Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty Management Plan 2004-2009

Appendix 1

‘WYE VALLEY VIEWS’ RESPONSES

The feedback and comments from the 14 public For the analysis the individual comments on the meetings and returned 132 Wye Valley View forms were grouped together into categories – questionnaires were entered into a detailed landscape, wildlife, peace & tranquillity, transport, database. While these responses cannot be access, internal (JAC) and other. The summary considered as a statistically valid sample of the table below shows the number of comments made resident or visiting population (25,000 population under each topic and expresses this as a or 2.5M visitors respectively) they do provide percentage of the total comments made on each some useful qualitative information. Numerical of the main ‘questions’. It can be seen that the analysis of the results is difficult due to the majority of comments were concerned with individual and qualitative and multiple nature of landscape (47%) and access (22%), with the comments made. For example on one form surprisingly, only 6% on wildlife. there could be comments on a range of issues in response to each question. The main questions considered here from the questionnaire are:

1) What do you consider to be the best features of the AONB? 2) What features would you most like to see conserved? 3) What features would you most like to see enhanced? 4) What other issues would you like to raise?

Photo: AONB Unit

Internal Landscape Wildlife Peace/ Transport Access Other Total JAC tranquillity Best features of AONB - no.s 129 15 26 5 30 21 226 Best features of AONB % 57% 7% 12% 2% 13% 9% 100% Most like to see conserved no.s 118 13 1 8 33 15 188 Most like to see conserved % 63% 7% 4% 18% 8% 100% Most like to see enhanced no.s 7 33 9 15 45 24 133 Most like to see enhanced % 5% 25% 7% 11% 34% 18% 100% Other issues no.s 3 19 3 6 28 25 84 Other issues % 4% 23% 4% 7% 33% 29% 100% % total comments on category 2% 47% 6% 4% 5% 22% 14% 100%

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RESULTS sites, tourism and its management, and Symonds Yat viewpoint. 1) What do you consider to be the best features of the AONB? 3) What features would you most like to see enhanced? 226 comments were made in total. Of these, 57% related to the landscape of the AONB, 13% 133 comments were made in total. Of these, 34% access, 12% peace and tranquillity, 7% wildlife, related to access, 25% landscape, 18% other, 11% 5% ‘other’ and 2% transport. transport, 7% wildlife and 5% internal (JAC).

Within the landscape category, the highest score Within the landscape category, the highest score (8 (70 out of a total of 129) was for natural beauty & out of a total of 32) related to woodland. Within the views. Within the Access category, the highest access category, the highest score (13 out of a score (18 out of a total of 30) was for good paths total of 45) was for more paths and better access. and walks. Specific comments of note related to Specific comments of note related to better public access to the river and its viewpoints, picnic sites, transport, improved signage, more viewpoints and diversity of amenities and ‘the ruins’. picnic sites, improvements to access points, tourism and its links to local businesses.

2) What features would you most like to see 4) What other issues would you like to raise? conserved? 84 comments were made in total covering a wide 188 comments were made in total. Of these, 63% spectrum of topics. Of these, 33% related to related to landscape of the AONB, 18% access, access, 29% other, 23% landscape, 7% transport, 8% to other, 7% wildlife and 4% transport. and 4% for both wildlife and internal (JAC). Within the landscape category, the highest scores Within the landscape category, the highest score (5 out of a total of 118 were for general landscape out of a total of 19) related to planning controls for (14) & Woodland (19). Within the access polytunnels. Within the Access category, the category, the highest score (17 out of a total of 33) highest score (4 out of a total of 28) related to more was for paths and access to the countryside. promotion of the history of the Wye Valley. Specific Specific comments of note related to industrial comments of note related to tourism and poor relics, archaeological sites, access to historic access for tourists to woodlands.

Photo: AONB Unit

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Appendix II Appendix III Joint Advisory Committee Technical Officers’

The Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Working Party Beauty (AONB) Joint Advisory Committee (JAC) comprises representatives from the following The Technical Officers Working Party, which organisations: supports the Joint Advisory Committee of the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty Local Authorities: (AONB) comprises representatives of:- District Council (2 councillors) County Council (2 councillors) the four local authorities: Council (4 councillors) County Council (4 councillors) Council Gloucestershire County Council Co-opted members - umbrella organisations: Council for the Gloucestershire Countryside Herefordshire Council Gwent Committee for the Environment Council for the Protection of Rural Monmouthshire County Council (Herefordshire branch) Country Land & Business Association National Farmers Union and the following Government agencies: Cadw Non-voting co-opted members: Gwent Wildlife Trust representing the Capital Region Tourism local Wildlife Trusts Lower Wye Valley Society (Cardiff & South East ) Preservation Trust Countryside Agency Central Council for Physical Recreation - Outdoor Pursuits Division Countryside Council for Wales Wye Valley Tourism representing the English Heritage local Tourism Associations. English Nature The overall membership of the JAC is currently English Sports Council being reviewed. Investigations are underway for including a representative from the two main Environment Agency government funding agencies. Commission (South West) The JAC is supported by a Technical Officers Forestry Commission () Working Party, which comprises representatives of the four local authorities and a range of Forestry Commission (South Wales) Government agencies (see Appendix III). Forestry Commission (Forest of Dean) Forestry Commission (Llandovery) Heart of England Tourist Board Rural Development Service, DEFRA Sports Council for Wales

