DOCSLIB.ORG

Umidissertation Information Service

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Umidissertation Information Service INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a manuscript sent to us for publication and microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to pho­ tograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction Is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pages in any manuscript may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When It Is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to Indicate this. 2. When copyrighted materials are removed from the manuscript, a note ap­ pears to Indicate this. 3. Oversize materials (maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sec­ tio n in g the orig in al, beginning a t the upper le ft hand com er and co n tin u ­ ing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page Is also filmed as one exposure and Is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or In black and white paper format. * 4. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or micro­ fiche but lack clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, all photographs are available In black and white standard 35mm slide format.* *For more information about black and white slides or enlarged paper reproductions, please contact the Dissertations Customer Services Department. Dissertation UMI Information Service University Microfilms Iniernational A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Micfiigan 48106 8629425 Roberts, Joseph Bradin . EARLY ISLAMIC HISTORIOGRAPHY: IDEOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1986 University Microfilms I nternstionsi300 N. zeebRoad, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1986 by Roberts, Joseph Bradin All Rights Reserved EARLY ISLAMIC HISTORIOGRAPHY: IDEOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY DISSERTATIOI Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Joseph Bradin Roberts, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University Dissertation Commnittee: Approved by M.R. Waldman C.H. Fleischer " ^ Adviser S.F. Dale Department of History Copyright by Joseph Bradin Roberts 1986 To My Parents 1 1 ACKNOWLECGMOmS I would like to thank the American Research Center in Egypt for awarding me a dissertation research fellowship with funding provided by the International Communications Association» The officials of Dar al- Kutub al-Misriyya and Ma'had al-Makhtûtât of the Arab League in Cairo kindly allowed me access to their manuscripts and permitted me to micro­ film several of them. I am indebted above all to my teacher and friend. Professor Marilyn Waldman, who introduced me to the subject of Islamic history and over many years taught me to think as a scholar and to appreciate texts written by medieval Muslims. Her insights and painstaking suggestions lie behind much of this dissertation, and her kindness and patience made a difficult task easier. My other committee members. Professors Cornell Fleischer and Stephen Dale, helped in more ways than I can mention. I am grateful to Prefessor Fleischer for his encouragement, for his incisive comments that helped me to clarify my thoughts on many points and to improve the quality of this study, and for his generous help in translating some difficult Arabic passages. I am equally indebted to Professor Dale for his encouragement and sound advice and for the many hours he spent talking with me about this dissertation. Many other teachers, colleagues, and friends contributed to this dissertation. If I do not mention them by name, I am no less grateful. iii My wife, Diane, endured with grace and good-humor even when I showed neither and kindly took time away from her own dissertation to read parts of mine and to make many valuable suggestions. For her understanding and encouragement I will always be grateful. Finally, I should express my appreciation of P. Porlock's infectious optimism. VITA August 25, 1950 .................. Born, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1973 ........................ B.A. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1975 ............................ M.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field; Medieval Islamic History Studies in Ottoman History, Greco-Roman History, and Literary Criticism. TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION.................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................ iii VITA ........................................................ V TRANSLITERATION SYSTEM ...................................... viii CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION ...................................... 1 Selection of material ..... .............. 12 Selection of form ......... 16 Notes 22 II. Religious and Political Background ................. 30 Partisan Loyalty: A.H. 10-33 (632-750) .... 31 The First Fitna (36-41/656-61) 35 The Second Fitna (60-73/679-92) .............. 36 The Third Fitna and the Demise of Partisanship (127-133/744-750) .... 38 Assimilation and Conversion D'xcing Marwâni T i m e s .......... ............. 40 Piety-Minded Concerns During Marwâni Times . 42 The Shi*at *Ali— From Partisan Loyalty to Sectarianism...................... 44 Political Background 809-945 (194-334) ........ 51 Notes ..................... 60 III. KHALIFA B. KHAYYÂT (d. 240/854) ..................... 