Stowe Court Barns Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels Gloucestershire Archaeological Evaluation

for The Crown Estate

CA Project: 3999 CA Report: 12307

October 2012

Stowe Court Barns Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels Gloucestershire

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 3999 CA Report: 12307

prepared by Charlotte Haines, Project Supervisor

date 22 October 2012

checked by Cliff Bateman, Project Manager

date 06 November 2012

Gail Stoten, Principal Consultant approved by

date 07 November 2012

issue 01

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

© Cotswold Archaeology Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ t. 01285 771022 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

CONTENTS

SUMMARY...... 2

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 3

2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-14) ...... 6

3. DISCUSSION...... 13

4. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 15

5. REFERENCES ...... 15

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 16 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 21 APPENDIX C: LEVELS OF PRINCIPAL DEPOSITS AND STRUCTURES ...... 22 APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM...... 23

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan (1:250) Fig. 3 Trench 1; plan and photograph Fig. 4 Trench 2; plan, section and photograph Fig. 5 Trench 3; section and photograph Fig. 6 Trench 4; plan and section Fig. 7 Trench 5; photograph Fig. 8 Trench 6; plan and section Fig. 9 Trench 7; plan and section Fig. 10 Trench 8; section and photograph Fig. 11 Trench 9; section Fig. 12 Trench 11; section and photograph Fig. 13 Trench 12; plan Fig. 14 Trench 13; plan, elevation, section and photograph

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

SUMMARY

Project Name: Stowe Court Barns Location: Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire NGR: SO 5631 0634 Type: Evaluation Date: 9th -18th October 2012 Location of Archive: To be deposited with Dean Heritage Museum Site Code: STW12

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in October 2012 at the request of The Crown Estate at Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire. Fourteen trenches were excavated.

Human remains and walls pre-dating the current farm complex were identified throughout all but the northern limit of the site. The burials remained undated but are most probably associated, at least in part, with former Chapel of St Margaret. The majority of walls also remained undated, although pottery and ceramic ridge tile recovered from the earliest of the three walls within Trench 1 suggests construction in the 12th- to mid 13th-century.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In October 2012 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for the Crown Estate at Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire (centred on NGR: SO 5631 0634; Fig. 1). The evaluation was requested by Charles Parry, Senior Archaeological Officer, Gloucestershire County Council (GCC), archaeological advisor to Forest of Dean District Council, prior to determination of a planning application for conversion of the current agricultural buildings to residential usage.

1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2012) and approved by Charles Parry. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (IfA 2008), the Statement of Standards and Practices Appropriate for Archaeological Field Work in Gloucestershire (GCC 1996), the Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). It was monitored by Charles Parry.

The site

1.3 The site is approximately 3.7ha in area and comprises an area of land running roughly north-west/south-east. The south-western part of the site includes a complex of barns and other farm buildings that is being considered for residential conversion. One of these structures, an 18th-century barn, is Grade II Listed. A second Grade II Listed building, the remains of St Margaret’s Chapel, is present within the site, to the south of the historic barn complex. Access to the buildings is via a concrete-covered trackway that runs north-east/south-west along the south-eastern edge of the site. This trackway crosses a Scheduled Monument within the north-eastern area of the site. This monument is a tree-covered circular earthwork.

1.4 The solid geology of the site comprises Avon Group Limestone Sedimentary Bedrock. The site slopes steeply down from the south-east to the north-west.

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

Archaeological background

1.5 A desk-based assessment of the current site has previously been prepared by CA and reference should be made to that document for the full archaeological background (CA 2008). In summary, the site includes the ruinous Grade II Listed remains of the probable medieval Chapel of St Margaret and there is anecdotal evidence to suggest at least one nearby grave of possible contemporary date. As such, the area to the west of the probable chapel, where an ancient yew tree is present, has potential for associated archaeological remains of medieval date (ibid).

1.6 The extent of medieval settlement at Stowe is currently unknown, and there may be potential for domestic and agricultural structures close to the chapel site and Stowe Grange to the north. The presence of a possible building platform to the east of the farm complex may indicate such potential, although this may have later origins (ibid.).

1.7 A Scheduled Monument (GCC Monument 433: Camp NE of Stowe) in the north- eastern area of the site may also be of medieval date, although Iron Age and Early medieval dates have also been suggested. As well as the constraint represented by the monument itself, there may be potential in the vicinity for associated remains, although much disturbance within the vicinity has taken place through 19th-century quarrying. The route of the access track through the monument has been particularly disturbed by quarrying (ibid.).

1.8 The results of programmes of fieldwalking in the wider vicinity suggest that there may be potential for scatters of Mesolithic flint across the study area, although there is no evidence to suggest particular potential within the site (ibid.).

1.9 The complex of barns within the site is of post-medieval and modern date, and has been assessed separately (RKMA 2008). Two of these buildings, St Margaret’s Chapel and a post-medieval barn, are Grade II Listed, and all of the buildings are considered to be curtilage Listed (ibid.).

Archaeological objectives

1.10 The objectives of the evaluation were to establish the character, quality, date and extent of any archaeological remains or deposits surviving within the site. This

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

information will assist Forest of Dean District Council in making an informed judgement on the significance of the archaeological resource, and the likely impact upon it of the proposed development.

Methodology

1.11 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of 10 hand-dug test-pits, each measuring 1.5m by 1.5m within the existing buildings and the mechanical excavation of 4 trenches, each measuring 5m by 1.6m along the proposed drainage runs, each 5m by 1.6m (see Fig. 2 for location and extent). Trenches were set out by hand, using scale plans of the site to measure from fixed points.

