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Vetenskapen Bakom Nobelprisen I Medicin Och Kemi Utgör Kärnan I Alligators Forskning Och Utveckling FRONTIER – ETT MAGASIN OM ALLIGATOR BIOSCIENCE OCH IMMUNONKOLOGI

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Vetenskapen Bakom Nobelprisen I Medicin Och Kemi Utgör Kärnan I Alligators Forskning Och Utveckling FRONTIER – ETT MAGASIN OM ALLIGATOR BIOSCIENCE OCH IMMUNONKOLOGI FRONTIER ETT MAGASIN OM ALLIGATOR BIOSCIENCE OCH IMMUNONKOLOGI #2, 2018 Vetenskapen bakom Nobelprisen i medicin och kemi utgör kärnan i Alligators forskning och utveckling FRONTIER – ETT MAGASIN OM ALLIGATOR BIOSCIENCE OCH IMMUNONKOLOGI Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin har tilldelats: Alligator bygger vidare på 1901 Emil von Behring 1902 Ronald Ross 1903 Niels Ryberg Finsen 1904 Ivan Pavlov upptäckterna bakom Nobelprisen 1905 Robert Koch 1906 Camillo Golgi 1907 Alphonse Laveran i medicin och kemi. 1908 Ilja Metjnikov Paul Ehrlich 1909 Theodor Kocher Måndagen den 1 oktober stod det klart att James P. Allison och Tasuku Honjo till- 1910 Albrecht Kossel 1911 Allvar Gullstrand delas 2018 års nobelpris i fysiologi eller medicin för upptäckter av immunförsva- 1912 Alexis Carrel 1913 Charles Richet rets bromsmekanismer– vilket enligt Nobelförsamlingen vid Karolinska Institutet 1914 Robert Bárány 1919 Jules Bordet ”har revolutionerat behandlingen och förändrat vår syn på hur cancersjukdomar 1920 August Krogh 1922 Archibald V. Hill kan behandlas.” Otto Meyerhof 1923 Frederick G. Banting John Macleod Jag delar Nobelförsamlingens bedömning. 1924 Willem Einthoven 1926 Johannes Fibiger James Allisons och Tasuku Honjos banbry- 1927 Julius Wagner- Jauregg tande forskning om hur immunsystemet 1928 Charles Nicolle kan användas i kampen mot cancer har i 1929 Christiaan Eijkman Sir Frederick Hopkins grunden förändrat hela området, både hur 1930 Karl Landsteiner 1931 Otto Warburg vi behandlar cancer och på möjligheterna 1932 Sir Charles Sherrington att överleva sjukdomen. Edgar Adrian 1933 Thomas H. Morgan 1934 George H. Whipple Alligators framsteg hade inte varit möj- George R. Minot William P. Murphy liga utan Allisons och Honjos forskning. 1935 Hans Spemann 1936 Sir Henry Dale Sedan den första immunterapiantikroppen, Otto Loewi ® 1937 Albert Szent-Györgyi CTLA-4-läkemedlet Yervoy , godkändes 1938 Corneille Heymans 2011, har cancerforskare världen över arbe- 1939 Gerhard Domagk 1943 Henrik Dam tat vidare i sökandet efter behandlingar som Edward A. Doisy 1944 Joseph Erlanger utnyttjar kroppens naturliga försvar mot Herbert S. Gasser 1945 Sir Alexander cancer. Fleming för att ta fram antikroppar med optimala Ernst Boris Chain Howard Walter Jag kan med stolthet konstatera att Alligator egenskaper, och vilket också är teknologin Florey 1946 Hermann Joseph spelar en viktig roll i denna globala strävan bakom vårt humana antikroppsbibliotek Muller ® 1947 Carl Cori efter nya, effektiva cancerläkemedel. Vår ALLIGATOR-GOLD . ATOR-1015 är byggd Gerty Cori bi specifika läkemedelskandidat ATOR- och optimerad med hjälp av både fagdisplay Bernardo Alberto Houssay 1015 leder vägen för nästa generationens och proteinoptimeringsteknologin FIND. 1948 Paul Müller 1949 Walter Hess CTLA-4-blockerande produkter, bispecifika Dessutom aktiverar den som nämnts ovan Egas Moniz 1950 Edward C. Kendall antikroppar med tumörlokaliserande egen- immunsystemet via CTLA-4. Tre Nobelpris- Philip S. Hench Tadeus Reichstein skaper. ATOR-1015, som är först i sitt slag, upptäckter i en och samma molekyl. Det är 1951 Max Theiler är direkt sprungen ur Allisons forskning och nog ett svårslaget rekord! 