Dimensions of Biodiversity

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Dimensions of Biodiversity Dimensions of Biodiversity NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CO-FUNDED BY 2010–2015 PROJECTS Introduction 4 Project Abstracts 2015 8 Project Updates 2014 30 Project Updates 2013 42 Project Updates 2012 56 Project Updates 2011 72 Project Updates 2010 88 FRONT COVER IMAGES A B f g h i k j C l m o n q p r D E IMAGE CREDIT THIS PAGE FRONT COVER a MBARI & d Steven Haddock f Steven Haddock k Steven Haddock o Carolyn Wessinger Peter Girguis e Carolyn g Erin Tripp l Lauren Schiebelhut p Steven Litaker b James Lendemer Wessinger h Marty Condon m Lawrence Smart q Sahand Pirbadian & c Matthew L. Lewis i Marty Condon n Verity Salmon Moh El-Naggar j Niklaus Grünwald r Marty Condon FIELD SITES Argentina France Singapore Australia French Guiana South Africa Bahamas French Polynesia Suriname Belize Germany Spain Bermuda Iceland Sweden Bolivia Japan Switzerland Brazil Madagascar Tahiti Canada Malaysia Taiwan China Mexico Thailand Colombia Norway Trinidad Costa Rica Palau United States Czech Republic Panama United Kingdom Dominican Peru Venezuela Republic Philippines Labrador Sea Ecuador Poland North Atlantic Finland Puerto Rico Ocean Russia North Pacific Ocean Saudi Arabia COLLABORATORS Argentina Finland Palau Australia France Panama Brazil Germany Peru Canada Guam Russia INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS Chile India South Africa China Brazil China Indonesia Sri Lanka (NSFC) (FAPESP) Colombia Japan Sweden Costa Rica Kenya United Denmark Malaysia Kingdom Ecuador Mexico ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many NSF staff members, too numerous to We thank Mina Ta and Matthew Pepper for mention individually, assisted in the development their graphic design contribution to the abstract and implementation of the Dimensions of booklet. Finally we are grateful to AAAS Science Biodiversity competitions that resulted in and Technology Policy Fellows Drs. Sara Chun, the projects described herein. We thank and Sean M. Watts, Karen Alroy, and Rachel S. Meyer congratulate the Dimensions of Biodiversity who were most helpful in the strategic planning for investigators for their creativity and achievements the Dimensions of Biodiversity program and the in the research and coordination activities that production of this abstract booklet. these projects represent. phylogenetic context to reveal how biodiversity is shaped over About the Program time. For instance, researchers using phylogeny can ask: Why have some species endured time while others did not? What The Dimensions of Biodiversity program is interactions, conditions, or events provided opportunities now in its sixth year of research support to for diversification? And of peak interest is how do genetic distances that separate species in phylogeny relate to the characterize the least-well-known aspects different roles, appearances, life histories, and behaviors we of the diversity of life on Earth. The National observe? Despite centuries of study, we still have much to learn about the origin, maintenance, and function of diversity. Science Foundation (NSF) funded 10 new projects in fiscal year 2015 bringing the total The functional roles of all these aspects of diversity are hardly understood. Dimensions researchers are making the number of funded projects to 77. connections from genetic diversity to gene function, and from The majority of the planet’s biological diversity has yet to be explored. With estimates hovering around 12 million existing global species, and with only about 15% of those described to date, there is a bounty of exciting discovery to be made that This year’s Dimensions of Biodiversity investigators can have major impacts on human wellbeing, technology, food join an international and multidisciplinary network security, and the health of planet Earth. of scientists who, through cutting-edge and integrative approaches, are transforming our Beyond taxonomic investigation of the planet’s species, understanding of biodiversity. genetic diversity within even a single species can be vast. The tremendous variation among domestic dog breeds illustrates this: genetic diversity of populations can express major James Olds differences in appearance, behavior, lifespan, and metabolic Assistant Director physiological adaptations to radically different environments. NSF Biological Sciences Directorate The Dimensions of Biodiversity program is