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Proquest Dissertations
The history of the conquest of Egypt, being a partial translation of Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam's "Futuh Misr" and an analysis of this translation Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Hilloowala, Yasmin, 1969- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 21:08:06 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282810 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly fi-om the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectiotiing the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. -
An Analysis of the Sociopolitical Factors Contributing to the Politicization of Sunni Islam in the Middle East
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College Spring 5-2017 An Analysis of the Sociopolitical Factors Contributing to the Politicization of Sunni Islam in the Middle East Ginger Wenzel Kieffer University of Maine Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Kieffer, Ginger Wenzel, "An Analysis of the Sociopolitical Factors Contributing to the Politicization of Sunni Islam in the Middle East" (2017). Honors College. 441. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/441 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIOPOLITICAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE POLITICIZATION OF SUNNI ISLAM IN THE MIDDLE EAST by Ginger Wenzel Kieffer A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree with Honors (Political Science) The Honors College University of Maine May 19, 2017 Advisory Committee: James Warhola, Professor of Political Science, Advisor Mark Brewer, Professor of Political Science David Gross, Adjunct Associate Professor in Honors Paul Holman, Adjunct Professor of Political Science Stefano Tijerina, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science Abstract This research analyzes the sociopolitical trends of the 20th century that have contributed to the susceptibility of the Middle East to extremist organizations, with a particular focus on Sunni Islamic groups such as the Islamic State. The goal of this analysis is to show how the failure of states to provide sociopolitical and economic stability has led to the politicization of religiosity as an alternative to secular authority. -
History of Islam
Istanbul 1437 / 2016 © Erkam Publications 2016 / 1437 H HISTORY OF ISLAM Original Title : İslam Tarihi (Ders Kitabı) Author : Commission Auteur du Volume « Histoire de l’Afrique » : Dr. Said ZONGO Coordinator : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Faruk KANGER Academic Consultant : Lokman HELVACI Translator : Fulden ELİF AYDIN Melda DOĞAN Corrector : Mohamed ROUSSEL Editor : İsmail ERİŞ Graphics : Rasim ŞAKİROĞLU Mithat ŞENTÜRK ISBN : 978-9944-83-747-7 Addresse : İkitelli Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Mahallesi Atatürk Bulvarı Haseyad 1. Kısım No: 60/3-C Başakşehir / Istanbul - Turkey Tel : (90-212) 671-0700 (pbx) Fax : (90-212) 671-0748 E-mail : [email protected] Web : www.islamicpublishing.org Printed by : Erkam Printhouse Language : English ERKAM PUBLICATIONS TEXTBOOK HISTORY OF ISLAM 10th GRADE ERKAM PUBLICATIONS Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I THE ERA OF FOUR RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS (632–661) / 8 A. THE ELECTION OF THE FIRST CALIPH .............................................................................................. 11 B. THE PERIOD OF ABU BAKR (May Allah be Pleased with him) (632–634) ....................................... 11 C. THE PERIOD OF UMAR (May Allah be Pleased with him) (634–644) ............................................... 16 D. THE PERIOD OF UTHMAN (May Allah be Pleased with him) (644–656) ........................................ 21 E. THE PERIOD OF ALI (May Allah be pleased with him) (656-661) ...................................................... 26 EVALUATION QUESTIONS ......................................................................................................................... -
Battle of Ṣiffīn
