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Freshwater fishes of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats of Karnataka, India
Naren Sreenivasan, Neethi Mahesh & Rajeev Raghavan
26 January 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 1 | Pages: 17470–17476 DOI: 10.11609/jot.6778.13.1.17470-17476
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Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2021 | 13(1): 17470–17476 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6778.13.1.17470-17476
#6778 | Received 05 October 2020 | Final received 28 December 2020 | Finally accepted 03 January 2021
COMMUNICATION
Freshwater fshes of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats of Karnataka, India
Naren Sreenivasan 1 , Neethi Mahesh 2 & Rajeev Raghavan 3
1 Wildlife Associaton of South India (WASI), #19 Victoria road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560047, India. 2 4th block, Jayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560011, India. 3 Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Kochi, Kerala 682506, India. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected]
Abstract: The ichthyofauna of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary is comprised of 58 species belonging to 18 families and 44 genera of which close to 25% are endemic to the Western Ghats region, and eight are endemic to the Cauvery River system namely, Dawkinsia arulius, Dawkinsia rubrotnctus, Hypselobarbus dubius, H. micropogon, Kantaka brevidorsalis, Labeo kontus, Tor remadevii and Hemibagrus punctatus. Eight species found in Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary are threatened, including two (Tor remadevii and Hemibagrus punctatus) listed as ‘Critcally Endangered’, four species (Dawkinsia arulius, Hypselobarbus dubius, H. micropogon, and Silonia childreni) as ‘Endangered’ and two (Hyporhamphus xanthopterus and Wallago atu) as ‘Vulnerable’ on the IUCN Red List.
Keywords: Diversity, freshwater fsh, mahseer, Western Ghats.
Editor: Mandar Paingankar, Government Science College Gadchiroli, Gadchiroli, India. Date of publicaton: 26 January 2021 (online & print)
Citaton: Sreenivasan, N., N. Mahesh & R. Raghavan (2021). Freshwater fshes of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Journal of Threat- ened Taxa 13(1): 17470–17476. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6778.13.1.17470-17476
Copyright: © Sreenivasan et al. 2021. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.
Funding: All work was funded by volunteer members of the Wildlife Associaton of South India and the organisaton itself.
Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.
Author details: Naren Sreenivasan is a conservaton biologist working with the Wildlife Associaton of South India. His interest lie in working with communites to generate ecological data to inform management of freshwater ecosystems, especially in the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary. Neethi Mahesh is currently consultng with the Wildlife Conservaton Society to help develop a conservaton model for rivers. Rajeev Raghavan is interested in generatng informaton and developing methods to inform conservaton-decision making in tropical freshwater ecosystems. He is currently the South Asia Co-Chair of the IUCN SSC Freshwater Fish Specialist Group.
Author contributon: NS—feld work, fsh identfcaton, manuscript writng, proof reading, NM—feld work, proof reading, images, RR—fsh identfcaton, literature review, manuscript writng, proof reading.
Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank the past and present PCCF (WL & HoFF) of Karnataka Forest Department, especially Mr. Sanjai Mohan (IFS) for permitng this research; Mr. Manoj Kumar (IFS), CCF Chamarajanagar; Dr. S. Ramesh, DCF Cauvery Wildlife Division; Mr. Ankraj, ACF Hannur and all the feld staf of the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary for their support; Rahul Kumar for his invaluable assistance in identfying many of the specimens in the feld; A.J.T. Johningh who has guided us in conserving river systems; the Governing council of the Wildlife Associaton of South India (2015–2019) for their support. WASI volunteers who have spent much of their resources on fsh conservaton are a huge support to building awareness for riverine conservaton. We look forward to their contnued partcipaton in the future. Last but not the least we thank Suresh, Das, Joseph, and Rudra, without their knowledge and expertse in catching fsh, this report would not have materialised.