a platform for exploration of species and population-level diversity, recognizing that genetic diversity are best understood in a STREAMS OF ACTIVITY 2020 GOALS An integrated understanding of the key but unknown dimensions of Research biodiversity on Earth Informatics and infrastructure that support accessible, interoperable Cyberinfrastructure information capability for Dimensions of Biodiversity Digitization of collections and enhanced physical infrastructure to link to Collections cyberinfrastructure and leverage the enormous investments of the past A diverse, interdisciplinary, globally-engaged, scientific workforce capable of Workforce transforming and communicating our understanding of biodiversity on Earth Scientific analyses and syntheses that generate and disseminate useful Synthesis information for scientists, educators and decision makers Planning & Base lining & Assessing Aligning investments APPROACH partnering synchronizing progress with emerging priorities 4 Phylogenetic Understanding the diversity of life on land and in the sea is critical as our environment changes. This year’s Dimensions of Biodiversity projects include important but poorly known branches of animals and microorganisms in understudied regions of the oceans. TARGET Roger Wakimoto Genetic Functional Assistant Director NSF Geosciences Directorate the expression of traits to their effects on our environment. unique human- and cyber-infrastructure challenges of an Many are assessing the impacts of diversity on ecosystems interdisciplinary network of researchers. Dimensions previously over time. And many are pioneering studies that help partnered with NASA to fund projects that use remote close the loop: what impact does the feedback from those sensing technologies to expand biodiversity investigations environmental functions have on species and communities? across broad spatial and temporal scales. Current The projects supported through the Dimensions of international partnerships with the National Natural Science Biodiversity program have applied creative integration of Foundation of China (NSFC) and The São Paulo Research phylogenetic, genetic, and functional studies to ask grand Foundation (FAPESP) support the exchange of students and questions about life on Earth that single-discipline studies scientists, joint research projects, and university partnerships. cannot approach. Through these developments and intellectual partnerships, this 10-year Dimensions of Biodiversity program is redefining Addressing the substantial knowledge gaps in our the way we understand the evolutionary and ecological understanding of biodiversity requires new thinking and significance of biodiversity in today’s changing environment, a coordinated effort among several sub-disciplines of and in the deep geologic past. biology. The Dimensions of Biodiversity program is actively developing the workforce and partnerships necessary for the GEO/OCE GEO/OCE PARTNERS PROJECTS OTHER NSF SHIP COSTS SCIENCE BIO NASA (N) US TOTAL CHINA (C) BRAZIL (B) FY 2010 16 $2.9M $9.3M $18.9M $31.1M ¥750k FY 2011 12 $6.5M $1.5M $2.5M $17.5M $28.0M ¥610k FY 2012 C, B, N 14 $3.2M $168K $2M $22.8M $720k $29M ¥6M R$2.8M FY 2013 C, B, N 13 $1M $21.7M $2.5M $25.2M ¥3M R$2.7M FY 2014 C, B 12 $1M $22.5M $23.5M ¥3M R$3.1M FY 2015 C, B 10 $3.6M $2.5M $17.7M $23.8M ¥3M FY 2016 C, B Up to ¥3M Up to $2M 5 Dimensions of Biodiversity Broader Impacts New Image CITIZEN Taxonomic Soil Experimental Biodiversity Analysis SCIENCE Thesaurus Gradients Techniques Treatments Through dimensions projects are Remote Climate Herbaria Fungal Gradients connected with... Sensing Ecologists Vascular Plants R Terrestrial Programming Symbiotic Mammals Intertidal Organisms Zone Early Carbon Career Monitoring Decision Environmental Scientists Makers Engineering DATABASE Climate Undergraduate Single Cell Flowering Research Change CURATION Genomics Plants Scenarios Through dimensions projects are Arabian Soil Oxygen Arthropod Sea Organic Diversity connected with... Matter Minimum Zone Extinction Adaptive Coral Extreme Risk Radiation Reefs Weather Events The Barro New York Parallel Deep Colorado Botanical Subsurface Sequencing Island Garden 6 UNDERGRADUATE Plant Oxygen AND GRADUATE Herbaria Nutrient Pathogens Minimum EDUCATION Ratios Zone Through dimensions Isotope Copepods Ratios projects are Dry connected with... Genomics Valleys Subtropical Indian Deep Ocean Shale Phytoplankton Extinction Diversity Microbiome Science Risk Festivals K-12 