65 The Account of the Battle ........... 68 N o t e s ............ 78 IV. IBN QUTAYBA (213-276/828-889) ........... 81 The Account of the Battle ........... 84 N o t e s ......... ..... ........................ 92 VI V. PSEUDO-IBN QUTAYBA (d. after 196/811) 94 The Account of the Battle ........ 95 The Bay* a ............ 107 Portrayal of Characters ............ ..... 116 Notes ...... .............. ....... 127 VI. AHMAD B. YAHYÂ AL-BAIÂDHURI (d. 279/892) 132 The Account of the Battle ........... 136 Al-Baladhuri and the Hadith Format .......... 148 Al-Balâdhuri's Loyalties ...... ........ 152 Notes ...... ............ ........ 166 VII. AD-DÎNAWARÎ (d. 282/893) ................ ..... 173 The Account of the Battle ....................... 175 Ad-Dinawari's Loyalties ............ 181 Notes ..................... 187 VIII. AL-YA'QÜBI (d. ca.284/897) ........................ 190 The Account of the Battle ................. 192 Al-Ya'qubi's Loyalties .......... ...... 196 Notes .................... 204 IX. AL-GHALÂBI (d. 298/910) 207 The Account of the Battle ......... 208 Al-Ghalabi's Loyalties .................. 212 Notes ................... 218 X. AT-TABARI (224-311/838-923) 221 The Account of the Battle .................... 226 At-Tabari's Loyalties ........................ 266 Notes ............. ........ ... 282 XI. CONCLUSION........................................ 288 Ideology ......................... 289 Methodology............... 292 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................... 296 Vll Transliteration System The system of transliteration is essentially that used by tiie International Journal of Middle East Studies. Some Arabic words taken into English have been spelled in their English form; e.g., "caliph," not khalifa. 1 > 4 b J, t LL t Ji z th E j ^ gh C h ^ f t kh d J k j dh J 1 j r j.m z j 0 " s 0 h sh 5 « s ^ y 2 -a (at in construct) Vowels Long 'or u; â Dipthongs 5 au ^ Û <-5' aa Doubled "/iyy (final i) uww (final u) Vlll CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Relative to other fields of history, the study of Arabic/Islamic histories and historiography is under-developed. It received considerable attention at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century when the field of Islamic studies as a whole came into being; but after important initial efforts, interest in questions of historiography declined and has only recently begun to revive. As a consequence, the conclusions of the pioneers in the field have continued to inform the way scholars deal with and understand medieval Muslim histories, in spite of the appearance in the interim of many new texts and the development of new literary critical techniques of reading and understanding texts. Many of these early studies focused on the history of Muhammad and the early community during and immediately after Muhammad's lifetime. The major sources on which these scholars relied were the slra/maghazi works of such authors as Ibn Ishaq (d. 151/768) (in the recension of Ibn Hisham (d. 218/833), al-Waqidi (d. 208/823), and Ibn Sa‘d (d. 1 231/845) and supplementary material in the collections of hadith. Subsequent studies of the periods of the conquests and the Râshidûn and Umayyad caliphates were made possible largely through the publication of the lengthy and detailed history of at-Tabari (d. 310/923).^ All of these sources have four noteworthy characteristics: 1) They are composed in what we shall term the hadith format. That is, they are made up of sequences of hadith, each of which consists of the actual report or narrative— the matn— and a chain of individuals who had transmitted the report and attested to its accuracy— the isnad. In theory, the first link or figure in the isnad (the first name one sees when reading the isnad) was the person from whom the author of the work (al-Waqidi or at-Tabari, for example) had received the hadith and the last link was the person who had witnessed what the matn described and had narrated what (s)he had witnessed to the penultimate person in the chain. 2) The authors of the surviving histories
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Amr and Muawiya Pact
    Edinburgh Research Explorer The Pact (amna) Between Muwiya Ibn Ab Sufyn and Amr Ibn Al- (656 or 658 CE) Citation for published version: Marsham, A 2012, 'The Pact (amna) Between Muwiya Ibn Ab Sufyn and Amr Ibn Al- (656 or 658 CE): ‘Documents’ and the Islamic Historical Tradition', Journal of Semitic Studies, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 69-96. https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgr034 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1093/jss/fgr034 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Early version, also known as pre-print Published In: Journal of Semitic Studies Publisher Rights Statement: © Marsham, Andrew / The Pact (amna) Between Muwiya Ibn Ab Sufyn and Amr Ibn Al- (656 or 658 CE) : ‘Documents’ and the Islamic Historical Tradition. In: Journal of Semitic Studies, Vol. 57, No. 1, 2012, p. 69-96. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 The Pact (amāna) between Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān and ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ (656 or 658 CE): ‘Documents’ and the Islamic Historical Tradition* Andrew Marsham University of Edinburgh The limits of uncritical approaches to the Islamic historical tradition are now widely accepted.
