Brachystola magna Folia Entorno!. Mex., 41(2): 215-227 (2002)

V.M.A.M. Y BERLANGA- DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES AND SPECIES-GROUPS OF ALEIODES (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) IN MEXICO

HUGO DELFÍN-GONZÁLEZ1 AND ROBERT A. WHARTON2

'Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autonóma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal4-116, Col. ltzimná, 97100 Mérida, Yucatán, México. 2Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station. Texas 77843, U .S.A.

Delf'm-González, H. and R.A. Wharton. 2002. Distribution of species and species-groups of Aleiodes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Mexico. Folia Entorno/. Mex., 41(2): 215-227.

ABSTRACT. A study was made of Aleiodes species recorded in Mexico, and specimens deposited in various collections. Using the criteria of Portier and Shaw (1999), eight species groups were recognized from Mexico, with 21 described and 27 undescribed species recorded. These are first records in Mexico for A. earinos Shaw, A. graphicus (Cresson), A. notozophus Marsh and Shaw andA. politiceps (Gahan). The genus is widely distributed in Mexico, being present in 28 of 31 states. Results are discussed in relation to the richness patterns hypotheses of other authors. KEY WoRDs: Aleiodes, Mexico, distribution, Rogadinae, parasitoids. Simposio Control de Plaga de 9- 10 de marzo del2000. Durango, Delfín-González, H. y R.A. Wharton. 2002. Distribución de las especies y grupos de especies de Aleiodes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) en Mexico. Folia Entorno/. Mex., 41(2): 215-227.

RESUMEN. El estudio se realizó con las especies de Aleiodes registradas en México y material depositado en varias colecciones. Utilizando los criterios de Portier y Shaw (1999) se reconocieron ocho grupos de especies presentes en México. Se registraron 21 especies descritas y 27 no descritas. Las especies A. earinos Shaw, A. graphicus (Cresson), A. notozophus Marsh y Shaw y A. politiceps (Gahan) son primeros registros para México. El género muestra amplia distribución en México, estando presente en 28 de los 31 estados. Se discuten los resultados con respecto a las hipótesis de otros autores sobre patrones de riqueza. PALABRAS CLAVE: Aleiodes, México, distribución, Rogadinae, parasitoides.

Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838 is a cosmopolitan dae, Pyralidae, Sphingidae, and Tortricidae genus of parasitic wasps. All the species within (Shenefelt, 1975; Shaw and Huddleston, 1991; this genus are koinobiont endoparasitoids of Le­ Shaw, 1995, 1997; Portier, 1997). pidoptera, principally nocturnal, from the fami­ As with other members of the Subfamily Ro­ lies Arctiidae, Bombycidae, Choreutidae, Dre­ gadinae, the majority of these species insert the panidae, Gelechiidae, Geometridae, Hesperii­ ovipositor in the host twice during oviposition. dae, Incurvariidae, Lasiocampidae, Limacodi­ First, to paralyze the host larva by injecting dae, Lycaenidae, Lymantridae, Lyonetiidae, venom into it, and second to introduce their Noctuidae, Notodontidae, Nymphalidae, Psychi- eggs (Shaw, 1983). In someAleiodes species the Delfin-González and Wharton: Distribution of species and species groups of Aleiodes in Mexico venom injection does not occur, appárently to formation on Afrotropical, eastern Palearctic versidad Autónoma de Tamaulip: reduce the risk of the larva falling to the ground and Neotropical species. World-wide, 221 spe­ versity of California, Berkeley ( (Shaw and Huddleston, 1991). cies are known, of which 91 are distributed in sity of California, Davis (UCD] Of the few rogadine species studied, most the Americas, principally in the Nearctic region California, Riverside (UCR); have five larval stages. Of all the braconid spe­ (Shenefelt, 1975; Marsh, 1979; Portier, 1997; Museum of Natural History, Wa cies attacking Lepidoptera, these are the only Shaw, 1997; Shaw et al., 1997; Marsh and Smithsonian (USNM). ones that mummify the host larvae in which they Shaw, 1998; Shaw et al., 1998a and 1998b; Morphology is referenced usil pupate (Shaw and Huddleston, 1991). Aphi­ Marsh and Shaw, 1999 and 2001). Shaw (1997) posed by van Achterberg ( 199: diinae braconids also mummify their host, but estimates that in the Neotropics there are ap­ and Wharton (1997). Material \ they develop exclusively in aphids. In many of proximately 200 undescribed species. A brief using the studies of Shaw (199' the species of Aleiodes, the female wasp ovi­ nomenclatura! history of the 16 Aleiodes species ( 1997), Marsh and Shaw (199~ posits in an early instar, with the wasp larva reported in México has been published by Del­ (1998a, 1998b), Marsh and Sha feeding slowly and not killing the host untillater fín and Wharton (2000). This study constitutes material determined by Dr. Seo instars. The mummy is usually produced during the most complete listing to date, and provides ted in TAMU. the final larval stage of the host but sometimes previously unpublished locality reports. Of the established Aleiodes in earlier instars. There are species of Aleiodes Portier and Shaw ( 1999) review the results of (Portier and Shaw 1999), eight that attack from the first to the fourth larval previous studies (Shaw et al., 1997; Marsh and in México. The synapomorphs t stages (Wallner and Grinberg, 1984; Cave, Shaw, 1998; Shaw et al., 1998a and 1998b; group are as follows: 1995). The mummified host is fixed to the subs­ Marsh and Shaw, 1999), presenting the synapo­ l. apicalis (Brullé) species grot trate by the parasitoid larva through a hole cut morphies that define 17 Aleiodes species groups meter shorter than ocello-ocul in the host integument. Upon emerging, the a­ as monophyletic. The species in the present cipital and hypostomal carina dults cut an emergence opening with uniform study were segregated into groups using these bristle patches on terga 4-7 borders in the extreme posterior, dorsal portion criteria and described in material and methods antennal carina0.55X the dista of the mummified host (Shaw, 1983; Shaw and section. Only the represented species groups clypeus and the antennae ba Huddleston, 1991). The majority of these spe­ were described. fmely granulated or smooth cies are solitary parasitoids that can be attracted heavily pectinate (Shaw et al. by light during the night (Shaw and Huddleston, MATERIAL AND METHODS 2. gastritor (Thunberg) species 1991), though sorne gregarious species are The present study was carried out with mate­ length of pronotum up to 0.3) known, such as A. stigmator (Prana and O'Neil, rial loaned from the following collections: The length (Portier and Shaw, 19S 1994) andA. laphygmae (Cave, 1995). Natural History Museum, London (BMNH); 3. seriatus (Herrich-Schaffer) Rogadines are likely important in control of Colección Entomológica Regional, Universidad Comb of bristles on posterior 1 Lepidoptera infestations in forest and agricultu­ Autónoma de Yucatán (CER-UADY); Colegio tibia (Marsh and Shaw, 1998) ra! environments as they are abundant and de Postgraduados, Montecillo, México (CP); 4. dispar Curtis species group. known species are relatively stenophagous Instituto de Biología UNAM, Estación de Bio­ row, less or equal to 0.29X lf (Shaw, 1995). However, few of these species logía Tropical Charnela (IBUNAM); Museo de 5. praetor (Reinhard) species gr have been studied for pest control uses (see Historia Natural de la Ciudad de México vein RS strongly bent, almo Wallner et al., 1983; Wallner and Grinberg, (MHNCM); Natural History Museum of Los cos-tal margin; lateral ocellm 1984; Cave, 1992 and 1995; Prana and O'Neil, Angeles County (NHMLA); Texas A&M Uni­ greater than the ocello-oc 1994). versity, Insect Collection (T AMU); Colección flagellomere 15 short (Sha" Palearctic and Nearctic Aleiodes species are de Insectos BenéficosEntomófagos, Universidad Portier and Shaw, 1999). well known, whereas there is relatively little in- Autónoma de Nuevo León (CIBE-UANL); Uni- 6. pulchripes (Wesmael) specif