EDUCATION Color Community Pattern Avian Nitrogen Divergence Engagement malaria Cycling Through dimensions projects are Trophic connected with... Coastal Microbial Elevation Interactions ranges Ecosystems Sciences Plant Mating Drought Weather Adaptive Station Systems Tolerance Radiation Data Soil Wild Genetic The Pacific Organic Nightshades Architecture Northwest Matter 7 Diversification The phylogenetic and Life at extremes: dynamics of functional diversity of Linking the phylogenetic multitrophic extracellular electron and genomic diversity interactions in transfer across all of ctenophores to tropical communities three domains of life ecophysiological a b c adaptations in the deep sea The evolution of Biodiversity gradients Community genomic pollination syndrome
Recommended publications
  • New Species and Combinations of Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Clethraceae, and Cunoniaceae from the Neotropics
    Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 75 (2): e071 https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2499 ISSN: 0211-1322 anales@rjb.csic.es, http://rjb.revistas.csic.es/index.php/rjb Copyright: © 2018 CSIC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 4.0 License. New species and combinations of Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Clethraceae, and Cunoniaceae from the Neotropics Juan Francisco Morales 1,2,3 1 Missouri Botanical Garden 4344 Shaw Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. 2 Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany. 3 Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales para el Desarrollo (DOCINADE), Universidad Estatal a Distancia, 474–2050 Montes de Oca, Costa Rica. drjfranciscomorales@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8906-8567 Abstract. Mandevilla arenicola J.F.Morales sp. nov. from Brazil, Clethra Resumen. Se describen e ilustran Mandevilla arenicola J.F.Morales secazu J.F.Morales sp. nov. from Costa Rica, and Weinmannia abstrusa sp. nov. de Brasil, Clethra secazu J.F.Morales sp. nov. de Costa Rica y J.F.Morales sp. nov. from Honduras are described and illustrated and Weinmannia abstrusa J.F.Morales sp. nov. de Honduras y se discuten their relationships with morphologically related species are discussed. sus relaciones con otras especies de morfología semejante. Se designan Lectotypes are designated for Anemopaegma tonduzianum Kraenzl., lectotipos para Anemopaegma tonduzianum Kraenzl., Bignonia Bignonia sarmentosa var. hirtella Benth. and Paragonia pyramidata var. sarmentosa var. hirtella Benth. and Paragonia pyramidata var. tomentosa tomentosa Bureau & K. Schum., as well as these last two names have Bureau & K.Schum., así como también se combinan estos dos últimos been combined.
    [Show full text]
  • High Abundance of Plagioselmis Cf. Prolonga in the Krka River Estuary (Eastern Adriatic Sea)
    SCIENTIA MARINA 78(3) September 2014, 329-338, Barcelona (Spain) ISSN-L: 0214-8358 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03998.28C Cryptophyte bloom in a Mediterranean estuary: High abundance of Plagioselmis cf. prolonga in the Krka River estuary (eastern Adriatic Sea) Luka Šupraha 1, 2, Sunčica Bosak 1, Zrinka Ljubešić 1, Hrvoje Mihanović 3, Goran Olujić 3, Iva Mikac 4, Damir Viličić 1 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. 2 Present address: Department of Earth Sciences, Paleobiology Programme, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail: luka.supraha@geo.uu.se 3 Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia, Zrinsko-Frankopanska 161, 21000 Split, Croatia. 4 Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Summary: During the June 2010 survey of phytoplankton and physicochemical parameters in the Krka River estuary (east- ern Adriatic Sea), a cryptophyte bloom was observed. High abundance of cryptophytes (maximum 7.9×106 cells l–1) and high concentrations of the class-specific biomarker pigment alloxanthine (maximum 2312 ng l–1) were detected in the surface layer and at the halocline in the lower reach of the estuary. Taxonomical analysis revealed that the blooming species was Plagioselmis cf. prolonga. Analysis of the environmental parameters in the estuary suggested that the bloom was supported by the slower river flow as well as the increased orthophosphate and ammonium concentrations. The first record of a crypto- phyte bloom in the Krka River estuary may indicate that large-scale changes are taking place in the phytoplankton commu- nity.