17470 Freshwater fshes of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary Sreenivasan et al. J TT INTRODUCTION anglers from around the world to the famous Cauvery fshing camps, managed by the Wildlife Associaton of The Cauvery River basin (81,155km2) is India’s fourth South India, and Jungle Lodges and Resorts (see Pinder largest, and also the largest river system draining the & Raghavan 2013; Pinder et al. 2015). southern part of peninsular India. The Cauvery River Except for informaton on 22 species of large originates from the Brahmagiri Hills of the Western mammals, 10 species of reptles, and 41 species of Ghats mountain ranges, and fows for a distance of birds provided in ofcial government documents 770km through the states of Karnataka (41%), Tamil (Management of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary), there are Nadu (56%), and Kerala (3%) (Chidambaram et al. 2018), no organized checklists of the biodiversity of Cauvery fnally draining into the Bay of Bengal. Physiographically, WS. Recently, the Indian Grey Wolf (Kaggere 2020), the river is surrounded by the Western Ghats (in the and the Ratel/honey badger (Gubbi et al. 2014) were west) and Eastern Ghats mountain ranges (in the east and also recorded from the sanctuary. Recent interest in south) and the Tungabhadra and Pennar River systems in underwater photography led to the frst report of the the north (Chidambaram et al. 2018). Cauvery is one freshwater Jellyfsh Limnocnida indica from the Cauvery of the few rivers in the peninsular Indian region known WS (N. Sreenivasan, pers. comm. 5 August 2020), to receive rain from both the north-east and south- extending its known range within the river system, west monsoons (Raj 1941), and also the most exploited from previous records in Coorg and the Hemavathi river in the country in terms of water abstracton (95%) reservoir (Manna et al. 2005). The biodiversity status (Chidambaram et al. 2018). of the Cauvery WS documented in government records Ichthyological studies in the Cauvery dates back to is however considered an underestmate as anecdotal Jerdon (1849) who described several species from the reports document the presence of 280 species of main course of Cauvery River as well as various tributaries birds inside the sanctuary (Chandra 2014). Although including Bhavani and Kabini. Subsequently, major Cauvery WS is mentoned in a number of papers relatng exploratory studies (and subsequent compilatons) on to freshwater fsh conservaton (for e.g., Pinder & either the main river, or its tributaries were undertaken Raghavan 2013, Pinder et al. 2015, 2020), there is very by Day (1867a,b), Hora (1942), Chacko et al. (1954), litle informaton available on the diversity of freshwater Rajan (1955), Jayaram (1981), Jayaram et al. (1982), and fsh species inhabitng this protected area. Except Raghunathan (1989). Though no recent studies have for a study by Shenoy et al. (2003) who observed the been carried out to understand the fsh diversity of the occurrence of 18 species of fshes within a 5km stretch entre river system, available estmates suggest that of the river Cauvery inside the sanctuary between anywhere between 95 (Froese & Pauly 2019) and 142 Bheemeshwari (12.305°N & 77.285°E) and Mutathi species inhabit the Cauvery River basin (Jayaram 1981; (12.306°N & 77.311°E), there have been no atempts to Jayaram et al. 1982). This number could even be greater understand the fsh fauna of this protected area. given the recent taxonomic and nomenclatural changes, As part of a larger project aimed at conservaton as well as new species descriptons from the river system and management of freshwater fshes of Cauvery WS, during the last 10 years. especially the Hump-backed Mahseer, we carried out The Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary (1027.51km2) a rapid survey of the ichthyofauna in February 2015, (henceforth Cauvery WS) is an IUCN category IV followed up by opportunistc visits untl the end of 2019. protected area situated in the Chamarajanagara, This contributon provides the results of these surveys Mandya, and Ramnagara districts of Karnataka State. in the form of a preliminary checklist of the freshwater River Cauvery, on which the sanctuary is named drains fsh fauna of Cauvery WS with notes on their threats and the protected area, and forms the interstate boundary conservaton needs. between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka states. Two major tributaries, Arkavathi and Shimsha also join Cauvery inside the limits of the sanctuary. Apart from its mammal METHODS and bird diversity, Cauvery WS is also known to support diverse aquatc fauna including crocodiles, oters and Inital part of the surveys were conducted from 3–14 freshwater fsh as documented by the “Management of February 2015. Follow-up visits were undertaken during Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary”. Of partcular importance is diferent seasons as recently as December 2019 in the the Mahseer (Tor spp.), a group of large-bodied cyprinid stretch of the Cauvery River between Shivanasamudram fshes endemic to tropical Asia, that once atracted falls (11.294°N & 77.169°E) and Mekedatu (12.261°N