216 of Aleiodes in Mexico Folia Entomol. Mex., 41 (2) 2002

versidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas (UAT); Uni­ claw strongly pectinate, with more than ten versity of California, Berkeley (UCB); Univer­ spines commonly forming the pectin; first me­ sity of California, Davis (UCD); University of tasomal terga weakly rugulose to rugulose­ •'"'''~'''ur in the Nearctic region California, Riverside (UCR); U.S. National costate; third metasomal tergite rugulose to Marsh, 1979; Portier, 1997; Museum ofNatural History, Washington, D.C. rugulose-costate anterior! y and punctate poste­ et al., 1997; Marsh and Smithsonian (USNM). rior! y; lateral ocelli enormous, from 1.5 to et al., 1998a and 1998b; Morphology is referenced using criteria pro­ 9.0X the length of the ocello-ocular distance; 1999 and 2001). Shaw (1997) posed by van Achterberg (1993) and Sharkey malar space shorter than mandible base (Shaw the Neotropics there are ap­ and Wharton (1997). Material was determined et al., 1997). undescribed species. A brief using the studies of Shaw (1997), Shaw et al. 7. gasterator (Jurine) species group. Clypeus of the 16 Aleiodes species (1997), Marsh and Shaw (1998), Shaw et al. has abrupt margin, planar ventrad; oral open­ been published by Del- (1998a, 1998b), Marsh and Shaw, (1999), and ing oval, diameter equal to or slightly greater (2000). This study constitutes material determined by Dr. Scott Shaw deposi­ than malar space; malar space at least equal to listing to date, and provides ted in TAMU. basal width of mandible, usually longer; hind locality reports. Of the established Aleiodes species groups wing marginal cell narrowest at base, widen­ (1999) review the results of (Portier and Shaw 1999), eight are represented ing to wing apex, vein RS not sinuate (Portier et al., 1997; Marsh and in México. The synapomorphs that define each and Shaw, 1999; Marsh and Shaw, 2001) et al., 1998a and 1998b; group are as follows: 8. melanopterus (Erichson) species group. 1999), presenting the synapo- l. apicalis (Brullé) species group. Ocellar día• Antenno-clypeal space less or equal to 0.69X 17 Aleiodes species groups meter shorter than ocello-ocular distance; oc­ the width of oral space; upper clypeus less The species in the present cipital and hypostomal carinae joined; dense than 0.42X its width (Portier and Shaw, into groups using these bristle patches on terga 4-7 (males); inter­ 1999); oral cavity long and oval, equal orlar­ in material and methods antennal carina O. 55 X the distance between the ger than face height; large eyes and ocelli; clypeus and the antennae base; mesonotum mesonotum and mesopleuron smooth (Marsh finely granulated or smooth; tarsal claws and Shaw, 1999). heavily pectinate (Shaw et al., 1998a). 2. gastritor (Thunberg) species group. Median RESULTS was carried out with mate­ length of pronotum up to 0.3X less than head Our examination of the Mexican fauna has un­ the following collections: The length (Portier and Shaw, 1999). covered 21 described and 27 undescribed spe­ Museum, London (BMNH); 3. seriatus (Herrich-Schaffer) species group. cies of Aleiodes. This section includes the mexi­ pv•'u5 u,a Regional, Universidad Comb of bristles on posterior margin of meta­ can species of Aleiodes sorted by species group, (CER-UADY); Colegio tibia (Marsh and Shaw, 1998). distribution records for the described species Montecillo, México (CP); 4. dispar Curtis species group. Pore wing nar­ and partial synonymies where appropriate to fa­ UNAM, Estación de Bio­ row, less or equal to 0.29X length/width . cilitate retrieval of information published under ...a•u"w (IBUNAM); Museo de 5. praetor (Reinhard) species group. Hind wing older names. Complete synonymies can be de la Ciudad de México vein RS strongly bent, almost reaching the found in Shaw, 1993, 1997; Shaw et al., 1997; History Museum of Los cos-tal margin; lateral ocellus diameter 2.5X Marsh and Shaw, 1998; Shaw et al., 1998a and ; Texas A&M Uni­ greater than the ocello-ocular distance; 1998b; Marsh and Shaw, 1999 and 2001. Four JOJJteciiOn (T AMU); Colección flagellomere 15 short (Shaw et al. 1998b; of the species are first records for Mexico: A. Universidad Portier and Shaw, 1999). earinos, A. $raphicus, A. notozophus andA. po­ León (CIBE-UANL); Uni- 6. pulchripes (Wesmael) species group. Tarsal liticeps. Al~ 27 undescribed species are placed

217 Delfin-González and Wharton: Distribution of species and species groups of Aleiodes in Mexico in sorne species groups only; there is no more September-November) and USA. Other localities: Mexico (Nue' information about undescribed species as these Cuba, Dominican Republic ¡ will be described in separate articles. Aleiodes molestus (Cresson) (Marsh, 1979; Cave, 1995; Del Of the 17 established Aleiodes species groups ton, 2000). (Fortier and Shaw, 1999), eight are represented Rogas molestus Cresson, 1872, 4:188. Aleiodes Distribution. This species has b in Mexico. Four species (A. fumialis (Shene­ molestus, Shaw et al., 1998a:70. southern USA, northern Mexic felt), A. nigripes (Enderlein), A. scriptipennis Material examined: AGUASCALIENTES: 1 Central America. (Enderlein) andA. sonorensis (Cameron)) whe­ female, Aguascalientes 8 miNE (UCB). CHIA­ re not placed in species groups, and their status PAS: 1 female, Rancho Sánchez, Las Rosas, in 3. seriatus (Herrich-Schaffer). remains uncertain. We have not seen specimens alfalfa (UCB); 1 male, San Cristobal de las Ca­ Includes A. nigristemmaticum of these species, and none of them was treated sas (CP). CHIHUAHUA; 1 male, Chihuahua described species. in the species groups classification presented by (CIBE-UANL). JALISCO: Rancho La Quinta, Fortier and Shaw (1999). The corresponding Teocaltiche 5600' (UCD). MÉXICO: 1 male, Aleiodes nigristemmaticum 1 Mexican species are as follows. Tonatico (TAMU); 1 male, Sta. María, Valle de Bravo (CP). MICHOACÁN: 1 female, Rhogas nigristemmaticum End l. apicalis (Brullé) species group. Includes A. Junga-peo (CP); 1 male, 6 mi N Cheran 1920:156. Aleiodes nigristemn atriceps, A. molestus and an undescribed (T AMU). N A Y ARIT: 1 mal e, Jesús María 1995:39; Marsh and Shaw, 19 species. (UCB). NUE-VO LEÓN: 1 female, 5 mi S Material examined: OAXACJ Linares (USNM). TAMAULIPAS: 2 females, mi NW El Cameron (TAMU). \ Aleiodes atriceps Cresson Hidalgo, Conrado Castillo, bosque de pino male, 14 mi NW Tuxpan (U (UAT). VERACRUZ: 1 female, Veracruz, with CIFIED: 1 female, La Aguiler Aleiodes atriceps Cresson, 1869:380. Shaw et coffee bean (USNM). sístmica km 28 (CP). al., 1998a:65. Delfín and Wharton, 2000:59. Other localities: USA (Arizona, Arkansas, Ca­ Other localities: Mexico (Chia~ Dimorphomastax peculiaris Shenefelt, 1979: lifornia, Colorado, South Dakota, Louisiana, rida, Mississippi), Costa Rica, H 133. Texas, Utah, and Wyoming) and Mexico (She­ to Rico, Dominican Republic : Material examined: NUEVO LEÓN: 1 male, nefelt, 1975; Marsh, 1979; Shaw et al., 1998a). (Enderlein, (1918) 1920; Cave. San Roque, Guadalupe (CIBE-UANL); 1 male, Distribution: Mexico (collected between Fe­ and Shaw, 1998). Valle Las Puentes, Río La Silla, Monterrey bruary-April and June-September) and USA. Distribution: Southeastern Me (CIBE-UANL); Río Ramos, Raíces, Allende in July, September and Dece1 (CIBE-UANL). TAMAULIPAS: San Carlos, 2. gastritor (Thunberg) species group. Inclu­ USA (Florida, Mississippi), Cen Rincón Murillo (UAT); 1 female, Victoria, La des A. laphygmae. northern South America. Libertad (UAT). VERACRUZ: 1 male, Río Cazones (CIBE-UANL); 2 females, Jalapa Aleiodes laphygmae (Viereck) 4. dispar Curtis species group (CP). undescribed species. This is the Other localities: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Rogas laphygmae Viereck, 1912, 43:581. the dispar group (van Achter1 Durango, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Veracruz) and Aleiodes laphygmae, Cave, 1995:38, Delfín Mexico. USA (Arizona and Texas) (Fox, 1895; She­ and Wharton, 2000:61. nefelt, 1979; Shaw et al., 1998a). Material examined: 4 males, México(no speci­ 5. praetor (Reinhard) species g1 Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, fic locality), ex: Spodoptera frugiperda in sor­ A. graphicus, A. texanus and ; Durango, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas and ghum, Collection of SRQF, Stoneville, MS. species. Veracruz) (collected between April-May and (USNM).

