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UCE-FCB-CB-López Angélica.Pdf UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS CARRERA DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES Diversidad y distribución biogeográfica de moluscos terrestres del cantón Pedro Moncayo, Quito-Ecuador Trabajo de Titulación modalidad Proyecto de Investigación presentado como requisito previo a la obtención del Título de Licenciado/a en Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Autora: Angélica Lizeth López Orozco Tutora: Dra. Marcela Coello Rodríguez Quito, 2020 DERECHOS DE AUTOR Yo, Angélica Lizeth López Orozco en calidad de autora y titular de los derechos morales y patrimoniales del trabajo de titulación: “Diversidad y distribución biogeográfica de moluscos terrestres del cantón Pedro Moncayo, Quito-Ecuador”, modalidad Proyecto de investigación, de conformidad con el Art. 114 del CÓDIGO ORGÁNICO DE LA ECONOMÍA SOCIAL DE LOS CONOCIMIENTOS, CREATIVIDAD E INNOVACIÓN, concedemos a favor de la Universidad Central del Ecuador una licencia gratuita, intransferible y no exclusiva para el uso no comercial de la obra, con fines estrictamente académicos. Conservo a mi favor todos los derechos de autor sobre la obra, establecidos en la normativa citada. Así mismo, autorizo a la Universidad Central del Ecuador para que realice la digitalización y publicación de este trabajo de titulación en el repositorio virtual, de conformidad a lo dispuesto en el Art. 144 de la Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior. La autora declara que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original en su forma de expresión y no infringe el derecho de autor de terceros, asumiendo la responsabilidad por cualquier reclamación que pudiera presentarse por esta causa y liberando a la Universidad de toda responsabilidad. Firma: ____________________________ Angélica Lizeth López Orozco C.C.: 1722402458 Dirección electrónica: [email protected] ii APROBACIÓN DEL TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN POR PARTE DEL TUTOR Yo, Gladys Marcela Coello Rodríguez, en mi calidad de tutora del trabajo de titulación, modalidad: proyecto de investigación elaborado por Angélica Lizeth López Orozco; cuyo título es: Diversidad y distribución biogeográfica de moluscos terrestres del cantón Pedro Moncayo, Quito-Ecuador, previo a la obtención del Grado de Licenciada de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales; considero que el mismo reúne los requisitos y méritos necesarios en el campo metodológico y epistemológico, para ser sometido a la evaluación por parte del tribunal examinador que se designe, por lo que lo APRUEBO, a fin de que el trabajo sea habilitado para continuar con el proceso de titulación determinado por la Universidad Central del Ecuador. En la ciudad de Quito a los 28 días del mes de enero del año 2021 Firma Gladys Marcela Coello Rodríguez DOCENTE TUTORA C.C.: 1705464354 iii AGRADECIMIENTOS A Dios, por ser el inspirador y darme fuerza para continuar en este proceso, su amor y su bondad no tienen fin, me permite sonreír ante todos mis logros que son resultado de su ayuda. A mis padres Israel y Rocío por brindarme una vida llena de aprendizajes, experiencias y sobre todo felicidad; porque con su amor, apoyo y bondad, lo complicado de cumplir esta meta se ha notado menos; muchas gracias por hacerme su prioridad incluso antes que ustedes y por siempre confiar en mí. A mis hermanas Priscila, Shaely y Jennifer gracias por cada palabra de apoyo en el momento correcto; por ser mis amigas y hermanas quienes siempre supieron cómo darle luz a los oscuros momentos de la vida, por ellas cumplí cada meta sin desfallecer. Son un regalo para mi vida. Además, a mi bebé Aarón por ser la mejor compañía en las noches de estudio. A mis amigas Josselyn, Daryl y Carolina porque con su amistad hicieron que los largos días de estudio fueran más llevaderos; con su amistad esta etapa universitaria fue la mejor. Un reconocimiento especial al Doctor Modesto Correoso y a la Doctora Marcela Coello, mis maestros que han marcado mi vida con sus enseñanzas para el futuro, los cuales me brindaron su ayuda, confianza, paciencia y guiaron mis ideas, los dos han sido un aporte invaluable en este largo camino, mis infinitas Gracias. iv ÍNDICE GENERAL pág. DERECHOS DE AUTOR ........................................................................................................ ii APROBACIÓN DEL TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN POR PARTE DEL TUTOR ................iii AGRADECIMIENTOS ............................................................................................................ iv LISTA DE TABLAS ................................................................................................................ vi LISTA DE FIGURAS .............................................................................................................. vii LISTA DE ANEXOS .............................................................................................................. viii RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................................x INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................... 1 METODOLOGÍA ..................................................................................................................... 7 Área de estudio: .................................................................................................................... 7 Diseño de estudio ................................................................................................................ 10 Población y muestra ............................................................................................................ 10 Ubicación geográfica de moluscos mediante puntos GPS .............................................. 11 Análisis estadístico .............................................................................................................. 14 Riqueza específica (S) ......................................................................................................... 15 Curva de dominancia contra diversidad .............................................................................. 15 Índices de abundancia ......................................................................................................... 15 Índice de diversidad de Margalef .................................................................................... 15 Índice de Simpson ........................................................................................................... 15 Índice de Shannon ........................................................................................................... 16 Resultados ............................................................................................................................... 16 Distribución y riqueza de moluscos del cantón Pedro Moncayo ........................................ 16 Curva de acumulación de especies...................................................................................... 22 DISCUSIÓN ........................................................................................................................... 23 CONCLUSIONES .................................................................................................................. 29 RECOMENDACIONES ......................................................................................................... 30 LITERATURA CITADA ....................................................................................................... 31 ANEXOS ................................................................................................................................ 36 v LISTA DE TABLAS TABLA pág. Tabla 1. Distribución y riqueza de moluscos terrestres y acuáticos del cantón Pedro Moncayo ................................................................................................................................. 17 Tabla 2. Riqueza específica de moluscos del Cantón Pedro Moncayo ................................... 41 vi LISTA DE FIGURAS FIGURA pág. Figura 1. Mapa de Ubicación del Cantón Pedro Moncayo ....................................................... 8 Figura 2. Esquema de transecto de ancho fijo Fuente: Manual de Ecología 2012 ................... 8 Figura 3. Recolección de moluscos dentro de la parroquia Malchinguí y posterior transporte en frascos plásticos ................................................................................................................... 9 Figura 4. Recolección directa de moluscos en la parroquia Malchinguí ................................ 10 Figura 5. Ubicación de moluscos encontrados en el cantón Pedro Moncayo ........................ 12 Figura 6. Ubicación de moluscos encontrados en la parroquia Tabacundo (incluida Mojanda) ................................................................................................................................................ 12 Figura 7. Ubicación de moluscos encontrados en la parroquia Tocachi ................................ 13 Figura 8. Ubicación de moluscos encontrados en la parroquia La Esperanza ........................ 13 Figura 9. Ubicación de moluscos encontrados en la parroquia Malchinguí (Jerusalem) ....... 14 Figura 10. Riqueza total de moluscos en el cantón Pedro Moncayo ...................................... 19 Figura 11. Diversidad de caracoles terrestres en el cantón Pedro Moncayo ......................... 20
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