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Unrestricted Immigration and the Foreign Dominance Of
Unrestricted Immigration and the Foreign Dominance of United States Nobel Prize Winners in Science: Irrefutable Data and Exemplary Family Narratives—Backup Data and Information Andrew A. Beveridge, Queens and Graduate Center CUNY and Social Explorer, Inc. Lynn Caporale, Strategic Scientific Advisor and Author The following slides were presented at the recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This project and paper is an outgrowth of that session, and will combine qualitative data on Nobel Prize Winners family histories along with analyses of the pattern of Nobel Winners. The first set of slides show some of the patterns so far found, and will be augmented for the formal paper. The second set of slides shows some examples of the Nobel families. The authors a developing a systematic data base of Nobel Winners (mainly US), their careers and their family histories. This turned out to be much more challenging than expected, since many winners do not emphasize their family origins in their own biographies or autobiographies or other commentary. Dr. Caporale has reached out to some laureates or their families to elicit that information. We plan to systematically compare the laureates to the population in the US at large, including immigrants and non‐immigrants at various periods. Outline of Presentation • A preliminary examination of the 609 Nobel Prize Winners, 291 of whom were at an American Institution when they received the Nobel in physics, chemistry or physiology and medicine • Will look at patterns of -
The Creation of Neuroscience
The Creation of Neuroscience The Society for Neuroscience and the Quest for Disciplinary Unity 1969-1995 Introduction rom the molecular biology of a single neuron to the breathtakingly complex circuitry of the entire human nervous system, our understanding of the brain and how it works has undergone radical F changes over the past century. These advances have brought us tantalizingly closer to genu- inely mechanistic and scientifically rigorous explanations of how the brain’s roughly 100 billion neurons, interacting through trillions of synaptic connections, function both as single units and as larger ensem- bles. The professional field of neuroscience, in keeping pace with these important scientific develop- ments, has dramatically reshaped the organization of biological sciences across the globe over the last 50 years. Much like physics during its dominant era in the 1950s and 1960s, neuroscience has become the leading scientific discipline with regard to funding, numbers of scientists, and numbers of trainees. Furthermore, neuroscience as fact, explanation, and myth has just as dramatically redrawn our cultural landscape and redefined how Western popular culture understands who we are as individuals. In the 1950s, especially in the United States, Freud and his successors stood at the center of all cultural expla- nations for psychological suffering. In the new millennium, we perceive such suffering as erupting no longer from a repressed unconscious but, instead, from a pathophysiology rooted in and caused by brain abnormalities and dysfunctions. Indeed, the normal as well as the pathological have become thoroughly neurobiological in the last several decades. In the process, entirely new vistas have opened up in fields ranging from neuroeconomics and neurophilosophy to consumer products, as exemplified by an entire line of soft drinks advertised as offering “neuro” benefits. -
書 名 等 発行年 出版社 受賞年 備考 N1 Ueber Das Zustandekommen Der
書 名 等 発行年 出版社 受賞年 備考 Ueber das Zustandekommen der Diphtherie-immunitat und der Tetanus-Immunitat bei thieren / Emil Adolf N1 1890 Georg thieme 1901 von Behring N2 Diphtherie und tetanus immunitaet / Emil Adolf von Behring und Kitasato 19-- [Akitomo Matsuki] 1901 Malarial fever its cause, prevention and treatment containing full details for the use of travellers, University press of N3 1902 1902 sportsmen, soldiers, and residents in malarious places / by Ronald Ross liverpool Ueber die Anwendung von concentrirten chemischen Lichtstrahlen in der Medicin / von Prof. Dr. Niels N4 1899 F.C.W.Vogel 1903 Ryberg Finsen Mit 4 Abbildungen und 2 Tafeln Twenty-five years of objective study of the higher nervous activity (behaviour) of animals / Ivan N5 Petrovitch Pavlov ; translated and edited by W. Horsley Gantt ; with the collaboration of G. Volborth ; and c1928 International Publishing 1904 an introduction by Walter B. Cannon Conditioned reflexes : an investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex / by Ivan Oxford University N6 1927 1904 Petrovitch Pavlov ; translated and edited by G.V. Anrep Press N7 Die Ätiologie und die Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose / Robert Koch ; eingeleitet von M. Kirchner 1912 J.A.Barth 1905 N8 Neue Darstellung vom histologischen Bau des Centralnervensystems / von Santiago Ramón y Cajal 1893 Veit 1906 Traité des fiévres palustres : avec la description des microbes du paludisme / par Charles Louis Alphonse N9 1884 Octave Doin 1907 Laveran N10 Embryologie des Scorpions / von Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov 1870 Wilhelm Engelmann 1908 Immunität bei Infektionskrankheiten / Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov ; einzig autorisierte übersetzung von Julius N11 1902 Gustav Fischer 1908 Meyer Die experimentelle Chemotherapie der Spirillosen : Syphilis, Rückfallfieber, Hühnerspirillose, Frambösie / N12 1910 J.Springer 1908 von Paul Ehrlich und S. -
Biochemistrystanford00kornrich.Pdf
University of California Berkeley Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Program in the History of the Biosciences and Biotechnology Arthur Kornberg, M.D. BIOCHEMISTRY AT STANFORD, BIOTECHNOLOGY AT DNAX With an Introduction by Joshua Lederberg Interviews Conducted by Sally Smith Hughes, Ph.D. in 1997 Copyright 1998 by The Regents of the University of California Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the Nation. Oral history is a method of collecting historical information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well- informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The tape recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ************************************ All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Arthur Kornberg, M.D., dated June 18, 1997. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. -
Richard Llewelyn-Davies and the Architect's Dilemma."