Battle of Ṣiffīn adapted from ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib: His Life and Times by Dr. Ali M. Sallabi WWW.MAHAJJAH.COM Transliteration key ḍ - ض ’ - أ إ ṭ - ط ā - آ ẓ - ظ b - ب ʿ - ع t - ت gh - غ th - ث f - ف j - ج q - ق ḥ - ح k - ك kh - خ l - ل d - د m - م dh - ذ n - ن r - ر w, ū - و z - ز h - ه s - س y, ī - ي sh - ش ṣ - ص Contents Chain of events leading up to the battle 5 1. Umm Ḥabībah bint Abī Sufyān sends Nuʿmān ibn Bashīr with ʿUthmān’s chemise to Muʿāwiyah and the people of Syria 5 2. Muʿāwiyah’s motives for not swearing allegiance 6 3. Muʿāwiyah responds to Amīr al-Mu’minīn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 9 4. Amīr al-Mu‘minīn ʿAlī’s preparations for the march to Syria, and Ḥasan’s objection to that 10 5. After the Battle of the Camel, Amīr al-Mu’minīn ʿAlī sent Jarīr ibn ʿAbd Allah to Muʿāwiyah 11 6. ʿAlī’s march to Syria 13 7. Muʿāwiyah’s going out to Ṣiffīn 14 8. The fight for the water 17 9. Cooling off and attempts at reconciliation 18 Outbreak of fighting 20 1. The first day of the battle 20 2. The second day 22 3. The night of clamour and Friday 25 4. The call for arbitration 26 5. Noble conduct during battle 32 6. Treatment of captives 35 7. The number of people slain 36 8. Amīr al-Mu’minīn ʿAlī’s inspection of the dead and praying for mercy for them 37 9. -
Umidissertation Information Service
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IH3CRT03 - the Glorious Caliphate
QUESTION PAPER - ISLAMIC HISTORY IH3CRT03 - The Glorious Caliphate Time: Max. Marks: Multiple Choice Questions (Answer all questions) 1. The title ‘Siddiq’ was given to: (A) Abu Bakr (B) Umar (C) Uthman (D) Ali 2. The title ‘Farooq’ was given to: (A) Abu Bakr (B) Umar (C) Uthman (D) Ali 3. Hijrah calendar was introduced by: (A) Abu Bakr (B) Umar (C) Uthman (D) Ali 4. Slavery was abolished by the Pious Caliph: (A) Abu Bakr (B) Umar (C) Uthman (D) Ali 5. Saifullah was: (A) Ali (B) Abu Ubaida (C) Khalid ibn Walid (D) Abdullah ibn Zubair 6. The capital of Hazrat Ali was: (A) Mecca (B) Medina (C) Kufa (D) Damascus 7. The Riddah war was held during the reign of : (A) Abu Bakr (B) Umar (C) Uthman (D) Ali 8. The rule of Hazrat Umar was started on: (A) 632 (B) 633 1 (C) 634 (D) 635 9. In the Battle of Yarmuk Muslims captured: (A) Syria (B) Persia (C) Egypt (D) Jerusalem 10. The fall of Jerusalem under Muslim was led by: (A) Khalid ibn Walid (B) Amr ibn Aas (C) Abu Ubaida (D) Ikrima 11. The Battle of Namaraq is associated with the Muslim occupation of: (A) Syria (B) Persia (C) Egypt (D) Jerusalem 12. The first civil war in Islam is: (A) Battle of Badr (B) Battle of Qadisiya (C) Battle of Bridge (D) Battle of Camel 13. The first conquest of Egypt under Muslims was led by: (A) Khalid ibn Walid (B) Amr ibn Aas (C) Abu Ubaida (D) Zayd 14. Kheraj is: (A) Land Tax (B) Poll Tax (C) Spoils of War (D) Charity Payment 15. -
Rise of Islam
Rise of Islam I. Muhammad 570-632 CE A. Early life 1. Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe, Banu Hashim 2. Orphaned 3. Abu Talib- paternal uncle a. Merchant b. Muhammad- caravan journeys put him in contact with outside world & monotheism 4. Age 25 a. Married Khadijah b. 610 1st revelation c. 613 goes public d. Converts-Khadijah & Ali B. Persecution, Flight & Victory 1. Muhammad the Threat a. Followers grew b. Umayyad rulers viewed development as threat c. Fear- Muhammad will supplant gods of the Ka’ba d. Plot to kill / Muhammad flees 2. Muhammad's Flight to Medina a. Clans on verge of civil war b. Settle disputes c. Umayyad rulers- fear rise of his power 3. Key Events / Growth of Muhammad’s Followers a. 624 Battle of Badr 1. Muslims attack Quraysh caravan 2. Outnumbered they win 3. Emerge self confident with more converts 4. Unites many tribes b. 630 Muhammad’s Hajj to Mecca 1. 10,000 converts 2. Smash idols 3. Ka’ba – dedicated to Allah II. Uniting Arabs A. From polytheism to monotheism 1. Opportunities a. Distinct indigenous religion b. Supplant clan divisions c. Umma- community of the faithful (transcend tribal boundaries) d. Offered ethical system capable of ending social rifts e. Equality 2. Universalistic Elements 1 a. Monotheism, legal codes, egalitarianism, & sense of community b. 5 pillars 1. Acceptance of Islam 2. Prayer 5 times a day 3. Fast- during month of Ramadan 4. Zakat – tithe / charity 5. Hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca B. Consolidation and Division in the Islamic Community 1. Death of Muhammad 632 a. -
