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Inventory of Angiosperm Diversity in Iswardi Proshova of Pabna District, Bangladesh

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Inventory of Angiosperm Diversity in Iswardi Proshova of Pabna District, Bangladesh ANALYSISANALYSIS ARTICLE Vol. 1 4, 2018 DISCOVERY ISSN 2278–5485 EISSN 2278–5477 Science Inventory of Angiosperm Diversity in Iswardi Proshova of Pabna District, Bangladesh ☼ Toma Rani Roy, Mahbubur Rahman AHM Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh ☼Corresponding Author: *Professor, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Phone: 880 721 751485, Mobile: 88 01714657224 Article History Received: 13 February 2018 Accepted: 29 March 2018 Published: April 2018 Citation Toma Rani Roy, Mahbubur Rahman AHM. Inventory of Angiosperm Diversity in Iswardi Proshova of Pabna District, Bangladesh. Discovery Science, 2018, 14, 9-22 Publication License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. General Note Article is recommended to print as color version in recycled paper. Save Trees, Save Nature. ABSTRACT Inventory of angiosperm diversity in Iswardi Proshova of Pabna district, Bangladesh was carried out from January 2017 to December 2017. An extensive floristic survey an angiosperms and collection have been made throughout the study area. A total of 9 207 species belonging to 169 genera under 74 families were recorded. Habit analysis shows that herbs, shrubs, climbers and trees are represented by 37.20%, 17.88%, 13.52% and 31.40% species, respectively. Distribution of angiosperm plant species in the Page © 2018 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS ANALYSIS ARTICLE families shows variation. The family Cucurbitaceae is represented by 13 species. Asteraceae is represented by 11 species. Fabaceae is represented by 10 species. Each of Euphorbiaceae, Solanaceae and Poaceae is represented by 9 species. Amaranthaceae is represented by 8 species. A single species is represented by 38 families while 2 to 7 species is represented by 29 families. The following species are found rarely distributed in the study area Abroma augusta L., Aphanamixis polystachya Wall., Asparagus racemosus L., Bixa orellana L., Baccaurea ramiflora Lour., Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennel., Celosia cristata L., Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume., Diospyros montana Roxb., Dillenia indica L., Enhydra fluctuans Lour., Garcinia cowa Roxb., Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC., Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers., Paederia foetida L., Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels, Rumex vesicarius L., Syzygium samarangense Merr. & Perry, Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. and Vitis quadrangularis Wall. For each species botanical name, local name, habit, phenology, abundance, and family were recorded. Keywords: Assessment, Angiosperm taxa, Iswardi Proshova, Pabna, Bangladesh 1. INTRODUCTION The flowering plants (angiosperms), also known as Angiospermae Lindl or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies (derived characteristics). These characteristics include flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. Etymologically, angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure; they are fruiting plants, although more commonly referred to as flowering plants. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from gymnosperms around 245-202 million years ago, and the first flowering plants known to exist are from 160 million years ago. They diversified enormously during the Lower Cretaceous and became widespread around 120 million years ago, but replaced conifers as the dominant trees only around 60-100 million years ago (Lindley, 1830). The angiosperms provide valuable pharmaceuticals. With the exception of antibiotics, almost all medicinal either are derived directly from compounds produced by angiosperms or, if synthesized, were originally discovered in angiosperms. This includes some vitamins (e.g., vitamin C, originally extracted from fruits); aspirin, originally from the bark of willows (Salix; Salicaceae); narcotics (e.g., opium and its derivatives from the opium poppy. Papaver somniferum; Papaveraceae); and quinine from Cinchona (Rubiaceae) bark. Sonic angiosperm compounds that are highly toxic to humans have proved to be effective in the treatment of certain forms of cancer, such as acute leukemia (vincristine from the Madagascar periwincle, Catharanthus roseus; Apocynaceae), and of heart problems (digitalis from foxglove, Digitalis purpurea; Plantaginaceae). Muscle relaxants derived from curare (Strychnos toxifera; Loganiaceae) are used during open-heart surgery (Naik, 2003). Over the last few decades several attempts have been made on the floristic studies in Bangladesh, particularly in the forest and protected areas (Khan and Afza, 1968; Khan and Banu, 1972; Khan and Hassan, 1984; Rahman and Hassan, 1995; Uddin et al., 2013; Khan and Huq, 2001; Uddin and Hassan, 2010; Tutul et al., 2010; Arefin et al., 2011; Uddin and Hassan, 2012). Studies on angiosperm flora in different Zilla and Upazillas of Bangladesh are limited (Islam et al., 2009; Rahman et al., 2013; Moniruzzaman et al., 2012; Rahman and Alam, 2013), however, there has been no floristic study in Ishwardi Pouroshova of Pabna district, Bangladesh. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Area: Ishwardi upazila (Pabna district) area 246.90 sq km, located in between 24°03' and 24°15' north latitudes and in between 89°00' and 89°11' east longitudes. It is bounded by Lalpur and Baraigram upazilas on the north, Kushtia sadar and Mirpur (Kushtia) upazilas and the ganges river on the south, Pabna sadar and Atgharia upazilas on the east, Bheramara upazila and Ganges river on the west. Soil texure was determined by hydrometer method and soil PH was measured in a 1:2.5. Soil water suspension measured by glass clatrode PH meter. This is the best soil for the growth of various plants. The study area has tropical monsoon climate. It is characterized hot humid summers and generally mild winters and rainfall. The summer season was commerce early in the March with the cessation of the Northerly wind. The winter season (November-January) which is cool and little rainfall; summer season (June-October) which is warm and no rainfall. The maximum monthly temperature can reach up to 37.78°C during April and minimum monthly temperature 7.78°C during January (BPC, 2001). Methodology: The work is based on fresh materials collected during twenty three visits to Ishwardi Pouroshova, Pabna, Bangladesh from January 2017 to December 2017 to cover the seasonal variations. The visits covered all types of habitats, particular river bank, 10 slope, village grove, fruit gardens and roadsides of the study area. Each trip lasted for eight days. Plant parts with either flower of Page fruits collected using traditional herbarium techniques to make voucher specimens for documentation. Field identification of the © 2018 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS ANALYSIS ARTICLE collected specimens was confirmed comparing with herbarium specimens Rajshahi University Herbarium. In some cases, standard literature such as Hooker (1877), Prain (1903), and Ahmed et al. (2008-2009) were consulted for identification purpose. For update nomenclature Pasha and Uddin (2013) and Huq (1986) were also consulted. The specimens are deposited in the Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh for future reference. MAP OF THE STUDY AREA 11 Page © 2018 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS ANALYSIS ARTICLE Natural vegetation of the study area 12 Page © 2018 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS ANALYSIS ARTICLE Field Observations 13 Page © 2018 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS ANALYSIS ARTICLE Herbarium Preparations in Plant Taxonomy Laboratory 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Inventory of angiosperm diversity of Ishwardi Pouroshova of Pabna district, Bangladesh has been analyzed by conducting twenty three field trips in various seasons during January 2017 to December 2017. A total of 207 species belonging to 169 genera under 74 14 families were recorded. Of these, Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledones) is represented by 177 species under 141 genera and 61 families Page while Liliopsida (Monocotyledones) is represented by 30 species under 28 genera and 13 families. Habit analysis shows that herbs, © 2018 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS ANALYSIS ARTICLE shrubs, climbers and trees are represented by 77, 37, 28 and 65 species, respectively (Table 1). Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Moraceae, Malvaceae, Mimosaceae, Myrtaceae, Poaceae, Rutaceae and Solanaceae are the dominant families with high species diversity. For each species botanical name, local name, habit, flowering and fruiting time, plant population, voucher number and family were provided (Table 1). Distribution of angiosperm plant species in the families shows variation. The family Cucurbitaceae is represented by 13 species. Asteraceae is represented by 11 species. Fabaceae is represented by 10 species. Each of Euhorbiaceae, Solanaceae and Poaceae is represented by 9 species. Amaranthaceae is represented by 8 species. A
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