DOCSLIB.ORG

Transformation of the Colombian Radio Industry

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Transformation of the Colombian Radio Industry Article From the Antenna to the Display Devices: Transformation of the Colombian Radio Industry Andrés Barrios-Rubio Faculty of Communication and Arts, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] Abstract: Consolidation of the digital environment has become an irreversible global reality and, for the Colombian radio industry, it implies not only assuming a process of transformation in its actions, but, above all, continuous learning. Technological innovation imposes new forms of consumption whose logic corresponds to new systems for the production, distribution and commercialization of information, culture, science and entertainment. Object of study. Adaptation of the radio medium to the digital ecosystem of audiences invites us to focus the attention of researchers on the media’s use of web-radio, app–radio and social media; the relevance of sound semiotics compared to other components of the message on users’ screens; and the alterations suffered by the business model and productive routines of the radio. Methodology. This research took as its focus of study three Colombian radio stations and their informative stations—Caracol Radio, W Radio, Blu Radio, RCN Radio and La FM—through a mixed methodology. Quantitative instruments—numerical data to monitor activities on social platforms—and qualitative instruments—interpretation of messages and visual composition of the message—allow for the monitoring and analyzing of the performance of the radio medium in the digital environment, and the tactical approach of radio agents to delineate the strategies that promote the expansion, positioning and participation of radio in the Colombian Citation: Barrios-Rubio, Andrés. media ecosystem. Results. Normalization of connectivity, ubiquity, timelessness and interactivity 2021. From the Antenna to the Display Devices: Transformation of are, today, inherent values of the content broadcast by the radio industry, which needs to appropriate the Colombian Radio Industry. the tastes and interests of the audience through multi-device, multi-tasking and multi-user devices. Journalism and Media 2: 208–224. Conclusion. Consumption actions of listeners: users are concentrated on the Smartphone screens, https://doi.org/10.3390/ which provides a habit of listening and monitoring that forces the media to incorporate the format— journalmedia2020012 and language—of video into their productive dynamics in order to attract and retain the attention of their audiences. Academic Editor: Andreu Casero-Ripollés Keywords: radio industry; business model; productive routines; digital ecosystem; digital applica- tions Received: 30 March 2021 Accepted: 1 May 2021 Published: 11 May 2021 1. Introduction Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral The history of the media in Colombia, as it happens in other countries, has its origins with regard to jurisdictional claims in in the 18th century, with the press. The media broadened its spectrum with radio at the published maps and institutional affil- beginning of the 19th century, was projected with television in the middle of the century iations. and globalized with the Internet in the twentieth century. Radio broadcasting arrived in Colombia with the HJN station on 7 August 1929; through the State, a public radio came into convergence with commercial alternatives that emerged from 8 December 1929, with the emergence of the station La Voz de Barranquilla (Barrios-Rubio 2011). Since its arrival, Copyright: © 2021 by the author. radio has evolved to become, due to its audience, social impact and industrial consolidation, Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. one of the most important mass media communication in the country. It went from being This article is an open access article seen as a scientific curiosity to positioning itself as a modern means of mass communication distributed under the terms and that, around music, news, sports, humor, events and contests, captures the attention of the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// Colombian public (Barrios-Rubio 2020). creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ Currently, radio adapts its actions to the demands of society and appropriates the 4.0/). advantages that technology brings to its broadcasting systems (Barrios-Rubio 2011). The Journal. Media 2021, 2, 208–224. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia2020012 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/journalmedia Journal. Media 2021, 2, FOR PEER REVIEW 2 Journal. Media 2021, 2 Currently, radio adapts its actions to the demands of society and appropriates the209 advantages that technology brings to its broadcasting systems (Barrios-Rubio 2011). The positioning of screens of technological devices in the consumption processes expands the businesspositioning model of screensand the ofproductive technological routines devices of the in theradio consumption medium to processes satisfy the expands needs of the thebusiness modern model audience: andthe presence productive on the routines Smartp ofhone, the radio broadcasts medium on to the satisfy air and the needsstreaming of the inmodern web-media audience: and app-radio presence onruptures the Smartphone, the synchronous broadcasts communication on the air and model streaming with in the web- podcast,media andthe app-radiocoincidence ruptures of the thesound synchronous semiotics communicationwith the audiovisual—written model with the podcast,in the structurethe coincidence of the discourse—visualization of the sound semiotics withof the the medium audiovisual—written in the social settings in the of structure the net- of workthe discourse—visualizationand the timelessness of consumption, of the medium among in the other social factors. settings The of business the network model and has the adjustedtimelessness to listeners of consumption, who, with a among traditional other transistor, factors. The become business users model and tune has in adjusted in vari- to ouslisteners ways (web, who, withSmartphone a traditional and other transistor, modern become devices) users (Barrios-Rubio and tune in in 2020). various ways (web, SmartphoneThe current and media other map modern reveals devices) the characte (Barrios-Rubiorization 2020of a ).new audience—people im- mersedThe in visual current and media multimedia map reveals culture the who characterization centralize all oftheir a new consumer audience—people actions in the im- Smartphone.mersed in visual This is and a scenario multimedia in which culture ther whoe is centralize a hybridization all their of consumer local forms actions with inthe the internationalSmartphone. agenda; This is sharing a scenario a world in which that thereis recognized is a hybridization and rethought of local from forms the media- with the tioninternational of the subject agenda; with sharingthe environment. a world that ICTs is recognized have not only and shaped rethought the from culture the in mediation which theyof thelive, subject but also with rethink the environment.the subject’s relati ICTsonship have with not onlythe media shaped they the use; culture the audience in which establishesthey live, butnew also interaction rethink thestrategies subject’s with relationship the media with industry, the media which they influences use; the audience what theyestablishes think and new how interaction societies strategiesbehave. with the media industry, which influences what they thinkThe and radio how industry societies in behave. the Colombian media ecosystem reflects a habit of auditory consumption,The radio consolidated industry in online the Colombian (29%) and media offline ecosystem (89%) (Kantar reflects IBOPE a habit Media of auditory 2019). Thisconsumption, is a phenomenon consolidated that denotes online majority (29%) and access offline from (89%) mobile (Kantar phones Ibope (Figure Media 1);2019 a ).situ- This ationis a that phenomenon makes the that Smartphone denotes majority a key piece access for from the future mobile of phones the hearing (Figure industry1); a situation (Bar- rios-Rubiothat makes and the Gutiérrez-García Smartphone a key 2016). piece The for theconventional future of the and hearing virtual industry dynamics (Barrios-Rubio of a sector interveneand Guti inérrez-Garc the personalizationía 2016). The of conventional an audiences’ and sound virtual card dynamics (Bull 2010) of a sector of the intervene national in economy,the personalization which does of not an audiences’ignore the soundgreat cardmass ( Bullof listeners 2010) of but the nationaldoes focus economy, on specific which nichesdoes of not users. ignore the great mass of listeners but does focus on specific niches of users. 10–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 years years years years years 52% 49% 43% 31% 24% FigureFigure 1. 1.SearchSearch by by voice voice or orvoice voice commands commands in ina mont a month.h. Source: Source: own own elaboration elaboration with with Hootsuite Hootsuite 20202020 data. data. TheThe internalization internalization of of the the environment environment in online,online, digitaldigital scenes scenes in in which which the the sound sound me- mediadia industry industry reinvents reinvents and and diversifies diversifies its its business business model model ( Barrios-Rubio(Barrios-Rubio 2020 2020),), productive produc- tiveroutines routines (Said (Said et al.et al.2013 2013),), content content distribution distribution systems systems (Marta-Lazo (Marta-Lazo and et Ortiz al. 2016) 2016 and) and narrativesnarratives (Martínez-Costa (Martínez-Costa 2015) 2015 in) inthe the digita digitall sonosphere
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Analysis of the Attractiveness of the Commercial Radio Industry in Kenya