218 groups of Aleiodes in Mexico Folia Entomol. Mex., 41(2) 2002

Other localities: Mexico (Nuevo León), USA, Aleiodes graphicus (Cresson) Cuba, Dominican Republic and Nicaragua molestus (Cresson) (Marsh, 1979; Cave, 1995; Delfín and Whar­ Ro gas graphicus Cresson, 1872:188. Aleiodes ton, 2000). graphicus (Cresson), Shaw et al., 1998b:561. Cresson, 1872, 4:188. Aleiodes Distribution. This species has been recorded in Material examined: JALISCO: 1 female, 16 et al., 1998a:70. southern USA, northern Mexico (April), and km N Autlán, at black light (T AMU). SIN A­ · AGUASCALIENTES: 1 Central America. LOA: 1 male, 5 mi N Mazatlán (UCB). ~It:nu::s 8 miNE (UCB). CHIA­ Other localities: USA (Arizona, Colorado, Rancho Sánchez, Las Rosas, in 3. seriatus (Herrich-Schaffer) species group. Iowa, Kansas, New Mexico, South Dakota, Te­ male, San Cristobal de las Ca­ lncludes A. nigristemmaticum and nine un­ xas and Wyoming) (Shaw et al., 1998b). A; 1 male, Chihuahua described species. Distribution. Mexico (collected in July) and JALISCO: Rancho La Quinta, USA. First record for Mexico. ' (UCD). MÉXICO: 1 male, Aleiodes nigristemmaticum (Enderlein) ; 1 male, Sta. María, Valle Aleiodes texanus Cresson MICHOACÁN: 1 female, Rhogas nigristemmaticum Enderlein, (1918) 1920:156. Aleiodes nigristemmaticum, Cave, Aleiodes texanus Cresson, 1869, 2:378. . 1 male, Jesús María 1995:39; Marsh and Shaw, 1998:400. Material examined: SINALOA: 1 male, 4 mi LEÓN: 1 female, 5 mi S Material examined: OAXACA: 1 male, 2. 7 S Villa Unión (UCB). . TAMAULIPAS: 2 females, mi NW El Cameron (TAMU). VERACRUZ: 1 Other localities: USA (Texas, Illinois and Castillo, bosque de pino male, 14 mi NW Tuxpan (UCB). UNSPE­ from Massachusetts to Montana) and northern · 1 female, Veracruz, with CIFIED: 1 female, La Aguilera, Carr. Tran­ Mexico (Shaw et al., 1998b). sístmica km 28 (CP). Distribution: Mexico (June) and USA. USA (Arizona, Arkansas, Ca­ Other localities: Mexico (Chiapas), USA (Flo­ South Dakota, Louisiana, rida, Mississippi), Costa Rica, Honduras, Puer­ 6. pulchripes (Wesmael) species group. lnclu­ Wyoming) and Mexico (She- to Rico, Dominican Republic and Venezuela des A. cameronii, A. earinos, A. notozophus, 1979; Shaw et al., 1998a). (Enderlein, (1918) 1920; Cave, 1995; Marsh A. pedalis, A. rossi, A. vaughani, and seven IM1~xic:o (collected between Fe­ and Shaw, 1998). undescribed species. June-September) and USA. Distribution: Southeastern Mexico (collected in July, September and December), eastern Aleiodes cameronii (Dalla Torre) USA (Florida, Mississippi), Central America to northern South America. Rhogas mexicanus Cameron, 1887:389, notAle­ iodes mexicanus Cresson, 1869. Rhogas came­ 4. dispar Curtis species group. lncludes two ronii Dalla Torre, 1898, 4:216. Rogas came­ undescribed species. This is the first record of ronii, Shenefelt, 1975:1220. Aleiodes camero­ the dispar group (van Achterberg, 1985) in nii, Shaw et al., 1997: 17. Delfín and Whar­ Mexico. ton, 2000:60. Material examined: Data published in Delfín 4 males, México (no speci­ S. praetor (Reinhard) species group. lncludes and Wharton (2000). Spodoptera frugiperda in sor­ A. graphicus, A. texanus and an undescribed Other localities: Mexico (Oaxaca, Sinaloa and of SRQF, Stoneville, MS. species. Yucatán) and USA (New Mexico and Texas) (Cameron, 1887; Delfín and Wharton, 2000).