1952 Selman A. Waksman 1953 Hans Krebs kommer att inleda klinisk fas I före årets slut. Fritz Lipmann 1954 John F. Enders På Alligator kommer vi nu att göra allt för att Thomas H. Weller Frederick C. Robbins Men det är inte nog med det. Den 3 okto- fortsätta att verka i nobelprisens anda: 1955 Hugo Theorell ber tilldelades George Smith, Frances H. A Revolution for Life. 1956 André F. Cournand Dickinson W. Arnold, och Greg Winter Nobelpriset i kemi. Richards Werner Forssmann Arnold utvecklade en proteinevolutions- Per Norlén, VD 1957 Daniel Bovet 1958 George Wells Beadle teknologi som är besläktad med Alligators Edward Lawrie ® För att hedra tidigare pristagare i kategorierna Tatum FIND -teknologi (Fragment INduced Diver- Joshua Lederberg sity), och Smith och Winter utvecklade en fysiologi eller medicin och kemi listar vi i detta 1959 Severo Ochoa Arthur Kornberg så kallad fagdisplay-teknologi som används nummer av Frontier alla deras namn. Frontier #2, 2018 2 FRONTIER – ETT MAGASIN OM ALLIGATOR BIOSCIENCE OCH IMMUNONKOLOGI 1960 Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet Peter Medawar Tasuku Honjo, James P. Allison 1961 Georg von Békésy 1962 Francis Crick James Watson Maurice Wilkins och deras upptäckter. 1963 Sir John Eccles Alan L. Hodgkin Andrew F. Huxley Årets Nobelpris i fysiologi eller medicin har tilldelats James P. Allison och Tasuku 1964 Konrad Bloch USA Feodor Lynen Honjo och för deras upptäckt av cancerbehandling genom hämning av immunför- 1965 François Jacob svarets bromsmekanismer. Tack vare Allisons och Honjos forskning finns nu möj- André Lwoff Jacques Monod ligheten att frigöra immunförsvarets inneboende kraft att bekämpa och förstöra 1966 Peyton Rous Charles B. Huggins cancerceller på ett helt nytt och revolutionerande sätt. 1967 Ragnar Granit Haldan Keffer Hartline George Wald 1968 Robert W. Holley Har Gobind Khorana Marshall W. Nirenberg 1969 Max Delbrück Alfred D. Hershey Salvador E. Luria 1970 Sir Bernard Katz Ulf von Euler Julius Axelrod 1971 Earl W Sutherland Jr. 1972 Gerald M. Edelman Rodney R. Porter 1973 Karl von Frisch Konrad Lorenz Nikolaas Tinbergen 1974 Christian de Duve Albert Claude George E. Palade 1975 David Baltimore Renato Dulbecco Howard M. Temin 1976 Baruch S. Blumberg D. Carleton Gajdusek 1977 Andrew V. Schally Roger Guillemin Rosalyn Yalow 1978 Werner Arber Daniel Nathans Hamilton O Smith 1979 Allan M. Cormack Tasuku Honjo genreceptorer kan aktivera eller inaktivera Godfrey N. Hounsfield Tasuku Honjo, född 1942, är en japansk immunförsvarets T-celler. Denna kunskap 1980 Jean Dausset Baruj Benacerraf immunolog. Tasuku är mest känd för upp- utgör kärnan i immunonkologin och Allisons George D. Snell 1981 Roger W. Sperry täckten och utforskandet av mekanismer forskning ledde 2011 fram till det första Torsten N. Wiesel och proteiner som är avgörande för regle- immunonkologiska läkemedlet. 