1.12 The machine dug trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual (2007).

1.13 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites (2003), no deposits were identified that required sampling. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation (2010).

1.14 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will be deposited with Dean Heritage Museum, along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix D, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-14)

2.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts and finds are to be found in Appendices A and B respectively. Details of the relative heights of the principal deposits and features expressed as metres Above Ordnance Datum (m AOD) appear in Appendix C.

Trench 1 (Figs. 2 & 3) 2.2 Three structural phases predating the ruinous standing remains of the probable medieval chapel of St Margaret were identified in Trench 1. The earliest comprised east/west aligned limestone wall 115, within a construction cut 116, which cut natural clay substrate 117 at a depth of 0.47m below present ground level (bpgl). Four sherds of 12th- to 13th-century pottery and medieval ridge tile were recovered from the wall. Infill 114 within the construction cut for this wall was itself cut by further construction trenches for two later structures in the trench.

2.3 An undated wall or possible internal post pad 112 was observed in the northwest corner of the trench. Though the relationship between the construction cuts for these structures indicates that wall 112 is later than wall 115, the upstanding remains butt one another, suggesting the two structures may have been broadly contemporary. The third structural phase comprised north/south aligned wall 109 revealed adjacent to the eastern baulk of the trench. This wall also remained undated but had clearly truncated wall 115.

2.4 Internal wall/post pad 112 was abutted and sealed covered by a dump of limestone rubble, 107, from which a few small fragments of disarticulated human bone were recovered. A further levelling deposit, 106, comprising grey silty sand overlaid wall/post pad 112 in places and extended over the top of wall 109. These dumps are likely to represent levelling prior to the construction of extant walls 103 that are currently referred to as the chapel of St Margaret, with the material probably originating from the demolition of these earlier structures. These levelling deposits were cut by undated irregular linear gully 105 (n.i.).

2.5 Gully 105 and walls 109 and 115 were truncated by irregular, ovoid intrusion 102 in the north-eastern corner of the trench. Its interface with the walls was indicative of the robbing out of the structural remains. A T-shaped brooch recovered from fill 101 within this possible robber cut 101 dates to the early Roman period but is

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undoubtedly residual. A layer of dark grey silt, 100, containing fragments of tracery from the partially collapsed wall of the chapel of St Margaret 103 sealed the trench.

Trench 2 (Figs. 2 & 4) 2.6 Trench 2 was located in the north-eastern corner of the Chapel of St Margaret. Natural limestone bedrock 215 was exposed at 0.73m bpgl. The east/west aligned edge of grave 210 was exposed at this depth. Its red-brown silty clay fill, 208, was excavated to a depth of approximately 0.18m partially revealing in-situ and articulated skeletal remains 209. The grave fill was sealed covered by dark brown silt 207 which contained fragments of disarticulated human bone and which may represent a disturbed burial/graveyard soil. It was cut by a further, shallower, grave 213, the base of which lay at 0.44m bpgl. This later grave was only exposed in section after the full excavation of the fill of later intrusion 205 (see section 2.8 below).

2.7 Grave fill 211 was sealed by red brown silty clay and rubble 206 that may represent a levelling deposit for mortared surface 203. This surface was subsequently overlain by a thin layer of red brown sandy mortar, 201, indicative of a hard finish or repair to the underlying surface. The uppermost surface was seen to abut the northern and eastern standing walls, 214, of the building known as the Chapel of St Margaret, 214.

2.8 Mortared surface 201 was truncated by an undated intrusion, 205, the shape of which could not be fully established within the confines of the trench. It was sealed by a further possible surface, 202, which comprised soft brown yellow mortar and limestone fragments. The trench was covered by dark brown silt and limestone rubble 200 which contained a quantity of post medieval and modern ceramics and metalwork which were not retained.

Trench 3 (Figs. 2 & 5) 2.9 Natural limestone was observed at 0.93m bpgl overlain by an undated deposit of orange-brown clay silt with limestone rubble 305/306. This layer was cut by grave 304 within which skeleton 303 was interred. The grave was aligned east/west and over 0.6m in depth. Its fill, 302, was similar in appearance to the deposits 305/306 through which it was cut, suggesting this layer may represent earlier grave fills. No dating evidence was recovered from grave fill 302. The grave(s) was sealed by

7 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

made ground 301, a levelling deposit for compacted clay surface 300 within the extant granary building.

Trenches 4 and 5 (Figs. 2, 6 & 7) 2.10 The original floor surfaces of the threshing barn had been removed and the ground level throughout the building reduced prior to the excavation of Trenches 4 and 5, as evidenced by a scar on the internal surfaces of the standing walls. This truncation was most severe in the western part of the barn where Trench 5 was located, but was also apparent in the eastern part where Trench 4 was excavated.

Trench 4 2.11 Limestone bedrock was observed at 0.49m bpgl and was cut by the lower half of north-east/south-west aligned grave 406. Skeleton 406 was partially exposed within the grave and the bone preservation found to be good. The human remains were sealed by orange-brown sandy clay grave fill 407. The grave and natural substrate appeared to have been truncated either by levelling associated with the construction of the threshing barn or the subsequent reduction in the floor level (see 2.10 above).

2.12 A dumped layer of re-deposited orange brown natural clay 402 was packed over the grave and bedrock forming a compacted clay surface. A partially exposed sub– circular pit, 403, in the north-eastern corner of the trench post-dated the floor surface. It was filled by dark orange-brown sand 404 and contained medieval pottery and ironworking slag. The trench was sealed by a layer of rubble from the partial demolition/collapse of adjacent internal partition wall 400.