    ANALYSIS OF THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE COMMERCIAL RADIO INDUSTRY IN KENYA PATRICK N O OGANGAH U-, A Management Research Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master in Business Administration Degree, University of Nairobi November 2009 DECLARATION This research project is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. 061/7376/06 This research project h^s been submitted for examination with my approval as the University supervisor Signature \ \ \ *\ DR. ZACKB AWINO LECTURER DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SCHOOL OF BUSINESS UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI ii DEDICATION This research project is dedicated to my wonderful parents, Peter and Grace Ogangah without whose support and belief in me, I wouldn't have achieved my MBA. AKNOWLEDGEMENT My sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Awino, who guided me through this project from topic formulation to the end and making It a success. Not forgetting my fellow MBA students at the University of Nairobi, other lecturers and faculty staff. Forever thankful to Morin Chacha and my colleagues at work who provided valuable and timely advice whenever consulted hence made this project successful. Last but not least, thanks to the Almighty God, who has made it all possible. Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background of the Study............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Lost in the Definition Environmental Displacement in Salgar, Colombia Laura Gamez
    Lost in the definition Environmental displacement in Salgar, Colombia Laura Gamez Lost in the Definition: Environmental Displacement in Salgar, Colombia n the early hours of the morning in the municipality of Salgar, Colombia, Ion 18 May 2015, heavy rainfall and flooding resulted in a landslide that marked one of the country’s deadliest single-environmental disasters since 1999. In the immediate aftermath it was reported that the landslide in Salgar had left more than 93 people dead and 300 to 7821 people displaced (“Falsa alarma sobre nueva avalancha causó pánico en Salgar, Antioquia,” 2015). The event was not only a shock in terms of the loss of life, but reignited fierce debate about appropriate humanitarian response, legal challenges of land rights, and more importantly how to suitably address displacement caused by environmental disasters. Colombia, after all, is a country that often faces environmental challenges in part because of its topography and climate, as well as high disaster risks due to settlements in environmentally vulnerable zones. Furthermore, as of 2014, Colombia has one of the highest levels of forced migration and internal displacement in the world (second only to Syria) due to political violence and strife (COHA, 2015). Howe- ver in Colombia, policies and responses to environmental migration have varied over the years. In light of the country’s civil strife, a policy narra- tive has emerged whereby environmental induced-displacement is seen as a temporary and often short-term effect that is not necessarily addressed in the same way as conflict-induced displacement. Noting the events that took place, the humanitarian response, the policy narrative, and the legal challenges regarding return, the case of Salgar provides interesting insight into how a government with experience in forced migration addresses a different type of migration—environmentally induced displacement.
    [Show full text]
  • Transformaciones De La Radio En Colombia. Decretos Y Leyes Sobre
    TRANSFORMACIONES DE LA RADIO EN COLOMBIA Decretos y leyes sobre la programación y su influencia en la construcción de una cultura de masas 1 Transformaciones de la radio en Colombia Director: José Ricardo Barrero Tapias María del Pilar Chaves Castro Monografía presentada como requisito parcial para optar por el título de Socióloga Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Facultad de Ciencias Sociales Bogotá, 2014 2 TRANSFORMACIONES DE LA RADIO EN COLOMBIA Decretos y leyes sobre la programación y su influencia en la construcción de una cultura de masas María del Pilar Chaves Castro Director: José Ricardo Barrero Tapias Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Facultad de Ciencias Sociales Departamento de sociología Bogotá, 2014 3 4 Contenido Introducción 8 1. EL PANORAMA RADIAL EN COLOMBIA ANTES DE 1948 13 1.1 Primeros años de la radio en el país 13 1.2 Colombia en relación con otros países de América Latina 15 1.3 Debates en torno a la programación 16 1.4 Primera legislación sobre la radio en Colombia 21 1.5 La Radiodifusora Nacional 23 2. 1948: LA RADIO COMO INCITADORA 27 2.1. Lo sucedido el 9 de abril de 1948 desde los micrófonos. 27 2.2. Cierres de emisoras 31 2.3. El decreto 1787 del 31 de mayo de 1948 32 2.4. Decreto 3384 del 29 de septiembre 1948 38 3. PANORAMA RADIAL EN COLOMBIA DESPUÉS DE 1948 41 3.1 Las cadenas radiales 41 3.1.1 Cadena Radial Colombiana (CARACOL) 42 3.1.2. Radio Cadena Nacional (RCN) 43 3.1.3 Cadena TODELAR 44 3.2. Radios culturales y educativas 44 3.2.1 La H.J.C.K., el mundo en Bogotá 45 3.2.2 Radio Sutatenza: la radio educadora 46 5 3.3 La censura en los gobiernos de Laureano Gómez y Rojas Pinilla 48 3.4 El decreto el 3418 de 1954 49 Conclusiones 51 Anexos 56 Referencias 67 Bibliografía 70 6 7 Introducción Los medios de comunicación en Colombia ocupan un espacio central en la cotidianidad de las personas.