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2021 | 13(1): 17470–17476 17471 J TT Freshwater fshes of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary Sreenivasan et al. & 77.448°E) within Cauvery WS. A rapid assessment and rapids across the study area but were observed to approach (Abd et al. 2009) with minor modifcatons migrate between pools and rapids in large schools either as was carried out for other sites in the Western Ghats in response to tme of day (09.00–10.00 hr and 17.00– (see Baby et al. 2010) was used to maximize eforts and 18.00 hr), or change in water level (moving to deeper minimize costs. Three types of fshing gears were used. A pools as water recedes). Pterygoplichthys sp. and Clarias botom-weighted gill net (15m X 1.7m, 1-inch mesh size) gariepinus was only notced close to the confuence of was used to capture small fsh, cast nets (3m diameter, the Arkavathi River and the Shimsha River. 3-inch mesh size), and rod and line (plant-based bait Although the waters of Cauvery WS (including the and lures) were used to target fsh larger than 30cm stretch of the river that was the focus of the present SL. All sampling was conducted between 06.00hr & study) is world renowned for its mahseer populatons 18.00hr. In the post-monsoon months, fsh were caught (see Pinder & Raghavan 2013; Pinder et al. 2015), opportunistcally in river-side pools, formed as the water there remains several knowledge gaps. The mahseer level receded. All fsh caught were photographed live populaton of this river is comprised of several distnct and released within the shortest possible tme afer ‘morphotypes’ of which, the ‘blue-fn’, ‘orange-fn’ or the their capture, adhering to the permissions provided by ‘hump-backed’ (see also Pinder et al. 2015) and a ‘black- the Karnataka State Forest Department. Family level fn’ are the most frequently encountered. While the taxonomy primarily follow Nelson et al. (2016), while humbacked mahseer is now known as Tor remadevii (see species level identfcaton was carried out following Pinder et al. 2018), there stll remains ambiguites and Jayaram (1999) supported by relevant updated confusions on the identty of the various morphotypes taxonomic papers on specifc genera. Species that could of mahseer present in the Cauvery, including the fact not be identfed accurately were mentoned as ‘cf.’ or whether they consttute one, or more distnct species. ‘sp.’. All species names adhere to the Catalog of Fishes Studies in this directon are ongoing. (Fricke et al. 2020) unless otherwise mentoned. Personal Majority of the fsh species that occur in the study interviews and focus group discussions were carried out area are assessed as ‘Least Concern’ on the IUCN Red with staf of the Karnataka Forest Department (KFD), List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2020), however, eight Jungle Lodges and Resorts Private Limited (JLR), and species found in the study area are threatened including members of the Wildlife Associaton of South India two that has been assessed as ‘Critcally Endangered’, (WASI) to understand threats to freshwater fshes, and four as ‘Endangered’ and two as ‘Vulnerable’. Fifeen of related conservaton issues in the study area. these species are endemic to the Western Ghats region, of these 15 species, eight have a restricted range, and occur only in the Cauvery River system. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The actual fsh diversity of the Cauvery WS is no doubt higher than what has been recorded in the Fify-eight species of freshwater fsh belonging to 18 present study, as there are additonal species mentoned families and 44 genera were recorded from the 37km in Shenoy et al. (2003) as well as those recorded by stretch between Shivanasamudram falls and Mekedatu recreatonal anglers (identfed through social media and inside Cauvery WS (Table 1). Order Cypriniformes personal photographs). Over the last 10 years, several dominated with 30 species (51.7%) under two families new species have been described from the tributaries of (Cyprinidae and Danionidae), followed by Siluriformes Cauvery (Dario neela, Laubuka latens, L. trevori, Ompok with 10 species (17.2%) under six families (Table 1). Close karunkodu, Pethia nigripinna) and so there are also to 25% (15 species) of the fsh species that occur within possibilites of several undescribed species occurring in the study area are endemic to the Western Ghats region, the waters of the Cauvery WS. Only a comprehensive of which eight are endemic to the Cauvery River system exploratory survey of the freshwater habitats inside the (including Bhavani, Moyar, and Kabini tributaries). Nine protected area in various seasons could unravel the true species of non-natve fsh including those that are diversity of fshes of this protected area. exotc and introduced from other biogeographic regions The study area has been the site of a 40-year-old of the country were also recorded (Table 1). Some of fshery initated by WASI, and later carried forward the species were found only in specifc areas in the by collaboraton between KFD, JLR, and WASI. Cauvery WS, Silonia childreni was once reported from Consequently, the area was awarded forest department throughout the study area but is now only restricted to protecton under the umbrella of the Cauvery WS. the Mekedatu gorge. Tor spp. are found in deep pools As a result, many direct threats to fshes such as
17472 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2021 | 13(1): 17470–17476 Freshwater fshes of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary Sreenivasan et al. J TT Table 1. Freshwater fshes recorded from the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka.