219 Delfin-González and Wharton: Distribution of species and species groups of Aleiodes in Mexico

Distribution: Shaw et al. ( 1997) recorded this Other localities: Mexico, (San Luis Potosí, El Shaw, 2001:293. species from southern USA through Mexico and Salto) (Shaw et al., 1997). Rhogas ferrugineus Enderlein, ( Costa Rica, without providing specific localities. Distribution: Mexico; no more localities pu­ Aleiodes ferrugineus, Delfín Mexican records currently known to us are from blished to date. 2000:60. the states of Oaxaca, Sinaloa and Yucatan. Material examined: AGUASe Aleiodes vaughani (Muesebeck) female, 8 mi NE Aguascalient1 Aleiodes earinos Shaw male, Calvillo, at light (TA.IV Rogas vaughani Muesebeck, 1960:257. HUA: 1 female, Hwy 45, 5 mi Aleiodes earinos Shaw, 1997 (Shaw et al., Rhogas nigriceps Enderlein, (1918) 1920:155 mi SW jet. Hwy 49), 5200 (N 1997:23). (not nigriceps Wesmael, 1838). Aleiodes vau­ HUILA: 39 Km Sur Agua Nue· Material examined: BAJA CALIFORNIA ghani, Cave 1995:40. Shaw et al., 1997: 33. (IBUNAM); 2 females, 1 mi SE SUR: 1 male, 9 mi N of Cabo San Lucas Material examined: CHIAPAS: 1 female, 0- (UCB). COLIMA: 1 female, (TAMU). cozocuautla (UCR). OAXACA: 1 female, Te­ Ieaves of Citrus (USNM); 18 Other localities: USA (Florida, Arkansas, and huantepec, at black light (USNM); 1 male, Oa­ Clara Canyon, 5 mi W Parrita ( Texas) (Shaw et al., 1997). xaca (USNM). QUINTANA ROO: 16 females TO FEDERAL: 2 females an Distribution: Mexico (collected in November) and 1 male, Valle Hermoso Rancho No.3 Secc. Bosque de Chapultepec and USA. First record for Mexico. (UADY). VERACRUZ: 1 male, Córdoba males, 2a. Secc. Bosque d (USNM); 3 females, Cotaxtla, Exp. Sta. Cotax­ (MHNCM). GUANAJUATO: 1 Aleiodes notozophus Marsh and Shaw tla, at light (UCB); 2 females, La Playa Escon­ cuaro (CP); 1 male, Tarandacu dida 16 km N Santecomapan, Sierra de los Tux­ ducido (CP); 1 female, Tierra E Aleiodes notozophus Marsh and Shaw, 1997, tlas, Malaise trap, (TAMU); 1 specimen xerófito (CP); 1 male, Roque Shaw et al., 1997:29. (break), Cimmyt, Poza Rica (CP); 1 female, and 2 males, Purísima de Bus te Material examined: VERACRUZ: 1 male, Los Tuxtlas Biol. Stn. (TAMU). YUCATÁN: San Bartolomé(CP); 1 male, La Santa Rosa (T AMU). 1 female, Colonia Yucatán, Kalah Dzonot, light 2 females, Celaya (CP); 1 fen Other localities: USA (Arizona, California and trap (UADY); 7 females, Reserva de Cuxtal matorral xerófito (CP). GUERR Florida) and Costa Rica (Shaw et al., 1997). (UADY); 1 female and 1 male, Mérida Iguala, at black Iight (UCB); 1 J Distribution: Mexico (July), USA and Costa (USNM). Chilpancingo (UCD); 1 male, Rica. First record for Mexico. Other localities: southern Mexico (Veracruz) (CP); 1 male, 6 mi NE Tixtla to Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Cuba and DALGO: 1 female, Tulancing< Aleiodes pedalis Cresson Ecuador (Cave, 1995; Shaw et al., 1997; Del­ CO: 21 females and 1 mal1 fín and Wharton, 2000). (USNM); 2 females, 3 mi SE PI: Aleiodes pedalis Cresson, 1869:379. Shaw et Distribution: Mexico (collected in May and (UCD); 1 female, 10 km N al., 1997:30. Delfín and Wharton, 2000:63. July-October) to northern South America. (T AMU); 1 female, Sierra de ~ Other localities: Mexico (Cresson, 1869). Mat. Las Joyas, Arroyo Las Joy Distribution: Mexico; no specific localities pu- 7. gasterator (Jurine) species group. Includes 2 males, Zapopan (CIBE-UANl blished to date. A. atricornis, A. burrus, A. smithi and five cho La Quinta, Teocaltiche, 560 undescribed species. XICO: 7 females and 13 males, ( Aleiodes rossi Marsh and Shaw m snm (CP); 1 male, Tenango d Aleiodes atricomis (Cresson) females and 3 males, Texcoco, Aleiodes rossi Marsh and Shaw, 1997. Shaw et (CP); 1 female, Tonatico (CP). ti al., 1997:32. Rogas atricornis Cresson, 1872:188. Marsh and 2 females, 11 mi W Hidalgo (1