    [Show full text]
  • John Amezquita Col 306Radio Andres Reyes Col 306Radio
    NOMBRE PAÍS NOMBRE DEL MEDIO JOHN AMEZQUITA COL 306RADIO ANDRES REYES COL 306RADIO CLAUDIA HELENA HERNANDEZ COL ACORD MARIA ELENA CHAVARRO COL ACORD ALFREDO GUTIERREZ COL ACORD BOGOTA NICOLAS YEPEZ COL ACORD BOGOTA JOSÉ MIGUEL GÓMEZ COL AGENCIA DE NOTICIAS REUTERS LUIS JAIME ACOSTA COL AGENCIA DE NOTICIAS REUTERS JOHN VIZCAINO COL AGENCIA DE NOTICIAS REUTERS HERBERT VILLARRAGA COL AGENCIA DE NOTICIAS REUTERS CESAR MARIÑO COL AGENCIA DE NOTICIAS XINHUA JHON HEAVER PAZ BOHORQUEZ COL AGENCIA DE NOTICIAS XINHUA ADRIANA MILENA OLARTE A. COL AGENCIA DE REPORTEROS SIN FRONTERAS JOSÉ LUIS MAYORGA G. COL AGENCIA DE REPORTEROS SIN FRONTERAS JUAN PABLO ALEMAN COL AGENCIA EFE MAURICIO DUEÑAS COL AGENCIA EFE LEONARDO MUÑOZ COL AGENCIA EFE DIEGO VEGA COL AGENCIA EFE GUILLERMO MUÑOZ COL AGENCIA FRANCESA DE PRENSA GULLERMO LEGARIA COL AGENCIA FRANCESA DE PRENSA CARLOS AGUSTO RODRIGUEZ COL AGENCIA FRANCESA DE PRENSA LUIS CRISTOBAL ACOSTA COL AGENCIA FRANCESA DE PRENSA LUIS FERNANDO VERGARA URREGO COL AGENCIA INTERNACIONAL ASSOCIATED PRESS DANIEL GUILLERMO MUNOZ MORENO COL AGENCIA INTERNACIONAL ASSOCIATED PRESS JERÓNIMO GRANERO ARG AGENCIA NACIONAL DE NOTICIAS TÉLAM RAMIRO GOMEZ ARG AGENCIA NACIONAL DE NOTICIAS TÉLAM GABRIEL BARRERA COL ALCALDIA MAYOR DE BOGOTA ANTONIO CALIÓ ARG AM 1450 RADIO EL SOL BRIAN PÉCORA ARG AM 1450 RADIO EL SOL FRANCO CALIÓ ARG AM 1450 RADIO EL SOL JUAN LUIS DI NOME ARG AMIGOS DE HURACAN MARCELO POVEDA ARG AMIGOS DE HURACAN NARCISO CARDENAS LEON COL ANTENA 2 BOGOTÁ - RCN ERNESTO HELIODORO CARRILLO ROJAS COL ANTENA 2 BOGOTÁ - RCN
    [Show full text]
  • Alfonso Ospina Torres
    Alfonso Ospina Torres HOJA DE VIDA INFORMACIÓN PERSONAL NOMBRE: ALFONSO OSPINA TORRES LUGAR Y FECHA DE NACIMIENTO: Bogotá, 12 de noviembre de 1970 IDENTIFICACIÓN: Cédula 79543107 ESTADO CIVIL: Casado DIRECCIÓN: Carrera 55 No. 152-35 Apt. 4-501 TELÉFONO: 2888586 Celular 314 2957592 CORREO ELECTRÓNICO: [email protected] [email protected] PREGRADO: Comunicador social - Periodista POSTGRADO: Maestría en Estudios Políticos Alfonso Ospina Torres INFORMACIÓN ACADÉMICA ____________________________________________________________________________ TITULO OBTENIDO: Bachiller Académico INSTITUCIÓN: Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé AÑO DE GRADUACIÓN: 1986 TITULO OBTENIDO: Comunicador Social - Periodista INSTITUCIÓN: Universidad Externado de Colombia AÑO DE GRADUACIÓN: 1991 TÍTULO OBTENIDO: Magister en Estudios Políticos INSTITUCIÓN: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana AÑO DE GRADUACIÓN: 2013 Alfonso Ospina Torres OTROS ESTUDIOS ____________________________________________________________________________ Las redacciones del Futuro Fundación GABO Medellín 2019 Construcción de Aulas Virtuales Universidad Externado de Colombia Bogotá 2016 Diplomado sobre periodismo y derecho para la infancia y adolescencia Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá 2012 Edición periodística para impresos e internet Andiarios Bogotá 2011 Diplomado ‘Construyendo los periódicos del futuro’ El País-Andiarios Cali-Bogotá. 2006-2008 Técnicas de Periodismo Narrativo Danilo-Black Cali. 2007 Fuerza Pública y Medios de Comunicación en el conflicto Armado Embajada de los Estados
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Noticiero Para Unipanamericana Stereo Andrés Nicolás Fajardo