Order/Family Species IUCN status Order/Family Species IUCN status Rasbora dandia (Valenciennes, Status not 1844) assessed Beloniformes Salmostoma boopis (Day, Least Concern Oryzias carnatcus (Jerdon, 1874) Adrianichthyidae Least Concern 1849) Mugiliformes Hyporhamphus xanthopterus Belonidae Vulnerable Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton, (Valenciennes, 1847) Mugilidae Least Concern 1822) Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, Least Concern 1822) Osteoglossiformes Notopterus synura (Bloch & Status not Cypriniformes Notopteridae Schneider, 1801) assessed Barbodes carnatcus (Jerdon, Cyprinidae Least Concern 1849) Incertae sedis under Ovalenteria Gibelion catla (Hamilton, 1822) † Ambassidae Chanda nama Hamilton, 1822 Least Concern Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, Parambassis ranga (Hamilton, Least Concern 1822) † 1822) Ctenopharyngodon idella Anabantformes (Valenciennes, 1844) † Badis badis Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, Badidae (Hamilton, 1822) Least Concern 1758 † Channa gachua (Hamilton, Channidae Least Concern Dawkinsia arulius (Jerdon, 1822) Endangered 1849) CWE Channa marulius (Hamilton, Least Concern Dawkinsia rubrotnctus Status not 1822) (Jerdon, 1849) CWE assessed Channa pseudomarulius Status not WGE Garra mullya (Sykes, 1839) Least Concern (Günther, 1861) assessed Channa striata Garra stenorhynchus (Jerdon, (Bloch, 1793) Least Concern WGE Least Concern 1849) Cichliformes Hypselobarbus dubius (Day, Endangered Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1867) CWE Cichlidae Least Concern 1790) Hypselobarbus micropogon Endangered Oreochromis mossambicus (Valenciennes, 1842) CWE (Peters, 1852) † Kantaka brevidorsalis (Day, Least Concern Oreochromis nilotcus 1873) CWE (Linnaeus, 1758) † Labeo dyocheilus (McClelland, Least Concern 1839) Gobiiformes Labeo kontus (Jerdon, 1849) Gobiidae Awaous sp. CWE Least Concern Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, Labeo nigriscens (Day, 1870) Least Concern Least Concern 1822) WGE Siluriformes Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) † Hemibagrus punctatus (Jerdon, Critcally Bagridae CWE Osteochilichthys nashii (Day, 1849) Endangered Least Concern 1869) Mystus seengtee (Sykes, 1839) Least Concern Pethia conchonius (Hamilton, Least Concern Mystus vitatus (Bloch, 1794) Least Concern 1822) Puntus sophore (Hamilton, Sperata seenghala (Sykes, Least Concern WGE Least Concern 1822) 1839) Systomus sarana (Hamilton, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, Least Concern Clariidae 1822) 1822) † Tor remadevii Kurup & Critcally Loricariidae Pterygoplichthys sp. † Radhakrishnan, 2011 CWE Endangered Pangasiidae Pangasius sp. Tor sp. --- Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, Amblypharyngodon microlepis Siluridae Least Concern Danionidae Least Concern 1794) (Bleeker, 1853) Wallago atu (Bloch & Devario malabaricus (Jerdon, Vulnerable Least Concern Schneider, 1801) 1849) Schilbeidae Silonia childreni (Sykes, 1839) Endangered Esomus thermoicos Least Concern (Valenciennes, 1842) Synbranchiformes Opsarius bendelisis (Hamiilton, Mastacembelus malabaricus Status not Least Concern Mastacembelidae 1807) Jerdon, 1849 WGE assessed Opsarius gatensis Least Concern (Valenciennes, 1844) WGE † —Non-natve (transplanted or introduced) | WGE—endemic to Western Ghats | CWE—endemic to Cauvery River. Rasbora caverii (Jerdon, Least Concern 1849) WGE
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2021 | 13(1): 17470–17476 17473 J TT Freshwater fshes of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary Sreenivasan et al.