118 AONB RELEVANT TO THE . ETC , STRATEGIES , PLANS , OCUMENTS ourism Strategy for Herefordshire 2002-2007 (2002) D District Local Plan Review Revised Deposit Version (January 2002) District Local Plan Review First Deposit Landscape Character Assessment SPG (July 2000) Forest of Dean Residential Design Guide Conservation Area – Character Appraisal (October 1995) Lower Conservation Area – Character Appraisal (October 1995) Forest of Dean Rural Development Programme – A Strategy 1995–2000 (September 1994) Plan 2001/02-2005/06 Gloucestershire Local Transport Gloucestershire Minerals Local Plan 1997–2006 (adopted April 2003). Gloucestershire Structure Plan Third Alteration Deposit Draft 2003 PromontorySymonds Yat Fort Management Plan (1997) Local Plan ‘Revised Deposit Draft Gloucestershire Waste 2002-2012’. Herefordshire Unitary Development Plan Deposit Draft (September 2002) Draft Supplementary Planning Guidance (September 2002) Landscape Character Assessment Biodiversity Rural Buildings Re-use and Adaptation of Traditional Design and Development Requirements T Plan 2001/02-2005/06 Local Transport Herefordshire’s AONB OLE IN THE R Responsible for local land use planning and development control. Through the production of Local Plans a policy framework is established against which planning applications can be judged. Supplementary planning guidance documents can also be produced on significant topics or locations. Responsible for Environmental Health, housing, leisure interests, tourism and economic development. Responsible for long term strategic planning including transport, minerals and waste, education and social services. Has teams dealing with landscape, archaeology, tourism countryside management, Rights of Way, and enterprise Responsible for long term strategic planning including transport, waste, education and social services. Has teams dealing with landscape, archaeology, countryside management, Highways and ecology, tourism and economic Public Rights of Way, development Joint Advisory Committee Organisations and Documents Joint RGANISATION Appendix IV VOTING MEMBERS OF THE WYE VALLEY AONB JOINT ADVISORY COMMITTEE AONB JOINT ADVISORY VOTING MEMBERS OF THE WYE VALLEY LOCAL AUTHORITIES O FOREST OF DEAN DISTRICT COUNCIL Council Offices, High Street, Coleford, Gloucestershire GL16 8HG Joint Advisory Committee 2 members GLOUCESTERSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL Street, GL1 2TN Hall, Westgate Joint Advisory Committee 2 members HEREFORDSHIRE COUNCIL Brockington, 35 Hafod Road, Hereford HR1 1SH Joint Advisory Committee 4 members (Vice-chairman JAC)

119 ersion (September 2001) Monmouthshire Draft Local Biodiversity Action Plan (2002) Interactions between landscape and the rural economy in Monmouthshire: perspectives from the LANDMAP process (February 2001) Monmouthshire Unitary Development Plan Deposit V Countryside Environment Strategy and Action Plan for Monmouthshire 1998-2002 Responsible for long term strategic planning including transport, minerals and waste, education and social services. Has teams dealing with landscape, countryside tourism and economic management, Rights of Way, development An umbrella organisation representing the voluntary conservation sector in Gloucestershire. A national charity where the local branch represents the voluntary conservation sector in Herefordshire on the JAC. National voluntary organisation representing the interest of landowners and country businesses. An umbrella organisation representing the voluntary conservation sector in Gwent, including Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales National voluntary organisation representing the interests of farmers st Midlands Region ales Region MONMOUTHSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL County Hall, Cwmbran NP44 2XH Joint Advisory Committee 4 members COUNCIL FOR THE GLOUCESTERSHIRE COUNTRYSIDE Joint Advisory Committee Local representative COUNCIL FOR THE PROTECTION OF RURAL ENGLAND (HEREFORDSHIRE BRANCH) Joint Advisory Committee Local representative LAND AND BUSINESS ASSOCIATION COUNTRY Joint Advisory Committee Local representative GWENT COMMITTEE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT Joint Advisory Committee Local representative (Chair of JAC) UNION FARMERS NATIONAL We W Joint Advisory Committee Local representative from Herefordshire VOTING CO-OPTED MEMBERS OF THE WYE VALLEY AONB JOINT ADVISORY COMMITTEE AONB JOINT ADVISORY VOTING CO-OPTED MEMBERS OF THE WYE VALLEY

120 owards tomorrow’s countryside – A strategy for the Biodiversity Guidance for Gwent 2001-2005 (Gwent Biodiversity Partnership 2002) Biodiversity Action Plan for Gloucestershire (Gloucestershire Biodiversity Partnership 2000) Herefordshire Biodiversity Action Plan (Herefordshire Biodiversity Partnership 2000) AONB Management Plans – A guide (2001 - CA23) Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty – A Guide for AONB partnership members (2001 - CA24) T Countryside Agency (2001) Midlands 5: West Countryside Character Volume (1999 - CA11) Countryside Recreation – Enjoying the living countryside (1999 – CCP544) Protecting Our Finest Countryside – Advice to Government (1998 - CCP532) Landscape – an assessment of the The Wye Valley AONB (1996 - CCP487) ildlife Trusts Partnership. Own and manage a ildlife Trusts ural socio-economics. A national charity where a local representative represents recreational interests in the AONB. Representing Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust, and themselves. Herefordshire Nature Trust Countywide charities that are part of the national W number of significant reserves within the AONB. Provides environmental educational service, gives advice and campaigns. Runs membership scheme. and gives advice on, the care Campaigns for, countryside. protection of the lower Wye Valley Operates a membership scheme. An umbrella organisation representing the interests of organisations and user groups with an interest in the conservation of the River Wye. Represents the tourism industry within the lower Wye Valley. Responsible for AONB designation. Gives advice on appropriate policy for those affected by the designation. Makes formal observation on AONB Management Plans (S.90 Countryside and Rights Act 2000). of Way Grant aids core costs of AONB Management. Deals with landscape, recreation and access, r Operates through regional offices. st Midlands Region ust Manager GOVERNMENT AGENCIES OFFICERS IN ATTENDANCE TO OFFER TECHNICAL ADVICE OFFICERS IN ATTENDANCE CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR PHYSICAL RECREATION – OUTDOORS PURSUITS DIVISION Joint Advisory Committee Local representative GWENT WILDLIFE TRUST 16 White Swan Court, , NP25 3NY Joint Advisory Committee Tr SOCIETY LOWER WYE VALLEY Joint Advisory Committee Committee member TRUST RIVER WYE PRESERVATION Joint Advisory Committee Local representative TOURISM ASSOCIATION WYE VALLEY Joint Advisory Committee Local representative AGENCY COUNTRYSIDE We Vincent House, Quay Place, 92-93 Edward 1st Floor, Street, Birmingham B1 2RA Region South West Bridge House, Sion Place, Clifton Down, Bristol BS8 4AS Joint Advisory Committee Countryside Officer (Finest Countryside), West Midlands Region NON VOTING CO-OPTED MEMBERS OF THE WYE VALLEY AONB JOINT ADVISORY COMMITTEE AONB JOINT ADVISORY NON VOTING CO-OPTED MEMBERS OF THE WYE VALLEY

