines‟) and contractor‟s own national standards or statutory regulations, in addition to injuries and deaths. The complying with the national standards of the Government of Bangladesh (e.g. `The population in the proximity of Bangladesh Labor Code, 2006‟). the construction site and the  Provide the workers a safe and healthy work environment, taking into account inherent risks construction workers will be of this particular construction activity and specific classes of hazards in the work areas, exposed to a number of (i) biophysical health risk  Provide personal protection equipment (PPE) for workers, such as safety boots, helmets, factors, (e.g. noise, dust, masks, gloves, protective clothing, goggles, full-face eye shields, and ear protection. Maintain chemicals, construction the PPE properly by cleaning dirty ones and replacing them with the damaged ones.

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising material, solid waste, waste  Safety procedures include provision of information, training and protective clothing to workers water, vector transmitted involved in hazardous operations and proper performance of their job. diseases etc), (ii) risk factors  Appoint an environment, health and safety manager to look after the health and safety of the resulting from human workers behavior (e.g. STD, HIV etc) and (iii) road accidents from  Inform the local authorities responsible for health, religious and security before construction traffic. commencement of civil works and establishment of construction camps so as to maintain effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters Child and pregnant labors.  Not hire children of less than 14 years of age and pregnant women or women who delivered Contractor PIU/ CSC a child within 8 preceding weeks, in accordance with the Bangladesh Labor Code, 2006 Accidents: Lack of first aid  Provide health care facilities and first aid facilities are readily available. Appropriately Contractor PIU/ CSC facilities and health care equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the place of work facilities in the immediate  Document and report occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents and actions taken. vicinity will aggravate the health conditions of the  Prevent accidents, injury, and disease arising from, associated with, or occurring in the victims. course of work by minimizing, so far as reasonably practicable, the causes of hazards in a manner consistent with good international industry practice.  Identify potential hazards to workers, particularly those that may be life-threatening and provide necessary preventive and protective measures.  Provide awareness to the construction drivers to strictly follow the driving rules.  Provide adequate lighting in the construction area and along the roads. Construction Camps: lack of  Adequate ventilation in all facilities. Contractor PIU/ CSC proper infrastructure facilities,  Safe and reliable water supply. Water supply from deep tube wells that meets the national such as housing, water standards. supply and sanitation facilities will increase pressure on the  Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. The toilets and domestic waste water will local services and generate be collected through a common sewerage. substandard living standards  Treatment facilities for sewerage of toilet and domestic waste before releasing into common and health hazards. systems.  Storm water drainage facilities.  Recreational and social facilities.  Safe storage facilities for petroleum and other chemicals.

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising  Solid waste collection and disposal system.  Arrangement for trainings (see Section 6.2.3.2).  Paved internal roads.  Security fence at least 2 m high.  Sick bay and first aid facilities. Water and sanitation facilities  The contractor shall provide portable toilets at the construction sites, if about 25 people are Contractor PIU/ CSC at the construction sites: lack working the whole day for a month. of Water sanitation facilities  Contractor shall provide bottled drinking water facilities to the construction workers at all the at construction sites cause construction sites. inconvenience to the construction workers and affect their personal hygiene. Other management: potential To reduce health risks to the construction workers and nearby community should follow: Contractor PIU/ CSC risks on health and hygiene  Liquid Waste Mitigation Measures. of construction workers and  Air Pollution Mitigation Measures. general public.  Noise Mitigation Measures.  Road/Road Traffic Management. Trainings: lack of awareness  Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care issues (e.g., how to avoid Contractor PIU/ CSC and basic knowledge in malaria and transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV/AIDS. health care among the construction workforce, make them susceptible to potential diseases. Operational Stage Drainage Local drainage system may . Maintain drains regularly as and when required. PIU- Field PIU: Central congestion: get clogged due to improper . Solid wastes should not be dumped into the drain. office 2 Unit/ PCU management of Solid waste, . Blocked drains should be cleaned properly and debris disposed at approved sites on a regular DEPZ and other materials. basis. Solid Waste  Water, air and land . Setting up of separate waste collectors at different points. PIU- Field PIU: Central Generation pollution cause diseases . Regular cleaning and replacing of waste collectors. office 2 Unit/ PCU  Public health, eyesore, . Waste disposal at a safe place. DEPZ

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising and Disposal odor . Savar Upazila Parishad to collect solid waste everyday and dispose to the landfill site  Disease vector . Encourage waste sorting by the facility users. proliferation, sanitary problems Sewage  Prohibition of water uses . Maintenance of Septic tanks, soak wells, pipes, etc. as and when required. PIU- Field PIU: Central waste for intended purposes . Provide a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and Soak Pit. office 2 Unit/ PCU  Causes water borne . Regular monitoring of water quality. DEPZ diseases Occupational Female trainer may face OHS . Measures need to be taken as the given below. PIU- Field PIU: Central Health and related issues as mentioned office 2 Unit/ PCU Safety of the in Chapter 5. DEPZ trainers, trainees and other management Staff

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 Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan

An Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) shall be established, operated and maintained for overall project. It is the responsibility and duty of the employer to ensure healthy and safe facility conditions. A fully transparent OHSMP is a powerful tool towards fulfilling the objectives. Meaningful participation by trainers and employees is required for optimum results and these could be obtainable through efficient awareness building and training program among the trainers and employees.

The initial system of assessment should include the needs for risk reduction and management related to HIV/AIDS at the place of work. The contents of the OHSMP manual is prepared from ILO-OHS 2001 and outlined in brief in the following Table 6.2.

Table: 6.2: Occupational Health Safety and Hygiene Management System Features

1. Occupational Health Safety and Hygiene Policy  Management‟s supports and direction 2. Organizational Framework of the OHSMP (Safety Organization)  Staffing of OHSMP  Operating procedures  Training program on all topics of OHSMP  System documentation  Communication 3. OHSMP Objectives  Realistic and achievable participation of all by supervision 4. Risk and Hazard Prevention  Prevention and control measures  Emergency preparedness/ awareness and response  Procurement (tools, equipment, services contractors, etc.) 5. Performance Monitoring, Investigation and Reporting  Hazards and natural calamities prevention measures  Ambient working environment  Work related injuries, ill health, diseases and on-going incidents  On-going Medical and safety monitoring program for all workers and employees 6. Evaluation  Feedback  Corrective measures  Action plan

 Disaster Management Plan Fire and Earthquake are major disaster for the buildings occupants causing injury and even deaths due to insufficient or lack of disaster management plan. In this regard the following should be taken into consideration to protect the properties and property users :

. There should be automatic fire/heat detecting system in each room in each floor of DTC buildings, as well as water sprinklers.

. There should be sufficient fire extinguishers in each floor which should be checked by the Fire Service Officials twice in a year.

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. The storage capacity of the fire fighting reservoir should not be less than 100 cu.m so that a rate of flow of 2250 lpm at a pressure of 3kg/sqm could be maintained which should be capable of fighting about 45 minutes in case of a fire.

. The buildings should have emergency fire exits.

. All electrical wirings should be built with good quality wire to prevent electrical leakages, fires and spread of fires.

. The high risk electrical area should be clearly marked with warnings to avoid dangerous practices in the vicinity so that there would be less chance of accidents from those installations.

. The building should be designed by considering proper earthquake load of the zone.

. There should be automatic system in the lift of dormitory (future provision) of the complex so that it would reach to the nearest floor and open the door during electricity failure.

. Site should be identified for assembly during fire or any other hazard with clear marking within and outside the buildings to reach safety.

. Awareness to be provided to building users on its safety precautions, code of conduct to minimize user-induced hazards and how to respond during hazardous events.

. Emergency contact numbers should be displayed in easily accessible areas

 Tree Plantation Program

Planting for landscaping and noise attenuation is suggested for DTC area of DEPZ. Total of 331 trees will be planted including 147 timber trees (50% @ 3m interval), 55 fruit trees (30% @ 2m interval), 34 fuel trees (10% @ 3m interval) and 17 medicinal trees (10% @ 3m intervals). Suitable tree species for DTC site of DEPZ are given below:

Table 6.3: Suitable Tree Species for DTC of DEPZ

Sl. Fruit Trees Timber Trees Fuel Wood Trees Medicine Tress No. 1 Amra (Spondias pinnata) Jarul (Lagerstroemia Bakphul (Sasbania Neem (Azarlira speciosa) grandiflora) chlaindica) 2 Mango (Mangifera Mehogini (Swietenia Debdaru (Polyalthia Arjun (Teominalia indica) mahagoni) longifolia) arjunna) 3 Black berry (Syzygium Shegun (Tectona Kadam (Anthocephalus Bohera (Terminalia cumini) grandis) chinensis) belliricha) 4 Jam (Syzygium cumuin) Akasmoni (Acacia Pitali (Trewta nudiflora) Hortuki auricoliformis) 5 Tamarind (Tamerindus Rain tree (Samanea Krhisnochura Royal Amloki indica) saman) Poinciana (Delonix regia) 6 Date palm (Phonix - - - sylvestries) 7 Jackfruit (Artocarpus - - - Heterophoillus)- 6.2.1.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environmental monitoring is a very important aspect of environmental management to safeguard the environment. During construction, environmental monitoring will ensure the protection of fertile top soils, potential soil erosion from embankment, drainage congestion, and degradation of environmental quality.

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In accordance with the EMP, an environmental monitoring plan (MP) has been developed and presented in Table 6.4. The contract documents will contain a listing of all required monitoring measures and a time frame for the compliance monitoring of these activities. The monitoring will comprise surveillance to check whether the contractor is meeting the provisions of the contract during construction and operation of the Project including the responsible agencies for supervision.

The PIU through a CSC will be responsible to supervise monitoring activities of all contractors procured under the Project. The PIU during project implementation will:

 Supervise the environmental monitoring regularly based on the monitoring and management plan prepared in this report with the assistance of CSC. Submit quarterly reports based on the monitoring data and laboratory analysis report: main parameters to be monitored by the contractor are outlined in Table 6.4.

 Oversee that the contractor is complying with all monitoring measures and has subcontracted a recognized organization for data collection for monitoring purposes. It is recommended to use the same institutions that collected the baseline data to avoid possible calibration and methodology errors.

The PIU shall submit the following environmental reporting documentation to PCU:

 Environmental Monitoring Reports: The environmental monitoring reports will include environmental mitigation measures undertaken, environmental monitoring activities undertaken, details of monitoring data collected, analysis of monitoring results, new recommended mitigation measures, environmental training conducted, and environmental regulatory violations. The environmental monitoring reports will be submitted monthly during the construction period and quarterly for three years after completion of construction.

 Project Completion Environmental Monitoring Report: Three years after completion of construction, the PIU shall submit a Project Completion Environmental Monitoring Report to PCU which will summarize the overall environmental impacts from the Project.

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Table 6.4 1: Environmental Monitoring Program during Pre Construction, Construction and Operation Stages

Environmental Monitoring Parameter Means of Monitoring Frequency Location Responsible Agency Aspect Implemented By Supervised By Pre Construction Stage Removal of Electricity Monitoring all prescribed Visual inspection to During site clearance Proposed DTC site of REB PIU- Field office line mitigation measures in ensure the shifting of the operations DEPZ 2 DEPZ Mitigation Table (Table 6.1) electric line Construction Stage Ground Water pH, Manganese( Mn), Laboratory analysis During construction of Inside the boundary Contractor PIU- Field office Quality Arsenic(As), Iron(Fe), against the baseline deep tube-well for DTC of DTC of DEPZ (as through a 2 DEPZ Ammonia Nitrogen(NH3-N), established per design) nationally Total Hardness, Chlioride, recognized

Fecal Coliform(FC), Total laboratory

Coliform(TC) Air Quality SPM, SO2, NOx Laboratory analysis During construction At the construction Contractor PIU- Field office against the baseline (1 in 3 months) site through a 2 DEPZ established nationally recognized laboratory Noise Level Measurement of noise dB(A)  Laboratory analysis During day time and Near residential area, Contractor PIU- Field office against the baseline whenever any mosque institutional through a 2 DEPZ established complains are received area and site. nationally about disturbance due recognized Visual inspection to  to construction noise laboratory ensure good Noise measurements standard equipment and routine checks on are in use, maintenance records  Visual inspection to once in 3 months ensure ear plugs are in use by the construction workers  Inspection of vehicle and equipment maintenance records

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Environmental Monitoring Parameter Means of Monitoring Frequency Location Responsible Agency Aspect Implemented By Supervised By Occupational health  Check of personal protective Visual inspection Weekly Construction Site Contractor PIU- Field office equipment (PPE) for workers 2 DEPZ at the sites  Check if Health, First-Aid facility, and staff trained in First Aid are available at the sites  Check if medical checkup of workers is on going Other specified Check if all requirements are Visual inspection Weekly Construction Site, the Contractor PIU- Field office mitigation measures adhered to surroundings 2 DEPZ as per the EMP including access roads and contractor- managed off sites Operation Stage Ground Water pH, Manganese( Mn), Arsenic( Laboratory analysis Quarterly DTC Building water PIU- Field office PIU- Field office Quality As), Iron(Fe), Ammonia supply system 2 DEPZ through 2 DEPZ Nitrogen(NH3-N), Total a nationally Hardness, Chlioride, Fecal recognized Coliform(FC), Total laboratory Coliform(TC) Noise Level Measurement of noise dB(A) Laboratory analysis Quarterly (24 hours) Four corners of the PIU- Field office PIU- Field office and whenever any site boundary, at 200 2 DEPZ through 2 DEPZ complain is received m and 300 m from a nationally about disturbance due the following recognized to noise level locations: (i) laboratory residential, (ii) institutional (school, mosque), (iii) silent (hospital) area Air Quality SPM, SO2, NOx Laboratory analysis Quarterly (8 hours Inside the project PIU- Field office PIU- Field office continuous for two boundary 2 DEPZ through 2 DEPZ days) a nationally recognized laboratory

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Environmental Monitoring Parameter Means of Monitoring Frequency Location Responsible Agency Aspect Implemented By Supervised By Tree plantation Select healthy sapling to Visual inspection to Monthly As per Master Plan Contractor and PIU- Field office Program confirm survival rate ensure plantations in PIU- Field office 2 DEPZ and Monitoring plantation green areas and other 2 DEPZ PCU procedure designated sites. Maintenance of plants

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6.2.1.2 Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Development

List of various key institutions and their roles and responsibilities for implementation of EMP are given in the following sections: . Profile of Key Institutions a) Bangladesh Export Processing Zone

In order to stimulate rapid economic growth of the country, particularly through industrialization, the government has adopted an 'Open Door Policy' to attract foreign investment to Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority (BEPZA) is the official organ of the government to promote, attract and facilitate foreign investment in the Export Processing Zones. The objectives of BEPZA are:

 Promotion of foreign (FDI) & local investment  Diversification of export  Development of backward & forward linkages  Generation of employment  Transfer of technology  Upgrading of skills  Development of management

An export processing zone (EPZ) is defined as a territorial or economic enclave in which goods may be imported and manufactured and reshipped with a reduction in duties / and/or minimal intervention by custom officials (World Bank 1999). EPZ Provides:

. Plots/factory buildings in custom bonded area . Infrastructural facilities . Administrative facilities . Fiscal and non-fiscal incentives.

BEPZA is headed by an Executive Chairman (EC) appointed from the Prime Minister‟s office. There are three members under EC: (i) member (Investment Promotion) (ii) Member (Engineering) and (iii) Member (Finance).

A special organizational setup is proposed for NARI project: A Project Coordination Unit (PCU) established within BEPZA for coordination activities and Project Implementation Unit (PIU) for implementation requirements. PIU has been set up to manage the three PIU-Field Offices namely; PIU-Dhaka EPZ, PIU- Ishwardi EPZ and PIU- Karnaphuli EPZ. b) Need for Institutional Strengthening of BEPZA

Presently, BEPZA has no permanent Environmental Unit (EU). Generally, short term EU‟s are established within the project implementation units created for projects undertaken by BEPZA. Currently BEPZA has no staff with previous experience in implementing environmental management and monitoring.