a b
c
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e
f
g
h
i
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m n Image 1. List of endemic and high conservaton value species found in the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary. a— Red-tpped Halfeak Hyporhamphus xanthopterus © Rahul Kumar | b—Humpback Mahseer Tor remadevii © WASI | c— Nilgiri Barb Hypselobarbus dubius © Naren Sreenivasan | d—Malabar Baril Opsarius gatensis © Shayan Subbaiah | e— Pink Carp Hypselobarbus micropogon © Naren Sreenivasan | f— False Giant Snakehead Channa pseuomarulius © Derek D’souza | g— Kantaka Barb Kantaka brevidorsalis © Naren Sreenivasan | h—Nilgiri Mystus Hemibagrus punctatus © Naren Sreenivasan | i—Fringe-lipped Carp Labeo dyocheilus © Naren Sreenivasan | j—Mulley Wallago atu © Sheik Imran | k— Pig-mouth Carp Labeo kontus © Salik khan | l— Silund Silonia childreni © Ajith Sreenivasan | m— Black Fringe-lipped Carp Labeo nigriscens © Naren Sreenivasan | n—Malabar Spiny Eel Mastacembelus malabaricus © Naren Sreenivasan.
17474 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2021 | 13(1): 17470–17476 Freshwater fshes of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary Sreenivasan et al. J TT indiscriminate and ofen destructve fshing practces REFERENCES (using dynamites) and sand mining have efectvely been Abd, I.M., C. Rubec & B.W. Coad (2009). Key Biodiversity Areas: rapid kept under control along most river stretches in the study assessment of fsh fauna in southern Iraq. BioRisk 3: 161–171. site. The possible presence of a large number of African htps://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.3.15 Catish (as indicated in the focus group discussions with Baby, F., J. Tharian, A. Ali & R. Raghavan (2010). A checklist of freshwater fshes of the New Amarambalam Reserve Forest (NARF), anglers) in the Shimsha tributary, however, is a cause for Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2(12): 1330–1333. htps:// concern. It is currently not known how and when this doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2497.1330-3 Chacko, P.I., G.K. Kuriyan & S. Thyagarajan (1954). A survey of the predatory fsh entered the waters of the protected area. fsheries the Cauvery river. Contributons of the Freshwater Fisheries Life history traits including an opportunistc feeding Biological Staton, Madras, 12: 1–19. strategy and ability to establish large and persistent Chandra, N.S.S. (2014). 19 new bird species found in Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary. Deccan Herald. Retrieved from Electronic populatons (Roshni et al. 2020) make the African Catish version accessed June 24, 2015 htp://www.deccanherald.com/ an imminent threat to the natve fshes of the Cauvery content/380577/03919-bird-species-found-cauvery.html WS especially natve catishes with which they directly Chidambaram, S., A.L. Ramanathan, R. Thilagavathi & N. Ganesh (2018). Cauvery River, pp. 353–366. In: Singh, D.S. (eds). The Indian compete. The Silund Silonia childreni a threatened Rivers. Springer Hydrogeology, Singapore, xxi+551pp. species of peninsular Indian catish that was reported Day, F. (1867a). On the fshes of the Neilgherry Hills and rivers around from within the study site during the 1970–80s (also their bases. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (part 2): 281–302. see Shenoy et al. 2003) is now known to occur only in Day, F. (1867b) On some fshes from the Wynaad. Proceedings of the a limited stretch of the river in the Mekedatu Gorge, Zoological Society of London 1867 (part 2): 347–350. and close to the Karnataka-Tamil Nadu border (WASI Fricke, R., W.N. Eschmeyer & R. van der Laan (eds.) (2020). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Retrieved from Electronic Anglers pers. comm.). Whether the three large-bodied Version Accessed 24 June 2020 htp://researcharchive.calacademy. catish species, viz, Wallago atu, Pangassius sp. and S. org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fshcatmain.asp childreni which were known to occur in the study area Froese, R. & D. Pauly (eds) (2019). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publicaton. www.fshbase.org, version (12/2019). untl two decades ago has been potentally extrpated Gubbi, S., V. Reddy, H. Nagashethalli, R. Bhat & M.D. Madhusudan requires focused investgaton. During the course of (2014). Photographic records of the Ratel Mellivora capensis from the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Small Carnivore this study, only one specimen each of these three Conservaton 50: 42–44. species was recorded, although local fshers report Hora, S.L. (1942) A list of fshes of the Mysore state and of the isolated populatons in deep gorges in south-east of the neighbouring hill ranges of the Nilgiris, Wynaad and Coorg. Records of the Indian Museum 44: 193–200. Sanctuary. IUCN (2020). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.1. The biggest threat to freshwater fshes in the area
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PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. OPEN ACCESS All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
January 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 1 | Pages: 17455–17610 Date of Publicaton: 26 January 2021 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2021.13.1.17455-17610
Communicatons Assessment of threat status of the holly fern Cyrtomium micropterum (Kunze) Ching (Polypodiopsida: Dryopteridaceae) in India using IUCN Regional guidelines Diversity and distributon of snakes in Trashigang Territorial Forest Division, eastern – C. Bagathsingh & A. Benniamin, Pp. 17554–17560 Bhutan – Bal Krishna Koirala, Karma Jamtsho, Phuntsho Wangdi, Dawa Tshering, Rinchen Wangdi, Lam Norbu, Sonam Phuntsho, Sonam Lhendup & Tshering Nidup, Notes Pp. 17455–17469 First report of the Asiatc Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus macrourus Freshwater fshes of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats of Karnataka, India (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Rodenta: Hystricidae) from West Bengal, India – Naren Sreenivasan, Neethi Mahesh & Rajeev Raghavan, Pp. 17470–17476 – Suraj Kumar Dash, Abhisek Chetri, Dipanjan Naha & Sambandam Sathyakumar, Pp. 17561–17563 Fish communites and associated habitat variables in the upper Subansiri River of Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya, India Record of the world’s biggest pangolin? New observatons of bodyweight and total – Sutanu Satpathy, Kuppusamy Sivakumar & Jeyaraj Antony Johnson, Pp. 17477–17486 body length of the Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata Gray, 1827 (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) from Mannar District, Sri Lanka Diversity and distributon of odonates in Rani Reserve Forest, Assam, India – Priyan Perera, Hirusha Randimal Algewata & Buddhika Vidanage, Pp. 17564–17568 – Dipt Thakuria & Jatn Kalita, Pp. 17487–17503 First record of Touit melanonotus (Wied, 1820) (Aves: Psitaciformes: Psitacidae) in An assessment of the populaton status of the threatened medicinal plant Cantareira State Park, Brazil: new colonizaton or simply unnotced? Illicium grifthii Hook.f. & Thomson in West Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh, – Marcos Antônio