121 Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty Management Plan – (2002) Guidance for Local Authorities in Wales Action for Wildlife (1997) Office 1996) Countryside (The Welsh A Working for Wales Landscape (1996) The Welsh Energy – Policy and perspectives for the Welsh countryside (1992) Midlands Region (1999) Natural Areas in the West Region (1999) Natural Areas in the South West y Act 2000). Grant aids core costs of AONB ay Act 2000). Advises and supports Biodiversity Responsible for AONB designation. Gives advice on appropriate policy for those affected by the designation. Makes formal observation on AONB Management Plans (S.90 Countryside and Rights of Wa Management. Deals with landscape, recreation and access. National statutory nature conservation agency. on designation Advises National Assembly for Wales of sites under International Conventions and EU SAC) and under SPA, Directives (e.g. Ramsar, National Acts (e.g. NNR, SSSI). Makes formal observations on AONB Management Plans (S.90 Countryside Act 2000). Advises and Rights of Way and supports Biodiversity Plans, Local Nature Reserves, etc. Operates through regional offices Responsible for the conservation of the built heritage. Designates Scheduled Ancient Monuments. Provides advice on scheduled monuments, historic areas and buildings. Operates through regional offices National Statutory nature conservation agency. Advises Government on designation of sites under International Conventions and EU Directives (e.g. SAC) and under National Acts (e.g. SPA, Ramsar, NNR, SSSI). Makes formal observations on AONB Management Plans (S.90 Countryside and Rights of W Plans, Local Nature Reserves, etc. Operates through county offices. COUNTRYSIDE COUNCIL FOR WALES COUNTRYSIDE Region South Wales Unit 4, Castleton Court, Fortran Road, St Mellons, Cardiff CF3 0LT Joint Advisory Committee District Officer for Gwent ENGLISH HERITAGE Region South West 29 Queen Square, Bristol BS1 4ND Joint Advisory Committee Assistant Inspector of Ancient Monuments (Gloucestershire) ENGLISH NATURE Somerset and Gloucestershire Herefordshire HR8 Ledbury, Bronsil House, Eastnor, 1EP Herefordshire and Worcestershire Herefordshire HR8 Ledbury, Bronsil House, Eastnor, 1EP Joint Advisory Committee Lead Conservation Officer (Gloucestershire)

122 oodlands for Wales: The National Assembly for Wales oodlands for Wales: Local Environment Agency Plan – Wye Area (1999) The Wye Catchment Management Plan Action (1995) The Lower Wye Catchment Management Plan Consultation Report (June 1994) Conservation & Recreation: The Wye Challenge (July 1992) District Strategic Plans Forest Design Plans Dean Broadleaf Management Plan England Forestry Strategy W and Woodlands. Strategy for Trees Regional Forestry Frameworks National agency dealing with the protection of environment with responsibility for the regulation land and water issues. Deals with flood of air, waste control defence, water resources and quality, and air pollution. Operates through regional and local offices Government agency responsible for the multi- objective management of the state forests. Government agency responsible for the regulation of forestry rcester WR5 2FR st Midlands Region oodland Officer (Forest of Dean), ENVIRONMENT AGENCY WALES Rivers House, St Mellons Business Park, Mellons, Cardiff CF3 0LT Joint Advisory Committee Conservation, Recreation and Navigation Manager COMMISSION FORESTRY Forest of Dean District Bank House, Street, Coleford, Gloucestershire GL16 8BA Llanymddyfri Forest District CarmarthenshireLlanfair Road, Llandovery, SA20 0AL Joint Advisory Committee Deputy Surveyor (Wye & Avon) Forest District Manager (Llandovery) COMMISSION FORESTRY We Government Buildings, Block B, Whittington Road, Wo Region South West Region South Wales Operations Manager, South West Region South West Bank House, Street, Coleford, Gloucestershire GL16 8BA Region South Wales Cantref Court, Brecon Road, Abergavenny NP7 7AX Joint Advisory Committee Midlands Region West Conservator, W

123 orking for the Countryside – A strategy for oodland Management Guidelines 2nd Edition (1996) ourism 2000 – A strategy for Wales ourism 2000 – A strategy for Wales ourism Council 2001) ural tourism in England 2001-2005 (English Rural England – A Nation committed to a living countryside (HMSO 1995) T Board 1994) Tourist (Wales W r T A Nature Conservation Strategy (1999) W (1995) A Strategy for Sustainable Tourism Management Plan (1994) Symonds Yat AONB Management Plan (1992) Wye Valley Responsible for the Countryside Stewardship scheme and other control aid schemes linked to farming. A regional body working to increase the overall total of tourism expenditure in the region. An autonomous regional body working to increase the overall total of tourism expenditure in the region Strategic lead organisation for sport in England responsible for delivering the Government’s sporting objectives National organisation responsible for developing and promoting sport in Wales st Midlands Region venue, Cardiff CF23 9XR DEPARTMENT FOR THE ENVIRONMENT, FOR THE ENVIRONMENT, DEPARTMENT (DEFRA) FOOD & RURAL AFFAIRS OTHER ORGANISATIONS REGION TOURISM CAPITAL Region South East Wales Institute of Cardiff, Colchester University of Wales A Joint Advisory Committee Regional Strategy Director OF ENGLAND VISIT HEART WR5 2EF Larkhill Road, Worcester Joint Advisory Committee Assistant Development Manager ENGLAND SPORT We Birmingham B16 8TT 1 Hagley Road, Five Ways, Joint Advisory Committee Regional Development Officer (Worcestershire and Herefordshire) COUNCIL FOR WALES SPORTS Sophia Gardens, Cardiff, CF1 9SW Joint Advisory Committee Assistant Policy Development Officer AONB WYE VALLEY Hadnock Road, Monmouth NP25 3NG Joint Advisory Committee AONB Officer Wye Valley GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS

124 Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Management Plan 2004-2009