Trench 5 2.13 The acute horizontal truncation from the removal of floor surfaces and the reduction in ground level in this part of the barn resulted in the survival of only a small amount of material, trampled natural red clay 500, overlying the natural limestone bedrock 507. However an east/west aligned grave, located immediately to the west of the trench, survived this truncation and cut into the bedrock. The skull of skeleton 505 lying therein, protruded just above the level of the trampled natural clay. The grave was filled by re-deposited clay 504 from which a probable coffin nail was recovered. Along the southern and western limits of the excavation the truncated foundation trench, 503, for extant threshing barn walls 502 was observed. Disarticulated human bone, including fragments of skull, was recovered from fill 501 of construction trench 501.

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

Trench 6 (Figs. 2 & 8) 2.14 The earliest deposit encountered was grave fill 608 at 0.53m bpgl, within which two skeletons, 606 and 607, were partially exposed. A fragment of medieval ridge tile was also recovered from this deposit. Later grave 605, containing skeleton 604, cut in to the top of this deposit and contained grave fill 603 and skeleton 604. This was overlain by deposit 602, comprising significant amount of limestone slabs, that is possibly representative of a demolition layer. Foundation trench 610 for the extant agricultural building cut deposit 602 and contained brown-grey sandy silt 609. This was overlain by 601, a rubble make up layer for the extant concrete barn floor 600. Both 601 and 600 butted the extant South West Range walls.

Trench 7 (Figs. 2 & 9) 2.15 In-situ grave fills were the earliest deposits encountered in Trench 7 at a depth of 0.93m bpgl. Three probable intercutting graves, 708,709 and 710, were identified. The partial remains of skeleton 712 lay in stone-lined grave 709 along the southern edge of the trench Further fragmentary human remains, 713, were identified in grave fill 703 in the north-western corner of the trench. Both of these graves appeared in plan to have been cut by a third, stone-lined and north-east/south-west aligned grave, 708, within which skeleton 711 was interred. The human remains within these graves were not fully exposed by the evaluation. All the graves were sealed by red- brown silty clay deposit, 702 which was overlain by made ground 701, a levelling deposit for extant concrete barn floor 700.

Trench 8 (Figs. 2 & 10) 2.16 Natural limestone 805 was exposed at 0.62m bpgl and was sealed throughout much of the trench by large flat limestone slabs 804 that were bonded with clay. The slabs appeared to form a floor surface that extended beyond the southern and western limits of the trench. This surface was cut by the terminal end of north/south aligned grave 806, within which the lower legs and feet of skeleton 808 were exposed. The surface was also cut by a further intrusion in the north-eastern corner of the trench which could possibly be that of a further grave although no human remains were exposed within the limits of the trench. The fill of this feature, 810, was however, dissimilar to the fill of the adjacent grave 807, being largely comprised of limestone rubble. The grave, rubble filled feature and limestone surface were covered by levelling layer 803, comprising limestone rubble within a sandy clay matrix. This deposit was sealed by consecutive layers of concrete, hardcore and concrete, 802, 801 and 800 respectively. The earliest concrete surface pre-dates the modern

9 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

internal block-work partition wall of the shelter shed whilst the latter hardcore layer and concrete surface post-dated it.

Trench 9 (Figs. 2 & 11 2.17 The earliest deposit observed was limestone bedrock 906 revealed at a depth of 0.63m bpgl. It was overlain by undated limestone rubble 905 that may represent levelling of the slope that starts to drop away sharply to the north in this area. A possible east/west aligned ditch, 904, was observed cut into this layer along the northern edge of the trench. No dating evidence was recovered from its fill 903. Square posthole 908, also observed cutting rubble layer 905, is likely to be modern in origin possibly for a timber post supporting an internal stall associated with the existing building. The ditch and rubble were sealed by patches of yellow sandy mortar 902 which was subsequently covered by a compacted levelling layer 901 comprising clinker, ash and limestone fragments. This formed a bedding layer for cobbled barn floor 900. . Trench 10 (Figs. 2 &11) 2.18 Natural substrate was revealed in Trench 10 at a depth of 0.43m bpgl sealed by layers of clay and gravel, 1008, 1007 and 1006. A thin layer of grey clay, crushed limestone and gravel, 1005, overlay deposit 1006 and was in turn sealed by a thin layer of clay, 1004, that formed a bedding deposit for irregular cobbled surface 1003. This cobbled surface was overlain by a further layer of clay, 1002, which was the bedding for extant cobbled yard surface 1001. An accumulation of organic rich soil, 1000, overlay the cobbles.

Trench 11 (Figs. 2 & 12) 2.19 Trench 11 lay just to the south of the threshing barn in the courtyard. The earliest deposit encountered was limestone bedrock 1108, in a red clay matrix. It was cut by foundation trench 1106 for east/west aligned wall 1107. The wall foundations were constructed of large limestone slabs set on a layer of clay and rubble, 1106, from which fragments of human bone were recovered. Occasional dumps of rubble, 1102, were apparent overlying the natural substrate, and may derive from the demolition or collapse of wall 1107. The dumped rubble was cut in the north-eastern corner of the excavation area trench by east/west aligned foundation trench 1103 for the extant threshing barn wall. The rubble dumps, the foundation trench and natural substrate were sealed by modern made-ground 1101, which in turn was overlaid by modern concrete 1100 along the northern edge of the trench.