Melo & David de Almeida Braga, Pp. 17569–17573 India – Tashi Dorjee Bapu & Gibji Nimasow, Pp. 17504–17512 Is Bombus pomorum (Panzer, 1805) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) a new bumblebee for Siberia or an indigenous species? – Alexandr Byvaltsev, Svyatoslav Knyazev & Anatoly Afnogenov, Pp. 17574–17579 Short Communicatons Some new records of scarab beetles of the genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 The discovery of a melanistc Leopard Panthera pardus delacouri (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, with a (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) at Bukit Kudung in Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular checklist Malaysia: conservaton and ecotourism – Aparna Sureshchandra Kalawate, Banani Mukhopadhyay, Sonal Vithal Pawar & – Kamarul Hambali, Nor Fakhira Muhamad Fazli, Aainaa Amir, Norashikin Fauzi, Vighnesh Durgaram Shinde, Pp. 17580–17586 Nor Hizami Hassin, Muhamad Azahar Abas, Muhammad Firdaus Abdul Karim & Ai Yin Sow, Pp. 17513–17516 Ecological importance of two large heritage trees in Moyar River valley, southern India On the epidemiology of helminth parasites in Hangul Deer Cervus hanglu hanglu – Vedagiri Thirumurugan, Nehru Prabakaran, Vishnu Sreedharan Nair & (Mammalia: Artodactyla: Cervidae) of Dachigam Natonal Park, India Chinnasamy Ramesh, Pp. 17587–17591 – Naziya Khurshid, Hidayatulla Tak, Ruqeya Nazir, Kulsum Ahmad Bhat & Muniza Manzoor, Pp. 17517–17520 Bulbophyllum spathulatum (Orchidaceae), a new record for Bhutan – Pema Zangpo, Phub Gyeltshen & Pankaj Kumar, Pp. 17592–17596 Histopathological fndings of infectons caused by canine distemper virus, Trypanosoma cruzi, and other parasites in two free-ranging White-nosed Coats On the occurrence and distributon of the narrowly endemic Andaman Lantern Nasua narica (Carnivora: Procyonidae) from Costa Rica Flower Ceropegia andamanica (Apocynaceae: Ceropegieae) – Jorge Rojas-Jiménez, Juan A. Morales-Acuña, Milena Argüello-Sáenz, – M. Uma Maheshwari & K. Karthigeyan, Pp. 17597–17600 Silvia E. Acevedo-González, Michael J. Yabsley & Andrea Urbina-Villalobos, Pp. 17521– 17528 The oat-like grass Trisetopsis aspera (Munro ex Thwaites) Röser & A.Wölk (Poaceae): a new record for the fora of central Western Ghats of Karnataka, India On a new species of Macrobrachium Spence Bate (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from – H.U. Abhijit, Y.L. Krishnamurthy & K. Gopalakrishna Bhat, Pp. 17601–17603 Ayeyarwady River, Myanmnar – H.H.S. Myo, K.V. Jayachandran & K.L. Khin, Pp. 17529–17536 Star Grass Lily Iphigenia stellata Blater (Colchicaceae) – a new additon to the fora of Gujarat, India Review of the tger beetle genus Calomera Motschulsky, 1862 (Coleoptera: – Mitesh B. Patel, Pp. 17604–17606 Cicindelidae) of the Philippines – Milton Norman Medina, Alexander Anichtchenko & Jürgen Wiesner, Pp. 17537– A new record of pyrenocarpous lichen to the Indian biota 17542 – N. Rajaprabu, P. Ponmurugan & Gaurav K. Mishra, Pp. 17607–17610
Rediscovery of Martn’s Duskhawker Anaciaeschna martni (Selys, 1897) (Odonata: Aeshnidae) from Western Ghats, peninsular India, with notes on its current distributon and ovipositon behavior – Kalesh Sadasivan, Manoj Sethumadavan, S. Jeevith & Baiju Kochunarayanan, Pp. 17543–17547 A note on the current distributon of reedtail damselfy Protostcta rufostgma Publisher & Host Kimmins, 1958 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystctdae) from Western Ghats, and its additon to the odonate checklist of Kerala – Kalesh Sadasivan & Muhamed Jafer Palot, Pp. 17548–17553
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