Class 10 (13 Years Old)
TAREEKH SYLLABUS - CLASS 10 (13 YEARS OLD) TOPIC 1: THE EVENTS OF SAQIFA TOPIC 2: ABU BAKR - THE FIRST CALIPH TOPIC 3: UMAR - THE SECOND CALIPH TOPIC 4: UTHMAN - THE THIRD CALIPH TOPIC 5: THE CALIPHATE OF IMAM ALI (A) TOPIC 6: THE BATTLE OF JAMAL TOPIC 7: THE BATTLE OF SIFFIN TOPIC 8: THE BATTLE OF NAHRAWAN TOPIC 9: KARBALA (1) YAZID'S DEMAND FOR ALLEGIANCE & HIS DEPARTURE FROM MADINA TOPIC 10: KARBALA (2) IMAM HUSAIN (A) IN MAKKA TOPIC 11: KARBALA (3) MUSLIM BIN AQEEL IN KUFA TOPIC 12: KARBALA (4) THE ARRIVAL IN KARBALA TOPIC 13: KARBALA (5) THE EVENTS OF THE FIRST DAYS TOPIC 14: KARBALA (6) THE NIGHT OF ASHURA TOPIC 15: KARBALA (7) THE DAY OF ASHURA TOPIC 16: KARBALA (8) THE AFTERMATH OF KARBALA TOPIC 17: KARBALA (9) THE JOURNEY TO DAMASCUS TOPIC 18: KARBALA (10) THE COURT OF YAZID TOPIC 19 : PROPHET LUT (A) TOPIC 20: THE PEOPLE OF RAS TOPIC 21: THE PEOPLE OF SABT My Tareekh Teacher is _____________________________ Phone Number _______________ Tareekh Page 10.1 www.madressa.net TOPIC 1: THE EVENTS OF SAQIFA While Imam Ali (A) was busy attending to the burial of the Holy Prophet (S), the Muhajireen of Makka and the Ansar of Madina had lost no time in contesting the matter of the Caliphate. They had gathered at a place called Saqifa bani Sa'da and each group was putting forward its merits and claiming the Caliphate. One can only wonder at their actions, because only two months ago the Holy Prophet (S) had openly declared that Imam Ali (A) would be his successor. -
Descargar Descargar
Opción, Año 35, Especial No.23 (2019): 1130-1139 ISSN 1012-1587/ISSNe: 2477-9385 The historical starting points for the statehood of umayyad caliphate Saad Kadhim Abd Al-Janabi, Ahmed Jabar Jamr al-Hilali [email protected], [email protected] Abstract This research aims at studying the factors of the establishment of the Umayyad caliphate through the history of Al-Tabari (The History of the Prophets and Kings) who has passed away in 310 A.H, through comparing his stories with the other Islamic history resources. As a result, some of the historians who preceded Al-Tabari agreed that Abu Bakr made Yazid the Caliph of Syria in order to create the Umayyad caliphate. In conclusion, the killing of Ali bin Abi Talib is among the most important factors that precipitated the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate. Keywords: Historical, Starting, Statehood, Umayyad Caliphate. Los puntos de partida históricos para la estadidad del califato omeya Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar los factores del establecimiento del califato omeya a través de la historia de Al-Tabari (La historia de los profetas y reyes) que falleció en 310 A.H, comparando sus historias con los otros recursos de la historia islámica. Como resultado, algunos de los historiadores que precedieron a Al- Tabari acordaron que Abu Bakr convirtió a Yazid en el califa de Siria para crear el califato omeya. En conclusión, el asesinato de Ali bin Abi Talib es uno de los factores más importantes que precipitó el establecimiento del califato omeya. Palabras clave: Histórico, Comienzo, Estado, Califato omeya. Recibido: 20-02-2019 Aceptado: 20-06-2019 1131 Saad Kadhim Abd Al-Janabi et al. -
The History of Islam Xv