Appendix V Proposed Indicators for the South West of England AONBs

Topic/Headline Proposed Indicator Comment Landscape Landscape character Historic features Data available from EH • % SAMs in favourable condition Data partly available from planning • listed and unlisted buildings at authorities and partly will have to be risk collected locally • % change in locally distinctive Importance to be locally field boundaries determined, and much of the data collected locally • changes in key ridges and views Sites to be locally determined following baseline survey work, and data collected locally (photographic evidence from fixed point photography) • Other locally distinctive Key indicators of local features, for example: distinctiveness need to be locally - extent of woodland type(s) determined. Some data readily - condition of old routeways available (eg from Forestry - historic gardens Commission) and some will need to - length of undeveloped coastline be locally collected (eg unspoilt (development within 300m of mean coastline). high water mark) etc Land management • % of land managed under higher Data available from DEFRA tier agri-environment schemes Biodiversity Habitats • % change in BAP habitats Base line survey work nearing completion by EN and will be able to be supplied to AONB boundaries Species • would require local identification Characteristic species will need to be locally determined; data availability depends on species chosen and likely to involve substantial local data collection Water quality Rivers • % change in pollution incidents Type of incidents to be used in monitoring requires local determination. Data currently available from Environment Agency and is regularly updated

Sea water • % of all designated bathing Data currently available from beaches meeting Bathing Environment Agency and is Water Directive regularly updated Access Access • % of RoW in good condition Data should be available from RoW team Social Affordable housing • number of new homes built Data can be collated from the Local annually, in the AONB, which are or County Planning Authorities and affordable housing should include net new affordable dwellings completed per year, including new build and conversions. This may require analysis of housing data by AONB unit.

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Access to services • % of AONB population within x Data is available from the km of a convenience food shop Countryside Agency as part of their monitoring for the State of the Countryside. The data has been cut to an AONB level but may contain inaccuracies as it is based on ward boundaries. Economic Employment changes • % change in key employment Categories to be locally selected. sectors Data available from NOMIS data base and DEFRA. Smallest unit of disaggregation is ward, and sometimes larger to protect confidentiality. Will require data manipulation.

Farming • % change in relevant farming Categories to be locally selected. types + geographically specific data Data available from DEFRA if required

Produced by Baker Associates (November 2003)

Photo: ©Archie Miles

126 Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Management Plan 2004-2009

APPENDIX VI

List of acronyms and abbreviations for partners

AONB Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, often specifically used in reference to the Wye Valley AONB ASNW Ancient Semi-Natural Woodland BAP Biodiversity Action Plan BL Business Link DI Deer Initiative CA Countryside Agency Cadw Cadw CAMS Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy CAP Common Agricultural Policy CC Chambers of Commerce CCC County Community Councils, e.g. Community First in Herefordshire CCW Countryside Council for Wales CFL County Food Links organisations CLA Country Land and Business Association CPRE Council for the Protection of Rural England CPRW Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales CRoW Countryside & Rights of Way Act 2000 CRT Capital Region Tourism cSAC Candidate Special Area of Conservation DEFRA Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs DMGs Deer Management Groups DTLR Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions EA Environment Agency EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EH English Heritage EHT Earth Heritage and Geoconservation Trusts EN English Nature ERDP England Rural Development Programme FC Forestry Commission FTA Forest of Dean Tourism Association FWAG Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group GIS Geographical Information System GOSW Government Office South West GOWM Government Office West Midlands HA Highways Agency HC Herefordshire Council HETB Heart of England Tourist Board

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HLF Heritage Lottery Fund HNT Herefordshire Nature Trust HW Heartwoods JAC Joint Advisory Committee LAs Local Authorities LA-LCC Local Authorities – Landscape, Countryside & Conservation services LBAP Local Biodiversity Action Plan LHA Local highways authority LPA Local Planning Authority LWVS Lower Wye Valley Society MPAs Mineral Planning Authority MPC Mobile phone companies NAAONB National Association for Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty NFU National Farmers Union NNR National Nature Reserve NT National Trust ODI Offa’s Dyke Initiative PAWS Planted Ancient Woodland Site P&CCs Parish and Community Councils in the Wye Valley AONB PGP and St. Briavels Parish Grassland Project PPG Planning Policy Guidance PRoW Public Rights of Way RDAs Regional Development Agencies RIGS Regionally Important Geological and Geomorphological Sites RUG Recreational user groups SAC Special Area of Conservation SHTA South Herefordshire Tourism Association SMR Sites and Monuments Register SPG Supplementary Planning Guidance SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest TOWP Technical Officers’ Working Party WAGWelsh Assembly Government WDA Welsh Development Agency WDI Wales Deer Initiative WDP Woolhope Dome Project WT Woodland Trust WiT County Wildlife or Nature Trusts WVG Wye Valley Graziers Association WVT Wye Valley Tourism Association UC Utilities companies

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Appendix VII Glossary

Term used Explanation/definition

Affordable Housing Low cost housing for sale or rent, often from a housing association, provided to meet the needs of local people who cannot afford accommodation through the open market. Aggregates Sand and gravel, crushed rock and other bulk materials used in the construction industry for purposes such as making concrete, mortar, asphalt or roadstone, drainage or bulk filling. Agri-environment A range of schemes operated by DEFRA designed to encourage Schemes environmentally friendly farming and public enjoyment of the countryside, includes Countryside Stewardship in England and Tir Gofal in Wales. Alder Phytophthora A fatal fungal infection of trees believed to be a relatively recent hybrid of fungi Phytophthora cambivora and Phytophthora fragariae, the plant pathogen is capable of inflicting widespread damage to trees in the Alder family. Alien species. Plant or animal species that has either been transported accidentally through human activity, or purposefully introduced, from their historically known native ranges into new ecosystems where they did not evolve. Also known as non- indigenous, exotic, invasive or introduced species. Amenity The pleasant or normally satisfactory aspects of a location, which contribute to its overall character and the enjoyment of residents or visitors. Ancient Semi-Natural An ancient woodland site, believed to have had continuous woodland cover Woodland since 1600 AD, composed principally of native tree species that have not obviously been planted. Area of Outstanding Area designated under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act Natural Beauty (AONB) 1949, with the primary purpose of designation being to conserve natural beauty. Biodiversity The common term for "biological diversity", the variety of life and the natural processes of which living things are a part. The term includes living organisms, the genetic differences between them and the communities in which they occur. Biodiversity Action Plan A plan, programme or strategy for the conservation and sustainable use of (BAP) biodiversity. Biodiversity Action Plans are a key means by which the UK Government commitment to the Convention on Biological Diversity at Rio de Janeiro (1992) is to be met. bio-fuels currently methane, alcohols and biodiesel, all of which may be made from sustainable agricultural crops, producing valuable by-products Bridleway A public right of way for walkers and those on horseback, or leading a horse, together with pedal cyclists. Broadleaved Trees Trees belonging to the botanical group Angiospermae, carrying broad leaves, which usually shed all their foliage at the end of the growing season. Also known as deciduous or hardwood trees. Browsing A method of feeding by herbivores in which the leaves and peripheral shoots are removed from trees and shrubs. Buffer Zone The region near the border of a protected area providing a zone of transition between areas managed for different objectives. Carrying Capacity Attempts made to measure the maximum amount of use that a resource can accommodate. • Ecological capacity is the maximum level of use consistent with no reduction in the valued ecological attributes of an area; • Physical capacity is the maximum level of use that can be accommodated in space or time; • Perceptual capacity refers to the point at which enjoyment falls due to feelings of overcrowding. ( Burton 1974). Catchment Abstraction Implemented by Environment Agency since 2001 for every catchment in Management Plans England and Wales to provide both a consistent approach to local water (CAMs) resource management and greater public involvement in water management.