Generally, BEPZA will outsource key services to organization well-suited to the conditions in Bangladesh.

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A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) for NARI Project has been established as an ad hoc office to manage the preparation (and subsequently implementation) of the proposed NARI project. The PIU has a central office headed by a Project Director. Also the PIU- Central office has three PIU-field Offices.

Organizational structure of PCU and PIU is shown in Figure 6-1.

Figure 6.1: Organogram of PCU and PIU

Project Coordination Unit (PCU) Coordinating Director

BEPZA Project Implementation Unit (PIU) Project Director

PIU- Field Office 2 (Dhaka EPZ) - A Deputy Project Director Environmental & Social Unit (ESU) - A Project Officer Deputy Project Director (General Manager) - A training Center Officer - Two support staff

Superintended Engineer

Executive Engineer (Civil)

EPZAuthority

D Assistant Engineer (civil)

Sub-assistant Engineer (Civil)

Main tasks of the Environmental and Social Unit (ESU) include:  Planning and implementation of EMP  Preparation of TOR for studies/surveys/data collection to be carried out under EMP  Selection of consultants, NGOs for different components of EMP implementation, including environmental enhancement plans  Supervision and monitoring of the progress of activities of the consultants and NGOs engaged by PIU for implementation of different components of EMP  Evaluation of construction related environmental impacts and monitoring of adherence of the EMP  Responsible for modifications of the EMP when there are adaptation/changes during implementation.  Implementation of environmental monitoring measures (such as environmental quality monitoring, tree plantation, landscaping, wild life monitoring) during O/M stage of the Project.

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 Monitoring of water supply, sanitation and health conditions at the project site  Preparation of reports to PCU and co-financers  Management and administration of environmental enhancement fund  Maintain liaison with other government, semi-government and non-government organizations, universities, research institutes in the country on the matters of mutual interest related to environmental management  Facilitate consultations necessary with stakeholders related to environmental management. Job Description of Key Staff in ESU

The job description of the key staff in EU is given in the following sections: i. Deputy Project Director (DPD)/ (General Manager, DEPZ)  S/He will do the overall monitoring of EA and EMP implementation for the site.  S/He will co-ordinate with design Consultants (DC) for matters relating to Environment of DTC.  S/He will maintain liaison with Co-financers, Consultant and other relevant organization for implementation of EIA and EMP.  S/He will do the overall Supervision of the Environmental Unit for implementation Environment Management Plan properly.  S/He will co-ordinate, Supervise and Monitor the progress of activities of the Design Consultants (DC), NGOs and Design & Supervision Consultants (DSC).  S/He will evaluate the activities of Construction Contractors for maintaining Environmental related issues properly.  S/He will maintain liaison with the Panel of Experts relating to environment of DTC.  S/He will maintain close co-ordination with the PCU of NARI Project.  S/He will take steps to train the officers and staff of Environmental Unit.  S/He will take actions on any other related matters assigned by the proper authority. ii. Superintending Engineer (Civil)  S/He will supervise and monitor of the progress of activities of the consultants (DC), NGOs and Design and Supervision consultants.  S/He will liaise with Design Consultants for preparation of ToR to get Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) from Department of Environment (DoE).  S/He will maintain liaison with other Organization for implementation of EMP and EIA.  S/He will monitor implementation of EMP and EIA.  S/He will prepare progress report on Environmental issues to the authority and submit it.  S/He will do the administrative supervision over the subordinate officers and staff.  S/He will bring notice of his superior officers any adverse effects that are likely to occur in relation to environmental matters.  S/He will notify the DPD of any specific training needs for the officers and staff.  S/He will monitor and evaluate the activities of construction contractors to ensure maintenance of Environmental Parameters within required standards.  Any other relevant works which will order from higher Authority iii. Executive Engineer (Civil)  An Executive Engineer (civil) will work under the direct supervision and instruction of a responsible senior officer of Executive Engineer grade or above.

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 The Senior Assistant Engineer (Environment) is required to report on all issues concerning his work to Executive Engineer (Environment).  The Senior Assistant Engineer (Environment) shall exercise the extent of authority delegated to him by Executive Engineer (Environment) or higher authority.  S/He will check the draft reports, Drawings, etc submitted by the Design Consultant for approval and draw attention of Superintend Engineer (civil) or higher authority for necessary action.  S/He will ensure that all operations s/he carries out or which are carried out by her/his subordinates are consistent with the work program. S/He will highlight any shortcomings and deficiencies and bring these to the immediate attention of the concerned officers and staff.  S/He will ensure that the execution of all works and other operations of her/his work and that of her/his subordinates are carried out in accordance with the Acts, Ordinance, Rules, Regulations and Directives issued by the Government from time to time.  S/He will ensure that all reports and other information required from her/his office are completed accurately in the required formats and are submitted to Executive Engineer (Environment) within the due time.  The Senior Assistant Engineer is responsible for the proper functioning and discipline of her/his subordinate staffs and s/he will report cases of default to Superintend Engineer (civil)  S/He will supervise and monitor the progress of activities of the consultants (DC), NGOs and Design & supervision consultants as specified by Superintend Engineer (civil) or higher authority.  If the authority instructs s/he will maintain liaison with consultants for preparation of ToR for getting Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) from Department of Environment (DOE) and/or with Organization for implementation of EMP and EIA.  S/He will monitor implementation of EMP & EIA.  S/He will prepare progress report on Environmental issues and submit it to the authority.  S/He will ensure administrative control over the subordinate officer and staff.  S/He will bring the notice of her/his authority any problems or hazards which have, as are likely to occur in the implementation of her/his work.  S/He will notify the DPD of any specific training needs for the officers and staff.  S/He will monitor the activities of constructions contractors for their maintaining Environmental Parameter in required standards.  S/He will carry on any other works as ordered by the Authority. iv. Assistant Engineer (Civil)  S/He will work under the direct supervision and instruction of a responsible senior officer of Executive Engineer.  S/He is required to report on all issues concerning his work to his responsible senior officer.  S/He will exercise the extent of authority delegated to him by his responsible senior officer.  S/He is responsible for the proper functioning and discipline of his subordinate staff and he will report cases of default to his responsible senior officer. v. Sub Assistant Engineer (Civil)  S/He will work under the direct supervision and instruction of a responsible senior officer of Assistant Engineer.  S/He is required to report on all issues concerning her/his work to her/his responsible senior officer.  S/He will exercise the extent of authority delegated to her/him by her/his responsible senior officer.  S/He is responsible for the proper functioning and discipline of her/his subordinate staff and s/he will report cases of default to her/his responsible senior officer.

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 S/He will maintain all initial accounts for expenditure under her/his charge and submit them to the responsible senior officer within the prescribed date. d) Construction Supervision Consultants

The PIU will hire a construction supervision consultant (CSC) for supervision of implementation of civil works, including supervision and implementation of EMP. The CSC will consist of an environmental and social unit with one environmental expert and EHS specialist. The Environmental specialists of CSC, in coordination with ESU staff, will ensure the implementation of environmental management practices at each stage of the project activities. The CSC will also be responsible for updating EMP, if required. Table 6.5: Proposed Environmental Specialists for CSC

Sl. No Expertise Consultants 1 Environmental Specialist/Engineer (1) 2 Environment, Health, and Safety Specialist e) Contractor

Contractor procured under this NARI Project will be recommended to be a compliant of ISO 1400:1 Environmental Management System (EMS) certification. Further conditions of compliancy for OHSAH 1800:1 (2007) related Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and SA 8000:1 (Social Accountability) could also be imposed on the Contractors. Each contractor will be recommended to have one Environmental Specialist and one Occupational, Health and Safety Specialist, who will be working in close coordination with the environmental staff of CSC and PIU. f) Other Relevant Organizations

The other relevant organizations involved in the implementation of EMP are those mentioned in the Figure 9.2 Department of Environment (DoE) oversee implementation of all development projects in the country verifying that the environmental requirements are fulfilled, government guidelines and procedures are followed and environmental quality standards are maintained properly. DoE will be consulted in case of complicated issues and if any activity requires any further environmental clearance certificates (ECC). Local Government and Engineering Department (LGED) will be responsible for constructing the access road. Forest Department will help the PIU with tree plantation in the DTC site. The district administration is responsible for traffic management, law and order and resolving the social disputes that may arise during construction activities. . Proposed Institutional Strengthening of PIU

Following institutional strengthening and capacity building programs are proposed for PIU for strengthening their capacity in EMP implementation: Step A: Creation of Safeguards (Environment and Social Unit) Department in PCU Step B: Capacity building initiatives involving oriented trainings for the staff. a) Capacity Building Programs involving Training for the staff

This involves continuous and subject-oriented trainings on developing capacity of the PIU staff and other capacity building initiatives on:  Social and Environmental issues of the Project  Social and Environmental laws and regulations, norms, procedures and guidelines of GOB and co- financiers  Environmental and Social safeguards, their importance and benefits

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 Preparation of EIA/SIA such as screening and/or scoping and adequacy of impact assessment, EMP provisions, Costing, etc.  Preparation of ToRs and other documentation  Environmental and Social Management System and preparation of Social Monitoring Framework (SMF)  Preparation of Environmental and Social covenants in loan agreement  Disciplines like Environmental Management, Sustainable development, Environment Economics, Environment Auditing, etc.  Behavioural Sciences  Some of the senior representatives should receive environmental and social safeguard training under a recognized program (national and/or overseas).

Contractor for major components of the project shall have Environmental, Health and Safety Manager. In addition, capacity building and training for the contractors‟ staff will be provided in the following areas:  Orientation program on HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases  Orientation on how to conform with the religious sensitivity of the project area and other codes of conduct  On the job training on EMP implementation.  Orientation of health and safety standards requirements and health and safety measure of the site. b) An initial model of training program will comprise of the following schedule:

Training Module 1: (For PIU and Contractor) (i) Environmental issues related to NARI Project (ii) Environment policy & legislation of Bangladesh, guidelines on E&S safeguards of World Bank.

Training Module 2: (For PIU and Contractor) (i) Environment Impact assessment of DTC building and related studies conducted for the purpose. (ii) Environment baseline data of DTC including physical, ecological and social aspects and environment quality.

Training Module 3: (For PIU) (i) Environment Management and Monitoring Plan of DTC. (ii) Organisational responsibilities and implementation schedules

Training Module 4: (For PIU) (i) Monitoring and Evaluation: analysis of environment data and its interpretation. (ii) Reporting of environmental monitoring.

. Institutional Framework for Implementing EMP

Proposed Institutional Framework for Implementation of EMP is shown in Figure 6.2.

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Figure 6.2: Proposed Institutional Framework for Implementation of EMP

BEPZA

PCU

PIU- Central Unit

Construction PIU- Field Department of Environment, REB, Supervision Office 2, Consultant (CSC) DEPZ/ LGED, Forest ESU Department (FD)

Contractors/ NGOs/ Small Contract

EMP

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6.2.1.3 Environmental Monitoring Cost

The environmental monitoring cost is given in Table 6-5. The costs of the monitoring will comprise: Air. water, noise quality monitoring through sample collection and laboratory analysis.

The total cost for implementation of the monitoring is estimated as USD 40,059 during construction and operation/yr.

Table 6.6: Cost of environmental monitoring during construction and operation

Rate Amount No. Activities/item Unit No Quantity (USD) (USD) 1 A. Tree Plantation No 1 3 331 759

B. Monitoring Cost 1. CSC (Environmental No 1 3,000 1 3,000 Specialist/Engineer) 2. Transportation for Site Visits LS 1 200 1 200 3. Air, Water and Noise Quality Testing No 1 4000 1 4,000 4. Contingency LS 2,000 Sub Total 9,200 C. Operational Monitoring Cost/ yr 1. External Monitor No 1 3,000 1 3,000 2. Water quality testing No 12 1500 1 18000 3. Air Quality Testing No 3 2000 1 6000 4. Noise Quality Testing No 3 200 1 600 5. Contingency LS 2500 Sub Total 30,100 Total (A+B+C) 40,059

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6.2.2 DTC of IEPZ

On the basis of discussion in Section 5.3, the possible mitigation measures presented in the following Table 6.7 are suggested for the medium and significant impacts. A mitigation measure will be considered as successful when it complies with the EQS set by DoE. In absence of DoE‟s own EQS, WHO or other recognized organizations will be applied.

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Table 6.7: Mitigation/Enhancement Measures during Pre- Construction and Construction and Operation Stages of DTC, IEPZ

Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising Pre-Construction Stage Design of Improper design of project  All project facilities are to be designed in accordance with the planning and design norms BEPZA Consultant Project facilities will lead to proposed in „Chapter 3 of this EA report. facilities environmental degradation.  Earthquake hazard should be considered in the structural design of the DTC building. Access Road No entry gate to the proposed  The IEPZ authority has demarcated the entrance gate of the proposed DTC site. Contractor PIU/ Facilities DTC site of IEPZ area which  RHD/LGED will build the access road External will hamper the movement of Supervisor Construction vehicles and  Need related HSE policy maintenance in gate construction. construction workers. Construction Stage Air Pollution - Construction vehicular  Fit vehicles with appropriate exhaust systems and emission control devices. Contractor PIU/ CSC traffic: Air quality can be  Maintain vehicles and construction equipment in good working condition including regular affected by vehicle exhaust servicing. emissions and combustion of fuels.  Operate the vehicles in a fuel efficient manner.  Cover haul vehicles carrying dusty materials moving outside the construction site. - Construction machinery:  Impose speed limits (maximum 20 km/hr) on all vehicle movement at the worksite and Air quality can be adversely through access roads to reduce dust emissions. affected by emissions from machinery and combustion of  Control the movement of construction traffic in the access road. fuels.  Water spray to the construction materials (especially sand & boulder/brick chips) prior to loading and transport. - Construction activities:  Focus special attention on containing the emissions from generators Dust generation from construction sites, material  Machinery causing excess pollution (e.g. visible smoke) should be banned from construction stockpiles and access roads. sites or fixed immediately prior to further usage.  Provide filtering systems, dust collectors or humidification or other techniques (as applicable) to the concrete mixing plant to control the particle emissions at all its stages, including unloading, collection, aggregate handling, cement dumping, circulation of trucks and machinery inside the installations.  Water spray to the material stockpiles, access roads and bare soils as and when required to minimize the potential environmental nuisance due to dust. Increase the watering frequency

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising during periods of high risk (e.g. high winds and dry periods). Stored materials such as boulders and sand should be covered and confined to avoid them being wind-drifted.  Erect dust barriers along the boundary of the land to reduce dust movement to the surrounding areas.  Minimize the extent and period of exposure of the bare surfaces.  Reschedule earthwork activities when practical, if necessary to avoid during periods of high wind and if visible dust is blowing off-site.  Restore disturbed areas as soon as possible by vegetation/grass-turfing.  Establish adequate locations for storage, mixing and loading of construction materials, in a way that dust dispersion is prevented because of such operations. Noise  Construction vehicular  Maintain all vehicles in order to keep them in good working order in accordance with Contractor PIU/ CSC Pollution traffic: Noise quality will be manufacturers maintenance procedures. deteriorated due to increased  Make sure all drivers will comply with the traffic codes concerning maximum speed limit, vehicular traffic. driving hours, etc. (20 km/hr during night time).  Construction machinery:  Organize the loading and unloading of trucks, and handling operations for the purpose of Noise and vibration will have minimizing construction noise on the work site. an impact on adjacent  Appropriately site all noise generating activities to avoid noise pollution to local residents. surrounding residents.  Modify equipment to reduce noise (for example, noise control kits, lining of truck trays or pipelines, silencers).  Construction activity: Noise will have an impact on  Maintain all equipment in order to keep it in good working conditions in accordance with adjacent residents. manufacturers‟ maintenance procedures. Equipment suppliers and contractors shall present proof of maintenance register of their equipment.  Install acoustic enclosures around generators to reduce noise levels.  Fit high efficiency mufflers to appropriate construction equipment.  Avoid the unnecessary use of alarms, horns and sirens.  Notify adjacent landholders prior any typical noise events outside of daylight hours.  Educate the operators of construction equipment on potential noise problems and the techniques to minimize noise emissions.  Employ best available work practices on-site to minimize occupational noise levels.