CHAPTER 1 TIMELINE: THE HISTORY FROM THE DESERT TO OF ISLAM THE METROPOLIS he late nineteenth century into which Faisal was born was a world of T empires,570 ce and Birth none markedof Prophet it more Muhammad for him and all Arabs than the Ottoman Empire. By 1883, the year of Faisal’s birth, the empire had shrunk considerably Year of the Elephant, Abraha’s attack on Makkah from its peak centuries, when it bestrode three continents. The empire had once included578 large Death parts of of Abd Eastern al-Muttalib, Europe, thethe Prophet’sBalkans, Turkey, grandfather Crimea and the Caucasus, the Prophet Near East Muhammad (the Arab territoriesadopted by of unclethe Ottoman Abu Talib Empire and hisand Egypt) and nearlywife all of Fatima North bintAfrica, Asad but it had retreated under the pressure of stronger, more595 determined Prophet Muhammad’s and dynamic marriage adversaries: to Khadijah expansionist European empires and599 the newBirth forces of Ali of ibn ethnic Abi Talibnationalism. A series of constitutional, legal and economic610 First reforms revelation were to enacted Prophet in Muhammad the mid-nineteenth in the Cave century of Hira to check the slide ofAli the ibn empire Abi Talib and declares begin its his modernisation. Islam at the age These of eleven reforms, collectively known as the Tanzimat, effectively transformed the Ottoman state 613 The Prophet with young Ali’s help arranges Dawat Dhul- from a dynasty ruled by an eclectic mix of sharia law for Muslims, religious law Ashira (‘summoning the family’) to introduce the message for non Muslims, customary laws and privileges and autocratic decrees, into something approximatingof Islam the idea of a modern European state. -
Understanding the Stance of Imam Ali and Those Who Opposed Him at the Battle of Siffin
Understanding the stance of Imam Ali and those who opposed him at the battle of Siffin. The battle of Siffin was fought in 37AH, in a period known as the first fiṭna (sedition), a period of civil war within the Muslim community. This battle saw Ali ibn Abi Talib, the caliph of the Muslim community fight against Muawiya bin Abi Sufyan, the governor of Syria. It ended in an arbitration which arguably had lasting impacts on the Muslim community. A discussion on this battle from Shia and Sunni perspectives was held by The Centre for Intra-Muslim on the 9th of January 2021. The Sunni presentation was carried out by Syed Naveed Shah, an Imam for over 10 years currently serving in Medina Mosque in Bradford, and the Shia presentation by Syed Jaafar Fadlallah, a faculty member at Al-Mahdi Institute and The Islamic Sharia Institute Beirut. Syed Naveed’s presentation, which was a historical account of the events, outlined the events leading up to and including the battle of Siffin from Sunni sources. From his reading of these historical accounts, he concluded that Ali was appointed as caliph in a rightful manner and that Muawiya’s uprising against him was unjustified. Quoting Ibn Athir and Tabari, the Syed mentioned the legitimate, transparent, and popular nature of Ali being chosen as caliph by the people, despite Ali’s aversion towards taking this position.1 Muawiya however refused to accept Ali’s position as the caliph and sought to avenge Uthman’s death, which then led to Ali raising an army to restore order. -
Succession to the Caliphate in Early Islam
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1980 Succession to the caliphate in early Islam Faisal H. al-Kathiri Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, and the Political History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation al-Kathiri, Faisal H., "Succession to the caliphate in early Islam" (1980). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3049. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.3044 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Faisal H. al-Kathiri for the Master of Arts in History presented July 18, 1980. Title: Succession to the Caliphate in Early Islam. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS COMMITTEE: Victor C. Dahl, Chairman Noury a·l-Khaledy Nazeer el-Azma This thesis will examine the succession to the Islamic Caliphate as it existed during the time of the orthodox Caliphs (632-661). The four Caliphs who followed the Prophet in the leadership of the Muslim state were referred to collectively as the orthodox Caliphs, and their period was known as the righteous Caliphate (al-Khilafah al.-Rashidah). The process of succession of these Caliphs to the Caliphate differed from the procedure followed by the later Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphs, who followed ancient hereditary practices.