220 groups of Aleiodes in Mexico Folia Entomol. Mex., 41 (2) 2002

· Mexico, (San Luis Potosí, El Shaw, 2001:293. Morelia (CP); 1 male, La Huerta (CP); l maJe, ' 1997). Rhogasferrugineus Enderlein, (1918) 1920:156. 3 mi E Carapan (UCD). MORELOS: 1 female, ,.~..,,.....,.v, no more localities pu- Aleiodes ferrugineus, Delfín and Wharton, Tepoztlán (CP); 1 female, 2.5 km N Estación 2000:60. CEAMISH, 940 m snm (IBUNAM); l maJe, Material examined: AGUASCALIENTES: 1 Huejotengo (CP); 1 female, Yautepec (UCD); Wal'l.l!nanz (Muesebeck) female, 8 mi NE Aguascalientes (UCB); 1 fe­ l female, Cuernavaca (USNM). NAYARIT: 1 maJe, Calvillo, at light (T AMU). CHIHUA­ male, Jesús María (UCB). NUEVO LEÓN: 1 Muesebeck, 1960:257. HUA: 1 female, Hwy 45, 5 miNE Salaices (15 maJe, Linares, trampa de luz, (UCB). OAXA­ Enderlein, (1918) 1920:155 mi SW jet. Hwy 49), 5200 (NHMLA). COA­ CA: 1 female, Puerto Escondido, bosque de ne­ 1838). Aleiodes vau­ HUILA: 39 Km Sur Agua Nueva, 1770 m snm blina (CP); 1 male, 8 miNE El Punto (TAMU); :40. Shaw etal., 1997:33. (IBUNAM); 2 females, 1 mi SE Saltillo, at light 5 females and 2 males, Oaxaca (USNM); 1 fe­ · CHIAPAS: 1 fe mal e, 0- (UCB). COLIMA: 1 female, Colima, with maJe, 16 mi NW Totolapan (TAMU). QUERÉ• 0AXACA: 1 female, Te- leaves of Citrus (USNM); 18 females, Santa T ARO: 1 female, 7 mi N Querétaro, light trap light (USNM); 1 male, Oa­ Clara Canyon, 5 mi W Parrita (UCB). DISTRI­ (TAMU). SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: 1 female, 17 ANA ROO: 16 females TO FEDERAL: 2 females and 2 males, la. km NE Ciudad del Maíz, 1250 m snm Hermoso Rancho No.3 Secc. Bosque de Chapultepec (MHNCM); 3 (IBUNAM); 1 male, 37 mi S San Luis Potosí UZ: 1 male, Córdoba males, 2a. Secc. Bosque de Chapultepec (UCB). SINALOA: 1 female, Concordia Cotaxtla, Exp. Sta. Cotax- (MHNCM). GUANAJUATO: 1 male, Inchama­ (UCD). SONORA: 1 female, 25 km W Sta. 2 females, La Playa Escon­ cuaro (CP); 1 male, Tarandacuaro, pastizal in­ Ana Viejo (UCD). TAMAULIPAS: 1 female, Jnti~CoJmar>an, Sierra de los Tux­ ducido (CP); 1 female, Tierra Blanca, matorral Río Soto La Marina, Soto La Marina, pastizal, (T AMU); 1 specimen xerófito (CP); 1 male, Roque (CP); 1 female en luz negra (UAT); 1 maJe, Hidalgo, Conrado Poza Rica (CP); 1 female, and 2 males, Purísima de Bustos (CP); 1 male, Castillo, bosque de pino (UAT); Gómez Parías, . Stn. (TAMU). YUCATÁN: San Bartolomé(CP); 1 male, Las Trancas (CP); Reserva El Cielo. Est. Los Cedros, 450 m snm Yucatán, Kalah Dzonot, light 2 females, Celaya (CP); 1 female, El Copa!, (TAMU). VERACRUZ: 1 female, Córdoba females, Reserva de Cuxtal matorral xerófito (CP). GUERRERO: 1 female, (USNM); 1 female, Córdoba, 930 m snm, tram­ and 1 male, Mérida Iguala, at black light (UCB); 1 female, 18 mi S pa de luz (UCB); 1 male, Orizaba (UCD); 1 Chilpancingo (UCD); 1 male, 5 km W Tixtla maJe, 19 km NW Ciudad Mendoza (UCB); 2 (CP); 1 male, 6 mi NE Tixtla (T AMU). HI­ males, 8 mi Coatepec S Jalapa, 4100' (UCB). DALGO: 1 female, Tulancingo (CP). JALIS­ ZACATECAS: 1 female, and 1 maJe, Concep­ CO: 21 females and 1 male, Guadalajara ción del Oro, light trap (TAMU); 1 female, 4 (USNM); 2 females, 3 mi SE Plan de Barrancas miNE Concepción del Oro (TAMU). (UCD); l female, 10 km NE Jalostotitlán Other localities: Mexico (Aguascalientes, (T AMU); 1 female, Sierra de Manantlán Lab. Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Distrito Mat. Las Joyas, Arroyo Las Joyas (IBUNAM); Federal, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalis­ species group. Includes 2 males, Zapopan (CIBE-UANL); 1 maJe, Ran­ co, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, A. burrus, A. smithi and five cho La Quinta, Teocaltiche, 5600' (UCD). MÉ• Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Querétaro, San Luis Po­ XICO: 7 females and 13 males, Chapingo, 2260 tosí, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Veracruz and laca­ m snm (CP); 1 maJe, Tenango del Aire (CP); 6 tecas) (collected between May-October and De­ females and 3 males, Texcoco, 2240 m snm, cember) and USA (South Dakota, Nebraska, (CP); 1 female, Tonatico (CP). MICHOACÁN: Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico and Cresson, 1872:188. Marsh and 2 females, 11 mi W Hidalgo (UCD); 3 maJe, Arizona) (Enderlein, (1918), 1920; Delfín and