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Climate change The anticipated impact of modern human activity on the global environment leading to an estimated 3 –8 degree centigrade rise in temperatures in the UK over the next 100 years, with additional environmental consequences. Common Agricultural European Union wide policy that supports agriculture through price support, Policy (CAP) market management and measures to improve the agriculture industry. Undergoing a Mid term review, introducing decoupling and more modulation and cross compliance. Common Land Defined in section 22 of the Commons Registration Act 1965 as land subject to rights of common (as defined in this Act) whether those rights are exercisable at all times or only during limited periods Community Strategy Defined in the Local Government Act 2000 as provision of a new duty and responsibility for Local Authorities to work closely with others to improve the local quality of life and promote well being. A Community Strategy links the work of key stakeholders in a Local Authority area across the public, private, voluntary and community sectors. condition monitoring Monitoring condition of the AONB to assess changes over time. Differs from performance monitoring that monitors completion of actions etc within the plan Coniferous Woodland Wooded land on which more than 75% of the tree crown cover consists of coniferous species. Conservation The management of the human use of the biosphere so that it may yield the greatest sustainable benefit to current generations while maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations: Thus conservation is positive; embracing preservation, maintenance, sustainable utilisation, restoration and enhancement of the natural environment. Conservation Area Defined by section 69 of the Planning (Listed Buildings & Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as an area of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which is desirable to preserve or enhance. Coppice Woodland which has normally been regenerated from shoots formed at the cut stumps of the previous crop trees, root suckers, or both i.e. by vegetative means. Coppice is normally grown on a short rotation i.e. 5 – 25 years to yield small diameter material. Countryside The term used for all land outside the built-up area boundaries defined in local plans. The rural environment and its associated communities. Countryside and Rights Contains measures to improve public access to the open countryside and of Way Act (2000) registered common land while recognising the legitimate interests of those who own and manage the land concerned; it amends the law relating to rights of way; it amends the law relating to nature conservation by strengthening protection for Sites of Special Scientific Interest including tougher penalties and by providing extra powers for the prosecution of wildlife crime; it provides a basis for the conservation of biological diversity; and it provides for better management of Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, including the requirement for local authorities to produce AONB management plans every five years and places a duty on public bodies to have regard to the purposes of AONB designation. Countryside Stewardship An agri-environment scheme administered by DEFRA, which enables farmers Scheme (CSS) and land managers to enter ten year management agreements to maintain or enhance certain landscapes and features. Cross Compliance The linking of a farmer's eligibility for agricultural subsidies to environmental conditions and good farming practice. Decoupling Breaking the link between farm subsidies and production to reconnect farmers to their markets, reduce damaging environmental impacts and cut red tape. Department for Central government body with the aim of sustainable development, which Environment, Food and means a better quality of life for everyone, now and for generations to come, Rural Affairs (Defra) including: a better environment at home and internationally, and sustainable use of natural resources; economic prosperity through sustainable farming, fishing, food, water and other industries that meet consumers' requirements; thriving economies and communities in rural areas and a countryside for all to enjoy. Entry Level Scheme Proposed agri-environment scheme to be introduced in 2005 with the aim to (ELS), encourage a large number of farmers across a wide area of farmland to deliver simple yet effective environmental management.