10 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

Trench 12 (Figs. 2 & 13) 2.20 Small areas of natural substrate, 1221, were identified at either end of Trench 12. At the southern end of the trench this comprised red clay whereas at the northern end of the trench it took the form of laminated limestone. The edge of a probable grave cut, 1208, was identified cutting the natural clay at the southern end of the trench and contained in-situ north/south aligned skeletal remains, 1207. This grave was cut by a later, probable east/west aligned, grave 1211. Articulated human remains were not clearly identified within this grave cut, but the large concentration of human bone in fill 1209 was suggestive of the presence of a significantly disturbed adult burial (1210). This east/west aligned grave 1208 cut a dump of rubble 1202 to the south, a layer which directly overlay natural 1221.

2.21 Both grave 1208 and 1211 were truncated by the foundation trench 1205 for a substantial north/south aligned wall, 1204. The wall was constructed of limestone slabs sitting on, and in, dark brown silty clay 1203. No dating evidence was recovered from the wall which was partially excavated. A probable corner to the wall was evident approximately half way down the trench as a north face was identified. A further two intercutting graves 1215 and 1218, both aligned east/west, were identified in the northern half of the trench. As with grave 1211, these graves were cut into rubble dumped deposit 1202. The graves were not fully excavated and it was not apparent whether the earlier of the two graves, 1218, contained articulated human remains, although large fragments of human bone were recovered from associated grave fill 1216. The skeletal remains of an adult interred with an infant, 1213 and 1214 respectively, were identified in the later of the two graves, 1215.

2.22 All the inhumations identified within this trench were very shallow and had suffered truncation in the modern era during excavation of service trench 1219 and the construction of concrete courtyard surface 1200.

Trench 13 (Figs. 2 & 14) 2.23 Trench 13 was located to the west of the barn complex. Natural clay substrate 1319 was exposed over much of the trench at an average of 0.66m bpgl. The earliest feature observed, at the southern end of the trench, was possible grave 1307. It contained mid brown silty clay 1308, and although no human remains were identified in the excavated part of the feature it is possible it may represent an east/west aligned grave as fill 1308 was very similar in appearance to the fill of a later grave, 1305, which cut it. The later grave was partially excavated and human remains

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1313 were found to lie in-situ therein. Both graves were truncated by the foundation trench 1302, for an undated, clay bonded, east/west aligned limestone wall 1304.

2.24 Three further intercutting features were identified in the central part of the trench. The earlier two features took the form of an undated possible infant inhumation, 1309, and shallow pit 1316. The fill of the pit, 1317, contained pottery dating to the 12th-13th century. Both features were cut by undated, truncated posthole or shallow pit 1314. At the northern limit of the trench curvilinear gully 1311, dating to the mid 13th to 14th century, was observed cutting the natural clays. All the archaeological features in Trench 13, including wall 1304, were sealed by a considerable quantity of limestone rubble, 1301 from which 13th-century pottery was recovered. This deposit possibly originates from the demolition wall 1304 and was sealed by topsoil 1300.

Trench 14 2.25 No archaeological features were observed in Trench 14. Natural substrate 1401 was exposed at a maximum depth of 0.40m bpgl and was sealed by topsoil 1400.

The Finds

2.26 The finds assemblage recovered from the evaluation is summarised in Appendix B. The pottery assemblage consisted of 15 sherds weighing 660g. In addition a copper- alloy brooch, worked flint, ironwork, iron-slag and ceramic building material were recorded. The finds assemblage relates to 11 stratified contexts and dates to the Roman, medieval and modern periods. The level of preservation was good, with the pottery displaying limited levels of abrasion.

Pottery: medieval 2.27 The medieval pottery assemblage consisted of 14 sherds weighing 297g. Sherds of Forest of Dean-type sandy unglazed wares were recorded from wall 115 and gully 1312, with Malvern unglazed ware being recovered from rubble 1301. A sherd from a jug, with strap stab-decorated handle stub was also recorded from rubble deposit 1301. The jug, almost certainly a Chepstow product, occurs in a fine oxidised fabric with rare quartz inclusions and a thick apple green glaze. A jar/cooking pot the same deposit occurs in a coarse sandy fabric and features an everted rim with internal moulding. All of the medieval pottery sherds were consistent with wares produced from the late 12th through to, and no later than, the mid 14th century.

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2.28 A large sherd from a stoneware jug, from overburden 200, was the only modern pottery within the assemblage and was of a late 19th- or early 20th- century date.

Other Finds 2.29 A fragmentary Roman T-shaped brooch of 1st to 2nd century date was recorded from fill 101 within robber trench 102 and was a residual find.

2.30 A residual prehistoric flint-flake was retrieved from wall 115 and could not be identified further.

2.31 Quantities of ironworking slag, which is indeterminate of process, were recorded from posthole fill 404 and grave fill 504. Iron nails were recorded from grave fill 504 and gully fill 1312. Both were of handmade type with squared shafts. That from deposit 1312 is a horseshoe nail of ‘fiddle-type’ and as such dateable to the earlier medieval period, probably the 12th or 13th centuries.

2.32 A small quantity of ceramic building material was retrieved from wall 115 and fill 608 of the foundation trench for the extant threshing barn. All were ridge tile fragments of medieval date.

Animal bone 2.33 One single animal bone was identified. This was a fragment of a mature cattle rib (Bos taurus),recovered from posthole fill 404.

