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The two sides agreed to appoint a judge who would meet and agree to a solution to end the calamity amongst them. So Mu’awiya The Early Khawaarij Sect And The Takfiri’s of Today appointed Amr ibn A’as and Ali appointed Abu Musa al Ashari. They wrote an agreement between them stating: “this is what Ali Ibn Abi The Khawaarij or Kharijite as written in many books, were following verse was revealed regarding Dhul Khuwaysara : “and Taalib chief of the believers agrees to”. Then Amr ibn A’as said: If I 8 the first group to deviate from mainstream Islam. The Prophet from them are men who accuse in regards to charity“ . There are a believed he was the chief of the believers I would not have fought Mohammad warned of their appearance and explained how number of different narrations of the above hadith. It is known that him so write his name and his fathers name as he is your chief not dangerous they will be: “they kill Muslims and leave off the the Prophet Mohammed prophesised the forth coming of this sect ours. Upon this Ali said: “write this is what Ali ibn Abi Taalib agrees 1 enemies of Islam” ; he also said: “if I live to see them I will kill them because Ibn Sa’id the narrater of this hadith also added: “I testify to and omit the words chief of the believers”. The scribe then wrote 2 9 like the destruction of the people of Ad” . Knowing the motives and that Ali fought those people while I was with him” . as he was instructed. The reciters were agitated and rejected this 3 methods deployed by the takfiri extremists will aid future action of Ali arguing that being the chief of the believers is a cloak generations and the world in general. The Khawaarij revolt which Allah gave to Ali and he should not remove it. After the This small treatise will involve comparative analysis - a technique agreement had taken place, each party went back to where they which will be particularly useful when making the comparison After Uthman was killed, Ali became the caliph though Mu’awiya came from. Mu’awiya went back to Damascus and Ali headed back between the extremists responsible for the political violence we refused to acknowledge this until Ali would bring to justice those to Kufa. witness today and the early Khawarij sect. who killed Uthman. Ali was unable to do this and demanded that Mu’awiya pledged his allegiance in order to unify the Muslims and On the way to Kufa, Ali faced enmity from the reciters and false This treatise will discuss who they are, and a brief mention of their prevent discord. Mu’awiya refused, thus difference appeared which accusations began to spread in his army causing disunity. When history, appearance, characteristics and dangers. Their pride and ultimately resulted in war. they got close to Kufa, a group separated from Ali’s army and left honour in violence against the state demonstrate similarities as well claiming Ali had done much wrong and accused him of not as differences between them and those contemporary takfiri There were three groups in this calamity. The first was Ali the caliph judging by the Book of Allah. They committed ‘kharooj’ (went out) extremists. The issue of haakimiyah4, which was the central in Madindy who had the support of Kufa. The second was Aeysha from Ali’s army and settled in a place called ‘al-Harurah’. Thus the argument of the Khawarij against Ali, will be discussed to show the with Talha and az-Zubayr in Basra. The third was Mu’awiya in Kharijite sect was established. Some scholars called them al similarity between them and the Takfiri extremists. Shaam. A war broke out between Aeysha and Ali in which Ali was Haruriyah after the name of the place which they separated to. They victorious and az-Zubair and Talha were killed, in a battle was Khawarij is defined as “those who render Muslims apostates totally disassociated with Ali and accused him of a number of known as the battle of the camel. Ali was then left with fighting because of sin and who rebel against the Muslim leaders and the transgressions against the shar’iah. They openly spread Mu’awiya. state”5. They are commonly known today as takfiri. Extremist is propaganda against him and denounced his right to be caliph. This defined in Islam as ‘those who go beyond the prescribed limits, in A group from amongst Ali’s army insisted on taking the booty from was the first sect in Islamic history to be separate from the main excess of the boundaries laid down by Allah”6. the victory of the battle of the camel and they insisted on taking the body of Muslims10. women as slaves. Ali refused this saying we do not take booty or slaves from Muslims. They argued saying we had always fought with The Khawaarij killed Companions A brief look at the Khawaarij origins the Messenger of Allah and took booty and slave girls. Ali tried to Ubaykaan quotes a narration from Ibn Kathir’s book Bidaya wa The first trial to befall the Muslims which lead to sectarianism make them understand that this was not permissible but they did not inwardly accept his ruling, though they followed him at that Nihaya also showing how the Khawaarij spread corruption on the within the Ummah was the trial during the caliphate of Uthman. This earth, shed blood, obstructed the paths, and made lawful the ended in his murder and division amongst the Muslims. After this moment. This was the first discord which appeared from the Kharijite. prohibited. Among the many Muslims they killed was an illustrious period some new Muslims with a lack of knowledge of Islamic companion of the Prophet, Abdullah ibn Khabaab. They captured \sciences followed their desires and from them appeared the The battle against Mu’awiya was called the battle of Siffin. In it Ali him and his wife while she was pregnant. They asked him: “who are Kharijite. was winning until Mu’awiya’s army called for arbitration and a you?” he replied: “I am Abdullah Ibn Khabaab, a companion of the The Kharijite were the first group in the history of Islam to group of Ali’s army insisted on accepting it. This group was the Messenger of Allah and you have terrorised us without right”. They separate from the main body of Muslims. The name Kharijite comes same group who did not accept they were not allowed the booty said to him: “do not be afraid, narrate to us something you heard from the Arabic name Khawaarij its plural is ‘khaarijiah’ which from the battle of the camel. They were fierce fighters on the right from your father”, to which he replied that he heard his father say means to ‘go out’, or ‘those who went out’, technically it means ‘to flank of Ali’s army. that he heard the Messenger of Allah say: there will come a form a sect’7. Thus the Khawaarij went out from the main body of In his book called ‘al Bidaya wa Nihaya’, Ibn Katheer narrates the tribulation (so severe) during which a person sitting will be better Muslims to form a separate sect or party. They appeared after the army of Mu’awiya began to loose the battle so they raised the than one standing, the one standing better than the one walking, caliphate of Uthman, though their origin can be found during the mushaf above their heads on their spears saying, “let the Book be and the one walking better than the one running”. So they led him time of the Prophet Mohammad. judge between us”. The leader of Ali’s right flank army led by Ashta by the hand. While he was walking with them, some of them found A hadith narrated by Ibn Sa’id: when the Prophet Mohammad was al Nakhahi, which was the section of the battle which inflicted the a pig that belonged to some of the non-Muslims living under distributing some gold which was sent back to him by Ali ibn Abi worse casualties to Mu’awiya army, came to Ali. He said: “they are Muslim rule. One of them killed it with his sword, so another one Talib, a man called Abdullah ibn Dhil Khuwaysara at Tamimi came asking for Allah’s book to arbitrate between us; let us allow the asked him “how could you kill it when it belongs to a non-Muslim to him and exclaimed: “be just oh Messenger of Allah”. This man judgement of Allah to settle this dispute and stop the spilling of living under Muslim rule?” the man went to that owner to put things was unhappy with the portion he was given. His description in other Muslim blood”. Ali said to him: “it is for Allah’s judgement I am right and he paid him for it. Later, while they were walking, a date narrations say he was sunken eyed had a bulging forehead, thick fighting in the first place. Indeed I called them to consultation fell from a palm tree so one of them took it and placed it in his beard, fat raised cheeks and clean shaven head. The Prophet before, but they were bent on fighting, so fight them now and do not mouth. Another said to him. “You eat it without permission or replied: “woe to you! Who will be just if I am unjust?” Upon leave anyone alive.

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