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising  Install temporary noise control barriers where appropriate.  Notify affected people if high noisy activities will be undertaken, e.g. pile driving.  Plan activities on site and deliveries to and from site to minimize impact.  Monitor and analyze noise and vibration results and adjust construction practices as required.  Avoid undertaking the noisiest activities, where possible, when working at night near the residential areas. Sewage Lack of proper sanitation  Provide hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. The toilets and domestic waste Contractor PIU/ CSC Pollution/ facilities will increase water will be collected through a common sewerage. Provide separate latrines and bathing Sanitation pressure on health hazards of places for males and females with total isolation by wall or by location. The minimum number Hazard workers. of toilet facilities required is one toilet for every ten persons.  Ensure the sanitary facilities are kept clean and without any odor.  Educate the workers of using the facilities. Solid Waste Solid waste pollution will  Organize disposal of all wastes generated during construction in an environmentally Pollution increase pressure on health acceptable manner. This will include consideration of the nature and location of disposal site, hazards of workers. so as to cause less offsite environmental impacts. The disposal site should be approved by PIU/CSC prior to usage and should be rehabilitated after usage to ensure the land is not exposed to soil erosion, wind and water stagnation.  Minimize the production of waste materials by 3R (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) approach.  Segregate and reuse or recycle all the wastes, wherever practical.  Prohibit burning of solid waste.  Train and instruct all personnel in waste management practices and procedures as a component of the environmental induction process.  Provide refuse containers at each worksite and worker camps.  Request suppliers to minimize packaging where practical.  Place a high emphasis on good housekeeping practices.  Maintain all construction sites in a cleaner, tidy and safe condition and provide and maintain appropriate facilities as temporary storage of all wastes before transportation and final

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising disposal by Savar Municipality.  Ensure proper collection and disposal of wastes within the construction camps from where Savar municipal will take by their truck and dispose at their dumping area.  Insist on waste separation and store by source; organic wastes, inorganic wastes and recyclables in separate containers.  Clear wastes on daily basis to waste collectors. Establish waste collection, transportation and disposal at the dumping site in adequate sizes of concrete chambers/boxes.  Dispose organic wastes in a designated safe place and should be kept covered so that flies, mosquitoes, dogs, cats, rats, etc. are not attracted. Encourage composting of organic waste that can be used for tree planting purposes.  Locate the garbage pit/waste disposal site away from the residence so that peoples are not disturbed with the odor likely to be produced from anaerobic decomposition of wastes at the waste dumping places. Encompass the waste dumping place by fencing and tree plantation to prevent children from entering and playing.  Do not establish site specific landfill sites. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in approved waste disposal sites. Landscape Construction activities  Ensure the topography of the construction yard is conducive to enhance natural draining of especially earthworks, stock rainwater at all times. piling of construction  Parking of construction vehicles and stockpiling of construction materials should be done in materials, parking of vehicles systematic way to avoid any drainage blockages, to enhance the aesthetics of the site. etc. will change topography and disturb the natural  Duration of stockpiling should be minimized as much as possible. rainwater drainage as well as will change the local landscape temporarily.

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising Access Construction vehicular traffic:  Prepare and submit a traffic management plan to the PIU for approval at least 30 days before Contractor PIU/ CSC Road/ Traffic Increased use of narrow commencing work on any project component involving traffic diversion and management. Congestion access road by construction  Include measures in the traffic management plan to ensure uninterrupted traffic movement vehicles will affect the during construction: detailed drawings of traffic arrangements showing all detours, access movement of normal road roads, necessary barricades, warning signs / lights, road signs, etc. traffics and the safety of the road-users.  Provide signs at strategic locations of the roads complying with the schedules of signs contained in the Bangladesh Road Traffic Regulations of BRTA.  Install and maintain a display board at each important road intersection on the roads to be used during construction, which shall clearly show the following information in Bangla:  Location: village name  Duration of construction period  Period of proposed detour / alternative route  Suggested detour route map  Name and contact address/telephone number of the concerned personnel  Name and contact address / telephone number of the Contractor  Inconvenience is sincerely regretted  Restrict truck deliveries to day time working hours (as common practice in Bangladesh) to avoid road accidents and to reduce inconveniences to the road users.  Restrict the transport of oversize loads.  Operate construction vehicles to non-peak periods (night) to minimize traffic disruptions.  Enforce on-site and access road speed limits. Note: Improvement of the access road has been started by LGED (Figure3.2). Access road should be improved fully prior to starting construction.

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising Liquid/ Improper storage and  Train the relevant construction personnel in handling of fuels and spill control procedures. Contractor PIU/ CSC hazardous handling of fuels, lubricants,  Store dangerous goods in enclosed areas with a covering of a sealed plastic sheet away waste chemicals and hazardous from watercourses. liquid on-site, and potential spills from these liquid  Refueling shall occur only within enclosed areas. materials may harm the  Provide protective clothing, safety boots, helmets, masks, gloves, goggles, to the environment and health of construction personnel, to handle construction materials. construction workers.  Make sure all containers, drums, and tanks that are used for storage are in good condition and are labeled with expiry date. Any container, drum, or tank that is dented, cracked, or rusted might eventually leak. Check for leakage regularly to identify potential problems before they occur.  Put containers and drums in temporary storages in clearly marked areas, where they will not be run over by vehicles or heavy machinery. The area shall be established in higher ground if possible preferably with a slope or drain to a safe collection area in the event of a spill.  Put containers and drums in permanent storage areas on an impermeable floor.  Take all precautionary measures when handling and storing fuels and lubricants, avoiding environmental pollution.  Ensure basic firefighting equipment are in place outside these storage areas in case of a fire. Construction Siting and Location of  Locate the construction camps inside the proposed construction area. Contractor PIU/ CSC Camp construction camps:  Consider the location of construction camps away from communities in order to avoid social Management Campsites for construction conflicts in using the natural resources such as water or to avoid other possible adverse workers are the important impacts such as unsuitable interactions with the surrounding communities. locations that have significant impacts such as health and  Submit to the PIU for approval a detailed layout plan for the development of the construction safety hazards on local camp showing the relative locations of all temporary buildings and facilities that are to be resources and infrastructure constructed together with the location of site roads, fuel storage areas (for use in power of nearby communities. supply generators), solid waste management and dumping locations, and drainage facilities, prior to the development of the construction camps.  Local authorities responsible for health, religious and security shall be duly informed on the set up of camp facilities so as to maintain effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters.  Create awareness among the camp users on health and safety requirements to be

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising maintained and code of conduct. Construction Camp Facilities:  Adequate housing for all workers should be provided avoiding overcrowding. Contractor PIU/ CSC Lack of proper infrastructure  Provide safe and reliable water supply through deep tube wells of 300 m depth that meets facilities, such as housing, the national standards. water supply and sanitation facilities will increase  Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. The toilets and domestic waste water will pressure on the local services be collected through a common sewerage. Provide separate latrines and bathing places for and generate substandard males and females with total isolation by wall or by location. The minimum number of toilet living conditions and health facilities required is one toilet for every ten persons. hazards.  Treatment facilities for sewerage of toilet and domestic waste.  Storm water drainage facilities.  Paved internal roads. Ensure grass/vegetation coverage making the use of top soil and there is no dust generation from the loose/exposed sandy surface. Pave the internal roads of at least haring-bond bricks (HBB) to suppress dusts and to avoid possible muddy surface during monsoon. Disposal of waste:  Ensure proper collection and disposal of solid wastes within the construction camps Contractor PIU/ CSC Management of wastes is  Insist on waste separation and store by source; organic wastes, inorganic wastes and crucial to minimize impacts recyclables in separate containers. on the environment.  Store inorganic wastes in a safe place and clear organic wastes on daily basis to waste collector or compost the waste.  Dispose organic wastes in a designated safe place on daily basis. At The organic wastes should be always covered with a thin layer of sand so that flies, mosquitoes, dogs, cats, rats, etc. are not attracted.  Locate the garbage pit/waste disposal site min 500 m away from the resident area so that people are not disturbed with the odor likely to be produced from anaerobic decomposition of wastes at the waste dumping places.  Do not establish site specific landfill sites. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in approval waste disposal sites. Health and Hygiene: There  Provide adequate health care facilities within the construction site. will be a potential for  Provide first aid facility round the clock. Maintain stock of medicines in the facility and appoint diseases to be transmitted fulltime designated first aider or nurse.

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising including malaria,  Provide ambulance facility for the laborers to be transported to nearest hospitals (DEPZ exacerbated by inadequate hospital) during an emergency. health and safety practices.  Conduct an initial health screening of the laborers coming from outside areas. There will be an increased risk of work crews spreading  Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care issues and safety matters, sexually transmitted and on the specific hazards of their work. infections and HIV/AIDS.  Provide HIV awareness program, including STI (sexually transmitted infections) and HIV information, education and communication for all workers on regular basis.  Establish a code of conduct for the contractor staff.  Provide adequate drainage facilities throughout the camps to ensure that disease vectors such as stagnant water bodies and puddles do not form.  Carry out regular mosquito repellant spraying during monsoon periods. Safety: In adequate safety  Provide appropriate security personnel (police / home guard or private security guards) and facilities to the construction enclosures to prevent unauthorized entry into the camp area. camps may create security  Maintain register to keep a track on a head count of persons present in the camp at any problems and fire hazards. given time.  Encourage use of flameproof material for the construction of labor housing / site office. Also, ensure that these houses/rooms are of sound construction and capable of withstanding wind storms/cyclones.  Provide appropriate type of fire fighting equipments suitable for the construction camps.  Display emergency contact numbers clearly and prominently at strategic places in camps.  Communicate the roles and responsibilities of laborers in case of emergency in the monthly meetings with contractors.

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising Worker Construction work may pose  Implement suitable safety standards for all workers and site visitors which shall not be less Contractor PIU/ CSC Health and health and safety risks to the than those laid down on the international standards (e.g. International Labor Office guideline Safety construction workers and site on „Safety and Health in Construction; World Bank Group‟s „Environmental Health and Safety visitors leading to severe Guidelines‟) and contractor‟s own national standards or statutory regulations, in addition to injuries and deaths. The complying with the national standards of the Government of Bangladesh (e.g. `The population in the proximity of Bangladesh Labor Code, 2006‟). the construction site and the  Provide the workers a safe and healthy work environment, taking into account inherent risks construction workers will be of this particular construction activity and specific classes of hazards in the work areas, exposed to a number of (i) biophysical health risk  Provide personal protection equipment (PPE) for workers, such as safety boots, helmets, factors, (e.g. noise, dust, masks, gloves, protective clothing, goggles, full-face eye shields, and ear protection. Maintain chemicals, construction the PPE properly by cleaning dirty ones and replacing them with the damaged ones. material, solid waste, waste  Safety procedures include provision of information, training and protective clothing to workers water, vector transmitted involved in hazardous operations and proper performance of their job. diseases etc), (ii) risk factors  Appoint an environment, health and safety manager to look after the health and safety of the resulting from human workers behavior (e.g. STD, HIV etc)  Inform the local authorities responsible for health, religious and security before and (iii) road accidents from commencement of civil works and establishment of construction camps so as to maintain construction traffic. effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters Child and pregnant labors.  Not hire children of less than 14 years of age and pregnant women or women who delivered Contractor PIU/ CSC a child within 8 preceding weeks, in accordance with the Bangladesh Labor Code, 2006 Accidents: Lack of first aid  Provide health care facilities and first aid facilities are readily available. Appropriately Contractor PIU/ CSC facilities and health care equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the place of work facilities in the immediate  Document and report occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents and actions taken. vicinity will aggravate the health conditions of the  Prevent accidents, injury, and disease arising from, associated with, or occurring in the victims. course of work by minimizing, so far as reasonably practicable, the causes of hazards in a manner consistent with good international industry practice.  Identify potential hazards to workers, particularly those that may be life-threatening and provide necessary preventive and protective measures.  Provide awareness to the construction drivers to strictly follow the driving rules.  Provide adequate lighting in the construction area and along the roads.

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising Construction Camps: lack of  Adequate ventilation in all facilities. Contractor PIU/ CSC proper infrastructure facilities,  Safe and reliable water supply. Water supply from deep tube wells that meets the national such as housing, water standards. supply and sanitation facilities will increase pressure on the  Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. The toilets and domestic waste water will local services and generate be collected through a common sewerage. substandard living standards  Treatment facilities for sewerage of toilet and domestic waste before releasing into common and health hazards. systems.  Storm water drainage facilities.  Recreational and social facilities.  Safe storage facilities for petroleum and other chemicals.  Solid waste collection and disposal system.  Arrangement for trainings (see Section 6.2.3.2).  Paved internal roads.  Security fence at least 2 m high.  Sick bay and first aid facilities. Water and sanitation facilities  The contractor shall provide portable toilets at the construction sites, if about 25 people are Contractor PIU/ CSC at the construction sites: lack working the whole day for a month. of Water sanitation facilities  Contractor shall provide bottled drinking water facilities to the construction workers at all the at construction sites cause construction sites. inconvenience to the construction workers and affect their personal hygiene. Other management: potential To reduce health risks to the construction workers and nearby community should follow: Contractor PIU/ CSC risks on health and hygiene  Liquid Waste Mitigation Measures. of construction workers and  Air Pollution Mitigation Measures. general public.  Noise Mitigation Measures.  Road/Road Traffic Management. Trainings: lack of awareness  Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care issues (e.g., how to avoid Contractor PIU/ CSC and basic knowledge in malaria and transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV/AIDS. health care among the

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising construction workforce, make them susceptible to potential diseases. Operational Stage Drainage Local drainage system may . Maintain drains regularly as and when required. PIU- Field PIU: Central congestion: get clogged due to improper . Solid wastes should not be dumped into the drain. office 2 Unit/ PCU management of Solid waste, . Blocked drains should be cleaned properly and debris disposed at approved sites on a regular IEPZ and other materials. basis. Solid Waste  Water, air and land . Setting up of separate waste collectors at different points. PIU- Field PIU: Central Generation pollution cause diseases . Regular cleaning and replacing of waste collectors. office 2 Unit/ PCU and Disposal  Public health, eyesore, . Waste disposal at a safe place. IEPZ odor . LA to collect solid waste everyday and dispose to the landfill site  Disease vector . Encourage waste sorting by the facility users. proliferation, sanitary problems Sewage  Prohibition of water uses . Maintenance of Septic tanks, soak wells, pipes, etc. as and when required. PIU- Field PIU: Central waste for intended purposes . Provide a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and Soak Pit. office 2 Unit/ PCU  Causes water borne . Regular monitoring of water quality. IEPZ diseases Occupational Female trainer may face OHS . Measures need to be taken as the given below. PIU- Field PIU: Central Health and related issues as mentioned office 2 Unit/ PCU Safety of the in Chapter 5. IEPZ trainer, trainee and other management Staff

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 Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan

An Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) shall be established, operated and maintained for overall project. It is the responsibility and duty of the employer to ensure healthy and safe working conditions. A fully transparent OHSMP is a powerful tool towards fulfilling the objectives. Meaningful participation by trainers and employees is required for optimum results and these could be obtainable through efficient awareness building and training program among the trainers and employees.

The initial system of assessment should include the needs for risk reduction and management related to HIV/AIDS at the place of work. The contents of the OHSMP manual is prepared from ILO-OHS 2001 and outlined in brief in the following table 6.8.