The Richard Llewciy11-Davies Memorial Lectures in ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY March 3, 1985-at the Institute for Advanced Study The J/ictoria11 City: Images and Realities Asa Briggs Provost of Worcester College University of Oxford November 17, 1986--at the University of London The Nuffield Planning Inquiry Brian Flo\vers Vice-Chancellor University of London October 27, 1987-at the Institute for Advanced Study Richard Llewcly11-Davics and the Architect's Dilemma N ocl Annan Vice-Chancellor Erncritus University of London PREFACE The Richard Llewelyn-Davies Memorial Lectures in "Environ ment and Society" were established to honor the memory of an architect distinguished in the fields of contemporary architectural, urban and environmental planning. Born in Wales in 1912, Richard Llewelyn-Davies was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, !'Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris and the Architectural Association in London. In 1960 he began a fif teen-year association with University College of the University of London as Professor of Architecture, Professor of Town Planning, Head of the Bartlett School of Architecture and Dean of the School of Environmental Studies. He became, in 1967, the initial chair man of Britain's Centre for Environmental Studies, one of the world's leading research organizations on urbanism, and held that post for the rest of his life. He combined his academic career with professional practice in England, the Middle East, Africa, Paki stan, North and South America. In the fall of 1980, the year before he died, Richard Llewelyn Davies came to the Institute for Advanced Study. He influenced us in many ways, from a reorientation of the seating arrangement in the seminar room improving discussion and exchange, to the per manent implantation of an environmental sensibility. -
Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize Winners Part 2 - 1951 to 1974: from Crick and Watson to Dorothy Hodgkin
Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize winners part 2 - 1951 to 1974: from Crick and Watson to Dorothy Hodgkin By Cambridge News | Posted: January 18, 2016 By Adam Care The News has been rounding up all of Cambridge's 92 Nobel Laureates, celebrating over 100 years of scientific and social innovation. ADVERTISING In this installment we move from 1951 to 1974, a period which saw a host of dramatic breakthroughs, in biology, atomic science, the discovery of pulsars and theories of global trade. It's also a period which saw The Eagle pub come to national prominence and the appearance of the first female name in Cambridge University's long Nobel history. The Gender Pay Gap Sale! Shop Online to get 13.9% off From 8 - 11 March, get 13.9% off 1,000s of items, it highlights the pay gap between men & women in the UK. Shop the Gender Pay Gap Sale – now. Promoted by Oxfam 1. 1951 Ernest Walton, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei 2. 1951 John Cockcroft, St John's / Churchill Colleges: Nobel Prize in Physics, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei Walton and Cockcroft shared the 1951 physics prize after they famously 'split the atom' in Cambridge 1932, ushering in the nuclear age with their particle accelerator, the Cockcroft-Walton generator. In later years Walton returned to his native Ireland, as a fellow of Trinity College Dublin, while in 1951 Cockcroft became the first master of Churchill College, where he died 16 years later. 3. 1952 Archer Martin, Peterhouse: Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for developing partition chromatography 4. -
Past Recipients (Listed with Their Titles at the Time the Honor Was Conferred)
Past Recipients (listed with their titles at the time the honor was conferred) 2014 José Jalife, M.D. Professor of Internal Medicine and The Cyrus and Jane Farrehi Professor of Cardiovascular Research Professor of Molecular & Integrative Physiology Director, Center for Arrhytmia Research University of Michigan 2012 Andras Nagy, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Molecular Genetics, Senior Investigator, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute University of Toronto 2010 Kevin P. Campbell, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Director, Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center and Chair, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics University of Iowa 2009 Friedrich C. Luft, M.D. Professor of Medicine and Director of the Experimental and Clinical Research Center at the Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany Chief of Nephrology and Hypertension HELIOS Hospital in Berlin-Buch, Germany 2007 Howard J. Jacob, Ph.D. Director, Human and Molecular Genetics Center Warren P. Knowles Chair