3. DISCUSSION

3.1 The evaluation identified inhumations extending over an area in excess of 30m to the north and east of the building accredited as being the Chapel of St Margaret. A number of the burials were found to truncate one another and some were found on alignments other than east/west. Such evidence suggests the presence of a significant and extensive cemetery which was in use over a prolonged period. Although no dating evidence was recovered from any of the burials it is considered likely that they are associated, at least in part, with the documented medieval chapel. However, the possibility that the burials are earlier and that the medieval chapel is founded on an earlier graveyard should not be overlooked. In addition to

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the quantity of burials and the extent of the graveyard, the presence of two infant burials, one in Trench 12 and the other in Trench 13, may suggest that the site was used as a cemetery servicing a local population rather than solely serving the on-site requirements of a possible monastic grange or hermitage (RKMA 2008).

3.2 An undated limestone slab surface recorded in Trench 8 appeared to predate a burial in that area and may suggest that structures of unknown function were extant on the site prior to the use of the area as a cemetery.

3.3 The evaluation also identified structural remains predating the ruinous building accredited on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map as the Chapel of St Margaret (ibid.). The presence of fragments of medieval tracery built into the current walls of the standing building, coupled with the lack of evidence for a window in the eastern gable wall, casts doubt as to whether the standing structure is genuinely that of the medieval chapel, as queried in the 2008 Outline Architectural and Archaeological Assessment (ibid.). In addition, the presence of at least three earlier phases of construction identified in Trench 1 suggests that the medieval chapel may have been demolished or fell into disrepair and was subsequently replaced, at least in part, by the extant, later structure which may have functioned solely as an agricultural building. Pottery and ceramic ridge tile recovered from the earliest of the three walls within Trench 1 suggests construction in the 12th- to mid 13th-century.

3.4 Three further walls were identified at the site in Trenches 11, 12 and 13. Those in Trenches 12 and 13 were proven to post-date inhumations, whilst the east/west aligned wall in Trench 11 was similar in appearance and perpendicular to the wall in Trench 12 and may be contemporaneous with it. It is possible these structures, all of which are substantial in appearance, are remnants of buildings associated with the medieval chapel. The presence of rubble spreads sealing and abutting walls in Trenches 11 and 13 suggest these structures were levelled prior to construction of the existing farm buildings.

3.5 Further evidence for medieval settlement broadly contemporary with the cemetery was identified in Trench 13 in the form of a curvilinear gully and two possible postholes which date to the 12th to 14th centuries.

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4. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Charlotte Haines, assisted by Chris Leonard, Anthony Beechey, Stephanie Vincent, Jerry Stone, Hazel O’Neill, Noel Boothroyd, Tom Weavill and Jess Cook. The report was written by Charlotte Haines. The illustrations were prepared by Ian Atkins. The archive has been compiled by Charlotte Haines, and prepared for deposition by James Johnson. The project was managed for CA by Cliff Bateman

5. REFERENCES

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2012 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyviewer_google/googleviewer.html

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2012 Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels Gloucestershire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Evaluation

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2008 Stowe Barns, St Briavels, Gloucestershire. Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment. CA typescript report 08101

RKMA (Richard K Morriss and Associates) 2008 Stowe Grange Farm, St Briavels, Gloucestershire, An Outline Architectural and Archaeological Assessment, Mercian Heritage Series 384

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APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench 1

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 100 Layer Modern farmyard debris >1.50 >1.50 0.20 101 Fill Fill of robber trench 102 1.40 1.20 0.15 102 Cut Cut of robber trench 1.40 1.20 0.15 103 Masonry Post Med standing wall 6.00 0.90 1.10 104 Fill Fill of gully 105 >1.50 0.62 0.17 105 Cut Cut of N/S gully >1.50 0.62 0.17 106 Layer Levelling layer >1.50 0.50 0.08 107 Layer Levelling layer 0.63 0.51 0.22 108 Fill Fill of construction cut 110 0.35 0.07 109 Masonry N/S wall >1.50 0.65 0.24 110 Cut Construction cut for 109 >1.50 0.65 111 Fill Fill of construction cut 113 0.40 0.10 112 Masonry N/S wall 0.57 0.55 0.30 113 Cut Construction cut for 112 0.40 0.60 114 Fill Fill of construction cut 116 0.30 0.25 115 Masonry E/W wall 0.93 0.90 0.40 116 Cut Construction cut for 115 0.30 1.12 117 Layer Natural

Trench 2

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 200 Layer Modern overburden >1.50 >1.50 0.18 201 Layer Hard mortar surface >1.50 >1.50 0.08 202 Layer Soft mortar and stone surface >1.50 >1.50 0.11 203 Layer Hard mortar and sand surface >1.50 >1.50 0.12 204 Fill Fill of 205 1.10 0.90 0.18 205 Cut Cut of pit 1.10 0.90 0.18 206 Layer Reddish brown silty clay >0.85 0.90 0.27 207 Layer Dark brown silt. Graveyard soils >0.89 >1.00 0.24 208 Fill Fill of grave 210 >0.85 0.54 >0.13 209 Skel Skeleton in 210 >0.08 >0.06 210 Cut Grave for skeleton 209 >0.85 0.54 >0.13 211 Fill Fill of grave 213 >0.69 >0.01 0.11 212 Skel Skeleton in 213 >0.11 >0.07 213 Cut Grave for skeleton 212 >0.69 >0.01 0.11 214 Mas Standing walls to east and north of test pit 215 Layer Natural >0.04

Trench 3

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 300 Layer Modern farmyard debris 0.05 301 Layer Made ground. Orangey brown clay silt. 0.38

