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INTRODUCTION Here, we provide a comprehensive and consolidated checklist of fishes of the Bharathapuzha River system Information on diversity and distribution of species (backed by voucher specimens) and discuss their is crucial for appropriate and timely decision making in distribution, threats and conservation. We also report biodiversity conservation. Collation and dissemination on the extension of range of an endemic cyprinid, of such information is especially important for poorly Osteochilichthys longidorsalis Pethiyagoda & Kottelat known yet threatened taxa such as freshwater fish, and 1994, and a new site record for Pseudolaguvia austrina for critical biodiversity areas such as ‘Hotspots’. The Radhakrishnan, Kumar & Ng 2010, in the Bharathapuzha Western Ghats part of the Western Ghats - Sri Lanka River system. Biodiversity Hotspot in peninsular India is an exceptional region of freshwater biodiversity (Dahanukar et al. 2011), where in spite of more than 200 years of research MATERIALS AND METHODS the ichthyofauna continues to be influenced by both the Linnaean and Wallacean shortfall (Dahanukar et al. Study area 2011; Raghavan 2011). Although there are hundreds Bharathapuzha has four major tributaries, of papers including checklists on freshwater fishes of Gayathripuzha, Chitturpuzha (Kannadipuzha or Kerala, in both peer-reviewed and gray literature, few Amaravathipuzha), Kalpathipuzha and Thoothapuzha provide data that can be validated. Most checklists from (Image 1). From the confluence of Kalpathipuzha and this region are not supported by voucher specimens, Chitturpuzha at Parali, the river acquires the name photographs and/or taxonomic notes and are mere ‘Bharathapuzha’. The flow regime of the river includes compilations of secondary information from some of the highlands (>76m), midlands (76–8 m) and lowlands earlier ‘dated’ papers/checklists. (<8m) (Raj & Azeez 2009). A series of large dams have The Bharathapuzha River, also known as ‘Nila’ and been constructed across the Bharathapuzha River ‘Perar’, originates from the northern and southern tips and its tributaries; two dams are located in Tamil of the Palakkad gap in the Western Ghats, as well as from Nadu (Thirumoorthy and Aliyar) and seven in Kerala the gap. The minor tributaries join together to form (Kanjirapuzha, Malampuzha, Walayar, Meenkara, four major tributaries: Gayathripuzha, Chitturpuzha, Chulliar, Pothundy and Mangalam). Further, there Kalpathipuzha, and Thoothapuzha (Image 1). It is the are two major diversion schemes, Moolathara and second longest (209km) and largest (annual discharge of Cheerakkuzhy, in addition to a Thrithala-Velliyamkallu 3.94km3) among the west flowing perennial rivers in the regulator-cum-bridge. A series of check dams are built state of Kerala (Raj & Azeez 2012), as well as the river across the lower reaches of Bharathapuzha in order to with the most extensive basin area, second in length retain water temporarily. and third in yield by thousand million cubic feet (TMCF; The Reserved Forest area in the Bharathapuzha Anon 1998). The Bharathapuzha watershed lies between Basin in Kerala is around 625km2, while it is 800km2 10025’–11015’N and 75050’–76055’E, and is located in the including forest vegetation in Tamil Nadu (Image 2). Palakkad, Thrissur and Malappuram districts of Kerala While Chitturpuzha watershed has forest cover in the State. Bharathapuzha has a total basin area of 6,186km2, Anamalai hills of Tamil Nadu State (Aliyar tributary), of which 4,400km2 is in Kerala and the remaining in Tamil the forest patches in Kalpathipuzha, Gayathripuzha and Nadu (Raj & Azeez 2012). Thoothapuzha are represented by 177km2, 196km2, The earliest ichthyological investigations in the and 252km2 of forest areas respectively in the State of Bharathapuzha drainage (then Ponnani drainage of Kerala. The Bharathapuzha and its tributaries also drain erstwhile Malabar state in India) were carried out by three important protected areas, the Indira Gandhi Tiger Jerdon (1849) and Day (1865). This was followed by Reserve, the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, and the Silent the works of Herre (1942, 1945), Silas (1951, 1958) Valley National Park, apart from many areas declared as and subsequently Indra & Devi (1981), Devi & Indra reserved forests. (1984; 1986), Easa & Basha (1995), Easa & Shaji (1997), Bijukumar & Sushama (2001), Shaji (2002), Kurup et al. Sampling sites and methods (2004), Sushama et al. (2004) and Devi et al. (2005). As part of the present study, surveys were carried However, most of these studies were restricted to one or out in all the four tributaries, viz., Gayathripuzha, a few regions and/or tributaries of the Bharathapuzha, Chitturpuzha, Kalpathipuzha (Image 3) and and a comprehensive study has not yet been realized. Thoothapuzha (Image 4) of the Bharathapuzha River and 4980 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2013 | 5(15): 4979–4993 Fishes of Bharathapuzha River
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