    1 Noticiero para Unipanamericana Stereo Andrés Nicolás Fajardo Corredor Brayan Mauricio Ramírez Ramírez Nicolás Monroy Sanz Lucía Paola Peinado Ruiz Proyecto de trabajo de grado presentado como requisito para optar al título de: Comunicador Social Fundación Universitaria Panamericana Facultad de Comunicación Comunicación Social Bogotá, Colombia 2018 2 Noticiero para Unipanamericana Stereo Andrés Nicolás Fajardo Corredor Brayan Mauricio Ramírez Ramírez Nicolás Monroy Sanz Lucía Paola Peinado Ruiz Proyecto de trabajo de grado presentado como requisito para optar al título de: Comunicador Social Tutor (a): Mag. Diana Patricia Santana Jiménez Línea de Investigación: Medios de comunicación: Diagnóstico y montaje de piezas. Fundación Universitaria Panamericana Facultad de Comunicación Comunicación Social Bogotá, Colombia 2018 3 Agradecimientos El presente trabajo de grado es el resultado de un esfuerzo conjunto, en donde directa o indirectamente hubo la participación de varias personas, pero nada se hubiese podido llevar a cabo sin Dios, así que en primer lugar le damos gracias por darnos las herramientas para efectuar este trabajo de grado, enseñarnos a valorar nuestra formación profesional, mantenernos insistentes con la culminación de nuestro pregrado y ponernos a nuestro lado tantas personas que han contribuido en nuestro crecimiento personal. En segundo lugar, varios fueron los maestros que leyeron, opinaron, corrigieron y guiaron el proceso de elaboración de este, a todos ellos les damos las gracias por su guía y dedicación, no solamente
    [Show full text]
  • History of Radio Broadcasting in Montana
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1963 History of radio broadcasting in Montana Ron P. Richards The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Richards, Ron P., "History of radio broadcasting in Montana" (1963). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5869. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5869 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE HISTORY OF RADIO BROADCASTING IN MONTANA ty RON P. RICHARDS B. A. in Journalism Montana State University, 1959 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Journalism MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY 1963 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dean, Graduate School Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number; EP36670 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Oiuartation PVUithing UMI EP36670 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Benbella Spring 2020 Titles
    Letter from the publisher HELLO THERE! DEAR READER, 1 We’ve all heard the same advice when it comes to dieting: no late-night food. It’s one of the few pieces of con- ventional wisdom that most diets have in common. But as it turns out, science doesn’t actually support that claim. In Always Eat After 7 PM, nutritionist and bestselling author Joel Marion comes bearing good news for nighttime indulgers: eating big in the evening when we’re naturally hungriest can actually help us lose weight and keep it off for good. He’s one of the most divisive figures in journalism today, hailed as “the Walter Cronkite of his era” by some and deemed “the country’s reigning mischief-maker” by others, credited with everything from Bill Clinton’s impeachment to the election of Donald Trump. But beyond the splashy headlines, little is known about Matt Drudge, the notoriously reclusive journalist behind The Drudge Report, nor has anyone really stopped to analyze the outlet’s far-reaching influence on society and mainstream journalism—until now. In The Drudge Revolution, investigative journalist Matthew Lysiak offers never-reported insights in this definitive portrait of one of the most powerful men in media. We know that worldwide, we are sick. And we’re largely sick with ailments once considered rare, including cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. What we’re just beginning to understand is that one common root cause links all of these issues: insulin resistance. Over half of all adults in the United States are insulin resistant, with other countries either worse or not far behind.