Table: 6.8 Occupational Health Safety and Hygiene Management System Features

1 Occupational Health Safety and Hygiene Policy a. Management‟s supports and direction 2 Organizational Framework of the OHSMP (Safety Organization) a. Staffing of OHSMP b. Operating procedures c. Training program on all topics of OHSMP d. System documentation e. Communication

3 OHSMP Objectives a. Realistic and achievable participation of all by supervision 4 Risk and Hazard Prevention a. Prevention and control measures b. Emergency preparedness/ awareness and response c. Procurement (tools, equipment, services contractors, etc.) 5 Performance Monitoring, Investigation and Reporting a. Hazards and natural calamities prevention measures b. Ambient working environment c. Work related injuries, ill health, diseases and on-going incidents d. On-going Medical and safety monitoring program for all workers and employees 6 Evaluation a. Feedback b. Corrective measures c. Action plan

 Disaster Management Plan Fire and Earthquake are major disaster for the buildings occupants causing injury and even deaths due to insufficient or lack of disaster management plan. In this regard the following should be taken into consideration to protect the properties and property users such as:

. There should be automatic fire/heat detecting system in each room in each floor of DTC buildings, as well as water sprinklers.

. There should be sufficient fire extinguishers in each floor which should be checked by the Fire Service Officials twice in a year

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. The storage capacity of the fire fighting reservoir should not be less than 100 cu.m so that a rate of flow of 2250 lpm at a pressure of 3kg/sq.m. could be maintained which should be capable of fighting about 45 minutes in case of a fire.

. The buildings should have emergency fire exits.

. All electrical wirings should be accomplished with good quality wire to prevent electrical leakages, fires and spread of fires.

. The high risk electrical area should be clearly marked with warnings to avoid dangerous practices in the vicinity so that there would be less chance of accidents from those installations.

. The building should be designed by considering proper earthquake load of the zone.

. There should be automatic system in the lift of dormitory (future provision) of the complex so that it would reach to the nearest floor and open the door during electricity failure.

. Site should be identified for assembly during fire or any other hazard with clear marking within and outside the buildings to reach safety

. Awareness to be provided to building users on its safety precautions, code of conduct to minimize user-induced hazards and how to respond during hazardous events.

. Emergency contact numbers should be displayed in easily accessible areas

 Tree Plantation Program

Planting for landscaping and noise attenuation is suggested for DTC area of IEPZ. Out of total 315 trees, 185 timber trees (50% and @ 3m interval), 73 fruit trees (30% and @ 2m interval), 49 fuel trees (10% and,@3m interval and 24 medicinal trees (10% @3m interval) have to be planted. Suitable tree species for DTC site of IEPZ are given below:

Table 6.9: Suitable Tree Species for DTC of IEPZ

Sl. Fruit Trees Timber Trees Fuel Wood Trees Medicine Tress No. 1 Amra (Spondias Jarul (Lagerstroemia Bakphul (Sasbania Neem (Azarlira pinnata) speciosa) grandiflora) chlaindica) 2 Mango (Mangifera Mehogini (Swietenia Debdaru (Polyalthia Arjun (Teominalia indica) mahagoni) longifolia) arjunna) 3 Black berry Shegun (Tectona Kadam (Anthocephalus Bohera (Terminalia (Syzygium cumini) grandis) chinensis) belliricha) 4 Jam (Syzygium Akasmoni (Acacia Pitali (Trewta nudiflora) Hortuki cumuin) auricoliformis) 5 Tamarind Rain tree (Samanea Krhisnochura Royal Amloki (Tamerindus indica) saman) Poinciana (Delonix regia) 6 Date palm (Phonix sylvestries)

6.2.2.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environmental monitoring is a very important aspect of environmental management to safeguard the protection of environment. During construction, environmental monitoring will ensure the protection of fertile top soils, potential soil erosion from embankment, drainage congestion, and degradation of environmental quality.

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In accordance with the EMP, an environmental monitoring plan (MP) has been developed and presented in Table 6.10. The contract documents will contain a listing of all required monitoring measures and a time frame for the compliance monitoring of these activities. The monitoring will comprise surveillance to check whether the contractor is meeting the provisions of the contract during construction and operation of the Project including the responsible agencies for supervision.

The PIU through a CSC will be responsible to supervise monitoring activities of all contractors procured under the Project. The PIU during project implementation will:

 Supervise the environmental monitoring regularly based on the monitoring and management plan prepared in this report with the assistance of CSC. Submit quarterly reports based on the monitoring data and laboratory analysis report: main parameters to be monitored by the contractor are outlined in Table 6.10.  Oversee that the contractor is complying with all monitoring measures and has subcontracted a recognized organization for data collection for monitoring purposes. It is recommended to use the same institutions that collected the baseline data to avoid possible calibration and methodology errors.

The PIU shall submit the following environmental reporting documentation to PCU:

 Environmental Monitoring Reports: The environmental monitoring reports will include environmental mitigation measures undertaken, environmental monitoring activities undertaken, details of monitoring data collected, analysis of monitoring results, new recommended mitigation measures, environmental training conducted, and environmental regulatory violations. The environmental monitoring reports will be submitted monthly during the construction period and quarterly for three years after completion of construction.

 Project Completion Environmental Monitoring Report: Three years after completion of construction, the PIU shall submit a Project Completion Environmental Monitoring Report to PCU which will summarize the overall environmental impacts from the Project.

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Table 6.10: Environmental Monitoring Program during Pre Construction, Construction and Operation Stage

Environmental Monitoring Parameter Means of Monitoring Frequency Location Responsible Agency Aspect Implemented By Supervised By Pre Construction Stage Construction of Entry Monitoring all prescribed Visual inspection to During site clearance Proposed DTC site of Contractor PCU/ PIU- Field Gate from Access mitigation measures in ensure the shifting of the operations IEPZ office 3 (IEPZ) road to DTC area Mitigation Table (Table 6.6) electric line Construction Stage Ground Water pH, Manganese( Mn), Laboratory analysis During construction of Inside the boundary Contractor PIU- Field office Quality Arsenic(As), Iron(Fe), against the baseline deep tube-well for DTC of DTC of IEPZ (as through a 3 IEPZ Ammonia Nitrogen(NH3-N), established per design) nationally Total Hardness, Chlioride, recognized

Fecal Coliform(FC), Total laboratory

Coliform(TC) Surface water Quality pH, DO, BOD, COD, Oil & Laboratory analysis During construction IEPZ residential area Contractor PIU- Field office Grease, Pb against the baseline (1 in 3 months) through a 3 IEPZ established nationally recognized laboratory Air Quality SPM, SO2, NOx Laboratory analysis During construction At the construction Contractor PIU- Field office against the baseline (1 in 3 months) site through a 3 IEPZ established nationally recognized laboratory Noise Level Measurement of noise dB(A)  Laboratory analysis During day time and Near residential area, Contractor PIU- Field office against the baseline whenever any mosque institutional through a 3 IEPZ established complains are received area and site. nationally about disturbance due recognized Visual inspection to  to construction noise laboratory ensure good Noise measurements standard equipment and routine checks on are in use, maintenance records  Visual inspection to once in 3 months ensure ear plugs are in use by the construction workers

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Environmental Monitoring Parameter Means of Monitoring Frequency Location Responsible Agency Aspect Implemented By Supervised By  Inspection of vehicle and equipment maintenance records Occupational health  Check of personal  Visual Weekly Construction Site Contractor PIU- Field office protective equipment (PPE) for inspection 3 IEPZ workers at the sites  Check if Health, First- Aid facility, and staff trained in First Aid are available at the sites  Check if medical checkup of workers is on going Operation Stage Ground Water pH, Manganese( Mn), Arsenic( Laboratory analysis Quarterly DTC Building water PIU- Field office PIU- Field office Quality As), Iron(Fe), Ammonia supply system 3 IEPZ through a 3 IEPZ Nitrogen(NH3-N), Total nationally Hardness, Chlioride, Fecal recognized Coliform(FC), Total laboratory Coliform(TC) Noise Level Measurement of noise dB(A) Laboratory analysis Quarterly (24 hours) Four corners of the PIU- Field office PIU- Field office and whenever any site boundary, at 200 3 IEPZ through a 3 IEPZ complain is received m and 300 m from nationally about disturbance due the following recognized to noise level locations: (i) laboratory residential, (ii) institutional (school, mosque), (iii) silent (hospital) area Air Quality SPM, SO2, NOx Laboratory analysis Quarterly (8 hours Inside the project PIU- Field office PIU- Field office continuous for two boundary 3 IEPZ through a 3 IEPZ days) nationally recognized laboratory Tree plantation Select healthy sapling to Visual inspection to Monthly As per Master Plan Contractor and PIU- Field office Program confirm survival rate ensure plantations in PIU- Field office 3 IEPZ and PCU

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Environmental Monitoring Parameter Means of Monitoring Frequency Location Responsible Agency Aspect Implemented By Supervised By Monitoring plantation green areas and other 3 IEPZ procedure designated sites. Growth Maintenance of Plants

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6.2.2.2 Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Development

List of various key institutions and their roles and responsibilities for implementation of EMP are given in the following sections: . Profile of Key Institutions a) Bangladesh Export Processing Zone (BEPZA)

Details are provided under 6.2.1.2 a) b) Need for Institutional Strengthening of BEPZA

Details are provided under 6.2.1.2 b) c) Project Implementation Unit (PIU)

A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) for NARI Project has been established as an ad hoc office to manage the preparation (and subsequently implementation) of the proposed NARI project. The PIU has a central office headed by a Project Director. Also the PIU- Central office has three PIU-field Offices. Organizational structure of PCU and PIU is shown in Figure 6.3. Figure 6-3: Organgram of PCU and PIU

Project Coordination Unit (PCU) Coordinating Director

Project Implementation Unit (PIU) BEPZA Project Director

PIU- Field Office 3 (Ishwardi EPZ) - A Deputy Project Director Environmental & Social Unit (ESU) - A Project Officer Deputy Project Director (General Manager) - A training Center Officer - Two support staff

Superintended Engineer

Executive Engineer (Civil)

EPZAuthority I Assistant Engineer (civil)

Sub-assistant Engineer (Civil)

Main tasks of the Environmental and Social Unit (ESU) include:

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 Planning and implementation of EMP  Preparation of TOR for studies/surveys/data collection to be carried out under EMP  Selection of consultants, NGOs for different components of EMP implementation, including environmental enhancement plans  Supervision and monitoring of the progress of activities of the consultants and NGOs engaged by PIU for implementation of different components of EMP  Evaluation of construction related environmental impacts and monitoring of adherence of the EMP  Responsible for modifications of the EMP when there are adaptation/changes during implementation.  Implementation of environmental monitoring measures (such as environmental quality monitoring, tree plantation, landscaping, wild life monitoring) during O/M stage of the Project.  Monitoring of water supply, sanitation and health conditions at the project site  Preparation of reports to PCU and co-financers  Management and administration of environmental enhancement fund  Maintain liaison with other government, semi-government and non-government organizations, universities, research institutes in the country on the matters of mutual interest related to environmental management.  Facilitate consultations necessary with stakeholders related to environmental management. Job Description of Key Staff in ESU

The job description of the key staff in EU is given in the following sections. i. Deputy Project Director (DPD)/ (General Manager, IEPZ)  S/He will do the overall monitoring of EA and EMP implementation for the site.  S/He will co-ordinate with design Consultants (DC) for matters relating to Environment of DTC.  S/He will maintain liaison with Co-financers, Consultant and other relevant organization for implementation of EIA and EMP.  S/He will do the overall Supervision of the Environmental Unit for implementation Environment Management Plan properly.  S/He will co-ordinate, Supervise and Monitor the progress of activities of the Design Consultants (DC), NGOs and Design & Supervision Consultants (DSC).  S/He will evaluate the activities of Construction Contractors for maintaining Environmental related issues properly.  S/He will maintain liaison with the Panel of Experts relating to environment of DTC.  S/He will maintain close co-ordination with the PCU of NARI Project.  S/He will take steps to train the officers and staff of Environmental Unit.  S/He will take actions on any other related matters assigned by the proper authority. ii. Superintend Engineer (Civil)  S/He will supervise and monitor of the progress of activities of the consultants (DC), NGOs and Design and Supervision consultants.  S/He will liaise with Design Consultants for preparation of ToR to get Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) from Department of Environment (DoE).  S/He will maintain liaison with other Organization for implementation of EMP and EIA.  S/He will monitor implementation of EMP and EIA.  S/He will prepare progress report on Environmental issues to the authority and submit it.  S/He will do the administrative supervision over the subordinate officers and staff.

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 S/He will bring notice of his superior officers any adverse effects that are likely to occur in relation to environmental matters.  S/He will notify the DPD of any specific training needs for the officers and staff.  S/He will monitor and evaluate the activities of construction contractors to ensure maintenance of Environmental Parameters within required standards.  Any other relevant works which will order from higher Authority. iii. Executive Engineer (Civil)  An Executive Engineer (civil) will work under the direct supervision and instruction of a responsible senior officer of Executive Engineer grade or above.  The Senior Assistant Engineer (Environment) is required to report on all issues concerning his work to Executive Engineer (Environment).  The Senior Assistant Engineer (Environment) shall exercise the extent of authority delegated to him by Executive Engineer (Environment) or higher authority.  S/He will check the draft reports, Drawings, etc submitted by the Design Consultant for approval and draw attention of Superintend Engineer (civil) or higher authority for necessary action.  S/He will ensure that all operations s/he carries out or which are carried out by her/his subordinates are consistent with the work program. S/He will highlight any shortcomings and deficiencies and bring these to the immediate attention of the concerned officers and staff.  S/He will ensure that the execution of all works and other operations of her/his work and that of her/his subordinates are carried out in accordance with the Acts, Ordinance, Rules, Regulations and Directives issued by the Government from time to time.  S/He will ensure that all reports and other information required from her/his office are completed accurately in the required formats and are submitted to Executive Engineer (Environment) within the due time.  The Senior Assistant Engineer is responsible for the proper functioning and discipline of her/his subordinate staffs and s/he will report cases of default to Superintend Engineer (civil)  S/He will supervise and monitor the progress of activities of the consultants (DC), NGOs and Design & supervision consultants as specified by Superintend Engineer (civil) or higher authority.  If the authority instructs s/he will maintain liaison with consultants for preparation of ToR for getting Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) from Department of Environment (DOE) and/or with Organization for implementation of EMP and EIA.  S/He will monitor implementation of EMP & EIA.  S/He will prepare progress report on Environmental issues and submit it to the authority.  S/He will ensure administrative control over the subordinate officer and staff.  S/He will bring the notice of her/his authority any problems or hazards which have, as are likely to occur in the implementation of her/his work.  S/He will notify the DPD of any specific training needs for the officers and staff.  S/He will monitor the activities of constructions contractors for their maintaining Environmental Parameter in required standards.  S/He will carry on any other works as ordered by the Authority. iv. Assistant Engineer (Civil)  S/He will work under the direct supervision and instruction of a responsible senior officer of Executive Engineer.  S/He is required to report on all issues concerning his work to his responsible senior officer.  S/He will exercise the extent of authority delegated to him by his responsible senior officer.

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 S/He is responsible for the proper functioning and discipline of his subordinate staff and he will report cases of default to his responsible senior officer. v. Sub Assistant Engineer (Civil)  S/He will work under the direct supervision and instruction of a responsible senior officer of Assistant Engineer.  S/He is required to report on all issues concerning her/his work to her/his responsible senior officer.  S/He will exercise the extent of authority delegated to her/him by her/his responsible senior officer.  S/He is responsible for the proper functioning and discipline of her/his subordinate staff and s/he will report cases of default to her/his responsible senior officer.  S/He will maintain all initial accounts for expenditure under her/his charge and submit them to the responsible senior officer within the prescribed date. d) Construction Supervision Consultants

Details are provided under 6.2.1.2 d). e) Contractor

Details are provided under 6.2.1.2 e) f) Other Relevant Organizations

Details are provided under 6.2.1.2 f) . Proposed Institutional Strengthening of PIU

Details are similar to DEPZ as provided under 6.2.1.2 . Institutional Framework for Implementing EMP

Proposed Institutional Framework for Implementation of EMP is shown in Figure 6.4.