221 Delfin-González and Wharton: Distribution of species and species groups of Aleiodes in Mexico (Gahan, 1917; Muesebeck and Wharton, 2000; Marsh and Shaw, 2001). Marsh and Shaw, 1999:105. Aleiodes Shenefelt, 1975; Marsh and St Distribution: Widely distributed in Mexico and (Eucystomastax) mexicanus Cresson: Shaw, Distribution: Mexico (collect USA. 1993:8. and September), USA and C Material examined: CHIAPAS: 1 maJe, 4 mi record for Mexico. Aleiodes burrus Cresson SW Simojovel (USNM). MÉXICO:! maJe, Río Blanca (?) (USNM); 1 female, Xilitla, 3500' UNPLACED SPECffiS Aleiodes burrus Cresson, 1869, 2:381. Delfín (USNM). MORELOS: 1 female, Yautepec and Wharton, 2000:60. Marsh and Shaw, (UCD). SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: 1 maJe, San Luis Aleiodes fumialis (Sh 2001: 297. Potosí, 16 km NE entronque Rayón-Cárdenas, Other localities: Mexico (Cresson, 1869), 1 10m (IBUNAM). TABASCO: 1 female, Tea­ Rhogas fumipennis Cameron Canada and USA (Marsh and Shaw, 2001). pa(BMNH). TAMAULIPAS: 2 fema!e, 3.5 km Rogasfumialis Shenefelt, 197 Distribution: Mexico; no specific localities pu­ W Gomez Farías, 550 m snm, b!ack light fumialis, Delfín and Whartor blished to date. (TAMU). VERACRUZ: 1 female, 25 mi S Other localities: Mexico (Ca Acayucan (USNM); 1 female, Orizaba (UCD); Distribution: Mexico; no speci Aleiodes smithi Marsh and Shaw 1 maJe, Córdoba (UCD); 1 maJe, Puente Nacio­ blished to date. nal 6 mi SE Rinconada, at light (UCB); 7 ma­ Aleiodes smithi Marsh and Shaw, 2001:300. les, Fortín, Col. Godman and Salvin 1904-1 Aleiodes nigripes (En Other localities: Canada (Ontario), USA (Flo­ (BMNH). UNSPECIFIED: 1 maJe, México, rida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Col. Godman and Salvin, 1904-1 (BMNH); 1 Pelecystoma nigripes Enderle: Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missou­ mal e (BMNH). 148. Aleiodes ni gripes, van A ri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Other localities: Mexico (Chiapas, Sinaloa and 61. Pennsylvania, Tennesse, Virginia, Wisconsin), Veracruz) and USA (Mississippi) (Shaw, 1993; Other localities: Mexico (Chi Mexico (Colima, Morelos, and Oaxaca) and Marsh and Shaw, 1999). (1918) 1920). Costa Rica (Marsh and Shaw, 2001). Distribution: Mexico (collected in March, Distribution: Mexico; no spec Distribution: Widely distributed in North and May-July and September-October) and USA. blished to date. Central America. Aleiodes politiceps (Gahan) Aleiodes scriptipennis (l 8. melanopterus (Erichson) species group. Shaw (1993) used the available genus-group na­ Rogas politiceps Gahan, 1917:206. Aleiodes Heterogamus scriptipennis E me Eucystomastax Brues for this group, treating politiceps, Shenefelt, 1975: 1243. Marsh and 1920:152. Aleiodes scriptipe. itas a subgenus. The subgeneric rank was sub­ Shaw, 1999:107. Delfín and Wharton, 2000:6 sequently abandoned (Marsh and Shaw, 1999), Material examined: NUEVO LEÓN: 1 fema­ Other localities: Mexico (Chi and replaced with the informal rank of species le, Allende, Raíces Río Ramos (UCR); 1 fema­ (1918) 1920). group in conformity with the rest of the cla­ le, Allende, Raíces Río Ramos (CIBE-UANL). Distribution: Mexico; no me ssification of Aleiodes as treated by Shaw et al. SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: 1 female, Xilitla, black blished to date. (1997). Includes A. mexicanus, A. politiceps, light(UCD). TAMAULIPAS: 1 male, Río Soto and two undescribed species. la Marina, Soto la Marina, pastizal, black light Aleiodes sonorensis (C (UAT); 1 female, Cd. Victoria, 4 km W Victo­ Aleiodes mexicanus Cresson ria, Cañón del Novillo, black light (TAMU). Cameron, 18 Other localities: USA (Arkansas, Virginia to Ro gas sonorensis sonorensis, Delfín and Whar Aleiodes mexicanus Cresson, 1869, 2:378, Florida, Texas and Tennessee) and Costa Rica