    [Show full text]
  • Channel Lineup
    CHANNEL LINEUP Contact us at 563-245-4000 or www.alpinecom.net for more information. LOCAL PLUS SD CHANNEL HD TVE SD CHANNEL HD TVE 78 FX 478 44 Golf Channel 444 SD CHANNEL HD TVE 79 USA 479 47 Outdoor Channel 447 2 KGAN - CBS 402 81 Syfy 481 64 SEC 465 3 Alpine TV 85 A&E 485 83 BBC America 483 4 KPXR 48 ION 404 86 truTV 486 5 KFXA FOX 405 84 Sundance Channel 484 89 Paramount Network 489 6 Guttenberg Community 110 CNBC World Channel 91 Comedy Central 491 120 Fusion 520 7 KWWL NBC 407 93 E! 493 124 Nick Jr. 102 Fox News Channel 502 9 KCRG ABC 409 126 Nick Too 103 Fox Business News 503 10 KRIN IPTV 410 127 Nick Toons 104 CNN 504 11 KWKB This TV 411 134 Disney Junior 534 13 KGAN 2.2 getTV 105 HLN 505 136 Disney XD 536 14 KGAN3 2.3 COMET 107 MSNBC 507 140 TEENick 15 KPXR 48.2 qubo 109 CNN International 16 KPXR 48.3 ION Life 111 CNBC 511 150 Nat Geo Wild 550 18 KWWL 7.2 The CW 418 116 C-SPAN 2 154 Destination America 554 19 KWWL 7.3 MeTV 123 Nickelodeon/Nick At Nite 523 157 American Heroes 557 20 KCRG 9.2 MyNet 129 Boomerang Channel 21 KCRG 9.3 Antenna TV 131 Cartoon Network 531 158 Crime & Investigation 558 22 KFXA 28.2 Charge! 133 Disney 533 161 Viceland 561 23 KFXA 28.3 TBD TV 138 Freeform 538 162 Military History 24 KRIN 32.2 Learns 143 Discovery Family Channel 543 163 FYI 563 25 KRIN 32.3 World 26 KRIN 32.4 Creates 144 Discovery Channel 544 175 Discovery Life Channel 575 27 KFXA 28.4 The Stadium 149 National Geographic 549 200 DIY 75 WGN 475 153 Animal Planet 553 203 Cooking Channel 99 Weather Channel 499 155 Science Channel 555 212 Hallmark
    [Show full text]
  • Colombia 6 August 2021 Post-Conflict Violence in Cauca KEY FIGURES
    Briefing note Colombia 6 August 2021 Post-conflict violence in Cauca KEY FIGURES OVERVIEW KEY FINDINGS In 2016, the Colombian Government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of The demobilisation of the FARC-EP did not end armed violence in Cauca. 5,527 Colombia (FARC-EP) signed a peace agreement. While the demobilisation Several armed groups continue to operate, and new groups have appeared. of the FARC-EP was seen as a first step towards pacifying many regions of In Cauca, as incentives for the continued existence of armed groups remain PEOPLE DISPLACED Colombia, armed groups continued and even escalated the violent attacks in in place – including illegal mining and areas for the cultivation, processing, BETWEEN JANUARY– several regions, including the Cauca department. and transport of coca and marijuana – these groups have entered into APRIL 2021 confrontation to take over these resources. In Cauca, some armed groups remained in the territory, while others were formed after the signing of the peace agreement; additional groups entered Civilians are affected by these confrontations through displacement, the region to occupy territories abandoned by the FARC-EP. Confrontations confinement to their homes, and even death by armed groups in order 497 among these groups have resulted in forced displacement, confinement of to preserve territorial control. Human rights defenders and farmer, Afro- PEOPLE FORCIBLY local populations to their homes, and limited access for humanitarian workers. descendant, and indigenous leaders are at particular risk of being killed or CONFINED BY ARMED These armed groups have also attacked civilians – especially human rights displaced because of their visibility within communities and their rejection of GROUPS BETWEEN defenders and indigenous and Afro-descendant leaders.