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Figure 6.4: Proposed Institutional Framework for Implementation of EMP

BEPZA

PCU

PIU- Central Unit

Department of Construction PIU- Field Supervision Office 3, Environment, REB, Consultant (CSC) IEPZ/ LGED, Forest ESU Department (FD)

Contractors/ NGOs/ Small Contract

EMP

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6.2.2.3 Environmental Monitoring Cost

The environmental monitoring cost is given in Table 6.12. The costs of the monitoring will comprise: Air. water, noise quality monitoring through sample collection and laboratory analysis:

The total cost for implementation of the monitoring is estimated as USD 40,293 during construction and 0peration/yr.

Table 6-12: Cost of environmental monitoring during construction and operation

Rate Amount No. Activities/item Unit No Quantity (USD) (USD) 1 A. Tree Plantation No 1 3 331 993

B. Monitoring Cost 1. CSC (Environmental No 1 3,000 1 3,000 Specialist/Engineer) 2. Transportation for Site Visits LS 1 200 1 200 3. Air, Water and Noise Quality Testing No 1 4000 1 4,000 4. Contingency LS 2,000 Sub Total 9,200 C. Operational Monitoring Cost/ yr 1. External Monitor No 1 3,000 1 3,000 2. Water quality testing No 12 1500 1 18000 3. Air Quality Testing No 3 2000 1 6000 4. Noise Quality Testing No 3 200 1 600 5. Contingency LS 2500 Sub Total 30,100 Total (A+B+C) 40,293

6.2.3 DTC of KEPZ

On the basis of discussion in Chapter 5.3, the possible mitigation measure presented in the following Table 6.13 is recommended for the medium and significant impacts. A mitigation measure is said successful when it complies with the EQS as set by DoE. In absence of DoE‟s own EQS, World Health Organization (WHO) or other recognized organizations can be applied.

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Table 6.13: Mitigation/Enhancement Measures during Pre- Construction and Construction and Operation Stages of DTC, KEPZ

Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising Pre-Construction Stage Design of Improper design of project  All project facilities are to be designed in accordance with the planning and design norms BEPZA Consultant Project facilities will lead to (BNBC) proposed in „Chapter 3 of this EA report. facilities environmental degradation  Earthquake hazard should be considered in the structural design of the DTC building. Tree Cut The tree will loss from the  Tree plantation will be done at all suitable locations such as at the boundary side around the Contractor PIU DTC acquired site DTC, vacant land area.  Different types of local trees as listed in Table 6.12 will be planted. Green areas will be developed in DTC area. Utilities The ground water quality of  As per the consultation meeting with KEPZ, they will extend their existing water facilities Contractor PIU (Water DTC area of KEPZ is saline (treated water by WTP) through pipe line to the proposed DTC area of KEPZ. This facility Supply) which will hamper should be ensured prior to start construction.

construction works and H&S of workers Blockage of Vehicle cannot move into the  As per the consultation of KEPZ and CDDL authority; both parties agreed to break the wall Contractor PIU wall & site for the approach road to DTC area. construction Worker cannot move into the  Appropriate H&S measure to be taken when break the wall & construction of new road of 150m new site portion access road Construction Stage Air Pollution - Construction vehicular  Fit vehicles with appropriate exhaust systems and emission control devices. Contractor PIU/ CSC traffic: Air quality can be  Maintain vehicles and construction equipment in good working condition including regular affected by vehicle exhaust servicing. emissions and combustion of fuels.  Operate the vehicles in a fuel efficient manner.  Cover haul vehicles carrying dusty materials moving outside the construction site. - Construction machinery:  Impose speed limits (maximum 20 km/hr) on all vehicle movement at the worksite and Air quality can be adversely through access roads to reduce dust emissions. affected by emissions from machinery and combustion of  Control the movement of construction traffic in the access road. fuels.  Water spray to the construction materials (especially sand & boulder/brick chips) prior to

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising - Construction activities: loading and transport. Dust generation from  Focus special attention on containing the emissions from generators construction sites, material stockpiles and access roads.  Machinery causing excess pollution (e.g. visible smoke) should be banned from construction sites or fixed immediately prior to further usage.  Provide filtering systems, dust collectors or humidification or other techniques (as applicable) to the concrete mixing plant to control the particle emissions at all its stages, including unloading, collection, aggregate handling, cement dumping, circulation of trucks and machinery inside the installations.  Water spray to the material stockpiles, access roads and bare soils as and when required to minimize the potential environmental nuisance due to dust. Increase the watering frequency during periods of high risk (e.g. high winds and dry periods). Stored materials such as boulders and sand should be covered and confined to avoid them being wind-drifted.  Erect dust barriers along the boundary of the land to reduce dust movement to the surrounding areas.  Minimize the extent and period of exposure of the bare surfaces.  Reschedule earthwork activities when practical, if necessary to avoid during periods of high wind and if visible dust is blowing off-site.  Restore disturbed areas as soon as possible by vegetation/grass-turfing.  Establish adequate locations for storage, mixing and loading of construction materials, in a way that dust dispersion is prevented because of such operations. Noise  Construction vehicular  Maintain all vehicles in order to keep them in good working order in accordance with Contractor PIU/ CSC Pollution traffic: Noise quality will be manufacturers maintenance procedures. deteriorated due to increased  Make sure all drivers will comply with the traffic codes concerning maximum speed limit, vehicular traffic. driving hours, etc. (20 km/hr during night time).  Construction machinery:  Organize the loading and unloading of trucks, and handling operations for the purpose of Noise and vibration will have minimizing construction noise on the work site. an impact on adjacent  Appropriately site all noise generating activities to avoid noise pollution to local residents. surrounding residents.  Modify equipment to reduce noise (for example, noise control kits, lining of truck trays or pipelines, silencers).  Construction activity: Noise will have an impact on  Maintain all equipment in order to keep it in good working conditions in accordance with

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising adjacent residents. manufacturers‟ maintenance procedures. Equipment suppliers and contractors shall present proof of maintenance register of their equipment.  Install acoustic enclosures around generators to reduce noise levels.  Fit high efficiency mufflers to appropriate construction equipment.  Avoid the unnecessary use of alarms, horns and sirens.  Notify adjacent landholders prior any typical noise events outside of daylight hours.  Educate the operators of construction equipment on potential noise problems and the techniques to minimize noise emissions.  Employ best available work practices on-site to minimize occupational noise levels.  Install temporary noise control barriers where appropriate.  Notify affected people if high noisy activities will be undertaken, e.g. pile driving.  Plan activities on site and deliveries to and from site to minimize impact.  Monitor and analyze noise and vibration results and adjust construction practices as required.  Avoid undertaking the noisiest activities, where possible, when working at night near the residential areas. Sewage Lack of proper sanitation  Provide hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. The toilets and domestic waste Contractor PIU/ CSC Pollution/ facilities will increase water will be collected through a common sewerage. Provide separate latrines and bathing Sanitation pressure on health hazards of places for males and females with total isolation by wall or by location. The minimum number Hazard workers. of toilet facilities required is one toilet for every ten persons.  Ensure the sanitary facilities are kept clean and without any odor.  Educate the workers of using the facilities. Solid Waste Solid waste pollution will  Organize disposal of all wastes generated during construction in an environmentally Pollution increase pressure on health acceptable manner. This will include consideration of the nature and location of disposal site, hazards of workers. so as to cause less offsite environmental impacts. The disposal site should be approved by PIU/CSC prior to usage and should be rehabilitated after usage to ensure the land is not exposed to soil erosion, wind and water stagnation.  Minimize the production of waste materials by 3R (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) approach.  Segregate and reuse or recycle all the wastes, wherever practical.

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising  Prohibit burning of solid waste.  Train and instruct all personnel in waste management practices and procedures as a component of the environmental induction process.  Provide refuse containers at each worksite and worker camps.  Request suppliers to minimize packaging where practical.  Place a high emphasis on good housekeeping practices.  Maintain all construction sites in a cleaner, tidy and safe condition and provide and maintain appropriate facilities as temporary storage of all wastes before transportation and final disposal by Savar Municipality.  Ensure proper collection and disposal of wastes within the construction camps from where Savar municipal will take by their truck and dispose at their dumping area.  Insist on waste separation and store by source; organic wastes, inorganic wastes and recyclables in separate containers.  Clear wastes on daily basis to waste collectors. Establish waste collection, transportation and disposal at the dumping site in adequate sizes of concrete chambers/boxes.  Dispose organic wastes in a designated safe place and should be kept covered so that flies, mosquitoes, dogs, cats, rats, etc. are not attracted. Encourage composting of organic waste that can be used for tree planting purposes.  Locate the garbage pit/waste disposal site away from the residence so that peoples are not disturbed with the odor likely to be produced from anaerobic decomposition of wastes at the waste dumping places. Encompass the waste dumping place by fencing and tree plantation to prevent children from entering and playing.  Do not establish site specific landfill sites. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in approved waste disposal sites. Landscape Construction activities  Ensure the topography of the construction yard is conducive to enhance natural draining of especially earthworks, stock rainwater at all times. piling of construction  Parking of construction vehicles and stockpiling of construction materials should be done in materials, parking of vehicles

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising etc. will change topography systematic way to avoid any drainage blockages, to enhance the aesthetics of the site. and disturb the natural  Duration of stockpiling should be minimized as much as possible. rainwater drainage as well as

will change the local landscape temporarily. Access  Construction  Prepare and submit a traffic management plan to the PIU for approval at least 30 days before Contractor PIU/ CSC Road/ Traffic vehicular traffic: Increased commencing work on any project component involved in traffic diversion and management. Congestion traffic use of narrow access  Include measures in the traffic management plan to ensure uninterrupted traffic movement road by construction vehicles during construction: detailed drawings of traffic arrangements showing all detours, access will affect the movement of roads, necessary barricades, warning signs / lights, road signs, etc. normal road traffics and the safety of the road-users.  Provide signs at strategic locations of the roads complying with the schedules of signs contained in the Bangladesh Road Traffic Regulations of BRTA.  Install and maintain a display board at each important road intersection on the roads to be used during construction, which shall clearly show the following information in Bangla:  Location: village name  Duration of construction period  Period of proposed detour / alternative route  Suggested detour route map  Name and contact address/telephone number of the concerned personnel  Name and contact address / telephone number of the Contractor  Inconvenience is sincerely regretted  Restrict truck deliveries to day time working hours (as common practice in Bangladesh) to avoid road accidents and to reduce inconveniences to the road users.  Restrict the transport of oversize loads.  Operate construction vehicles to non-peak periods (night) to minimize traffic disruptions.  Enforce on-site and access road speed limits. Note: About 150m long new access road from wall to DTC site should be constructed fully prior to start construction (during pre-construction) Liquid/ Improper storage and  Train the relevant construction personnel in handling of fuels and spill control procedures. Contractor PIU/ CSC hazardous handling of fuels, lubricants,  Store dangerous goods in enclosed areas with a covering of a sealed plastic sheet away

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising waste chemicals and hazardous from watercourses. liquid on-site, and potential  Refueling shall occur only within enclosed areas. spills from these liquid materials may harm the  Provide protective clothing, safety boots, helmets, masks, gloves, goggles, to the environment and health of construction personnel, appropriate to handle construction materials. construction workers.  Make sure all containers, drums, and tanks that are used for storage are in good condition and are labeled with expiry date. Any container, drum, or tank that is dented, cracked, or rusted might eventually leak. Check for leakage regularly to identify potential problems before they occur.  Put containers and drums in temporary storages in clearly marked areas, where they will not be run over by vehicles or heavy machinery. The area shall be established in higher ground if possible preferably with a slope or drain to a safe collection area in the event of a spill.  Put containers and drums in permanent storage areas on an impermeable floor.  Take all precautionary measures when handling and storing fuels and lubricants, avoiding environmental pollution.  Ensure basic firefighting equipment are in place outside these storage areas in case of a fire Construction Siting and Location of  Locate the construction camps inside the proposed construction area. Contractor PIU/ CSC Camp construction camps:  Consider the location of construction camps away from communities in order to avoid social Management Campsites for construction conflicts in using the natural resources such as water or to avoid other possible adverse workers are the important impacts of the construction camps on the surrounding communities. locations that have significant impacts such as health and  Submit to the PIU for approval a detailed layout plan for the development of the construction safety hazards on local camp showing the relative locations of all temporary buildings and facilities that are to be resources and infrastructure constructed together with the location of site roads, fuel storage areas (for use in power of nearby communities. supply generators), solid waste management and dumping locations, and drainage facilities, prior to the development of the construction camps.  Local authorities responsible for health, religious and security shall be duly informed on the set up of camp facilities so as to maintain effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters  Create awareness among the camp users on health and safety requirements to be maintained and code of conduct Construction Camp Facilities:  Adequate housing for all workers should be provided avoiding over crowding Contractor PIU/ CSC

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising Lack of proper infrastructure  Safe and reliable water supply. Water supply from deep tube wells of 300 m depth that facilities, such as housing, meets the national standards water supply and sanitation  Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. The toilets and domestic waste water will facilities will increase be collected through a common sewerage. Provide separate latrines and bathing places for pressure on the local services males and females with total isolation by wall or by location. The minimum number of toilet and generate substandard facilities required is one toilet for every ten persons. living standards and health hazards.  Treatment facilities for sewerage of toilet and domestic wastes  Storm water drainage facilities.  Paved internal roads. Ensure with grass/vegetation coverage to be made of the use of top soil and there is no dust generation from the loose/exposed sandy surface. Pave the internal roads of at least haring-bond bricks to suppress dusts and to avoid possible muddy surface during monsoon. Disposal of waste:  Ensure proper collection and disposal of solid wastes within the construction camps Contractor PIU/ CSC Management of wastes is  Insist waste separation by source; organic wastes in one container and inorganic wastes in crucial to minimize impacts another container at sources. . on the environment.  Store inorganic wastes in a safe place within the sources and clear organic wastes on daily basis to waste collector or compost the waste.  Dispose organic wastes in a designated safe place on daily basis. At The organic wastes should be always covered with a thin layer of sand so that flies, mosquitoes, dogs, cats, rats, etc. are not attracted.  Locate the garbage pit/waste disposal site min 500 m away from the resident area so that people are not disturbed with the odor likely to be produced from anaerobic decomposition of wastes at the waste dumping places.  Do not establish site specific landfill sites. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in approval waste disposal sites. Health and Hygiene: There  Provide adequate health care facilities within construction sites. will be a potential for  Provide first aid facility round the clock. Maintain stock of medicines in the facility and appoint diseases to be transmitted fulltime designated first aider or nurse. including malaria, exacerbated by inadequate  Provide ambulance facility for the laborers during emergency to be transported to nearest health and safety practices. hospitals. (KEPZ Hospital) There will be an increased

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising risk of work crews spreading  Conduct an initial health screening of the laborers coming from outside areas sexually transmitted  Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care issues and safety matters, infections and HIV/AIDS. and on the specific hazards of their work

 Provide HIV awareness programming, including STI (sexually transmitted infections) and HIV information, education and communication for all workers on regular basis  Establish a code of conduct for the contractor staff  Provide adequate drainage facilities throughout the camps to ensure that disease vectors such as stagnant water bodies and puddles do not form.  Regular mosquito repellant spraying during monsoon periods. Safety: In adequate safety  Provide appropriate security personnel (police / home guard or private security guards) and facilities to the construction enclosures to prevent unauthorized entry into the camp area. camps may create security  Maintain register to keep a track on a head count of persons present in the camp at any problems and fire hazards. given time.  Encourage use of flameproof material for the construction of labor housing / site office. Also, ensure that these houses/rooms are of sound construction and capable of withstanding wind storms/cyclones.  Provide appropriate type of fire fighting equipments suitable for the construction camps  Display emergency contact numbers clearly and prominently at strategic places in camps.  Communicate the roles and responsibilities of laborers in case of emergency in the monthly meetings with contractors. Worker Best practices: Construction  Implement suitable safety standards for all workers and site visitors which shall not be less Contractor PIU/ CSC Health and works may pose health and than those laid down on the international standards (e.g. International Labor Office guideline Safety safety risks to the on „Safety and Health in Construction; World Bank Group‟s „Environmental Health and Safety construction workers and site Guidelines‟) and contractor‟s own national standards or statutory regulations, in addition to visitors leading to severe complying with the national standards of the Government of Bangladesh (e.g. `The injuries and deaths. The Bangladesh Labor Code, 2006‟) population in the proximity of  Provide the workers a safe and healthy work environment, taking into account inherent risks the construction site and the of this particular construction activity and specific classes of hazards in the work areas, construction workers will be exposed to a number of (i)  Provide personal protection equipment (PPE) for workers, such as safety boots, helmets, biophysical health risk masks, gloves, protective clothing, goggles, full-face eye shields, and ear protection. Maintain

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising factors, (e.g. noise, dust, the PPE properly by cleaning dirty ones and replacing them with the damaged ones. chemicals, construction  Safety procedures include provision of information, training and protective clothing to workers material, solid waste, waste involved in hazardous operations and proper performance of their job water, vector transmitted diseases etc), (ii) risk factors  Appoint an environment, health and safety manager to look after the health and safety of the resulting from human workers behavior (e.g. STD, HIV etc)  Inform the local authorities responsible for health, religious and security before and (iii) road accidents from commencement of civil works and establishment of construction camps so as to maintain construction traffic. effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters.