    [Show full text]
  • J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK (1958) 37, 7°5-752
    J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. (1958) 37, 7°5-752 Printed in Great Britain OBSERVATIONS ON LUMINESCENCE IN PELAGIC ANIMALS By J. A. C. NICOL The Plymouth Laboratory (Plate I and Text-figs. 1-19) Luminescence is very common among marine animals, and many species possess highly developed photophores or light-emitting organs. It is probable, therefore, that luminescence plays an important part in the economy of their lives. A few determinations of the spectral composition and intensity of light emitted by marine animals are available (Coblentz & Hughes, 1926; Eymers & van Schouwenburg, 1937; Clarke & Backus, 1956; Kampa & Boden, 1957; Nicol, 1957b, c, 1958a, b). More data of this kind are desirable in order to estimate the visual efficiency of luminescence, distances at which luminescence can be perceived, the contribution it makes to general back• ground illumination, etc. With such information it should be possible to discuss. more profitably such biological problems as the role of luminescence in intraspecific signalling, sex recognition, swarming, and attraction or re• pulsion between species. As a contribution to this field I have measured the intensities of light emitted by some pelagic species of animals. Most of the work to be described in this paper was carried out during cruises of R. V. 'Sarsia' and RRS. 'Discovery II' (Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom and National Institute of Oceanography, respectively). Collections were made at various stations in the East Atlantic between 30° N. and 48° N. The apparatus for measuring light intensities was calibrated ashore at the Plymouth Laboratory; measurements of animal light were made at sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Capnia Lineata (Hanson 1943) Straight Stonefly Plecoptera: Capniidae
    Capnia lineata (Hanson 1943) Straight stonefly Plecoptera: Capniidae Profile prepared by Celeste Mazzacano, The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation SUMMARY Capnia lineata is small winter stone fly endemic to northwestern Idaho. It is known primarily from a few streams near Troy, Idaho in Latah County, including Little Boulder Creek. This species’ limited habitat may be threatened with degradation from extensive recreational use in the region from which it is known. Global climate change could also threaten this species’ habitat in the long-term. Research should focus on determining the true distribution of this species, the status and size of existing populations, and the potential presence of additional populations at suitable habitat in the region. Assessment and strengthening of current management practices for known habitat would also be beneficial. CONSERVATION STATUS Rankings: Canada – Species at Risk Act: N/A Canada – provincial status: N/A Mexico: N/A USA – Endangered Species Act: N/A USA – state status: Idaho S1 Critically imperiled; California SNR Not ranked NatureServe: G3 Vulnerable IUCN Red List: N/A SPECIES PROFILE DESCRIPTION Adult females are larger than males; their bodies are 7-8 mm (0.28-0.31 in.) in length, as are their forewings. Females have a small, reduced medial bridge between the 7th and 8th abdominal segments that appears embedded in the intersegmental membrane, a diagnostic characteristic that helps separate them from other closely related species. Males are brachypterous, i.e. they have extremely reduced wings. The forewings are so small that they have no apparent veins, and the hindwings are reduced even further (Hanson 1943).