    [Show full text]
  • This Version Has the Raw Data in an Appendix)
    Accepted for publication in 2020 by the International Journal of Communication, ijoc.org (this version has the raw data in an appendix) Podcasting as Public Media: The Future of U.S. News, Public Affairs and Educational Podcasts PATRICIA AUFDERHEIDE American University, USA DAVID LIEBERMAN The New School, USA ATIKA ALKHALLOUF American University, USA JIJI MAJIRI UGBOMA The New School, USA This article identifies a U.S.-based podcasting ecology as public media, and then examines the threats to its future. It first identifies characteristics of a set of podcasts in the U.S. that allow them to be usefully described as public podcasting. Second, it looks at current business trends in podcasting as platformization proceeds. Third, it identifies threats to public podcasting’s current business practices. Finally, it analyzes responses within public podcasting to the potential threats. It concludes that currently, the public podcast ecology in the U.S. maintains some immunity from the most immediate threats, but that as well there are underappreciated threats to it both internally and externally. Keywords: podcasting, public media, platformization, business trends, public podcasting ecology As U.S. podcasting becomes an increasingly commercially-viable part of the media landscape, are its public-service functions at risk? This article explores that question, in the process postulating that the concept of public podcasting has utility in describing, not only a range of podcasting practices, but an ecology within the larger podcasting ecology—one that permits analysis of both business methods and social practices, one that deserves attention and even protection. This analysis contributes to the burgeoning literature on podcasting by enabling focused research in this area, permitting analysis of the sector in ways that permit thinking about the relationship of mission and business practice sector-wide.
    [Show full text]
  • Mass Media and the Transformation of American Politics Kristine A
    Marquette Law Review Volume 77 | Issue 2 Article 7 Mass Media and the Transformation of American Politics Kristine A. Oswald Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr Part of the Law Commons Repository Citation Kristine A. Oswald, Mass Media and the Transformation of American Politics, 77 Marq. L. Rev. 385 (2009). Available at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr/vol77/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marquette Law Review by an authorized administrator of Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MASS MEDIA AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF AMERICAN POLITICS I. INTRODUCTION The importance of the mass media1 in today's society cannot be over- estimated. Especially in the arena of policy-making, the media's influ- ence has helped shape the development of American government. To more fully understand the political decision-making process in this coun- try it is necessary to understand the media's role in the performance of political officials and institutions. The significance of the media's influ- ence was expressed by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: "The Press has become the greatest power within Western countries, more powerful than the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. One would then like to ask: '2 By what law has it been elected and to whom is it responsible?" The importance of the media's power and influence can only be fully appreciated through a complete understanding of who or what the media are.
    [Show full text]