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THE LEXICONS of PSYCHIATRY by the WORLD Heallh ORGANIZATION

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THE LEXICONS of PSYCHIATRY by the WORLD Heallh ORGANIZATION THE LEXICONS Of PSYCHIATRY BY THE WORLD HEALlH ORGANIZATION Lexicon of Psgchiatric and Mental Health Terms Second Edition World Healt.h Organization Geneva 1994 Lexicon of Alcohol and Drug Terms World Health Organization Geneva 1997 Lexicon of Cross-Cultural Terms in Mental Health World Health Organization Gen('va 1994 S',~8)"~~ k II ~ I' II' ~ World Health Organization ""- ДЕКСИКОЛЫ ПСИХИАТРИИ ВСЕМИРНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ Лексикон осахоатрических о относящихся к психическому зуоровью терминов Второе оздание Лексикон терминов, относящихся к штт и уругом психоактивным среустоам Лексикон кросс-культуральных термопоо. относящихся к психическому зуеровью Перевод с английского под общей редакцией доц. В. Б. Позняка УДК 616.89(082) ББК 56.1я43 Л43 РиЬйЬеа Ьу йе \Уог1с1 НеаИЬ Оеагатайоп ипс1ег Ше ИИев Ьехкоп о/ рзускЫНс апй тепий кеаШ гегтз, 2Ы еД, Ьехкоп о/ акоЬЫ апй втщ 1еттл, Ьеххоп о/ сго85-си2(игаг ^е^т т тгпЫ ЬеаНН © Шт\й Неа№ Огеагагайоп, 1994,1997 ТЬе В1гес1ог-Сепега1 о{ Ше ШогЫ Неа11Ь Огеатгайоп Ьаз егаШей 1гапЕ1ааоп п$Ы& 1ог а опе-Уо1ите еШйоп т Низяап 1о ЗрЬеге РиЬизЫп§ Ноше, Иеу, тоЫсЬ 15 5о1е1у гезрогкМе 1ог Ше Низап еШйоа Перевод на русский язык и издание Лексиконов псгаиат- рии осуществлены благодаря гранту, предоставленному Генеральным директором Всемирной Организации Здраво­ охранения издательству «Сфера» (Киев), которое несет ответ­ ственность за издание книги на русском языке. 18ВК 966-7841-25-1 © Издательство «Сфера», ху­ дожественное оформле­ ние, 2001 Содержание Предисловие \т Лексикон психиатрических и относящихся к психическому здоровью терминов (2-е издание) 1 Введение 3 Выражение признательности 6 Определения терминов 7 Лексикон терминов, относящихся к алкоголю и другим психоактивным средствам 177 Введение 179 Выражение признательности 181 Определения терминов 182 Лексикон кросс-культуральных терминов, относящихся к психическому здоровью 289 Введение 291 Выражение признательности 294 Определения терминов 295 Сводный указатель терминов на русском языке 349 Указатель терминов на английском и других иностранных языках 372 Предисловие проблема единства терминологии, используемой психиатрами разных стран, приобрела в последние годы особое значение в связи с унификацией но­ менклатуры и переходом на Международную клас­ сификацию болезней десятого пересмотра. В пе­ реводных изданиях литературы по психиатрии встречаются разные варианты одних и тех же тер­ минов на русском языке, что приводит к термино­ логической путанице, усложняет работу при пере­ воде, препятствует развитию и упорядочению свода психиатрических терминов. Кроме того, это меша­ ет эффективному международному сотрудничеству в области охраны психического здоровья. Настоящая к;нига стала результатом сотрудничества международнагр фонда «Женевская инициатива в психиатрии», и рабочей группы экспертов, представля­ ющих профессиональные ассоциации психиатров Бе­ ларуси, России и Украины. В состав рабочей груп­ пы экспертов по^.созданию англо-русского глоссария психиатрических терминов вошли; проф. В.Д. Вид (Санкт-ПёТербу^г, Россия), проф. Р.А. Евсегнеев (Минск, Беларусь), проф. В.Н. Краснов (Москва, Россия), д-р Н.В. Малыхиц (Минск, Беларусь), доц. С.А. Ма­ ляров (Киев,,, Украина), проф. Ю.Л. Нуллер (Санкт- Петербург, Россия), доц. В.Б. Позняк (Минск, Бела­ русь), проф. СЮ. Циркин (Москва, Россия), а также безвременно- умерший в период работы над проек­ том проф,:В.И. Полтавец (Киев, Украина). В работе также принимали участие д-р Т. Солодкая (Минск, Беларусь), г-н А.'Шелепин (ВОЗ ЕВРО, Копенгаген). Реализация проекта была бы невозможной без поддержки мейсдународного фонда «Женевская ини­ циатива в психиатрии», и мы выражаем глубокую бла­ годарность д-ру Роберту ван Ворену и г-же Алисой Пауерс за участие в работе с момента ее начала. В книге объединены переводы трех лексиконов психиатрических терминов, изданных Всемирной Организацией Здравоохранения. Главная цель из­ дания — достичь согласия и единообразия в отно­ шении русских эквивалентов иноязычных терминов. используемых сегодня в литературе по психиатрии и смежным дисциплинам. Стремясь найти наиболее точные русские аналоги представленных в изданиях ВОЗ терминов, мы старалась сохранить приведенные в оригинале определения и трактовки конкретных по-, нятий. В отдельных случаях даны комментарии, ка­ сающиеся расхождения в понимании содержания того или иного термина. Работа над проектом заняла более двух лет. Осо; бенность ее заключалась в том, что русскоязыч­ ные эквиваленты терминов обсуждались на сове­ щаниях рабочей группы экспертов с целью достижения консенсуса в отношении адекватного перевода тер­ минов. Таким образом были обсуждены все термины, вошедшие в лексиконы ВОЗ, а также значительная часть терминов, составивших англо-русский словарь психиатрических терминов, который выйдет в изда­ тельстве «Сфера» отдельной книгой. Мы надеемся, что настоящее издание будет спо­ собствовать формированию «единого языка» и по­ вышению взаимопонимания русскоязычных специ­ алистов, а также интеграции психиатрической науки и практики наших государств в процессы, проис­ ходящие сегодня в мировой психиатрии. проф. В. Д. Вид проф. Р.