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Environmental Impact Defined under the Town and Country Planning (Assessment of Environmental Assessment Effects) Regulations 1988, where developers are required to provide in addition to a planning application, an environmental statement, evaluating the likely environmental impact of the development, together with an assessment on how impacts may be mitigated. Environmentally Sensitive Introduced in 1987 to offer incentives to encourage farmers to adopt agricultural Area (ESA) practices, which would safeguard and enhance parts of the country of particularly high landscape, wildlife or historic value. There are 22 ESAs in England, covering some 10% of agricultural land. The Wye Valley is not an ESA. Erosion It is the act or operation in which soil or rock at the earth’s surface is worn away (weathered) by the chemical or mechanical action of water, wind or man. It can also refer to a gradual process of removing something which can be accelerated by human activity. Farming and Wildlife Charity that exists to provide farmers, landowners and other clients with the Advisory Group (FWAG). opportunity for environmental gain through cost effective, quality solutions. FWAG has local groups throughout England, Scotland and Wales, with over 90 Farm Conservation Advisers. FWAG provides farmers and landowners with practical advice on making adjustments to farm operations and enhancing farm features in order to support wildlife, landscape, archaeology, access and other conservation issues. Food Miles The distance food travels from farm to plate. Footpath A public right of way for walkers. Forest An extensive track of land covered mainly with trees and undergrowth, sometimes intermingled with pasture. Fragmentation The breaking-up of continuous tracts of ecosystems, reducing the size of homogenous areas and creating barriers to the migration or dispersal of organisms. General Permitted The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995 Development Order grants rights to carry out certain limited forms of development without the need to make an application for planning permission (the thresholds for GDP are generally smaller in AONBs). Genetically Modified The modification of the genetic characteristics of a plant or animal by the Organism (GMOs) insertion of a gene or modified gene from another variety or species. Geographical Information Computer based systems for managing, analysis and presenting System. (GIS) geographically referenced data. Geomorphology The branch of physical geography which deals with the form of the earth, the general configuration of its surface and the distribution of land and water etc. together with the natural processes that contribute to the evolution of landscapes. Grassland Any plant community in which grasses and/or legumes comprise the dominant vegetation. Grazier Commoners who exercise their right to ‘common of pasture’ turning their stock onto a common to graze, and/or grazing undertaken by the landowners own or landowners’ nominee stock. Grazing A method of feeding by herbivores characterised by the repeated removal of only a part (usually the leaf) of the plant (most commonly herbage such as grass and clovers). green Often used instead of ‘sustainable’ but implies something different in terms of ‘green’ tourism, which is concerned with the environment as an attraction rather than ‘sustainable’ tourism that considers the environment, economy and social impact of tourism on an area. Green Lane A term with no legal definition which is often used to describe routes, normally bounded by walls or hedges, which appear to have no ‘sealed’ surface i.e. macadam or concrete, irrespective of whether they are rights of way or entirely private. Habitat A place in which a particular plant or animal lives, or the wider interaction of plants and animals that are found together. Heath A tract of uncultivated, generally nutrient poor land, with an open character, whose vegetation is dominated by dwarf shrubs, most typically belonging to the family Ericaceae – Heathers. Depending on levels of moisture heaths are further subdivided as dry heath, heather moor and moss-moor. Heath under 300 metres above sea level is referred to as Lowland Heath.

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Hedgerow Lines of trees and/or shrubs which delineate the boundaries of fields. Heritage Historic or cultural associations. Higher Tier Scheme (HTS) Agri-environment scheme to be introduced in 2005 to concentrate on the more complex types of management needed to achieve the objectives of the ELS where land managers need advice and support, where agreements need to be tailored to local circumstances and where management needs to be carefully targeted. Highway Any way over which the public have a right to pass and repass. Highway Authority The Highways Act 1980 defines a Highways Authority as the body responsible for maintaining all highways maintainable at public expense and keeping them free of obstruction, including responsibility for public rights of way. The Highway Authorities in the Wye Valley are Herefordshire Council and Monmouthshire and Gloucestershire County Councils. Historic Parks and Parks and Gardens containing historic features dating from 1939 or earlier and Gardens registered by Cadw or English Heritage in three grades as with historic buildings. Honeypot Site Features or facilities which attract significant numbers of visitors through their reputation or position. Infrastructure Anything, whether buildings, apparatus or services, essential to the development and use of land. Planning permission can be withheld if infrastructure required by a development is not provided, including infrastructure needs arising outside the proposed site. Interpretation Interpretation is an educational activity which aims to reveal meanings and relationships through the use of original objects, by first hand experience and by illustrative media, rather than simply to communicate factual information. It is the art of explaining the place of man in his environment, to increase visitor or public awareness of this relationship and to awaken a desire to contribute to environmental conservation. Landscape An area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors. Landscape Assessment Non statutory document setting out the special qualities of the landscape, tracing its evolution and forces for change Landscape Character A distinct, recognisable and consistent pattern of elements in the landscape that makes one landscape different from another, rather than better or worse. Landscape Character Unique individual geographical areas in which landscape types occur, which Area share generic characteristics with other areas of the same type but have their own particular identity. Landscape Character Is a method for identifying, understanding and expressing the different patterns Assessment and features i.e. woodlands, hedgerows, building styles and historic artefacts which give a place a distinctive character. Landscape Feature A prominent eye-catching element, e.g. wooded hill top or church spire. LEADER + European Community initiative for assisting rural communities in improving the quality of life and economic prosperity of their area. Local initiatives are ‘Herefordshire Rivers’ and Adventa in Monmouthshire. Listed Building A building of architectural or historical importance, graded according to its merit (I, II*, II) and subject to special controls. Local Access Forum Set up under CRoW Act to represent a balance of local interests and views, providing independent guidance to the relevant local authorities and the Countryside Agency on how to make the countryside more accessible and enjoyable for open air recreation in ways that address social, economic and environmental interests. Each county has one covering their respective areas of the Wye Valley. Local Agenda 21 Taking the initiative from the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio, local authorities at County and District level promote community involvement in projects to improve and enhance local areas and environments: setting a local agenda for the 21st century.

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Local Authority An administrative unit of local government, specifically any body listed in section 270 of the Local Government Act 1972 or section 21(1) of the Local Government and Housing Act 1989. Local Distinctiveness Essentially the sum of points of connection between the place and the person. Local distinctiveness is fundamentally about giving professionals a mandate to care for landscape detail, by linking meaning and identity. It is an expression of how landscapes are valued as places which have a distinctiveness and significance that communities cherish as their own and seek to find alternatives to the spread of uniformity in the countryside. Local Nature Reserve Site acquired, declared and managed by local authorities in co-operation with EN in order to protect its wildlife value for the benefit of the local community. Local Planning Authority The Local Authority, normally the local borough or district council, which is empowered by law to exercise planning functions. Local Produce Local production and local producers from within a radius up to 30 miles of a market, or 50 miles in the case of large cities or remote areas, but never more than 100 miles. Local Transport Plan A plan produced by the Highway Authority setting out future proposals for transport infrastructure over the following 5 years and attracting possible Government funding. Meadow Land, usually level and low lying, devoted to grasses and short herbs, which is mown annually for hay. Methodology The specific approach and techniques used for a given study or project. Modulation Modulation involves the transfer of money paid to farmers from direct CAP agricultural support payments to a wider range of rural development measures. National Nature Reserve Designated by English Nature or Countryside Council for Wales under the (NNR) National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 to protect and conserve nationally important areas of wildlife habitat and geological formations and to promote scientific research. National Parks National Parks are extensive areas each with their own managing authority to conserve and enhance their natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage and to promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of their special qualities. There are currently ten National Parks in England and Wales plus the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads that have equivalent status. In October 1999, the Countryside Agency began the process of designating the New Forest and South Downs as National Parks. Sister designation to AONBs, National Parks are living and working landscapes with an increasing focus on supporting the communities and economic activity that underpin their natural beauty. National Trail Routes based on Public Rights of Way through the nation’s finest and most characteristic countryside, allowing an extensive journey on foot, horseback or by bicycle and capable of attracting tourist use from home and abroad. Natural Beauty Legislation and associated guidance defines natural beauty as including the physical elements of flora, fauna, geology (physiographic or geomorphological,) the cultural and heritage elements, together with less tangible values such as intactness, rarity, wildness, remoteness, tranquillity and the appeal to the physical senses. Nature Conservation A non-statutory document published in 1999 by the AONB unit with Strategy for the Wye Countryside Council for Wales and English Nature outlining the priorities and Valley AONB actions needed to ensure the wildlife of the AONB is conserved and enhanced. Organic Agriculture A method of production, which puts the highest emphasis on environmental protection and, with regard to livestock production, animal welfare considerations. It avoids or largely reduces the use of synthetic chemical inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, additives and medical products. The word ‘organic’ may only be applied to products that have been obtained in accordance with EC Regulation 2092/01