in Genetics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin 2005 John L. Hall, Ph.D. Arthur C. Guyton Professor and Chair Department of Physiology and Biophysics Director of the Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research Associate Vice-Chancellor of Research University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, Mississippi 2003 Gabor Kaley, Ph.D. Professor and Chairman Department of Physiology New York Medical College Valhalla, New York 2000 Hermes A. Kontos, M.D., Ph.D. Vice President for Health Sciences Dean, School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Richmond, Virginia 1998 William J. Koopman, M.D. Chairman, Department of Medicine University of Alabama School of Medicine Birmingham, Alabama 1995 Suzanne Oparil, M.D. -
Torsten Wiesel (1924– ) [1]
Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) Torsten Wiesel (1924– ) [1] By: Lienhard, Dina A. Keywords: vision [2] Torsten Nils Wiesel studied visual information processing and development in the US during the twentieth century. He performed multiple experiments on cats in which he sewed one of their eyes shut and monitored the response of the cat’s visual system after opening the sutured eye. For his work on visual processing, Wiesel received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [3] in 1981 along with David Hubel and Roger Sperry. Wiesel determined the critical period during which the visual system of a mammal [4] develops and studied how impairment at that stage of development can cause permanent damage to the neural pathways of the eye, allowing later researchers and surgeons to study the treatment of congenital vision disorders. Wiesel was born on 3 June 1924 in Uppsala, Sweden, to Anna-Lisa Bentzer Wiesel and Fritz Wiesel as their fifth and youngest child. Wiesel’s mother stayed at home and raised their children. His father was the head of and chief psychiatrist at a mental institution, Beckomberga Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, where the family lived. Wiesel described himself as lazy and playful during his childhood. He went to Whitlockska Samskolan, a coeducational private school in Stockholm, Sweden. At that time, Wiesel was interested in sports and became the president of his high school’s athletic association, which he described as his only achievement from his younger years. In 1941, at the age of seventeen, Wiesel enrolled at Karolinska Institutet (Royal Caroline Institute) in Solna, Sweden, where he pursued a medical degree and later pursued his own research. -
The Birth of Information in the Brain: Edgar Adrian and the Vacuum Tube,” Science in Context 28: 31-52
Garson, J. (2015) “The Birth of Information in the Brain: Edgar Adrian and the Vacuum Tube,” Science in Context 28: 31-52. Preprint (not copyedited or formatted) Please use DOI when citing or quoting: https://doi- org.proxy.wexler.hunter.cuny.edu/10.1017/S0269889714000313 The Birth of Information in the Brain: Edgar Adrian and the Vacuum Tube Word Count: 10, 418 Abstract: As historian Henning Schmidgen notes, the scientific study of the nervous system would have been ‘unthinkable’ without the industrialization of communication in the 1830s. Historians have investigated extensively the way nerve physiologists have borrowed concepts and tools from the field of communications, particularly regarding the nineteenth-century work of figures like Helmholtz and in the American Cold War Era. The following focuses specifically on the interwar research of the Cambridge physiologist Edgar Douglas Adrian, and on the technology that led to his Nobel-Prize- winning research, the thermionic vacuum tube. Many countries used the vacuum tube during the war for the purpose of amplifying and intercepting coded messages. These events provided a context for Adrian’s evolving understanding of the nerve fiber in the 1920s. In particular, they provide the background for Adrian’s transition around 1926 to describing the nerve impulse in terms of “information,” “messages,” “signals,” or even “codes,” and for translating the basic principles of the nerve, such as the all-or-none principle and adaptation, into such an “informational” context. The following also places Adrian’s research in the broader context of the changing relationship between science and technology, and between physics and physiology, in the first few decades of the twentieth century. -
English Summary
