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Stowe Court Barns Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels Gloucestershire Archaeological Evaluation

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Stowe Court Barns Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels Gloucestershire Archaeological Evaluation Stowe Court Barns Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels Gloucestershire Archaeological Evaluation for The Crown Estate CA Project: 3999 CA Report: 12307 October 2012 Stowe Court Barns Stowe Hill (North Side) St Briavels Gloucestershire Archaeological Evaluation CA Project: 3999 CA Report: 12307 prepared by Charlotte Haines, Project Supervisor date 22 October 2012 checked by Cliff Bateman, Project Manager date 06 November 2012 Gail Stoten, Principal Consultant approved by date 07 November 2012 issue 01 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ t. 01285 771022 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation CONTENTS SUMMARY........................................................................................................................ 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3 2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-14) ........................................................................................ 6 3. DISCUSSION....................................................................................................... 13 4. CA PROJECT TEAM ........................................................................................... 15 5. REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 15 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ..................................................................... 16 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ............................................................................................... 21 APPENDIX C: LEVELS OF PRINCIPAL DEPOSITS AND STRUCTURES ..................... 22 APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM............................................................................ 23 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan (1:250) Fig. 3 Trench 1; plan and photograph Fig. 4 Trench 2; plan, section and photograph Fig. 5 Trench 3; section and photograph Fig. 6 Trench 4; plan and section Fig. 7 Trench 5; photograph Fig. 8 Trench 6; plan and section Fig. 9 Trench 7; plan and section Fig. 10 Trench 8; section and photograph Fig. 11 Trench 9; section Fig. 12 Trench 11; section and photograph Fig. 13 Trench 12; plan Fig. 14 Trench 13; plan, elevation, section and photograph 1 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation SUMMARY Project Name: Stowe Court Barns Location: Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire NGR: SO 5631 0634 Type: Evaluation Date: 9th -18th October 2012 Location of Archive: To be deposited with Dean Heritage Museum Site Code: STW12 An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in October 2012 at the request of The Crown Estate at Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire. Fourteen trenches were excavated. Human remains and walls pre-dating the current farm complex were identified throughout all but the northern limit of the site. The burials remained undated but are most probably associated, at least in part, with former Chapel of St Margaret. The majority of walls also remained undated, although pottery and ceramic ridge tile recovered from the earliest of the three walls within Trench 1 suggests construction in the 12th- to mid 13th-century. 2 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 In October 2012 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for the Crown Estate at Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire (centred on NGR: SO 5631 0634; Fig. 1). The evaluation was requested by Charles Parry, Senior Archaeological Officer, Gloucestershire County Council (GCC), archaeological advisor to Forest of Dean District Council, prior to determination of a planning application for conversion of the current agricultural buildings to residential usage. 1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2012) and approved by Charles Parry. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (IfA 2008), the Statement of Standards and Practices Appropriate for Archaeological Field Work in Gloucestershire (GCC 1996), the Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). It was monitored by Charles Parry. The site 1.3 The site is approximately 3.7ha in area and comprises an area of land running roughly north-west/south-east. The south-western part of the site includes a complex of barns and other farm buildings that is being considered for residential conversion. One of these structures, an 18th-century barn, is Grade II Listed. A second Grade II Listed building, the remains of St Margaret’s Chapel, is present within the site, to the south of the historic barn complex. Access to the buildings is via a concrete-covered trackway that runs north-east/south-west along the south-eastern edge of the site. This trackway crosses a Scheduled Monument within the north-eastern area of the site. This monument is a tree-covered circular earthwork. 1.4 The solid geology of the site comprises Avon Group Limestone Sedimentary Bedrock. The site slopes steeply down from the south-east to the north-west. 3 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation Archaeological background 1.5 A desk-based assessment of the current site has previously been prepared by CA and reference should be made to that document for the full archaeological background (CA 2008). In summary, the site includes the ruinous Grade II Listed remains of the probable medieval Chapel of St Margaret and there is anecdotal evidence to suggest at least one nearby grave of possible contemporary date. As such, the area to the west of the probable chapel, where an ancient yew tree is present, has potential for associated archaeological remains of medieval date (ibid). 1.6 The extent of medieval settlement at Stowe is currently unknown, and there may be potential for domestic and agricultural structures close to the chapel site and Stowe Grange to the north. The presence of a possible building platform to the east of the farm complex may indicate such potential, although this may have later origins (ibid.). 1.7 A Scheduled Monument (GCC Monument 433: Camp NE of Stowe) in the north- eastern area of the site may also be of medieval date, although Iron Age and Early medieval dates have also been suggested. As well as the constraint represented by the monument itself, there may be potential in the vicinity for associated remains, although much disturbance within the vicinity has taken place through 19th-century quarrying. The route of the access track through the monument has been particularly disturbed by quarrying (ibid.). 1.8 The results of programmes of fieldwalking in the wider vicinity suggest that there may be potential for scatters of Mesolithic flint across the study area, although there is no evidence to suggest particular potential within the site (ibid.). 1.9 The complex of barns within the site is of post-medieval and modern date, and has been assessed separately (RKMA 2008). Two of these buildings, St Margaret’s Chapel and a post-medieval barn, are Grade II Listed, and all of the buildings are considered to be curtilage Listed (ibid.). Archaeological objectives 1.10 The objectives of the evaluation were to establish the character, quality, date and extent of any archaeological remains or deposits surviving within the site. This 4 © Cotswold Archaeology Stowe Court Barns, Stowe Hill (North Side), St Briavels, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation information will assist Forest of Dean District Council in making an informed judgement on the significance of the archaeological resource, and the likely impact upon it of the proposed development. Methodology 1.11 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of 10 hand-dug test-pits, each measuring 1.5m by 1.5m within the existing buildings and the mechanical excavation of 4 trenches, each measuring 5m by 1.6m along the proposed drainage runs, each 5m by 1.6m (see Fig. 2 for location and extent). Trenches were set out by hand, using scale plans of the site to measure from fixed points. 1.12 The machine dug trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual (2007). 1.13 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual
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