16 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

302 Fill Fill of grave 304 303 Skel Skeleton in 304 >1.50 0.53 304 Cut Grave for skeleton 303 >1.50 0.91 >0.60

Trench 4

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 400 Layer Demolition layer 0.30 401 Masonry Standing wall 0.22 402 Layer Packed dirt surface 0.29 403 Cut Cut of possible pit 1.08 1.07 0.25 404 Fill Fill of 403 1.08 1.07 0.25 405 Layer Natural 406 Cut Grave for skeleton 408 0.95 0.60 407 Fill Fill of grave 406 0.95 0.60 408 Skel Skeleton in 406 0.76 0.40 409 Cut Horizontal truncation across test pit

Trench 5

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 500 Layer Re-deposited/exposed natural and farm debris 0.05 501 Fill Fill of 503 502 Masonry Threshing barn wall 503 Cut Construction cut for 502 504 Fill Fill of grave 506 1.90 1.08 0.08 505 Skel Skeleton in 506 506 Cut Grave for skeleton 505 1.90 1.08 0.08

Trench 6

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 600 Layer Concrete surface 0.05 601 Layer Hardcore make up for 600 0.18 602 Layer Limestone fragments in clayey silt 0.33 603 Fill Fill of grave 605 >0.85 0.45 604 Skel Skeleton in 605 >0.85 0.45 605 Cut Grave for skeleton 604 >0.85 0.45 606 Skel Skeleton covered by 608 607 Skel Skeleton covered by 608 >0.40 >0.20 608 Layer Mid brown clayey silt, graveyard soils? >1.5 >1.5 609 Fill Fill of 610 >1.5 >0.12 >0.18 610 Cut Construction cut for standing barn walls >1.5 >0.12 >0.18

Trench 7

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 700 Layer Concrete barn surface 0.16 701 Layer Hardcore made ground for 700 0.37

17 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

702 Layer Reddish brown silty clay >1.50 >1.50 0.08 703 Fill Fill of grave 710 0.54 1.18 0.33 704 Deposit Stone lining for grave 709 >1.50 0.50 0.06 705 Fill Fill of grave 709 >1.50 >0.23 >0.19 706 Fill Fill of grave 708 >1.50 0.73 >0.25 707 Deposit Stone lining of grave 708 >1.50 0.47 >0.10 708 Cut Grave cut for skeleton 711 >1.50 0.64 >0.25 709 Cut Grave cut for skeleton 712 710 Cut Grave cut for skeleton 713 711 Skel Skeleton in grave 708 712 Skel Skeleton in grave 709 1.20 0.10 713 Skel Skeleton in grave 710

Trench 8

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 800 Layer Concrete floor 0.05 801 Layer Hardcore levelling for 800 0.15 802 Layer Surface for c19th sheds 0.05 803 Layer Levelling for 802 0.46 804 Layer Limestone slab surface 1.10 1.00 0.09 805 Layer Natural 806 Cut Grave for skeleton 807 0.50 0.45 0.16 807 Fill Fill of grave 806 0.50 0.45 0.16 808 Skel Skeleton in grave 806 809 Cut Small pit or posthole 0.51 0.46 0.26 810 Fill Fill of 809 0.51 0.46 0.26

Trench 9

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 900 Masonry C19th cobbled surface 0.15 901 Layer Levelling for 901 0.10 902 Layer Sandy mortar, bedding for 900 0.03 903 Fill Fill of 904 0.45 0.47 904 Cut Cut of linear 0.45 0.47 905 Layer Levelling deposit 1.30 0.48

Trench 10

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 1000 Layer Topsoil 0.03 1001 Layer Cobbled surface 0.27 1002 Layer Levelling for 1001 0.08 1003 Layer Cemented cobbled surface 0.14 1004 Layer Brownish red clay 0.04 1005 Layer Mid grey cemented layer, possible surface 0.03 1006 Layer Brownish red silty clay 0.15 1007 Layer Brownish grey clay, possible surface 0.02

18 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

1008 Layer Brownish red silty clay 0.07 1009 Layer Natural

Trench 11

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 1100 Layer Concrete surface >5.00 >1.00 0.08 1101 Layer Made ground for 1100 >5.00 >1.70 >0.36 1102 Deposit Dump of limestone rubble >0.70 >0.60 0.40 1103 Cut Construction cut for threshing barn wall 1104 Fill Fill of 1103 1105 Cut Construction cut for 1107 >2.40 1.05 0.31 1106 Fill Rubble foundation for 1107 >2.40 1.05 0.31 1107 Masonry E/W wall >2.40 0.90 0.20

Trench 12

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 1200 Layer Concrete surface 0.05 1201 Layer Levelling for 1200 0.45 1202 Deposit Dump of rubble 1203 Fill Fill of 1205 >2.60 >1.20 0.36 1204 Masonry NW/SE wall >2.60 >1.20 0.36 1205 Cut Construction cut for 1204 >2.60 >1.20 0.36 1206 Fill Fill of grave 1208 >1.22 >0.88 1207 Skel Skeleton in 1208 0.88 0.50 1208 Cut Grave for skeleton 1207 >1.22 >0.88 1209 Fill Fill of grave 1211 >1.14 0.78 1210 Skel Skeleton in 1211 >1.53 0.74 1211 Cut Grave for skeleton 1210 >1.14 0.78 1212 Fill Fill of grave 1215 >1.08 0.66 1213 Skel Skeleton in 1215 1.04 0.20 1214 Skel Skeleton in 1215 0.20 0.16 1215 Cut Grave for skeletons 1213 and 1214 >1.08 0.66 1216 Fill Fill of grave 1218 >0.82 0.62 1217 Skel Skeleton in 1218 0.74 0.28 1218 Cut Grave for skeleton 1217 >0.82 0.62 1219 Fill Fill of 1220 1220 Cut Modern cut for pipe 1221 Layer Natural >0.10