133 Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Management Plan 2004-2009

Parkland A large piece of ground usually comprising woodland, pasture and formal gardens, currently or once attached to a country house or mansion. Pasture An area of land dominated by grass, which is used only for grazing, as distinct from a meadow that is mown. Pasture may be enclosed fields or unenclosed common land. Permanent Pasture Any pasture composed of perennial or self-seeding annual plants kept indefinitely for grazing. Permissive Path A route where the landowner has granted permission for public use but which is not dedicated as a public right of way. Planning Policy Guidance A series of numbered documents issued by the Office of the Deputy Prime Notes Minister (ODPM) setting out government policy and advice on planning issues. Planted Ancient Ancient Woodland Sites in which the former tree cover has been replaced, Woodland Sites often with non-native trees. PAWS often retain important ancient woodland features including characteristic flora, fauna and archaeology. Pollard A tree having its top cut off at some height above the ground to promote new and multiple growth, either to avoid the reach of browsing animals or to create aesthetically pleasing forms. Precautionary Principle Principle applied, to err on the side of caution where significant environmental damage may occur, but where knowledge on the matter is incomplete, or when the prediction of environmental effects is uncertain. Protected Area A geographically defined area which is designated or regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives. Public Right of Way A route where the public has a right to walk, and in some cases ride horses, bicycles, motorcycles, wheeled carriages or drive motor vehicles which is designated either a footpath, a bridleway, a road used as a public path (RUPP) or a byway open to all traffic (BOAT). Public Transport Methods of transporting passengers including buses, trains and taxis but not car passengers. Quiet Lane Section 208 of the Transport Act 2000 makes provision for local traffic authorities to designate roads for which they are responsible as Quiet Lanes, enjoying voluntary speed restrictions and promotion for non-motorised traffic. Recreation Any pursuit engaged upon during leisure time, other than pursuits to which people are normally highly committed i.e. shopping, housework, child care etc. Regional Planning Policy guidance and advice issued for each region in England by the Secretary Guidance of State on the basis of advice provided by Regional Planning Bodies. Regional Route Longer named paths, promoted on the initiative of Local Authorities, signed and fully waymarked, and based on public rights of way, offering more than a days travelling, perhaps following a theme or feature that offer tourism potential, such as the Regionally Important Non-statutory sites of regional geological or geomorphological importance Geological and recognised by English Nature, Countryside Council for Wales and local Geomorphological Sites authorities. (RIGS) Renewable energy Energy generated from resources that are non-fossil fuels, and are unlimited, rapidly replenished or naturally renewable such as wind, water, sun, wave and refuse. Thus the technology includes wind turbines, wave generators, biofuels, solar power, wood fuel burners and boilers etc. Rights of Way Sections 60 to 62 of the CRoW Act require local highway authorities to prepare Improvement Plans and publish Rights of Way Improvement Plans for improving rights of way in their areas, taking into account the needs of the public including people with disabilities. Riparian Of or relating to, or located on, the banks of a stream or river. Run-off Portion of rainfall, melted snow or irrigation water that flows across the ground’s surface and is eventually returned to streams.

134 Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Management Plan 2004-2009

Rural Development Known as the second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy and is concerned Regulation with: • Modernisation of farms • Safety and quality of food products • Fair and stable incomes for farmers • Environmental challenges • Supplementary or alternative job-creating activities to arrest rural depopulation • Improvement of living and working conditions and the promotion of equal opportunity. EEA The programme for England under European Regulation EC 1257/1999 is aimed at diversifying farming and forestry businesses and increasing competitiveness, developing new food and non-food products, ensuring the sustainable management of Less Favoured Areas and significantly increasing the areas covered by environmental schemes. Rural Regeneration The process of undertaking initiatives for public benefit in areas of social and economic deprivation, through the maintenance or improvement of the physical, social and economic infrastructure and by assisting people who are at a disadvantage because of their social and economic circumstances. Scheduled Ancient A structure identified by Cadw and English Heritage for protection under the Monument (SAM) Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 Second Home A fixed property which is the occasional residence of a household that usually lives elsewhere. Section 106 agreement A binding agreement between a local planning authority and a developer associated with a grant of planning permission and regarding matters linked to the proposed development. Sense of Place Concept used to describe the memories and feelings of connectedness evoked (Genius Loci) by places where people live and work. The essential character of an area: ‘Genius Loci’ literally means ‘spirit of the place’. Site of Special Scientific Area identified by Countryside Council for Wales and English Nature under the Interest (SSSI) National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 for protection by reason of the rarity of its nature conservation, wildlife features or geological interest. Sites and Monument A database of sites of archaeological interest and potential within a particular Record (SMR) area, usually a county. Social Exclusion A summary term describing the collective difficulties experienced by people and/or areas which suffer from a combination of linked problems such as unemployment, inadequate housing, poor skills, low income etc. Special Area of Site designated according to the Habitats Directive 93/43/EEC on the Conservation (SAC) conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora. SAC defines a site of Community Importance designated by member states through a statutory, administrative and/or contractual act, where the necessary conservation measures are applied for the maintenance or restoration, at a favourable conservation status, of the natural habitats and/or the populations of the species for which the site is designated. All candidate SACs in UK are SSSIs. Special Wildlife Sites Categorisation developed by County Wildlife Trusts to identify the best places Species for wildlife outside legally protected areas. Organisms are named and classified by a system of taxonomy according to similarities in structure and origin. Species are the taxonomic group whose members can interbreed. Statutory Denotes something that is defined in legislation. Statutory Undertaker Statutory undertakers are organisations authorised by statute or licensed by central government to perform various public undertakings. Section 98 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 defines a statutory undertaker as any person authorised by any enactment to carry out any railway, light railway, tramway, road transport, canal, inland navigation, dock, harbour or pier undertaking or any relevant airport operator. The New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 defines as Statutory Undertakes all utilities namely electricity, gas, water, telephone, cable telephone, television and other telecommunications companies.