Child and pregnant labors  Not hire children of less than 14 years of age and pregnant women or women who delivered Contractor PIU/ CSC a child within 8 preceding weeks, in accordance with the Bangladesh Labor Code, 2006. Accidents: Lack of first aid  Provide health care facilities and first aid facilities are readily available. Appropriately Contractor PIU/ CSC facilities and health care equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the place of work facilities in the immediate  Document and report occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents and actions taken. vicinity will aggravate the health conditions of the  Prevent accidents, injury, and disease arising from, associated with, or occurring in the victims. course of work by minimizing, so far as reasonably practicable, the causes of hazards in a manner consistent with good international industry practice.  Identify potential hazards to workers, particularly those that may be life-threatening and provide necessary preventive and protective measures.  Provide awareness to the construction drivers to strictly follow the driving rules  Provide adequate lighting in the construction area and along the roads. Construction Camps: lack of  Adequate ventilation in all facilities Contractor PIU/ CSC proper infrastructure facilities,  Safe and reliable water supply. Water supply from deep tube wells that meets the national such as housing, water standards supply and sanitation facilities will increase pressure on the  Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. The toilets and domestic waste water will local services and generate be collected through a common sewerage. substandard living standards  Treatment facilities for sewerage of toilet and domestic wastes and health hazards.  Storm water drainage facilities.  Recreational and social facilities  Safe storage facilities for petroleum and other chemicals

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising  Solid waste collection and disposal system  Arrangement for trainings  Paved internal roads.  Security fence at least 2 m height.  Sick bay and first aid facilities. Water and sanitation facilities  The contractor shall provide portable toilets at the construction sites, if about 25 people are Contractor PIU/ CSC at the construction sites: lack working the whole day for a month. of Water sanitation facilities  Contractor shall provide bottled drinking water facilities to the construction workers at all the at construction sites cause construction sites. inconvenience to the construction workers and affect their personal hygiene. Other management: potential To reduce health risks to the construction workers and nearby community should follow: Contractor PIU/ CSC risks on health and hygiene  Liquid Waste Mitigation Measures of construction workers and  Air Pollution Mitigation Measures general public.  Noise Mitigation Measures  Road/Road Traffic Management. Trainings: lack of awareness  Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care issues (e.g., how to avoid Contractor PIU/ CSC and basic knowledge in malaria and transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV/AIDS. health care among the construction workforce, make them susceptible to potential diseases. Operational Stage Drainage Local drainage system may  Maintain drains regularly as and when required PIU- Field PIU: Central congestion: clog due to improper  Solid wastes should not be dumped into the drain. office 2 Unit/ PCU management of Solid waste, KEPZ and other materials.  Blocked drains should be cleaned properly and debris disposed at approved sites. Solid Waste . Water, air and land . Setting up of separate waste collectors at different points PIU- Field PIU: Central Generation pollution . Regular cleaning and replacing of waste collectors office 2 Unit/ PCU and Disposal . Cause diseases to man . Waste disposal at a safe place KEPZ . Savar Upazila Parishad to collect solid waste everyday and disposed to the landfill site

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Issue Potential Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Institutes Impacts Implement Supervising and other lives . Encourage waste sorting by the facility users. . Public health, eyesore, odour . Disease vector proliferation, sanitary problems Sewage . Prohibition of water uses . Maintenance of Septic tanks, soak wells, pipes, etc. as and when required PIU- Field PIU: Central waste for intended purposes . Provide a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and Soak Pit office 2 Unit/ PCU . Causes water borne . Regular monitoring of water quality. KEPZ diseases Occupational . Female trainer may face . Measure need to be taken as the given below. PIU- Field PIU: Central Health and OHS related issues as office 2 Unit/ PCU Safety of the mentioned in Chapter 5. KEPZ trainer, trainee and other management staff

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 Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan

An Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) shall be established, operated and maintained for overall project. It is the responsibility and duty of the employer to ensure healthy and safe working conditions. A fully transparent OHSMP is a powerful tool towards fulfilling the objectives. Meaningful participation by trainers and employees is required for optimum results and these could be obtainable through efficient awareness building and training program among the trainers and employees.

The initial system of assessment should include the needs for risk reduction and management related to HIV/AIDS at the place of work. The contents of the OHSMP manual is prepared from ILO-OHS 2001 and outlined in brief in the following table 6.13.

Table: 6.13: Occupational Health Safety and Hygiene Management System Features

1 Occupational Health Safety and Hygiene Policy a. Management‟s supports and direction. 2 Organizational Framework of the OHSMP (Safety Organization) a. Staffing of OHSMP; b. Operating procedures; c. Training program on all topics of OHSMP; d. System documentation; and e. Communication.

3 OHSMP Objectives a. Realistic and achievable participation of all by supervision. 4 Risk and Hazard Prevention a. Prevention and control measures; b. Emergency preparedness/ awareness and response; and c. Procurement (tools, equipment, services, contractors, etc.). 5 Performance Monitoring, Investigation and Reporting a. Hazards and natural calamities prevention measures; b. Ambient working environment; c. Work related injuries, ill health, diseases and on-going incidents; and d. On-going medical and safety monitoring program for all workers and employees. 6 Evaluation a. Feedback; b. Corrective measures; and c. Action plan.

 Disaster Management Plan Fire and Earthquake are major disaster for the buildings occupants causing injury and even death due to insufficient or lack of disaster management plan. In this regard, the following should be taken into consideration to protect the properties and property users such as:

. There should be automatic fire/heat detecting system in each room in each floor of DTC buildings, as well as water sprinklers.

. There should be sufficient fire extinguishers in each floor which should be checked by the Fire Service Officials twice in a year.

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. The storage capacity of the fire fighting reservoir should not be less than 100 cu.m so that a rate of flow of 2250 lpm at a pressure of 3kg/sq.m. could be maintained which should be capable of fighting about 45 minutes in case of a fire.

. The buildings should have emergency fire exits.

. All electrical wirings should be accomplished with good quality wire to prevent electrical leakages, fires and spread of fires.

. The high risk electrical area should be clearly marked with warnings to avoid dangerous practices in the vicinity so that there would be less chance of accidents from those installations.

. The building should be designed by considering proper earthquake load of the zone.

. There should be automatic system in the lift of dormitory (future provision) of the complex so that it would reach to the nearest floor and open the door during electricity failure.

. Site should be identified for assembly during fire or any other hazard with clear marking within and outside the buildings to reach safety.

. Awareness to be provided to building users on its safety precautions, code of conduct to minimize user-induced hazards and how to respond during hazardous events.

 Cyclone Management Plan

The area of the proposed DTC of KEPZ has risk of cyclone and tidal surges. The following measure need to be taken: Regular communication with Bangladesh meteorological department . Awareness for cyclone and tidal preparedness . Preparedness for after cyclone disaster management . Listen always radio news and act accordingly.

 Tree Plantation Program

Planting for landscaping and noise attenuation is suggested for DTC area of KEPZ. Total of 315 trees need to be planted including 178 timber trees (50% and @ 3m interval), 70 fruit trees (30% and @ 2m interval), 46 fuel trees (10% and,@3m interval) and 21 medicinal trees (10% @3m interval) have to be planted. Suitable tree species for DTC site of KEPZ has to be depicted below:

Table 6.14: Suitable Tree Species

Sl. Fruit Trees Timber Trees Fuel Wood Trees Medicine Tress No. 1 Amra (Spondias Jarul (Lagerstroemia Bakphul (Sasbania Neem (Azarlira pinnata) speciosa) grandiflora) chlaindica) 2 Mango (Mangifera Mehogini (Swietenia Debdaru (Polyalthia Arjun (Teominalia indica) mahagoni) longifolia) arjunna) 3 Black berry Shegun (Tectona Kadam (Anthocephalus Bohera (Terminalia (Syzygium cumini) grandis) chinensis) belliricha) 4 Jam (Syzygium Akasmoni (Acacia Pitali (Trewta nudiflora) Hortuki cumuin) auricoliformis) 5 Tamarind Rain tree (Samanea Krhisnochura Royal Amloki (Tamerindus indica) saman) Poinciana (Delonix regia) 6 Date palm (Phonix sylvestries) 7 Jhao

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6.2.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environmental monitoring is a very important aspect of environmental management to safeguard the protection of environment. During construction, environmental monitoring will ensure the protection of degradation of environmental quality.

In accordance with the EMP, an Environmental Monitoring Plan (MP) has been developed and presented in Table 6.15. The contract documents will contain a listing of all required monitoring measures and a time frame for the compliance monitoring of these activities. The monitoring will comprise surveillance to check whether the contractor is meeting the provisions of the contract during construction and operation of the Project including the responsible agencies for supervision.

The PIU through a CSC will be responsible to supervise monitoring activities of all contractors procured under the Project. The PIU during project implementation will:

 Supervise the environmental monitoring regularly based on the monitoring and management plan prepared in this report with the assistance of CSC. Submit quarterly reports based on the monitoring data and laboratory analysis report: main parameters to be monitored by the contractor are outlined in Table 6.15.  Oversee that the contractor is complying with all monitoring measures and has subcontracted a recognized organization for data collection for monitoring purposes. It is recommended to use the same institutions that collected the baseline data to avoid possible calibration and methodology errors.

The PIU shall submit the following environmental reporting documentation to PCU:

 Environmental Monitoring Reports: The environmental monitoring reports will include environmental mitigation measures undertaken, environmental monitoring activities undertaken, details of monitoring data collected, analysis of monitoring results, new recommended mitigation measures, environmental training conducted, and environmental regulatory violations. The environmental monitoring reports will be submitted monthly during the construction period and quarterly for three years after completion of construction.

 Project Completion Environmental Monitoring Report: Three years after completion of construction, the PIU shall submit a Project Completion Environmental Monitoring Report to PCU which will summarize the overall environmental impacts from the Project.

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Table 6.15: Environmental Monitoring Program during Pre Construction, Construction and Operation Stage

Environmental Monitoring Parameter Means of Monitoring Frequency Location Responsible Agency Aspect Implemented By Supervised By Pre Construction Stage Removal of Wall Monitoring all prescribed Visual inspection to During site clearance Proposed DTC site of Contractor PIU- Field office located at end mitigation measures in ensure the shifting of the operations regularly KEPZ 4 KEPZ access road & Mitigation Table (Table 6.11) electric line construction of 150m long new road to connect the DTC Site Tree Cut Monitoring all prescribed Visual inspection to During site clearance Proposed DTC site of FD, Contractor PIU- Field office mitigation measures in ensure the shifting of the operations KEPZ 4 KEPZ Mitigation Table (Table 6.11) electric line Construction Stage Ground Water pH, Manganese( Mn), Laboratory analysis During construction of Inside the boundary Contractor PIU- Field office Quality Arsenic(As), Iron(Fe), against the baseline deep tube-well for DTC of DTC of KEPZ (as through a 4 KEPZ Ammonia Nitrogen(NH3-N), established per design) nationally Total Hardness, Chlioride, recognized

Fecal Coliform(FC), Total laboratory

Coliform(TC) Air Quality SPM, SO2, NOx Laboratory analysis During construction At the construction Contractor PIU- Field office against the baseline (1 in 3 months) site through a 4 KEPZ established nationally recognized laboratory Noise Level Measurement of noise dB(A)  Laboratory analysis During day time and Near residential area, Contractor PIU- Field office against the baseline whenever any mosque institutional through a 4 KEPZ established complains are received area and site. nationally about disturbance due recognized  Visual inspection to to construction noise laboratory ensure good Noise measurements standard equipment and routine checks on are in use, maintenance records  Visual inspection to once in 3 months ensure ear plugs are

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Environmental Monitoring Parameter Means of Monitoring Frequency Location Responsible Agency Aspect Implemented By Supervised By in use by the construction workers  Inspection of vehicle and equipment maintenance records Occupational health  Check of personal Visual inspection Weekly Construction Site Contractor PIU- Field office protective equipment (PPE) 4 KEPZ for workers at the sites  Check if Health, First-Aid facility, and staff trained in First Aid are available at the sites  Check if medical checkup of workers is on going Operation Stage Ground Water pH, Manganese( Mn), Arsenic( Laboratory analysis Quarterly DTC Building water PIU- Field office PIU- Field office Quality As), Iron(Fe), Ammonia supply system 2 KEPZ through 4 KEPZ Nitrogen(NH3-N), Total a nationally Hardness, Chlioride, Fecal recognized Coliform(FC), Total laboratory Coliform(TC) Noise Level Measurement of noise dB(A) Laboratory analysis Quarterly (24 hours) Four corners of the PIU- Field office PIU- Field office and whenever any site boundary, at 200 2 KEPZ through 4 KEPZ complain is received m and 300 m from a nationally about disturbance due the following recognized to noise level locations: (i) laboratory residential, (ii) institutional (school, mosque), (iii) silent (hospital) area Air Quality SPM, SO2, NOx Laboratory analysis Quarterly (8 hours Inside the project PIU- Field office PIU- Field office continuous for two boundary 2 KEPZ through 4 KEPZ days) a nationally recognized

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Environmental Monitoring Parameter Means of Monitoring Frequency Location Responsible Agency Aspect Implemented By Supervised By laboratory Tree plantation Select healthy sapling to Visual inspection to Monthly As per Master Plan Contractor and PIU- Field office Program confirm survival rate ensure plantations in PIU- Field office 4 KEPZ and Monitoring plantation green areas and other 4 KEPZ PCU procedure designated sites. Maintenance of plants

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6.2.4.1 Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Development

List of various key institutions and their roles and responsibilities for implementation of EMP are given in the following sections: List of various key institutions and their roles and responsibilities for implementation of EMP are given in the following sections. . Profile of Key Institutions a) Bangladesh Export Processing Zone (BEPZA)

Details are provided under 6.2.1.2 a). b) Need for Institutional Strengthening of BEPZA

Details are provided under 6.2.1.2 b) c) Project Implementation Unit (PIU)

A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) for NARI Project has been established as an ad hoc office to manage the preparation (and subsequently implementation) of the proposed NARI project. The PIU has a central office headed by a Project Director. Also the PIU- Central office has three PIU-field Offices. Organizational structure of PCU and PIU is shown in the following Figure 6.5:

Figure 6.5: Organgram of PCU and PIU

Project Coordination Unit (PCU) Coordinating Director

Project Implementation Unit (PIU) BEPZA Project Director

PIU- Field Office 4 (Karnaphuly EPZ) - A Deputy Project Director Environmental & Social Unit (ESU) - A Project Officer Deputy Project Director (General Manager) - A training Center Officer - Two support staff

Superintended Engineer

Executive Engineer (Civil)

EPZAuthority

K Assistant Engineer (civil)

Sub-assistant Engineer (Civil)

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Main tasks of the Environmental and Social Unit (ESU) include:  Planning and implementation of EMP  Preparation of TOR for studies/surveys/data collection to be carried out under EMP  Selection of consultants, NGOs for different components of EMP implementation, including environmental enhancement plans  Supervision and monitoring of the progress of activities of the consultants and NGOs engaged by PIU for implementation of different components of EMP  Evaluation of construction related environmental impacts and monitoring of adherence of the EMP  Responsible for modifications of the EMP when there are adaptation/changes during implementation.  Implementation of environmental monitoring measures (such as environmental quality monitoring, tree plantation, landscaping, wild life monitoring) during O/M stage of the Project.  Monitoring of water supply, sanitation and health conditions at the project site  Preparation of reports to PCU and co-financers  Management and administration of environmental enhancement fund  Maintain liaison with other government, semi-government and non-government organizations, universities, research institutes in the country on the matters of mutual interest related to environmental management.  Facilitate consultations necessary with stakeholders related to environmental management. Job Description of Key Staff in ESU

The job description of the key staff in EU is given in the following sections: i. Deputy Project Director (DPD)/ (General Manager, KEPZ)  S/He will do the overall monitoring of EA and EMP implementation for the site.  S/He will co-ordinate with design Consultants (DC) for matters relating to Environment of DTC.  S/He will maintain liaison with Co-financers, Consultant and other relevant organization for implementation of EIA and EMP.  S/He will do the overall Supervision of the Environmental Unit for implementation Environment Management Plan properly.  S/He will co-ordinate, Supervise and Monitor the progress of activities of the Design Consultants (DC), NGOs and Design & Supervision Consultants (DSC).  S/He will evaluate the activities of Construction Contractors for maintaining Environmental related issues properly.  S/He will maintain liaison with the Panel of Experts relating to environment of DTC.  S/He will maintain close co-ordination with the PCU of NARI Project.  S/He will take steps to train the officers and staff of Environmental Unit.  S/He will take actions on any other related matters assigned by the proper authority. vi. Superintend Engineer (Civil)  S/He will supervise and monitor of the progress of activities of the consultants (DC), NGOs and Design and Supervision consultants.  S/He will liaise with Design Consultants for preparation of ToR to get Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) from Department of Environment (DoE).  S/He will maintain liaison with other Organization for implementation of EMP and EIA.

