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Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Kali River, Karnataka Region of Western Ghats, Peninsular India

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Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Kali River, Karnataka Region of Western Ghats, Peninsular India Iran. J. Ichthyol. (December 2016), 3(4): 266–274 Received: August 14, 2016 © 2016 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: November 28, 2016 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.7508/iji.2016. http://www.ijichthyol.org Description of a new species of large barb of the genus Hypselobarbus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Kali River, Karnataka region of Western Ghats, peninsular India Muthukumarasamy ARUNACHALAM*1, Sivadoss CHINNARAJA2, Paramasivan SIVAKUMAR2, Richard L. MAYDEN3 1Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences, Alwarkurichi–627 412, Tamil Nadu, India. 2Research Department of Zoology, Poompuhar College (Autonomous), Melaiyur-609 107, Sirkali, Nagapattinam dist., Tamil Nadu, India. 3Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, USA. * Email: [email protected] Abstract: A new cyprinid fish, Hypselobarbus kushavali, is described from Kali River, Karnataka, India. Hypselobarbus kushavali is diagnosed from its closest congener, H. dobsoni, by having more upper transverse scale rows, more circumferential scale rows and more lateral line to pelvic scale rows, and from H. bicolor and H. jerdoni by having fewer lateral-line and fewer circumpeduncular scale rows. Diagnostic features for H. kushavali are also provided relative to other species of the genus. Keywords: Cyprinidae, Hypselobarbus kushavali, Distribution, Taxonomy. Zoobank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:680F325A-0131-47D5-AFD0-E83F7C3D74C3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C06CDB6B-0969-4D7B-9478-A9E1395596CB Citation: Arunachalam, M.; Chinnaraja, S.; Sivakumar P. & Mayden, R.L. 2016. Description of a new species of large barb of the genus Hypselobarbus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Kali River, Karnataka region of Western Ghats, peninsular India. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 3(4): 266-274. Introduction description of a “mussullah like” species, H. nasutus Species diversity of Hypselobarbus Bleeker, 1860, an Arunachalam, Chinnaraja & Mayden (2016c.), the endemic genus in the waterways of peninsular India, senior author searched for additional specimens from has increased since the presentation of phylogenetic the Kali River. These efforts resulted in the capture relationships of species by Arunachalam et al. of an undetermined species that is herein described as (2012). There are currently 21 recognized species in a new species. this genus (see ArunachalamArchive et al. 2014, 2016a,b,c,d; of SID Knight et al. 2013a, b, c, 2016) including the related Material and Methods species, H. bicolor Knight, Rai, D’souza, Philip & Fish collections were made between1996 and 2005 at Dahanukar 2016, H. dobsoni (Day, 1876), H. jerdoni river sites by earlier workers led by M. Arunachalam. (Day, 1870) and H. pulchellus (Day, 1870). In an Measurements were made point to point using digital earlier study by Arunachalam et al. (2012), Puntius calipers. Methods used for the meristic and carnaticus Jerdon was tentatively placed in the genus morphometric characters are based Hubbs & Lagler Hypselobarbus but the generic identity is yet to be (1964). Morphometric characters from landmarks 9, resolved. Species of Hypselobarbus are medium- 18-26, 29-31 and 34-35 (Table 1) were the additional sized food fish that form a major catch in most of the truss measurements (Strauss & Bookstein 1982). reservoirs in south India. Based on the new species Preanal scales (Jayaram 1991) are the scales from the 266 www.SID.ir Arunachalam et al.- New species of Hypselobarbus from Karnataka, peninsular India anus to the isthmus. The meristic character of lateral (40.19-42.38 vs. 33.18-37.64 %SL) and wider inter- transverse scale (Ltr.) rows described by Day (1889) orbital width (46.65-49.10 vs. 38.52-41.80 %HL). It is “number of longitudinal rows of scales between the can be distinguished from H. jerdoni in having more back and abdomen, usually counted, unless some lateral-line scales (31-32 vs. 27-29), more circum- other part of the side is specified, from the anterior ferential scale rows (26 vs. 23-24) and the end of the dorsal fin to the ventral”. This character is morphometric characters of shorter caudal fin length used to diagnose the three closely related species of (22.01-26.12 vs. 34.96-37.80 %SL) and greater Hypselobarbus. Body measurements are expressed as interorbital width (46.65-49.10 vs. 35.73-40.01 percentage of Standard Length (%SL); head %HL). Hypselobarbus kushavali is distinguished measurements are expressed as percentage of Head from H. bicolor in having fewer lateral-line scales Length (%HL). Total length (TL) was also used for (31-32 vs. 35-37), fewer circumpeduncular scale comparison. The following abbreviations were used rows (13 vs. 16) and the morphometric character of a for museums: ZSI/SRC- (Zoological Survey of India, greater distance between dorsal-fin origin and pelvic- Southern Regional Centre, Chennai), MSUMNH fin insertion (37.69-41.10 vs. 26.37-30.37 %SL). (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Museum of Description: General appearance of body is shown in Natural History) and CMA (collections of Figures1-2, and morphometric data are given in M. Arunachalam). Tables1-2. Body deep and compressed 40.19-42.38 %SL, dorsal profile more convex than ventral profile. Results Dorsal fin slightly anterior to vertical from pelvic-fin Hypselobarbus kushavali sp. n. insertion by 1-1.5 scales rows; fin base is 13.58-15.05 (Figs. 1-4) %SL. Pre-dorsal length 48.77-52.66 %SL, pre-pelvic Holotype: MSUMNH246, 273.95 mm SL; India: length 48.77-53.76 %SL and pre-anal length 78.30- Kali River at Dandeli, Karnataka, 15º16'0.01''N 74º 79.25 %SL. Pelvic-fin insertion to anal-fin origin 37'0.01''E; M. Arunachalam and team, 9 January 23.98-27.89 %SL and pectoral-fin insertion to anal- 2001. fin origin 52.16-59.25 %SL. Nape convex posterior Paratypes: CMA341, 3, 287.56-309.92 mm SL; same to concavity at occiput margin; anterior third of pre- data as holotype. dorsal strongly convex. Venter more or less curved Diagnosis: Hypselobarbus kushavali can be and caudal peduncle deep, its length 11.15-14.15 distinguished from all other species of %SL. Hypselobarbus except H. pulchellus based on the Head and cranium short, 20.48-22.35 %SL and lateral-line scale count of 31-32; it can be 14.87-17.12 %SL, respectively. Head depth at naris distinguished from H. pulchellus by the absence of a 35.16-40.85 %HL, at pupil 60.13-68.27 %HL and at lateral band (vs. presence). HypselobarbusArchive kushavali occiput of 83.76 -91.67SID %HL. Head compressed, head differs from H. dobsoni and H. jerdoni in the absence width at preopercle narrow, 67.68-72.30 %HL, and fin coloration while in H. jerdoni and H. dobsoni, the interorbital width narrow, 46.65-49.10 %HL. Eyes tips of the dorsal and caudal fins are black. moderately large, 21.52-24.76 %HL. Snout short, Hypselobarbus kushavali differs from H. dobsoni in 34.32-38.22 %HL, mouth subterminal. Upper jaw having more upper transverse scale rows (6.5 vs. length 30.37-37.87 %HL, gape width 29.20-34.79 5.5), more lateral line to pelvic scale rows (4.5 vs. %HL. Lower lip with a well-developed groove 3.5), more circumferential scale rows (26 vs. 24), and separating lip and mandibular sheath continuous the morphometric characters of greater distance nearly to angles of mouth. Lower jaw with keratinous between dorsal-fin origin to anal-fin origin (33.68- covering, not sharp. Upper lip distinct from jaw. 36.24 vs. 30.53-31.40 %SL), greater body depth Barbels long; maxillary pair 17.03-26.96 %HL and 267 www.SID.ir Iran. J. Ichthyol. (December 2016), 3(4): 266-274 Fig.1. Hypselobarbus kushavali, MSUMNH246, Holotype, 273.95mm SL: India, Kali River at Dandeli, Karnataka, M. Arunachalam and team, 9 January 2001. Fig.1. Hypselobarbus kushavali, CMA341, Paratype, 297.95mm SL: India, Kali River at Dandeli, Karnataka, M. Arunachalam and team, 9 January 2001. rostral pair 13.77-19.29 %HL. No tubercles on snout lower lobe slightly longer relative to upper rays, but and cheek. 3.5 times median rays; marginal rays of both lobes Dorsal fin with 4simple and 9(4 specimens) evenly produced. branched rays, anal-fin with 3 simple and 5(4) Lateral-line scales 31(1specimen)-32(3), pre- branched rays, pelvic-fin with 2 simple and 8(1) or dorsal scales 11(1) or 12(3),upper transverse scale 9(3) branched rays, pectoralArchive-fin with 1simple and rows of 6.5(4), lateralSID line to pelvic scalerows 4.5(4), 14(4) branched rays. Distal margin of the last lower transverse scale rows 5.5(4), circumferential branched ray of dorsal fin equal to spinous ray and scale rows 26(4), circumpeduncular scale rows 13(4), the first branched ray; dorsal fin length 21.82-25.06 transverse breast scale rows 10(2) or 11(2), pre-anal %SL. Unbranched dorsal spinous ray weak and scales 29(2) or 30(2) and lateral transverse scale rows dorsal spinous height 22.31-24.58 %SL, anal fin 8/5 (1) or 6(3). length 18.36-19.96 %SL, pectoral fin moderate in Coloration: In live condition body silvery white and length, extending 4-4.5 scale rows anterior to pelvic with slightly darker fins. Scale rows of lateral line fin origin, pectoral fin length 17.81-18.38 %SL and and the rows above and below are tinged with golden pelvic fin length 17.43-19.11 %SL. Caudal fin deeply color. Scales from two rows above lateral line to forked, length 22.01-26.12 %SL; marginated rays of dorsum with broad and darkly colored distal margins; 268 www.SID.ir Arunachalam et al.- New species of Hypselobarbus from Karnataka, peninsular India Table 1.
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