Trench 13

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 1300 Layer Topsoil 0.24 1301 Layer Rubble, demolition layer 0.44 1302 Cut Construction cut for 1304 >1.80 >0.90 0.34 1303 Fill Fill of 1302 >1.80 >0.90 0.34 1304 Masonry E/W wall >1.80 0.60 0.41

19 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

1305 Cut Grave for skeleton 1313 >1.28 0.66 >0.46 1306 Fill Fill of grave 1305 >1.28 0.66 >0.46 1307 Cut Cut of unclear feature >1.80 >0.70 >0.30 1308 FIll Fill of 1307 >1.80 >0.70 >0.30 1309 Cut Grave for skeleton 1318 >0.64 0.40 0.20 1310 Fill Fill of grave 1309 >0.64 0.40 0.20 1311 Cut Cut of gully >2.10 0.40 0.11 1312 Fill Fill of 1311 >2.10 0.40 0.11 1313 Skel Skeleton in grave 1305 >0.30 0.30 1314 Cut Cut of posthole 0.60 0.46 0.16 1315 Fill Fill of 1314 0.60 0.46 0.16 1316 Cut Cut of posthole >0.57 0.60 0.11 1317 Fill Fill of 1316 >0.57 0.60 0.11 1318 Skel Skeleton in grave 1309 >0.32 0.24 1319 Layer Natural >0.04

Trench 14

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 1400 Layer Topsoil 0.40 1401 Layer Natural >0.40

20 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Context Description Ct. Wt. Date 101 Copper-alloy: brooch (Ra 1) 1 4 C1-C2 115 Medieval pottery: Worcester-type sandy unglazed ware; sandy 4 17 C12-MC13 glazed ware; reduced sandy ware Ceramic building material: ridge tile 2 12 Lithic material: flint flake 1 4 200 Modern pottery: late stoneware 1 363 LC19-EC20 404 Medieval pottery: unglazed sandy fabric 1 10 C13 Iron: slag 1 59 Animal bone: cattle rib 1 5 504 Iron: nail (Ra 5.1); slag 2 19 1106 Medieval pottery: polycrystalline sandstone and quartz 2 2 1301 Medieval pottery: ?Malvernian unglazed ware: fine green 2 206 C13 glazed jug fabric 1312 Medieval pottery: sandy unglazed fabric; ?Worcester-type 4 51 sandy unglazed ware 1 10 Fired clay 1 9 Iron: nail 1 9 1317 Medieval pottery: sparse quartz-tempered fabric 1 11 C12-C13 6008 Ceramic building material: ridge tile 1 94 Medieval

21 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX C: LEVELS OF PRINCIPAL DEPOSITS AND STRUCTURES

Levels are expressed as metres below current ground level and as metres Above Ordnance Datum (AOD),.

Current Top of Top of Top of Top of natural ground level archaeological burial human substrate (cgl) deposits remains Trench 1 0.00m 0.17m N/a N/a 0.47m (188.47m) (188.30m) (187.90m) Trench 2 0.00m 0.33m 0.64m 0.64m 0.73m (188.41m) (188.08m) (187.77m) (187.77m) (187.62m)

Trench 3 0.00m 0.43m 0.43m 0.94m 0.93m (187.73m) (187.30m) (187.30m) (186.79m) (186.80m) Trench 4 0.00m 0.20m 0.41m 0.55m 0.49m (186.59m) (186.39m) (186.18m) (186.04m) (186.10m) Trench 5 (NB 0.00m +0.03m +0.03m +0.03m 0.00m Human remains (186.29m) (186.32m) (186.32m) (186.32m) (186.29m) protrude above cgl) Trench 6 0.00m 0.16m 0.16m 0.53m Not exposed (188.21m) (188.05m) (188.05m) (187.68m) Trench 7 0.00m 0.53m 0.60m 0.79m Not exposed (187.62m) (187.09) (187.02m) (186.83m) Trench 8 0.00m 0.38m 0.38m 0.53m 0.62m (187.39m) (186.93m) (186.93m) (186.78m) (186.77m) Trench 9 0.00m 0.19m N/a N/a 0.63m (185.74m) (185.53m) (185.11m) Trench 10 0.00m 0.19m N/a N/a 0.43m (184.60m) (184.41m) (184.17m) Trench 11 0.00m 0.48m N/a N/a NW 0.57m (NW 187.05m) (186.57m) (NW 186.48m) (SE 186.83m) SE 0.30m (SE 186.53m) Trench 12 0.00m 0.25m (0.39m) (0.39m) N 0.21m (N 187.26m) (187.65m) (187.51m) (187.51m) (N 187.05m) (S 187.90m) S 0.35m (S 187.55m) Trench 13 0.00m 0.44m 0.46m 0.93m S not exposed (N 186.72m) (186.93m) (183.17m) (186.24m) N 0.66m (S 187.30m) (N 186.19m) Trench 14 0.00m N/a N/a N/a NE 0.40m (NE 184.89m) (NE184.49m) (SW 185.54m) SW 0.15m (SW 185.39m)

Upper figures are depth below modern ground level; lower figures in parentheses are metres AOD.