    [Show full text]
  • Ctenophore Relationships and Their Placement As the Sister Group to All Other Animals
    ARTICLES DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0331-3 Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animals Nathan V. Whelan 1,2*, Kevin M. Kocot3, Tatiana P. Moroz4, Krishanu Mukherjee4, Peter Williams4, Gustav Paulay5, Leonid L. Moroz 4,6* and Kenneth M. Halanych 1* Ctenophora, comprising approximately 200 described species, is an important lineage for understanding metazoan evolution and is of great ecological and economic importance. Ctenophore diversity includes species with unique colloblasts used for prey capture, smooth and striated muscles, benthic and pelagic lifestyles, and locomotion with ciliated paddles or muscular propul- sion. However, the ancestral states of traits are debated and relationships among many lineages are unresolved. Here, using 27 newly sequenced ctenophore transcriptomes, publicly available data and methods to control systematic error, we establish the placement of Ctenophora as the sister group to all other animals and refine the phylogenetic relationships within ctenophores. Molecular clock analyses suggest modern ctenophore diversity originated approximately 350 million years ago ± 88 million years, conflicting with previous hypotheses, which suggest it originated approximately 65 million years ago. We recover Euplokamis dunlapae—a species with striated muscles—as the sister lineage to other sampled ctenophores. Ancestral state reconstruction shows that the most recent common ancestor of extant ctenophores was pelagic, possessed tentacles, was bio- luminescent and did not have separate sexes. Our results imply at least two transitions from a pelagic to benthic lifestyle within Ctenophora, suggesting that such transitions were more common in animal diversification than previously thought. tenophores, or comb jellies, have successfully colonized from species across most of the known phylogenetic diversity of nearly every marine environment and can be key species in Ctenophora.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Placement of the Enigmatic Orchid Genera Thaia and Tangtsinia: Evidence from Molecular and Morphological Characters
    TAXON 61 (1) • February 2012: 45–54 Xiang & al. • Phylogenetic placement of Thaia and Tangtsinia Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic orchid genera Thaia and Tangtsinia: Evidence from molecular and morphological characters Xiao-Guo Xiang,1 De-Zhu Li,2 Wei-Tao Jin,1 Hai-Lang Zhou,1 Jian-Wu Li3 & Xiao-Hua Jin1 1 Herbarium & State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China 2 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, P.R. China 3 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Township, Mengla County, Yunnan province 666303, P.R. China Author for correspondence: Xiao-Hua Jin, xiaohuajin@ibcas.ac.cn Abstract The phylogenetic position of two enigmatic Asian orchid genera, Thaia and Tangtsinia, were inferred from molecular data and morphological evidence. An analysis of combined plastid data (rbcL + matK + psaB) using Bayesian and parsimony methods revealed that Thaia is a sister group to the higher epidendroids, and tribe Neottieae is polyphyletic unless Thaia is removed. Morphological evidence, such as plicate leaves and corms, the structure of the gynostemium and the micromorphol- ogy of pollinia, also indicates that Thaia should be excluded from Neottieae. Thaieae, a new tribe, is therefore tentatively established. Using Bayesian and parsimony methods, analyses of combined plastid and nuclear datasets (rbcL, matK, psaB, trnL-F, ITS, Xdh) confirmed that the monotypic genus Tangtsinia was nested within and is synonymous with the genus Cepha- lanthera, in which an apical stigma has evolved independently at least twice.