English summary The Nobel Prize Career of Ragnar Granit. A Study of the Prizes of Science and the Science of the Prizes This study is concerned with two closely related themes: the reward system of science – i .e . the various means by which scientists express their admiration and esteem for their colleagues – and the role played by social networks within this broader framework . The study approa- ches its topic from the viewpoint of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, often referred to as the Nobel Prize in Medicine . The focus of the study is on the lengthy process that led to the granting of the 1967 Nobel Prize to Ragnar Granit (1901–1991) for his discoveries concer- ning the primary physiological visual processes in the eye . His award was preceded by one of the most dramatic conflicts within the prize authorities during the post-war decades, and serves here to illustrate the dynamics and the various strategies employed in the Nobel Com- mittee of the Karolinska Institute . In addition, Granit’s career as a No- bel Prize candidate is used as a window through which it is possible to examine the various ways in which elite networks in the scientific field operate . In order to enable comparison, the Nobel careers of Charles Best, Hugo Theorell, and John Eccles are also discussed . On a more ge- neral level the Nobel careers of other scientists who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in the period 1940–1960 are also dis- cussed, whereby, as an offshoot of the study, a general picture of the Nobel institution in the post-war decades emerges . -
1978 Commencement Program, University Archives, University Of
UNIVERSITY of PENNSYLVANIA Two Hundred Thirtieth Commencement for the Conferring of Degrees FRANKLIN FIELD Monday, May 19, 1986 Contents University of Pennsylvania Page OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY The Commencement Ceremony 4 Commencement Notes 6 General Instructions for Commencement Day , 1911 Degrees in Course 8 The College of Arts and Sciences 8 The College of General Studies 16 Members of Graduating Glasses Will Please Read and Retain this Notice The School of Engineering and Applied Science 17 The Wharton School 25 The Wharton Evening School 29 For the Information of the Graduating Classes, the following Instructions are issued to The Wharton Graduate Division 31 Govern Their Actions on Commencement Day, Wednesday, June 21st The School of Nursing 36 The School of Medicine 38 All those who are to receive degrees at Commencement will assemble by Schools in HORTICULTURAL HALL (just south of the Academy of Music), not later than 10.15 a. m. The Law School 39 The Graduate School of Fine Arts 41 Full Academic Dress (i. e., cap, gown and hood) must be worn. The School of Dental Medicine 44 The Marshal in charge will start the march promptly at 10.45. Each class will be headed by its President and The School of Veterinary Medicine 45 Vice-President. Classes will move in columns of two in the following order: The Graduate School of Education 46 Classes of 1911 College and Graduate School. The School of Social Work 48 Class of 1911 Law. The Annenberg School of Communications 49 Class of 1911 Medical. The Graduate Faculties 49 Class of 1911 Dental. -
A Reevaluation of Aulacoseira Nygaardii (Camburn) Camburn & D.F
Nova Hedwigia 81 1-2 257-265 Stuttgart, August 2005 A reevaluation of Aulacoseira nygaardii (Camburn) Camburn & D.F. Charles (Bacillariophyceae): based on scanning electron microscopy of type material by Peter A. Siver ·1 Botany Department, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, U.S.A. and Paul B. Hamilton Research Division, The Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada KIP 6P4 With 16 figures Siver, P.A. & P.B. Hamilton (2005): A reevaluation of Aulacoseira nygaardii (Camburn) Camburn & D.F. Charles (Bacillariophyceae): based on scanning electron microscopy of type material.- Nova Hedwigia 81: 257-265. Abstract: Aulacoseira nygaardii was originally described by Camburn (as Melosira nygaardii in Camburn & Kingston 1986) based on light microscopy. Because the fine structure of this taxon can be difficult to resolve with light microscopy, positive identifications can also be difficult. We present an emended description of this taxon based on an evaluation of type material with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Although SEM micrographs reported as A. nygaardii were presented by Scherer (1988), our observations indicate that the specimens examined by him possess several characters that differ from those in the type material and may represent a different organism. Key words: Aulacoseira, Aulacoseira nygaardii, diatom morphology, Melosira nygaardii, Melosira fennoscandica, scanning electron microscopy, type material. Introduction Aulacoseira nygaardii (Camburn) Camburn & D.E Charles 2000 was originally described by Camburn as Melosira nygaardii in surface sediments from Sand Lake, Alger County, Michigan, U.S.A. (Camburn & Kingston 1986). This species was ·1 e-mail: [email protected] DOl: 10.1127/0029-5035/2005/0081-0257 0029-5035/05/0081-0257 $ 2.25 © 2005 J.