22 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Stowe Court Barns Short description (250 words maximum) An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in October 2012 at the request of The Crown Estate at Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire. Fourteen trenches were excavated.

Project dates 9th -18th October 2012 Project type Field Evaluation Previous work CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2008 Stowe Barns, St Briavels, Gloucestershire. Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment. CA typescript report 08101

RKMA (Richard K Morriss and Associates) 2008 Stowe Grange Farm, St Briavels, Gloucestershire, An Outline Architectural and Archaeological Assessment, Mercian Heritage Series 384 Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire Study area (M2/ha) 3.7ha Site co-ordinates (8 Fig Grid Reference) SO 5631 0634

PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator None Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology

Project Manager Cliff Bateman Project Supervisor Charlotte Haines MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS Human remains and possible medieval walls PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content (museum/Accession no.) Physical Dean Heritage Museum Ceramics, metalwork, CBM, slag, lithics, animal bone Paper Dean Heritage Museum Context sheets, trench sheets, permatrace drawings, levels registers, photographic registers, registered artefact index, skeleton recording sheets Digital Dean Heritage Museum Digital photos BIBLIOGRAPHY

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2012 Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 12307

23 site

N Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Gloucestershire Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Site location plan

0 1km

FIGURE NO. Reproduced from the 2002 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with PROJECT NO. 3999 DATE 31-10-2012 the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1

natural 117

wall construction cut 112 116

114

wall 119

wall 115

01m

wall 103

wall 115

wall 109

Trench 1, looking west (scales 1m and 0.4m)

Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk wall e [email protected] PROJECT TITLE Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 1; plan and photograph

PROJECT NO. 3999 DATE 23-10-2012 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 1:20 3 N

A grave

sk 212 201

sk 209

grave fill 208

210

205 natural 215

01m

Section BB

W EN S surface 201 188m Trench 2, looking north-west (scale 1m) AOD surface 203 206 206 sk 212

211 207 207 grave cut 213 sk 209 208 grave cut 210

Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 01m Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 2; plan, section and photograph

PROJECT NO. 3999 DATE 24-10-2012 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 1:20 4 Section CC 300 S N

187.5m 301 AOD

305

306 302 grave cut 304

304 303

01m

Trench 3, looking north (scale 1m)

Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk grave e [email protected] possible grave PROJECT TITLE Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 3; section and photograph

PROJECT NO. 3999 DATE 24-10-2012 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 1:20 5 N

D grave

406

natural 405

sk 408

Section DD

E WS N W E 186.5m AOD 400

01m 402 404 409

407 403 406 Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 4; plan and section

PROJECT NO. 3999 DATE 24-10-2012 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 1:20 6 7

Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 7 Trench 5, looking south-west (scales 1m) Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Photograph

PROJECT NO. 3999 DATE 24-10-2012 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 N/A 7 N

607

sk 606

608

610

609 603

sk 604

sk 607 grave cut 605

Section KK

600

S 601 N

188m 609 AOD 610 602 608

Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk grave e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 6; plan and section

01mPROJECT NO. 3999 DATE 07-11-2012 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 1:20 8 E

703 grave cut 708

706

707

grave cut 709

705

sk 712 704

701

Section EE

S S 700 187.5m AOD

701

702

grave cut 705 grave cut 709 706 708 703 stone lining 704 sk 712 stone lining 707

N Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk grave e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 7; plan and section

PROJECT NO. 3999 DATE 24-10-2012 FIGURE NO. 01mDRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 1:20 9 Section FF S NW E 800

801 802

187m AOD 803 grave cut surface 806 807 804 804 810 sk 808 809

01m

surface 804

Trench 8, looking west (scale 1m)

N Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk grave e [email protected] possible grave PROJECT TITLE Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 8; section and photograph

PROJECT NO. 3999 DATE 24-10-2012 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 1:20 10 Section GG SE

900

N 901 W 185.5m 902 AOD 902 903 ?ditch 904 905

906

Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 9; section

PROJECT NO. 3999 DATE 24-10-2012 FIGURE NO. 01mDRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 1:20 11 Section HH

SW NE NW SE 187m AOD 1100 1101

1100

demolition rubble 1102 1101 1104 1103 demolition rubble 1103 1106 1102 wall 1107 1105

concrete 01m wall

wall 1107

Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 11, looking north-west (scales 1m) Trench 11; section and photograph

PROJECT NO. 3999 DATE 24-10-2012 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 1:20 12 N

wall modern grave

1209 natural 1218 wall 1221 1204 natural 1221 sk 1217 sk 1210 natural 1221 wall 1204

1211

sk 1214

1205 sk 1213

1202

1211 1202 sk 1207 natural 1221 sk 1210 1215 1208 1211 1212 1206

01m

Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 12; plan

PROJECT NO. 3999 DATE 31-10-2012 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 1:20 13 Trench 13; plan N I

1305

1306 sk 1318 1308 grave cut 1309 sk 1313 1311 1310 1317

1315 natural J 1319 J

wall 1306 1304

1312 1316 1314 grave cut 1305 1308

natural 1301 1307 1319

01m Trench 13, looking south (scales 1m)

Elevation II

Section JJ E W wall 187m rubble AOD S S grave wall 187m 1300 1304 AOD possible grave

1303 1301 wall 1304 1302 1301 Cirencester 01285 771022 1308 1306 grave cut 1310 1305 1312 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 1308 grave cut 1311 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 1309 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE 01m Trench 13; plan, elevation, section and photograph

PROJECT NO. 3999 DATE 31-09-2012 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 1:20 14