    [Show full text]
  • Generic and Subtribal Relationships in Neotropical Cymbidieae (Orchidaceae) Based on Matk/Ycf1 Plastid Data
    LANKESTERIANA 13(3): 375—392. 2014. I N V I T E D P A P E R* GENERIC AND SUBTRIBAL RELATIONSHIPS IN NEOTROPICAL CYMBIDIEAE (ORCHIDACEAE) BASED ON MATK/YCF1 PLASTID DATA W. MARK WHITTEN1,2, KURT M. NEUBIG1 & N. H. WILLIAMS1 1Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7800 USA 2Corresponding author: whitten@flmnh.ufl.edu ABSTRACT. Relationships among all subtribes of Neotropical Cymbidieae (Orchidaceae) were estimated using combined matK/ycf1 plastid sequence data for 289 taxa. The matrix was analyzed using RAxML. Bootstrap (BS) analyses yield 100% BS support for all subtribes except Stanhopeinae (87%). Generic relationships within subtribes are highly resolved and are generally congruent with those presented in previous studies and as summarized in Genera Orchidacearum. Relationships among subtribes are largely unresolved. The Szlachetko generic classification of Maxillariinae is not supported. A new combination is made for Maxillaria cacaoensis J.T.Atwood in Camaridium. KEY WORDS: Orchidaceae, Cymbidieae, Maxillariinae, matK, ycf1, phylogenetics, Camaridium, Maxillaria cacaoensis, Vargasiella Cymbidieae include many of the showiest align nrITS sequences across the entire tribe was Neotropical epiphytic orchids and an unparalleled unrealistic due to high levels of sequence divergence, diversity in floral rewards and pollination systems. and instead to concentrate our efforts on assembling Many researchers have posed questions such as a larger plastid data set based on two regions (matK “How many times and when has male euglossine and ycf1) that are among the most variable plastid bee pollination evolved?”(Ramírez et al. 2011), or exon regions and can be aligned with minimal “How many times have oil-reward flowers evolved?” ambiguity across broad taxonomic spans.
    [Show full text]
  • William Wayt Thomas1,2 & Melissa Tulig1
    Rodriguésia 66(4): 983-987. 2015 http://rodriguesia.jbrj.gov.br DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201566404 Hard Copy to Digital: Flora Neotropica and the World Flora Online William Wayt Thomas1,2 & Melissa Tulig1 Abstract One of the greatest challenges in achieving the goals of the World Flora Online (WFO) will be to make available the huge amount of botanical information that is not yet available digitally. The New York Botanical Garden is using the Flora Neotropica monograph series as a model for digitization. We describe our efforts at digitizing Flora Neotropica monographs and why digitization of hardcopy descriptions must be a priority for the WFO project. Key words: Electronic monographs, open access, Flora Neotropica, monographs. Resumo Um dos maiores desafios para alcançar as metas do projeto World Flora Online (WFO), será a disponibilizar a enorme quantidade de informações botânicas que ainda não estão disponíveis digitalmente. O New York Botanical Garden está utilizando a série de monografias da Flora Neotropica como um modelo para a digitalização. Nós aqui descrevemos nossos esforços na digitalização das monografias da Flora Neotropica e porque a digitalização das descrições impressas deve ser uma prioridade para o projeto WFO. Palavras-chave: Monografias eletrônicas, open access, Flora Neotropica, monografias. Introduction is called the World Flora Online (WFO). This consortium of professionals will create open- The World Flora Online (WFO) was access one-stop searching of world flora with developed as part of the United Nation’s Global verified information, including new and previously Strategy for Plant Conservation with the goal of published data, and coordinated with links to other providing “an online flora of all known plants,” One plant database and catalog Web sites.