1982 Sune Bergström Bengt Samuelsson ringen av immunreaktioner. Honjos forsk- John R. Vane Storbritannien ning har banat vägen för utvecklingen av Allison har också mycket personliga erfaren- 1983 Barbara McClintock 1984 Niels K. Jerne anti-PD-1-immunterapier, som godkänts för heter av cancer. När han var elva år dog Georges J F Köhler César Milstein behandling av melanom och andra cancer- hans mor i lymfom och hans bror gick bort 1985 Michael S. Brown former. Honjo har varit verksam forskare i i prostatacancer 2005. Allison har själv ope- Joseph L. Goldstein 1986 Rita Levi-Montalcini såväl USA som Japan. rerats för prostatacancer och hudcancer Stanley Cohen 1987 Susumu Tonegawa och genomgår för närvarande immunterapi- 1988 Sir James W. Black Gertrude B. Elion James P. Allison behandling mot blåscancer. George H. Hitchings James P. Allison föddes 1948 i Alice, Texas, 1989 J. Michael Bishop Harold E. Varmus som den yngste av tre söner till Constance Allison är verksam som professor vid 1990 Joseph E. Murray Edward Donnall Kalula (Lynn) och Albert Murphy Allison. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center på University Thomas 1991 Erwin Neher Hans vetenskapliga intresse väcktes på of Texas. På fritiden spelar han munspel i Bert Sakmann 1992 Edmond H. Fischer allvar av hans mattelärare i årskurs 8, ett ett bluesband som heter Checkpoints med Edwin G. Krebs intresse som inneburit att Allison tillbringat kollegor inom immunonkologin. 1993 Richard J. Roberts Phillip A. Sharp en stor del av livet med att studera hur anti- Frontier #2, 2018 3 FRONTIER – ETT MAGASIN OM ALLIGATOR BIOSCIENCE OCH IMMUNONKOLOGI 1994 Alfred G. Gilman Frances H. Arnold, George P. Smith och Sir Gregory P. Winter Martin Rodbell 1995 Edward B. Lewis Eric F. Wieschaus Christiane Nüsslein- Pristagarna i kemi har tagit Volhard 1996 Rolf M. Zinkernagel Peter C. Doherty kontroll över evolutionen 1997 Stanley B. Prusiner 1998 Robert F. Furchgott Louis J. Ignarro Ferid Murad Det första fröet till liv på jorden uppstod för 3,7 miljarder år sedan. Sedan dess 1999 Günter Blobel har evolutionen genom sitt modus operandi med genetiska förändringar och 2000 Paul Greengard Eric R. Kandel selektion producerat en närmast ofattbar rikedom på en tidigare öde planet. Liv Arvid Carlsson 2001 Tim Hunt finns nu på platser med de mest skiftande förutsättningar. Året Nobelpristagare Sir Paul Nurse Leland H. Hartwell i kemi har låtit sig inspireras av evolutionen och använt samma principer för att 2002 Sydney Brenner John E. Sulston utveckla proteiner som löser en rad av våra kemiska utmaningar som att tillver- H. Robert Horvitz ka biobränslen och läkemedel. Och med metoden fagdisplay kan vi nu utveckla 2003 Paul C. Lauterbur Sir Peter Mansfield antikroppar för att behandla autoimmuna sjukdomar och i vissa fall bota spridd 2004 Richard Axel Linda B Buck cancer. 2005 Barry Marshall Robin Warren 2006 Andrew Z. Fire Craig C. Mello 2007 Mario R. Capecchi Oliver Smithies Sir Martin J. Evans 2008 Harald zur Hausen Françoise Barré- Sinoussi Luc Montagnier 2009 Elizabeth Blackburn Carol Greider Jack Szostak 2010 Robert Edwards 2011 Bruce Beutler Jules Hoffmann Ralph Steinman 2012 John B. Gurdon Shinya Yamanaka 2013 James Rothman Randy Schekman Thomas Südhof 2014 John O’Keefe Edvard Moser May-Britt Moser 2015 William C. Campbell Satoshi Ōmura Årets nobelpris i kemi tilldelas tre personer: Frances H. Arnold, född 1956 i Pittsburgh, Tu Youyou 2016 Yoshinori Ohsumi Frances H. Arnold, George P. Smith och USA. Fil.dr 1985 vid University of California, 2017 Jeffrey
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