    [Show full text]
  • Imam Ali Bin Abu Talib A.S
    In the name of Allah, most Gracious, most Merciful Imam Ali Bin Abu Talib A.S. His Life, Achievements, and Merits Dr. Syed H. Akhtar Austin, Texas Ali bin Abu Talib (A.S.)* was the cousin and son-in-Law of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh&p)*. It is outside the scope of this presentation to record the numerous achievements and merits of Imam Ali (A.S.). His exalted personality is such that even the most learned scholars are at a loss to fathom his greatness. His birth: The miraculous circumstance of Imam Ali’s birth givesus an indication of his unique position in relation to Allah (s.w.t.)*. Imam Ali was born in 600 A.D., on the 13th of Rajab, within the holy precincts of the Kaba, the house of Allah in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. His mother, Fatima binte Asad, experienced labor pains and walked towards the Holy Kaba. Its wall miraculously split, she entered the sanctuary, and the gap sealed itself behind her. Onlookers panicked and rushed to enter it, but could not unlock the door. She emerged three days later, after the baby was born. The Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) was the first person besides Ali’s mother to hold the newborn in his arms, and when Ali opened his eyes, it was the face of the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p) that he first saw. In the history of the Kaba, this is the only known instance of a person being born within its holy precincts. His ancestry: Ali’s father was Hazrat Abu Talib, the chief of the Hashemite tribe and an uncle of the Holy Prophet (pbuh&p).
    [Show full text]
  • The Holy Prophet Muhammad and His Family
    Yousuf N. Lalljee Ali (a.s) the Magnificent www.islamic-sources.com Chapter 1 ALI, THE MAGNIFICENT The life of Hazrat Ali stands out as a beacon, radiating its light into the darkness of this world. A world torn asunder by strife, struggle and wars, a world in which the value of human life is regarded as next to nothing. It must be borne in mind that it was Ali who gave a distinctive out- look to the intellectual, social, cultural and political concepts of his times. He was the Warrior-Saint of Islam, who spent his entire life fighting the holy wars and who in spite of his multifarious activities lit the torch of knowledge which gave unprecedented impetus tolearning-a marvel of the times in which he lived. (The wonderful personality he possessed has made him the greatest hero of all times.) In the world of today, his many- sided spiritual precepts might help to solve some of theproblems with which the world is faced today. His ideas were conciliatory and his mes- sage was always one of peace. He lived for justice and was very firm in his belief that every one should have a right to live in security, that there should be food, shelter and clothing for all. Humanity he considered as one family where there should be tolerance for all-irrespective of race, creed and colour and irrespective of wealth or adversity. Nowhere was his humane attitude more apparent than when he was dispensing justice. He had the strictest ideas of duty and responsibility and even the poorest and most insignificant of suitors always found him ready to give his case a fair and prompt hearing.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Lo Ndo N Soas the Umayyad Caliphate 65-86
    UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SOAS THE UMAYYAD CALIPHATE 65-86/684-705 (A POLITICAL STUDY) by f Abd Al-Ameer 1 Abd Dixon Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philoso] August 1969 ProQuest Number: 10731674 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731674 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2. ABSTRACT This thesis is a political study of the Umayyad Caliphate during the reign of f Abd a I -M a lik ibn Marwan, 6 5 -8 6 /6 8 4 -7 0 5 . The first chapter deals with the po litical, social and religious background of ‘ Abd al-M alik, and relates this to his later policy on becoming caliph. Chapter II is devoted to the ‘ Alid opposition of the period, i.e . the revolt of al-Mukhtar ibn Abi ‘ Ubaid al-Thaqafi, and its nature, causes and consequences. The ‘ Asabiyya(tribal feuds), a dominant phenomenon of the Umayyad period, is examined in the third chapter. An attempt is made to throw light on its causes, and on the policies adopted by ‘ Abd al-M alik to contain it.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropes of Early Islamic Settlement