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 S/He will monitor implementation of EMP and EIA.  S/He will prepare progress report on Environmental issues to the authority and submit it.  S/He will do the administrative supervision over the subordinate officers and staff.  S/He will bring notice of his superior officers any adverse effects that are likely to occur in relation to environmental matters.  S/He will notify the DPD of any specific training needs for the officers and staff.  S/He will monitor and evaluate the activities of construction contractors to ensure maintenance of Environmental Parameters within required standards.  Any other relevant works which will order from higher Authority. vii. Executive Engineer (Civil)  An Executive Engineer (civil) will work under the direct supervision and instruction of a responsible senior officer of Executive Engineer grade or above.  The Senior Assistant Engineer (Environment) is required to report on all issues concerning his work to Executive Engineer (Environment).  The Senior Assistant Engineer (Environment) shall exercise the extent of authority delegated to him by Executive Engineer (Environment) or higher authority.  S/He will check the draft reports, Drawings, etc submitted by the Design Consultant for approval and draw attention of Superintend Engineer (civil) or higher authority for necessary action.  S/He will ensure that all operations s/he carries out or which are carried out by her/his subordinates are consistent with the work program. S/He will highlight any shortcomings and deficiencies and bring these to the immediate attention of the concerned officers and staff.  S/He will ensure that the execution of all works and other operations of her/his work and that of her/his subordinates are carried out in accordance with the Acts, Ordinance, Rules, Regulations and Directives issued by the Government from time to time.  S/He will ensure that all reports and other information required from her/his office are completed accurately in the required formats and are submitted to Executive Engineer (Environment) within the due time.  The Senior Assistant Engineer is responsible for the proper functioning and discipline of her/his subordinate staffs and s/he will report cases of default to Superintend Engineer (civil)  S/He will supervise and monitor the progress of activities of the consultants (DC), NGOs and Design & supervision consultants as specified by Superintend Engineer (civil) or higher authority.  If the authority instructs s/he will maintain liaison with consultants for preparation of ToR for getting Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) from Department of Environment (DOE) and/or with Organization for implementation of EMP and EIA.  S/He will monitor implementation of EMP & EIA.  S/He will prepare progress report on Environmental issues and submit it to the authority.  S/He will ensure administrative control over the subordinate officer and staff.  S/He will bring the notice of her/his authority any problems or hazards which have, as are likely to occur in the implementation of her/his work.  S/He will notify the DPD of any specific training needs for the officers and staff.  S/He will monitor the activities of constructions contractors for their maintaining Environmental Parameter in required standards.  S/He will carry on any other works as ordered by the Authority.

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viii. Assistant Engineer (Civil)  S/He will work under the direct supervision and instruction of a responsible senior officer of Executive Engineer.  S/He is required to report on all issues concerning his work to his responsible senior officer.  S/He will exercise the extent of authority delegated to him by his responsible senior officer.  S/He is responsible for the proper functioning and discipline of his subordinate staff and he will report cases of default to his responsible senior officer. ix. Sub Assistant Engineer (Civil)  S/He will work under the direct supervision and instruction of a responsible senior officer of Assistant Engineer.  S/He is required to report on all issues concerning her/his work to her/his responsible senior officer.  S/He will exercise the extent of authority delegated to her/him by her/his responsible senior officer.  S/He is responsible for the proper functioning and discipline of her/his subordinate staff and s/he will report cases of default to her/his responsible senior officer.  S/He will maintain all initial accounts for expenditure under her/his charge and submit them to the responsible senior officer within the prescribed date. d) Construction Supervision Consultants

Details are provided under 6.2.1.2 d). e) Contractor

Details are provided under 6.2.1.2 e). f) Other Relevant Organizations

Details are provided under 6.2.1.2 f). . Proposed Institutional Strengthening of PIU

Details are similar to DEPZ and provided under 6.2.1.2

6.2.4.2 Institutional Framework for Implementing EMP

Proposed institutional framework for implementation of EMP is shown in Figure 6.6.

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Figure 6.6: Proposed Institutional Framework for Implementation of EMP

BEPZA

PCU

PIU- Central Unit

Department of Construction PIU- Field Environment, REB, Supervision Office 4, LGED, Forest Consultant (CSC) KEPZ/ Department (FD) ESU

Contractors/ NGOs/ Small Contract

EMP

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6.2.5 Environmental Monitoring Cost

The environmental monitoring cost is given in Table 6-5. The costs of the monitoring will comprise: Air. water, noise quality monitoring through sample collection and laboratory analysis:

The total cost for implementation of the monitoring is estimated as USD 40,245 during construction and operation/yr.

Table 6.17: Cost of Environmental Monitoring During Construction and Operation

Rate Amount No. Activities/item Unit No Quantity (USD) (USD) 1 A. Tree Plantation No 1 3 315 945

B. Monitoring Cost 1. CSC (Environmental No 1 3,000 1 3,000 Specialist/Engineer) 2. Transportation for Site Visits LS 1 200 1 200 3. Air, Water and Noise Quality No 1 4000 1 4,000 Testing 4. Contingency LS 2,000 Sub Total 9,200 C. Operational Monitoring Cost/ yr 1. External Monitor No 1 3,000 1 3,000 2. Water quality testing No 12 1500 1 18000 3. Air Quality Testing No 3 2000 1 6000 4. Noise Quality Testing No 3 200 1 600 5. Contingency LS 2500 Sub Total 30,100 Total (A+B+C) 40,245

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7 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

7.1 The No Build Scenario

From a purely physical environmental point of view, the „do-nothing‟ is preferable to any project implementation, since it would avoid creation of any of the adverse impacts associated with the project. However, the potential socio-economic benefits to the nation would be foregone and industrial growth would be hampered by going for this option.

It is concluded that the „No build‟ alternative is unacceptable, and the potential socio-economic benefits of implementation of such project far outweighs the adverse impacts which are minor and temporary can be controlled and minimized to an acceptable level.

7.2 Consideration of Alternatives

Due to land scarcity in the country, seeking an alternative site for establishing a DTC area near the EPZ is quite difficult. Also, land acquisition is a lengthy and complex procedure under the existing Land Acquisition Law of Bangladesh (LA Ordinance 1982). In addition, the project conceptual development over alternative sites is quite difficult because delay in overall land acquisition process might create social conflicts and risks for the project. All 3 sites have been selected by BEPZA within the land owned by them and has done all general layout planning. This is also beneficial, as it also provides opportunity to use the EPZ industries to provide case studies on-site training. To avoid or minimize the impacts resulting from the activities of the project, EPZ authority is expected to adopt appropriate technological design, improvements or adjustments, policy including good site operational practices and applicable EMP and SMP, etc. The overall strategy shall follow the following sequence:  Impact avoidance or minimization  Adequate Compensation where impacts are unavoidable  Enhancement Measures – Employment benefit enhancement measures proposed by the consultants.

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8 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

8.1 General Consideration

Public Consultations such as Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), individual local people and Stakeholder Consultations (SCs) have been conducted continuously during the EA study in conformity with the WB and DOE guidelines to achieve the following objectives: . To enhance the sustainability of project by ensuring that interventions are relevant to the objectives of the project and will be beneficial to the people of the area. . To determine potential environmental, social, economical, cultural impacts and develop their mitigation plans including potential negative impacts along with mitigation and positive impacts along with enhancement. FGDs have been carried out with the group of people such as:

 EPZ Officials  EPZ workers (Female)  Local Government Representatives  People living near the EPZs ( Female and both female & male)  Small businessmen

Stakeholder consultations have been carried out mainly with the following organizations such as: BEPZA, DEPZ, IEPZ, KEPZ, REB and RHD.

These public consultations have been provided key inputs for the identification of the potential impacts (site specific) along with possible mitigation and enhancement measures of the project.

8.2 Focus Group Discussion

8.2.1 DTC of DEPZ

The details of FGDs are given in the following Table 8.1. The findings of these of these FGDs are summarized in Table 8.2. Photographs of FGDs and list of participants are presented in the Annex 8.1.

Table 8.1 Details of FGDs

Type of Group Date Village Union Upazila/ District No. of Thana Participants Shop Keepers 13 Sep,10 Pabner tek Dhamsona Savar Dhaka 11 DEPZ Workers 15 Sep,10 Pabner tek Dhamsona Savar Dhaka 8 Upazila Chairman- 15 Sep,10 Balivadra Dhamsona Savar Dhaka 10 Members bazar DEPZ Officers 15 Sep,10 EPZ Dhamsona Savar Dhaka 9 Police, Ashulia 16Sep, 10 Bolivadra Dhamsona Savar Dhaka 8 Police Station Mosque Committee 17Sep, 2010 Vadail bazar Dhamsona Savar Dhaka 7 Total 53

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Table 8.2 Summery of the FGDs

Questions to the Groups Participants opinion, comments and Action point/Response to suggestions proposal Any air pollution in the area due. Yes, moderate impact may be during. Construction materials carrying to the project during construction construction period due to carry out of vehicles should be covered and operation? If yes how to sands, earthwork and breaking of well. mitigate? bricks, boulders etc. Try to reduce air. Water should be sprayed on the pollutions. road to prevent dust flow in the air. Any noise- impact of the project. Yes, noise pollution may be occurred. Temporary wall should be made during construction and from movement of vehicles, piling and surrounding the DTC area to operation at the locality? If yes breaking of bricks during construction stop spreading of noise. how to mitigate? period. . Try to avoid making loud noise. Is the DTC area inundated. The project site is not a flood prone during flood? area. This area was not flooded even in 1988 and1996 high floods. What are the present drainage. There are no drainage and sewerage. Drainage and sewerage facilities? Any drainage facilities in the proposed project site. facilities have to be constructed congestion occurs? If yes how to address drainage congestion many days it remains? and flooding Where do you dump household. Household and other wastes are. Household waste management waste? Where is nearest waste collected by local people privately and systems have to be developed dumping area? How the wastes dump on the vacant lands. in the project area. are being carried to the dumping site? Does the existing status of. REB electric line crosses over the DTC. REB line needs to be shifted present utilities affect the locality site. prior to start construction. and whether it needs to move?. Piped gas is supplied from TITAS Gas (e.g. electric wire, water/ Company. sewerage line, gas, telephone. Deep tube well water is used for etc.) drinking purposes which is arsenic and iron free. Which type of vehicles move on. The adjacent road is used by. The connecting road needs to adjacent road? Does traffic rickshaws, vans, bicycles, motor cycles, be improved before starting congestion occur? Any accidents etc. Sometimes goods and construction construction works to avoid any occur on the access road of DTC materials carrying trucks are also found. accidents. site? If yes how many/year? Where & how far clinic/hospital .is Traffic congestion occurs due to poor located for treatment? and narrow road.

. Construction materials carried by truck should be driven at night to avoid accidents and traffic jam.

. No accidents have occurred so far and this is due to low speed of vehicles. A clinic and diagnostic center are located about 1.25 km from the DTC. Are you in favour of this project?. Yes, by this project unskilled and poor Why? women can develop their skills. They will help their family by earning money as well as help to national economy.

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8.2.2 DTC of IEPZ

The details of FGDs are given in the following table 8.3. The findings of these FGDs are summarized in Table 8.4. Photographs of FGDs and list of participants are presented in the Annex 8.2.

Table 8.3 Details of FGDs

Group of Date Village Union Upazilla District No. Of people Participants Poor Women 4,September 5 No. Saraghat Pakshi Ishwardi Pabna 12 2010 Vulnerable 4,September Civilhat Pakshi Ishwardi Pabna 12 Women 2010 Farmers 5,September Civilhat Pakshi Ishwardi Pabna 12 2010 Women 5,September Bagul Para Pakshi Ishwardi Pabna 12 2010 UP Members 6,September Pakshi Union Pakshi Ishwardi Pabna 8 2010 Parishad NGO Officers 6,September Hospital Road Pakshi Ishwardi Pabna 7 2010 Businessmen 7,September Taltala Pakshi Ishwardi Pabna 10 2010 IEPZ Workers 8,September IEPZ Pakshi Ishwardi Pabna 12 2010 Total 85

Table 8.4 Summary of FGDs

Questions to the community Participants opinion, comments and Action suggestions point/Response to proposal Any air pollution in the area due Most of the participants said as followings- . Measures should be to the project during. People live adjacent to the road may face taken to stop dust construction and operation? If slight air pollution due to the transporting of creation on the road yes how to mitigate? sands, earthwork and brick‟s chips. during construction . Dust will be flowed on the road. period. . The construction materials carrying vehicles should be covered properly and water should be sprayed on the road regularly. Any noise- impact of the project. Sound from construction materials carrying. Vehicles should be during construction and vehicles, piling and breaking of bricks may driven at day time operation at the locality? If yes cause a little bit noise impact. producing less noise. how to mitigate? . A few of them said that they will tolerate it thinking good future of the project. Any impact on soil especially. Majority said that there will have no impact on. The proposed DTC during construction? If yes how the existing soil. has less impact on the to mitigate? soil. Any impact on ground/ drinking. Most of the participants said no impact on the. During construction, water quality due to the project ground/ drinking water. surface water should during construction & operation. A few also said that ground water level may be used to reduce load of the project? If yes how to be slightly decreased, but no significant on the ground water. mitigate? impact on the environment.

