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Family: Lecythidaceae Taxon: Couroupita guianensis Synonym: Couratari pedicellaris Rizzini Common Name: cannonball tree Couroupita acreensis R.Knuth bala de cañon Couroupita antillana Miers Couroupita froesii R.Knuth Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Assessor Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Assessor WRA Score 1 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 y 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 Print Date: 10/27/2013 Couroupita guianensis (Lecythidaceae) Page 1 of 7 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, >3 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 n 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: L WRA Score 1 Print Date: 10/27/2013 Couroupita guianensis (Lecythidaceae) Page 2 of 7 Supporting Data: 101 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicinal and Non- [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence Medicinal Plants. Volume 3, Fruits. Springer, New York 102 2013. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2013. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicinal and Non- [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Cannonball tree is Medicinal Plants. Volume 3, Fruits. Springer, New indigenous to the tropical rainforest of north-eastern South America, especially in York the Amazon Basin." 202 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicinal and Non- [Quality of climate match data 2-High] Medicinal Plants. Volume 3, Fruits. Springer, New York 203 2006. Brown, S.H.. Couroupita guianensis. [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Zone: 10a - 12b, 28°F University of Florida, IFAS Extension, Gainesville, minimum" FL http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/Hort/GardenPubsAZ/Couroup itaGuianensisCannonballTree.pdf. 203 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicinal and Non- [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "C. guianensis is a Medicinal Plants. Volume 3, Fruits. Springer, New hygrophyte and heliophyte. It is most frequently found in wet areas of lowland York forests and river banks subjected to periodic flooding. Although a plant of moist soils, it thrives under dry conditions." 204 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicinal and Non- [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] Medicinal Plants. Volume 3, Fruits. Springer, New "Cannonball tree is indigenous to the tropical rainforest of north-eastern South York America, especially in the Amazon Basin." 205 1990. Mori, S.A. et al.. Lecythidaceae Pt 2. The [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Zygomorphic-Flowered New World Genera range? Yes] "Couroupita guianensis is widely cultivated outside its native range" (Couroupita, Corythophora, Bertholletia, Couratari, Eschweilera, & Lecythis), With a Study of 2ndary Xylem of Neotropical Lecythidaceae. Flora Neotropica. 21(2): 1-373. 205 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicinal and Non- [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Medicinal Plants. Volume 3, Fruits. Springer, New range? Yes] "The tree is planted in gardens elsewhere in the tropics such as in York India and Thailand Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Panama, Peru, United States, Venezuela. The species is frequently planted as a botanical curiosity in other tropical and subtropical botanical gardens in many parts of the world." 301 2000. Liogier, A.H./ Martorell, L.F.. Flora of [Naturalized beyond native range? No] "A rare ornamental tree planted and Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic persistent in parks and gardens, Puerto Rico; a native to tropical south America, synopsis. Second Edition Revised. La Editorial, planted in the tropics." UPR, San Juan, Puerto Rico 301 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islands Biodiversity [Naturalized beyond native range Not in Cook Islands] "COOK ISLANDS STATUS: Database, Version 2007.2.. Cook Islands Natural Introduced - Recent, Not naturalised; Land, lowlands" Heritage Trust, Rarotonga http://cookislands.bishopmuseum.org 301 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Naturalized beyond native range? Unconfirmed reports of naturalization] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 301 2012. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Khan, N./Flynn, [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence in Hawaiian Islands] T.. Hawaiian Vascular Plant Updates: A Supplement to the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Ferns & Fern Allies. http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaii anflora/supplement.htm 302 2006. Brown, S.H.. Couroupita guianensis. [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No, but could create yard maintenance University of Florida, IFAS Extension, Gainesville, problems] "This tree is not recommended for small yards. If properly placed, you FL will not need to prune it but you should expect many fallen leaves and potential http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/Hort/GardenPubsAZ/Couroup damage from the heavy fallen fruits." itaGuianensisCannonballTree.pdf. 303 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No] No evidence Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia Print Date: 10/27/2013 Couroupita guianensis (Lecythidaceae) Page 3 of 7 304 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No] No evidence Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 305 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Congeneric weed? No] No evidence Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 401 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicinal and Non- [Produces spines, thorns or burrs? No] "Cannonball tree is a large deciduous, Medicinal Plants. Volume 3, Fruits. Springer, New unbuttressed tropical tree, growing to 35 m high. Leaves occur in clusters at the York ends of the branches on 0.5–3 cm long petioles; lamina simple, narrowly obovate to elliptic, 8–30(−57) cm by 3–10 cm, glabrous on upper surface, pubescent on veins on lower surface, base cuneate and apex acute to acuminate, margin entire with 15–25 pairs of secondary veins." 402 2003. Fujii, Y./Parvez, S. S./Parvez, [Allelopathic? No] "Table 1. Screening of leaf litter of 239 medicinal plant species M.M./Ohmae, Y./Iida, O.. Screening of 239 under different families using the sandwich method" [Couroupita guianensis does medicinal plant species for allelopathic activity not exhibit stronger inhibitory activity greater than the mean] using the sandwich method. Weed Biology and Management. 3: 233–241. 403 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicinal and Non- [Parasitic? No] "Cannonball tree is a large deciduous, unbuttressed tropical tree, Medicinal Plants. Volume 3, Fruits. Springer, New growing to 35 m high." York 404 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicinal and Non- [Unpalatable to grazing animals? Unknown if foliage is palatable] "The pulp of the Medicinal Plants.
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  • A Review of the Flower Fly Genus Ornidia Lepeletier & Serville