    EarlyEarly IslamicIslamic SettlementSettlement UrbanUrban andand RuralRural transformationstransformations TropesTropes ofof EarlyEarly IslamicIslamic SettlementSettlement BedouinizationBedouinization ofof thethe civilizationscivilizations ofof antiquityantiquity AssimilationAssimilation toto thethe luxuriesluxuries ofof civilizedcivilized lifelife NeglectNeglect andand Disorder,Disorder, RuptureRupture andand DeclineDecline SomeSome historicalhistorical realitiesrealities inin thethe settlementsettlement processprocess VastVast majoritymajority ofof ArabArab settlementsettlement waswas inin SyriaSyria andand IraqIraq MovementMovement ofof peoplespeoples waswas closelyclosely associatedassociated withwith thethe conquestsconquests andand thethe armyarmy TheThe emergenceemergence ofof thethe amsaramsar (s.(s. misrmisr)) asas nodesnodes forfor Arab/MuslimArab/Muslim settlementsettlement MaintainingMaintaining thethe productiveproductive capacitycapacity ofof thethe landland waswas reflectedreflected inin patternspatterns ofof landland tenuretenure TheThe ThunderingThundering ArabArab HoardsHoards CategoriesCategories ofof EarlyEarly IslamicIslamic UrbanismUrbanism beforebefore thethe AbbasidsAbbasids DeDe NovoNovo citiescities Amsar Qusur and planned towns (e.g. Ayla, Anjar) ExistingExisting CitiesCities Resettlement within the existing towns Building adjacent – variation of the misr concept Defensive settlement - Ribat, thughur and awasim Basra,Basra, KufaKufa andand thethe earliestearliest amsaramsar Conventional designation
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo­ Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master
    INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6" X 9" black and w h itephotographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Accessing the World'sUMI Information since 1938 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8824569 The architecture of Firuz Shah Tughluq McKibben, William Jeffrey, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1988 by McKibben, William Jeflfrey. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy.
    [Show full text]
  • This Document Consists of 8 Printed Pages. [Turn Over Cambridge
    Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education ISLAMIYAT 0493/21 Paper 2 May/June 2017 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 50 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2017 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some Cambridge O Level components. ® IGCSE is a registered trademark. This document consists of 8 printed pages. © UCLES 2017 [Turn over 0493/21 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme May/June 2017 PUBLISHED Question Answer Marks 1 Choose any two of the following Hadiths, and: 1(a) describe their teaching about what Muslims believe; 4 1(a)(i) The central teaching of this prophetic Hadith focusses on being sincere to Islam and its teachings by whole heartedly believing in the supremacy and oneness of God and the finality of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). It goes on to emphasise how Muslims should follow the teachings of Islam by understanding the Qur’an and sincerely practising the Pillars of Islam. It also stresses that Muslims should be sensitive to the needs of others and should always work to better the society by being loyal members of the community.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 15 Islamic Society: Rise and Spread of Sects
    The Rise andRoman Expansion Empire: of UNIT 15 ISLAMIC SOCIETY: RISE AND Political SystemIslam* SPREAD OF SECTS* Structure 15.0 Objectives 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Arabian Peninsula on the Eve of Islam 15.2.1 Jahaliya: Pre-Islamic Period of Ignorance? 15.2.2 Arabs Between the Great Empires 15.2.3 Southern Arabian Peninsula 15.3 Islam in Arabia and Muhammad: Early Islamic Society 15.3.1 Migration to Medina in 622 CE 15.3.2 Conquest of Mecca 15.4 Islamic Caliphate and Dissension in the Islamic World 15.5 The Ummayads: Kharijites and Shia 15.5.1 Who were the Kharijites? 15.5.2 Rise of Shia Islamic Sects 15.6 The Abbasid Caliphate: Mu’tazila and Asharite 15.7 Islamic Sufi Orders 15.7.1 Rise of Sufi Movement 15.7.2 Spread of Sufi Tariqa 15.8 Summary 15.9 Keywords 15.10 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 15.11 Suggested Readings 15.12 Instructional Video Recommendations 15.0 OBJECTIVES In this Unit, we are going to study the rise and expansion of Islam and its various sects. Islam, as we know, emerged in Arabia but later spread to the three continents – Asia, Europe and Africa. After studying this unit, you should be able to: z understand the social and political circumstances in the Arabian Peninsula on the eve of the rise of Islam, z know the early conflicts which led to the establishment of Islam, z analyse about the formation of first Islamic State (Caliphate) in Medina and its consequences on the world history, z discuss the rise of Ummayad and Abbasid Caliphates, and z comprehend the roots and growth of dissent groups in Islam – Kharijites, Shia and Sunni, and Sufism.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    The history of the conquest of Egypt, being a partial translation of Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam's "Futuh Misr" and an analysis of this translation Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Hilloowala, Yasmin, 1969- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 21:08:06 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282810 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly fi-om the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectiotiing the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/27/2021 02:39:24PM Via Free Access FURTHER READING 561