135 Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Management Plan 2004-2009

Popular name given to the fungus Phytophthora ramorum, which infects foliar Sudden Oak Death (leaf) hosts such as Rhododendron and Viburnum and fatally infects bark canker hosts, principally oaks. First identified in Germany in 1993, and then US in 2001, SOD possibly threatens a number of British Deciduous varieties. Documents prepared to support and amplify policies in the development plan. Supplementary Planning Such guidance must be consistent with national and local planning policy Guidance (SPG) When equal consideration is made of the environmental, social and economic Sustainable impacts of a development or project. The widely used definition is "Development that meets the needs of the Sustainable Developmentpresent without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) note 25 - Development and flood risk seeks Sustainable Drainage to ensure that flood risk is considered on a catchment scale. It directly Plans (SUDS) identifies the potential for SUDS to reduce flooding downstream of developments and promotes the development of teamwork to encourage the incorporation of sustainable drainage in developments. It suggests that local authorities should work closely with the Environment Agency, sewerage undertakers, navigation authorities and prospective developers to enable surface water run-off to be controlled as near to the source as possible through SUDS. Non statutory document published in 1995 describing a framework for Sustainable Toursim recreation and tourism to occur in harmony with natural beauty and Strategy communities of the Wye Valley AONB A sustainable transport charity, working on practical projects to encourage Sustrans people to walk, cycle and use public transport in order to reduce motor traffic and its adverse effects. Agri-environment scheme in Wales, working on a whole farm approach. Tir gofal Describes the activity of people taking trips away from home and the industry Tourism which has developed in response to this activity. System by which all forms of development is planned and controlled. Currently Town and Country under government review with the introduction of Regional Spatial Strategies Planning System, (RSS) and Local Development Frameworks (LDF) Measures designed to improve the local environment through the reduction of Traffic Management accidents, injuries, congestion and pollution. Composite feature which seeks to characterise elements of wildness, solitude, Tranquillity peace and quiet, relating principally to low levels of built development, traffic, noise and artificial lighting. Grassland consisting of native grasses and herbs which have not been Unimproved Grassland significantly affected by treatment with mineral fertilizers, pesticides, intensive grazing or drainage. Organisations performing a public service i.e. Water, gas, electricity etc. Utilities Tree which by virtue of its great age, size or condition, is of exceptional value Veteran Tree whether in cultural terms, for its landscape contribution or for the benefit of wildlife. ‘Great age’ is further defined as an individual tree older than half the natural lifespan for that species. Publicly accessible positions from which particularly impressive scenic views Viewpoint can be enjoyed. Viewpoints are often associated with interpretive material. A North American concept for a discrete area which may be mapped or viewed Viewshed from one or more viewpoints which has inherent scenic qualities and/or aesthetic values as determined by those who view it. The immediate foreground of a viewshed often enjoys more consideration than the far distance or background. Building on the concept of the ‘Viewshed’ recent work in England has developed the concept of a Strategic View which either: • contains clear views of readily recognisable natural and/or built elements • has a role in defining the visual attractiveness, context or sense of place of an area • contains good examples of landscape unique to the area

136 Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Management Plan 2004-2009

Wetland Transitional areas between wet and dry environments; wetlands range from permanently or intermittently wet land to shallow water and water margins. The term can include marshes, swamps, bogs, some shallow waters and the intertidal zones. When applied to surface waters, it is generally restricted to areas shallow enough to allow the growth of rooted plants. Whole Farm Plans that consider individual farms as a whole, producing tailor-made Conservation Plans conservation plans considering farm type, location and any particular wildlife value, identifying adjustments to management practices that can significantly benefit wildlife. Wildlife Corridor A continuous feature, normally broadly linear, which facilitates the movement of wildlife through rural or urban environments. Woodland Grant Scheme A scheme administered by the Forestry Commission to provide grants to help create new woodlands and to encourage the good management and regeneration of existing woodlands. World Heritage Site A UNESCO Convention on the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage which encourages the designation of cultural and natural heritage sites. Wye Valley Area of One of the 50 AONBs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and covers 326 Outstanding Natural square kilometres of south Herefordshire, eastern Monmouthshire and western Beauty Gloucestershire for which this management plan has been produced.

Photo: ©Archie Miles

137 Maps

Map 1 Wye Valley Area of Outsatanding Natural Beauty (AONB)

Map 2 Designated Nature Conservation Sites in the Wye Valley AONB

Map 3 Scheduled Ancient Monuments in the Wye Valley AONB

Map 4 Landscaped Zones in the Wye Valley AONB

Further maps of the simplified geology, landform and woodland cover can be found in The Wye Valley Landscape - An assessment of the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, 1996, CCP 487, (ISBN 0 86170 461 4), available from Countryside Agency Publications, tel: 0870 120 6466 or www.countryside.gov.uk

Photo: AONB Unit

138 Reproduced from Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.LAO9069L

139 Reproduced from Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.LAO9069L

140 Reproduced from Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.LAO9069L

141 Reproduced from Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.LAO9069L

142 Photo: AONB Unit

143 We have also recorded people’s views on what it is like living in the AONB. These views have been used in the production of this statutory AONB Management Plan. Throughout 2002 and 2003 the AONB Unit consulted local people on how the natural beauty of the Wye Valley should be conserved and enhanced over the next five years and beyond.