А. Евсегнеев проф. В.Н. Краснов д-р Н.В. Малыхин доц. С. А. Маляров проф. Ю. Л. Нуллер доц. В. Б. Позняк (руководитель проекта) проф. С. Ю. Циркин Рабочая группа экспертов по созданию англо-рус­ ского глоссария психиатрических терминов Май, 2001 ЛЕКСИКОН ПСИХИАТРИЧЕСКИХ И ОТНОСЯЩИХСЯ к ПСИХИЧЕСКОМУ ЗДОРОВЬЮ ТЕРМИНОВ Второе издание 1ех1соп ОТ Р$ус111аТг1С апО Меп(а1 Неа1(11 Тегт» $есоп|| ЕйШоп т ШогЫ НеаНЬ Ог§ап12а1:шп Оепеуа 1994 Перевод с английского д-р Д.В. Подручный Редакторы перевода терминов: проф. В.Д. Вид, проф. Р.А. Евсегнеев, проф. В.Н. Краснов, доц. СЛ. Маляров, проф. Ю.Л. Нуллер, доц. В.Б. Позняк, проф. [ВУК. Полтавец\, проф. СЮ. Циркин. Редакторы перевода определений терминов: доц. В.Б. Позняк, проф. В.Н. Краснов, проф. СЮ. Цир­ кин, проф. Р.А. Евсегнеев, д-р Н.В. Малыхин. Лексикон психиатрических и относящихся к психическому здоровью терминов предназначен для совместного использования с Международной клас­ сификацией болезней и связанных со здоровьем проблем десятого пересмотра (МКБ-10). Даны оп­ ределения (или ука.зания на синонимичность с дру­ гими терминами) приблизительно 700 терминов, которые используются в тексте МКБ-10. Большин­ ство из них — это термины, употребляемые в пси­ хиатрических диагнозах, термины для симптомов либо признаков, используемые для определения или описания психических расстройств, или термины, применяемые для объяснения более общих поня­ тий в психиатрии и сфере психического здоровья. Лексикон также содержит некоторые термины, которые берут начало в других дисциплинах, но сегодня широко применяются в сфере психическо­ го здоровья. Там, где необходимо, приведен в скобках код категории МКБ-10, в которой данный термин встречается. Это второе издание лексикона представляет собой большой шаг в направлении достижения общепри­ нятой международной номенклатуры для психичес­ ких расстройств и найдет широкое применение в клинических, образовательных и исследовательс­ ких учреждениях. I Введение 3 Сегодня составление словарей терминов, относя­ щихся к психиатрии, — отнюдь не занятие уда­ лившихся от дел академических работников. Оно яв­ ляется необходимой частью стандартизации диагнозов и служит для уточнения классификации в сфере психического здоровья. Два последних десятилетия ознаменовались введением четких (или «операцио­ нальных») диагностических критериев в разделе медицины, который ранее считался весьма подвер­ женным возможности субъективных интерпретаций, когда решающим фактором были особенности кли- и НИКИ. Последние классификации психических и по- = веденческих расстройств, такие как ВЗМ-ПШ* [1] ™ и Глава V (Г) МКБ-10 [2], были разработаны с дале- »« ко идущей целью не только служить способом ре- и гистрации психиатрических диагнозов для статис- ^ тических целей, но и стать важным клиническим, ^ исследовательским и образовательным инструмен- м том. В МКБ-10 («Классификация психических и по- ^ веденческих расстройств: клинические описания и д указания по диагностике» [3]) содержатся клини- ак ческие описания и руководство по диагностике около Щ 380 расстройств. Эта классификация является зна- ^ чительным шагом в нахождении «общего языка» по­ всеместно среди профессионалов в сфере охраны психического здоровья, а также представителей других смежных специальностей. Вместе с тем согласие и взаимопонимание в об­ ласти психиатрии будут оставаться неполными и кажущимися до тех пор, пока выработанный клас­ сификацией и диагностическими критериями син­ таксис не будет дополнен столь же ясной и прием­ лемой лексикой. Клинические описания и руководства по диагностике, какими бы ясными они ни были, содержат термины, которые сами по себе не оп­ ределены. Многие из них имеют долгую историю и Последней классификацией, изданной Американской психиатрической ассоциацией, является В5М-1У, опубликованная в 1994 г. — Прим. редакторов пе­ ревода. 2* прошли эволюцию в контекстах, весьма отличных от представляемого последними классификациями. Некоторые из них неоднократно изменяли свое значение. Кроме того, в современную психиатрию все больше проникают понятия и термины, беру­ щие начало в других научных и клинических об­ ластях, с которыми она взаимодействует: биоло­ гии, генетике, физиологии, неврологии, психологии, общественных науках. В клинической и исследова­ тельской работе, в обучении существует практи­ ческая необходимость обращения к авторитетному глоссарию. В 1989 г. Всемирной Организацией Здравоохра­ нения был опубликован Лексикой психиатричес­
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