    Appendix 3 Further Reading Since the completion of Etan Kohlberg’s D.Phil. dissertation in 1971 there has been a marked increase in the number of studies devoted to subjects discussed there. This ap- pendix, jointly prepared by the author and the editor, lists some of these studies; oth- ers may have been inadvertently omitted. The material is arranged in two sections, in conformity with the main themes of the dissertation chapters included in this volume. The first section contains studies on the Companions, with a particular focus on their role during the fitna and the effects of the fitna on Sunni and Shiʿi theology and politi- cal thought; this section also includes a limited number of titles on concepts associ- ated with the Companions such as the prophetic tradition (sunna) and the doctrine of consensus (ijmāʿ). Studies listed in the second section deal with the doctrine of the imamate in Imāmī Shiʿism until the end of the Buwayhid period. Five of the selected titles (numbers 38–40, 47, 54) are translations of Arabic primary texts. Several of the titles mentioned here also appear in the Bibliography. §1. The Companions 1. Abd-Allah Wymann-Landgraf, U. F. Mālik and Medina: Islamic Legal Reasoning in the Formative Period. Leiden, 2013. * The views of Mālik b. Anas (d. 179/795) on the prophetic tradition, hadith and consensus are discussed on pp. 94–137. 2. Afsaruddin, A. Excellence and Precedence: Medieval Islamic Discourse on Legiti- mate Leadership. Leiden, 2002. * Chapter 4 presents the Sunni-Shiʿi debate on the merits of the Compan- ions versus the Prophet’s family, based primarily on al-Jāḥiẓ’s (d.
    [Show full text]
  • A Thousand and One Wives: Investigating the Intellectual History of the Exegesis of Verse Q 4:24
    A THOUSAND AND ONE WIVES: INVESTIGATING THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF THE EXEGESIS OF VERSE Q 4:24 A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Arabic and Islamic Studies By Roshan Iqbal, M.Phil. Washington, DC July 15, 2015 Copyright 2015 by Roshan Iqbal All Rights Reserved ii A THOUSAND AND ONE WIVES: INVESTIGATING THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF THE EXEGESIS OF VERSE Q 4:24 Roshan Iqbal, M.Phil. Thesis Adviser: Felicitas Opwis, Ph.D. ABSTRACT A Thousand and One Wives: Investigating the Intellectual History of the Exegesis of Verse 4:24 traces the intellectual legacy of the exegesis of Qur’an 4:24, which is used as the proof text for the permissibility of mut’a (temporary marriage). I ask if the use of verse 4.24 for the permissibility of mut’a marriage is justified within the rules and regulations of Qur’anic hermeneutics. I examine twenty Qur’an commentaries, the chronological span of which extends from the first extant commentary to the present day in three major Islamicate languages. I conclude that doctrinal self-identity, rather than strictly philological analyses, shaped the interpretation of this verse. As Western academia’s first comprehensive work concerning the intellectual history of mut’a marriage and sexual ethics, my work illustrates the power of sectarian influences in how scholars have interpreted verse 4:24. My dissertation is the only work in English that includes a plurality of voices from minor schools (Ibadi, Ashari, Zaidi, and Ismaili) largely neglected by Western scholars, alongside major schools, and draws from all available sub-genres of exegesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK History Undergraduate Honors Theses History 5-2020 Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements Rachel Hutchings Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/histuht Part of the History of Religion Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, and the Medieval History Commons Citation Hutchings, R. (2020). Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements. History Undergraduate Honors Theses Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/histuht/6 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements An Honors Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Honors Studies in History By Rachel Hutchings Spring 2020 History J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences The University of Arkansas 1 Acknowledgments: For my family and the University of Arkansas Honors College 2 Table of Content Introduction…………………………………….………………………………...3 Historiography……………………………………….…………………………...6 Surrender Agreements…………………………………….…………….………10 The Evolution of Surrender Agreements………………………………….…….29 Conclusion……………………………………………………….….….…...…..35 Bibliography…………………………………………………………...………..40 3 Introduction Beginning with Muhammad’s forceful consolidation of Arabia in 631 CE, the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates completed a series of conquests that would later become a hallmark of the early Islamic empire. Following the Prophet’s death, the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661) engulfed the Levant in the north, North Africa from Egypt to Tunisia in the west, and the Iranian plateau in the east.
    [Show full text]