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Questions to the community Participants opinion, comments and Action suggestions point/Response to proposal Any impact on trees & wildlife. Most of the participants said that there will be. More Trees should be (birds fox etc)? If yes how to a little bit impact on the existing wildlife; a few planted in the project mitigate? animals may be migrated during preparing of area and should try to the project. ensure safe habitat for . Firmly try to save the biodiversity. the wildlife. Is the DTC area inundated. The participants said that the DTC area is not. The proposed DTC during flood? usually inundated during flood. should be established . The project site is not a flood prone area. maintaining proper height to avoid any future flood. What are the present drainage. Earthen drainage line connected to the. The drainage line facilities? Any drainage nearby culvert. should be made of congestion occurs? If yes how. Drainage congestion is never occurred. sand, cement. many days it remains? Where are you dumped. All of them said no waste disposal facilities in. Waste disposal household waste? Where is the area. facilities should be nearest waste dumping area? ensured in the project How the wastes are being site area. carried to the dumping site? Is any cultural resource located. There is no cultural resource nearby the DTC nearby the DTC site? If yes project site. where & how far? Does the existing status of . All of the participants ensured the availability present utilities affect the of electricity, gas and water. Piped gas is locality and whether it needs to used. move? (e.g. electric wire, . Ground water is the main source of drinking water/ sewerage line, gas, water. telephone etc.) . PDB supplies the electricity. Which type of vehicles move on. Vot-boti (local), Tempo (local), rickshaw,. Facilities should be adjacent road? Does traffic cycle, Truck, etc. available to tackle any congestion occur? Any. At present, there is no access road to go to sudden accidents or accidents occur on the access the DTC project area. health hazards for the road of DTC site? If yes how. They usually take treatment facilities from the trainees. many/year? Where & how far Ishwardi Sador Hospital. clinic/hospital is located for treatment? Are you in favor of this project? All the participants are in favor of this project Why? Poor women will get training in free of cost and then they will get job and can provide financial support to their family.

8.2.3 DTC of KEPZ

The details of FGDs are given in the following table 8.5. The findings of these of these FGDs are summarized in Table 8.6. Photographs of FGDs and list of participants are presented in the Annex 8.3.

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Table 8.5 Details of FGDs

Group of Date Village Ward Upazilla/ District No. of people No. Thana Participants KEPZ Officers 18.09.10 KEPZ 40 Patenga Chittagong 10

Female 19.09.10 CDDL Colony 40 Patenga Chittagong 12

Teachers 20.09.10 Zoutho 40 Patenga Chittagong 4 Abashik Colony Primary School Male 21.09.10 CDDL Colony 40 Patenga Chittagong 12

KEPZ Workers 22.09.10 KEPZ 40 Patenga Chittagong 12

Total 50

Table 8.6 Summary of FGDs

Questions to the Participants opinion, comments and Action point/Response to community suggestions proposal Any air pollution in the area. Slight pollution may be occurred at the. Measures should be taken due to the project during construction period during transporting of to stop dust creation on the construction and sands, earthwork and breaking of brick‟s road during construction operation? If yes how to chips. Dust will be flowed on the road. The period. mitigate? construction materials carrying vehicles should be covered properly and water should be sprayed when required. Any noise- impact of th.e Most of the participants said that movement. Vehicles should be driven project during construction of heavy vehicles, piling and breaking of at day time producing less and operation at the bricks may cause noise impact during noise. locality? If yes how to construction phase. mitigate? . Vehicles should be driven at day time Any impact on soil. Majority said no impact. . The proposed DTC has especially during less impact on the existing construction? If yes how to soil environment. mitigate? Any impact on ground/. Most of the participants frequently uttered drinking water quality due about the insufficient supply of drinking water to the project during of Chittagong WASA. construction & operation of. They said that the construction and operation the project? If yes how to of the project will not create any ground or mitigate? drinking water quality degradation. Any impact on trees . & A few trees will be cut down . More Trees should be wildlife (birds fox etc)? . If A few animals may be migrated during planted within the project yes how to mitigate? preparation of the project area. Firmly try to boundary. save the biodiversity. . More trees are to be planted Is the DTC area inundated. The DTC area is not usually inundated during. The proposed DTC during flood? flood. basement should be . The project site is not a flood prone area. But established maintaining it was inundated in 1991 when the coastal proper height to avoid flood embankment was broken down. in the future. What are the present They said that existing drainage facility . is The drainage line should drainage facilities? Any moderately well. Drainage congestion is be cleaned up to increase

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Questions to the Participants opinion, comments and Action point/Response to community suggestions proposal drainage congestion never occurred. the flow. occurs? If yes how many days it remains? Where are you dumped. Household wastes are dumped in the dustbin household waste? Where present in the colony. The wastes are carried is nearest waste dumping out by the CDA vehicles. area? How the wastes are being carried to the dumping site? Is any cultural resource. There is no cultural resource nearby the DTC located nearby the DTC site. site? If yes where & how far? Does the existing status of. We have Drinking water and electricity. Measures should be taken present utilities affect the problem. The supply of water by Chittagong to ensure sufficient drinking locality and whether it WASA is not satisfactory. Piped gas is used. water supply and electricity needs to move? (e.g. Chittagong WASA should increase the supply required for the DTC. electric wire, water/ of water.PDB should reduce load shedding sewerage line, gas, problem. telephone etc.) Which type of vehicles. Rickshaw, cycle, car, staff bus etc. Majority. Facilities should be move on adjacent road? said that there occurs no traffic congestion. available to tackle any Does traffic congestion Majority said that, there occurred no sudden accidents or health occur? Any accidents occur remarkable accidents on the road. hazards for the trainees. on the access road of DTC. They usually take treatment facilities from the site? If yes how nearby MBBS doctor‟s clinic and CMC. many/year? Where & how far clinic/hospital is located for treatment? Are you in favour of this Most of the participants are in favor of this All the local people are in project? project. favor of the DTC project. Why?  Poor women will get training in free of cost and then they will be employed.

8.3 Stakeholder Consultations

Stakeholder consultations were undertaken during September 2010 and involved a team of consultation specialists; the Social Team undertook consultation with Union level officials and other stakeholders including, community leaders, community members and business leaders; the Government consultation process included District level and Upazila level. Consulted stakeholders can be divided into the following groups:

. Government (National, Divisional and District levels); . Upazila and Union Parishad Leaders, NGOs and other small groups; . Occupational groups (i.e. farmer groups, rickshaw and van puller groups, business community, Indigenous groups); and . Households.

A summary of participants list is provided below in Table 8.7.

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Table 8.7: Participation List of Stakeholder Consultations Undertaken

Stakeholder Category Activities Undertaken for EIA Preparation DTC of Dhaka EPZ 1 Md. Ashraful Kabir, General Manager, Dhaka EPZ, Savar, Dhaka 2 Kalam Md. Abul Bashar, Dy. Manager (Industrial Relation), Dhaka EPZ,

Savar, Dhaka 3 Md. Jillur Rahman, Project Engineer (In-charge), Dhaka EPZ, Savar, Dhaka 4 Ms. Rokeya Huq, Vice Chairman/Panel Mayor, Savar Upazila Parishad 5 Ruhul Amin, Community Police, Ashulia Police Station 6 Sirajul Islam, Officer in Charge, Ashulia Police Station 7 Shah Alam, School Teacher, Dhamsona Primary School 8 Rafayetullah, Mayor, Savar Pourasava 9 Md. Shaherul Alam, AGM, Admin, REB, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka 1 Md. Ahsan Kabir, General Manager, Ishwardi EPZ, Pabna DTC of Ishwardi EPZ 2 Mr. Mahbub Ahmed Siddique, SE (Add. Charge), Ishwardi EPZ, Pabna 3 Md. Babor Ali, SAE (civil), Ishwardi EPZ, Pabna 4 Md. Mozammel Haque, AE (civil), Ishwardi EPZ, Pabna 5 Md. Abul Kalam, Vice Chairman, Ishwardi Union Prishad, Ishwardi UZ, Pabna 6 Md. Shafuqul Islam, Literate to Women, Bangladesh Railway 7 Md. Golam Kibria, Ex-engineer, LGED, Pabna 8 Md. Khaled Syed, Ex-Engineer, RHD, Pabna DTC of Karnaphuli EPZ 1 Md. Mahmud Hasan, General Manager, Karnaphuli EPZ, Chittagong 2 KM Mahbub-E-Sobhani, Executive Engr, Karnaphuli EPZ, Chittagong

3 Abdul Barek Company, Ward Commissioner, Ward No, 40 CDA, Patenga, Chittagong

4 Abdul Razzak, duty Officer, Patenga Model Thana, Chittagong

5 Sk. Mohd. Hossain, Deputy General Manager, Chittagong Dry Dock Ltd, Patenga, Chittagong

6 Khan Abdul Wadud, Deputy Chief Engineer, Chittagong Dry Dock Ltd, Patenga, Chittagong

7 Mrs. Shirin Akhter, Acting Headmistress, Joutha Abashik Colony Primary School,(Karnaphuli) Patenga, Chittagong

8 Mrs. Monowara Sultana, Teacher, Zoutho Abashik Colony Primary School,(Karnaphuli) Patenga, Chittagong

Client & Design 1 I A Khan, Managing Director, Medway Consultancy Services(UK) Ltd. Dhaka Consultant 2 Ben Flatman, Architect, Medway Consultancy Services(UK) Ltd. Dhaka 3 Sabah Moyeen, Social Development, The World Bank, Dhaka 4 Warren A. Van Wicklin International Development Consultant, Social Development, Evaluation, and Policy Analysis, World Bank, Dhaka 5 AKM Mahbubur Rahman, Member, (Finance) Current Charge, BEPZA HQs, Dhaka

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8.3.1 Mitigation and Management of Key Stakeholder Concerns

In order to address key issues and concerns identified through the consultation process a series of management and mitigation measures have been developed. Common questions and mitigation measures are provided in Table 8.8. Specific findings of the individual interview at different site has been illustrated in the Table 8.9, 8.10 and 8.11.

Table 8.8: Key Stakeholder Concerns and Management and Mitigation Measures in Three DTCs of DEPZ, IEPZ and KEPZ

Key community concerns Proposed management measures

Potential damage to roads and other . Undertake a survey on the status of local infrastructure. infrastructure prior to Project and following completion of Project. . Repair or compensate for any damage caused by the project to local infrastructure such as roads.

Potential for increased risk of accidents on the . Develop traffic management plan and implement access road as a result of the Project traffic management controls around the Project site for approaching traffic to slow down.

Potential environmental impacts: . Develop and implement environmental management plans to address all aspects of the . Impacts on surface water and groundwater; environment. and . General waste management.

Potential for the utilization of local labor. . Policies to employ local labor where feasible, in accordance with skills requirements.

8.4 Individual Interviews

Different level of individual was interviewed by the consultants and field surveyors regarding the proposed DTC site and its activities.

8.4.1 DTC of DEPZ

Table 8.9: Specific Findings of the Individual Interview at DTC of DEPZ

Discussion Points Action Points 1. Whether the person is concern. The personnel were concerned about the They were aware of the about the proposed DTC site proposed DTC project at DEPZ. They knew NARI project and its proposed activities? that there will be a training centre which will train people for better job opportunity. And BEPZA will facilitate the training activities. 2. REB electric line passes over DEPZ and local authority of REB, both parties BEPZA should discuss the proposed DTC site of DEPZ agreed to shift the line through the outside of with the corresponding which needs to be shifted prior the boundary. authority before starting construction to start construction. 3. Land ownership of the DTC. The land for the proposed DTC is owned by The EPZ authority has area. DEPZ. full access to the area

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Discussion Points Action Points . The land is vacant and enclosed by a brick wall. 4. Comments regarding the DTC. The interviewed personnel appreciated and They welcomed the project. welcomed the project. project

8.4.2 DTC of IEPZ

Table 8.10: Findings of the Individual Interview at DTC of IEPZ

Discussion Points Action Points Whether the person is concern The personnel were concerned about the They were aware of the about the proposed DTC site proposed DTC project at DEPZ. They knew NARI project and its proposed activities? that there will be a training centre which will train people for better job opportunity. And BEPZA will facilitate the training activities. No link road & entry gate to The IEPZ authority has demarcated the IEPZ authority appeal to the proposed DTC site of IEPZ entrance gate of the proposed DTC site. RHD to build the area will hamper the Instead of LGED, RHD will build the approach road instead of approach road LGED as RHD has make movement of Construction the highway vehicles and construction workers. Land ownership of the DTC The land for the proposed DTC is owned by The EPZ authority has area. IEPZ. full access to the area The land is vacant and 3 sided boundary by brick wall. Comments regarding the DTC The interviewed personnel appreciated and They welcomed the project. welcomed the project. project

8.4.3 DTC of KEPZ

Table 8.11: Findings of the Individual Interview at DTC of KEPZ

Discussion Points Action Points 5. Whether the person is concern. The personnel were concerned about the They were aware of the about the proposed DTC site proposed DTC project at DEPZ. They knew NARI project and its proposed activities? that there will be a training centre which will train people for better job opportunity. And BEPZA will facilitate the training activities. 6. Blockage of wall in between the. The block wall has been established by the BEPZA should discuss access road to the DTC and the authority of CDDL to enclose their colony. with the corresponding approach road. . Discussion should be done with the CDDL authority before breaking the wall. authority before breaking the wall. . BEPZA already taken the authority of the wall 7. Land ownership of the DTC. The land for the proposed DTC is owned by The authority of KEPZ area. BEPZA. has ensured about the . The land is being used for agricultural authentication of the land

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Discussion Points Action Points cultivation by a local person on lease basis. lease contact document. . The duration of the lease contact has been finished on 31st March, 2009. 8. Comments regarding the DTC. The interviewed personnel appreciated and They welcomed the project. welcomed the project. project

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9 CONCLUSIONS

The present Environmental Assessment studied the environmental baseline conditions for the DTC sites of DEPZ, IEPZ and KEPZ in addition to screened the sites to assess potential impacts. The EA reveals that there will be both negative (mainly temporary construction related) and positive environmental impacts due to the construction activities and normal operations of the 3 DTC sites. The potential impacts of the 3 DTCs site development include:

Common Potential Impacts of all 3 DTC: During Construction: Negative impacts:  Air pollution  Noise Pollution  Sewage  Solid waste  Landscape  Access road facilities/traffic congestion  Road accident  Occupational Health and safety  Nearby public H&S

Positive Impacts:  Job Opportunities  Business opportunities

During Operation: Negative Impacts:  Solid waste  Sewage  Occupational H&S

Positive Impacts  Tree plantation (899 nos.)  Transport Linkage  Job Opportunities  Business opportunities

Specific Impacts of 3 DTC sites of EPZ (negative) during pre-construction:  In DEPZ, Utility move (Electricity line crosses over the site area)  In IEPZ, no entry gate exists  In KEPZ, loss of trees (119 of which 47 banana trees), source of water, blockage by brick wall across the access road and construction of 150m new access road.

No land acquisition (LA) are required for all the 3 DTC sites, as the lands identified belongs to BEPZA, as well as when improving access roads connecting the 3 DTC sites prior to starting construction.

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Implementation of appropriate mitigation measures during construction, and operation phases will minimize the negative impacts of the Project to acceptable levels. To ensure that these mitigation measures are implemented and negative impacts avoided, the measures will be included in the contract document of the Project with adequate monitoring and supervision in place.

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REFERENCES

1. Zweig, R, J D Morton, M M Stewart (1999), Source Water Quality for Aquaculture, A Guide for Assessment, The World Bank, Washington. 2. Fertilizer Recommendation Guide -2005, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC), Farmgate, New Airport Road, Dhaka-1215. 3. Munn. R.E, 1979. "Environmental Impact Assessment, Principles and procedures", John Wiley & Sons. 4. ADB, "Environmental Guidelines for Selected industrial and Power Development Projects" ADB, Manila, The Philippines, 1988. 5. DOE, “EIA Guidelines for Industries”; June 1997. 6. ESCAP, "Environmental Impact Assessment -Guidelines for Planners and Decision-makers". Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand, 1985. 7. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Vol. III, World Bank Technical Paper Number 154, 1991. 8. MOEF (1995), Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 9. MOEF (1997), Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 10. “The Study on the Solid Waste Management in Dhaka City” (2005), Dhaka City Corporation, The People's Republic of Bangladesh & Japan International Cooperation Agency. 11. BBS (1997), The statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka. 12. Rashid, H. (1977). Geography of Bangladesh. 1st Edition. University Press Limited, Dhaka. 13. Bangladesh National Building Code-1993. 14. Graphosman, World Atlas, 1996.

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