    A Review of the Flower Fly Genus Ornidia Lepeletier & Serville

    Zootaxa 2014: 59–64 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A review of the flower fly genus Ornidia Lepeletier & Serville (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of a new species from Brazil FERNANDO DA SILVA CARVALHO FILHO1 & MARIA CRISTINA ESPOSITO2 Laboratório de Ecologia de Invertebrados, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Pará. Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, Belém, PA, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Ornidia Lepeletier & Serville is an endemic New World genus that now comprises five described species. The genus is reviewed and Ornidia therezinhae sp. n. is described and figured from Brazilian Amazon. A key to all species is provided. Key words: Hover flies, Eristalinae, Cyclorrhapha, Neotropical Region, Brazil Introduction The family Syrphidae, commonly called flower flies or hover flies, has a worldwide distribution and consists of about 6,000 described species with representatives occurring in all zoogeographical regions (Thompson et al. 1976, Thompson 2008). The Neotropical region is by far the richest with more than 1,600 species belonging to 60 genera (Thompson 1999), but a large fraction of this fauna remains uncollected and undocumented. The genus Ornidia Lepeletier & Serville comprises medium to large flies (2.3–4.2 mm) with green or purple metallic colors, except O. whiteheadi Thompson that shows a distinctive coppery irridescence abdomen; and they look like superficially some blowflies (Calliphoridae) or orquid-bees (Euglossa). According to Thompson (1991, 2008) Ornidia is a member of the tribe Volucellini and the genus can be characterized mainly by following synapomorphy: notopleuron greatly enlarged and produced posteriorly and face with medial and two sublateral tubercles.
  • Baccha (Ocyptamus) Medina, B

    Baccha (Ocyptamus) Medina, B

    The Syrphidae of Puerto Rico1'2 H. S. Telford3-* One cannot state with certainty when the first syrphid was collected from Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. Fabricius described a number of 1 Manuscript submitted to Editorial Board October 30, 1972. 2 Scientific paper number 3914. College of Agriculture Research Center, Washing­ ton State University, Pullman, Washington. Work was conducted under Project No. 0046. 3 Professor and Entomologist, Department of Entomology, Washington State University; Visiting Scientist, Department of Entomology, Agricultural Experiment Station, Mayagiiez Campus, Uío Piedras, Puerto Rico, September 1968-March 1969. This study was made possible by financial support from the Department of En­ tomology, Agricultural Experiment Station, Mayagiiez Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras. I wish to thank Dr. L. P. R. F. Martorell, formerly Chairman, Department of Entomology, Agricultural Experiment Station, especially for his support and aid in all aspects of the project. Mr. Silverio Medina Gaud, Associate Entomologist, Agricultural Experiment Station, was of considerable help. He ac­ companied me on almost all field trips, assisted in sorting and preparing the material and made valuable field trips on his own. Dr. J. R. Vockeroth, Entomology Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada, verified many determinations and offered advice on nomenclatural problems. Others who materially aided in the loan of specimens, verified determinations or in other ways were: Dr. George Drury, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, El Verde-Caribbean National Forest, Puerto Rico; Dr. Y. S. Sedman, Western Illinois University; Dr. L. V. Knutson, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture; Dr. P. W. Wygodzinsky, American Museum of Natural History; Dr.