    [Show full text]
  • A Population Genetic Survey of the Tropical Tree Cariniana Estrellensis (Lecythidaceae) in a Highly Fragmented Habitat
    Heredity (2016) 116, 339–347 & 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0018-067X/16 www.nature.com/hdy ORIGINAL ARTICLE Small but not isolated: a population genetic survey of the tropical tree Cariniana estrellensis (Lecythidaceae) in a highly fragmented habitat MC Guidugli1,2, AG Nazareno3, JM Feres1,2, EPB Contel1,2, MA Mestriner1 and AL Alzate-Marin1,2 Here, we explore the mating pattern and genetic structure of a tropical tree species, Cariniana estrellensis, in a small population in which progeny arrays (n = 399), all adults (n = 28) and all seedlings (n = 39) were genotyped at nine highly informative microsatellite loci. From progeny arrays we were able to identify the source tree for at least 78% of pollination events. The gene immigration rates, mainly attributable to pollen, were high, varying from 23.5 to 53%. Although gene dispersal over long distance was observed, the effective gene dispersal distances within the small population were relatively short, with mean pollination distances varying from 69.9 to 146.9 m, and seed dispersal distances occurring up to a mean of 119.6 m. Mating system analyses showed that C. estrellensis is an allogamous species (tm = 0.999), with both biparental inbreeding (tm − ts = − 0.016) and selfing rates (s = 0.001) that are not significantly different from zero. Even though the population is small, the presence of private alleles in both seedlings and progeny arrays and the elevated rates of gene immigration indicate that the C. estrellensis population is not genetically isolated. However, genetic diversity expressed by allelic richness was significantly lower in postfragmentation life stages.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Analysis of Ant Domatia-Associated Melanized Fungi (Chaetothyriales, Ascomycota) Leandro Moreno, Veronika Mayer, Hermann Voglmayr, Rumsais Blatrix, J
    Genomic analysis of ant domatia-associated melanized fungi (Chaetothyriales, Ascomycota) Leandro Moreno, Veronika Mayer, Hermann Voglmayr, Rumsais Blatrix, J. Benjamin Stielow, Marcus Teixeira, Vania Vicente, Sybren de Hoog To cite this version: Leandro Moreno, Veronika Mayer, Hermann Voglmayr, Rumsais Blatrix, J. Benjamin Stielow, et al.. Genomic analysis of ant domatia-associated melanized fungi (Chaetothyriales, Ascomycota). Mycolog- ical Progress, Springer Verlag, 2019, 18 (4), pp.541-552. 10.1007/s11557-018-01467-x. hal-02316769 HAL Id: hal-02316769 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02316769 Submitted on 15 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Mycological Progress (2019) 18:541–552 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-01467-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Genomic analysis of ant domatia-associated melanized fungi (Chaetothyriales, Ascomycota) Leandro F. Moreno1,2,3 & Veronika Mayer4 & Hermann Voglmayr5 & Rumsaïs Blatrix6 & J. Benjamin Stielow3 & Marcus M. Teixeira7,8 & Vania A. Vicente3 & Sybren de Hoog1,2,3,9 Received: 20 August 2018 /Revised: 16 December 2018 /Accepted: 19 December 2018 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Several species of melanized (Bblack yeast-like^) fungi in the order Chaetothyriales live in symbiotic association with ants inhabiting plant cavities (domatia) or with ants that use carton-like material for the construction of nests and tunnels.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
    Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Delimitation in Asexual Insects of Economic Importance: the Case of Black Scale (Parasaissetia Nigra), a Cosmopolitan Parthenogenetic Pest Scale Insect
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Species delimitation in asexual insects of economic importance: The case of black scale (Parasaissetia nigra), a cosmopolitan parthenogenetic pest scale insect Yen-Po Lin1,2,3*, Robert D. Edwards4, Takumasa Kondo5, Thomas L. Semple3, Lyn G. Cook2 a1111111111 1 College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, 2 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 3 Research School of Biology, Division of a1111111111 Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, a1111111111 Australia, 4 Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington a1111111111 DC, United States of America, 5 CorporacioÂn Colombiana de InvestigacioÂn Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), a1111111111 Centro de InvestigacioÂn Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia * yenpo.lin@uqconnect.edu.au OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Lin Y-P, Edwards RD, Kondo T, Semple TL, Cook LG (2017) Species delimitation in asexual Asexual lineages provide a challenge to species delimitation because species concepts insects of economic importance: The case of black either have little biological meaning for them or are arbitrary, since every individual is mono- scale (Parasaissetia nigra), a cosmopolitan phyletic and reproductively isolated from all other individuals. However, recognition and parthenogenetic pest scale insect. PLoS ONE 12 naming of asexual species is important to conservation and economic applications. Some (5): e0175889. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0175889 scale insects are widespread and polyphagous pests of plants, and several species have been found to comprise cryptic species complexes. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861) Editor: Wolfgang Arthofer, University of Innsbruck, AUSTRIA (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is a parthenogenetic, cosmopolitan and polyphagous pest that feeds on plant species from more than 80 families.
    [Show full text]