222 Folia Entomol. Mex., 41 (2) 2002 of Aleiodes in Mexico (Gahan, 1917; Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951; Other localities: Mexico (Sonora) (Cameron, 1999:105. Aleiodes Shenefelt, 1975; Marsh and Shaw, 1999). 1887). Distribution: Mexico (collected in May, June Distribution: Mexico; no more specific locali­ and September), USA and Costa Rica. First ties published to date. · CHIAPAS: 1 male, 4 mi record for Mexico . . MÉXICO:! male, Río DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS ; 1 female, Xilitla, 3500' UNPLACED SPECIES In the Rogadinae, Shaw (1993) hypothesized : 1 female, Yautepec that Aleiodes species are dominant in tempera te POTOSÍ: 1 male, San Luis Aleiodes fumialis (Shenefelt) zones, while members of the genus Rogas are entronque Rayón-Cárdenas, dominant in tropical regions. Available inform­ TABASCO: 1 female, Tea­ Rhogas fumipennis Cameron, 1887, 1:389. ation for Mexico is largely inadequate for test­ ULIPAS: 2 female, 3.5 km Rogasfumialis Shenefelt, 1975:1230. Aleiodes ing these hypotheses since known distribution 550 m snm, black light fumialis, Delfín and Wharton, 2000:61. patterns of Aleiodes largely reflect sampling ar­ UZ: 1 female, 25 mi S Other localities: Mexico (Cameron, 1887). tifacts. Thus, known distribution corresponds ; 1 female, Orizaba (UCD); Distribution: Mexico; no specific localities pu­ more to distinct collecting efforts (e.g. Oaxaca­ · 1 male, Puente Nacio­ blished to date. TAMU; Tamaulipas-UAT) than to any biologi­ ~vu.aua, at light (UCB); 7 ma­ cal patterns (Fig. 1). Nonetheless, the majority Godman and Salvin 1904-1 Aleiodes nigripes (Enderlein) of species exhibit a Neotropical distribution. . 1 male, México, Within Mexico, Aleiodes is widely distributed, Salvin, 1904-1 (BMNH); 1 Pelecystoma nigripes Enderlein, (1818) 1920: with records in 28 of the 31 states in the coun­ 148. Aleiodes nigripes, van Achterberg, 1991: try; the only exceptions being the states of Baja Mexico (Chiapas, Sinaloa and 61. California Norte, Campeche and Tlaxcala (Mississippi) (Shaw, 1993; Other localities: Mexico (Chiapas) (Enderlein, (Table 1). Though these records do not permit 1999). (1918) 1920). generalizations, the distribution of the two most Distribution: Mexico; no specific localities pu­ di verse species groups, seriatus and pulchripes, blished to date. suggest an Aleiodes richness pattern correspond­ ing to the general hypothesis, namely, more Aleiodes scriptipennis (Enderlein) diverse in the tropics than in higher latitudes (Matthews, 1974; Stevens, 1989; Wharton, Heterogamus scriptipennis Enderlein, (1918) 1993). 1920:152. Aleiodes scriptipennis (Enderlein), Fourteen species were previously included Delfín and Wharton, 2000:64. within the seriatus group. Their distribution in­ ·NUEVO LEÓN: 1 fema­ Other localities: Mexico (Chiapas) (Enderlein, dicates that this group is especially rich in the Río Ramos (UCR); 1 fema­ (1918) 1920). Americas, with one holarctic species, one pa­ Río Ramos (CIBE-UANL). Distribution: Mexico; no more localities pu­ learctic, six nearctic, five neotropical and one 1 female, Xilitla, black blished to date. with wide continental distribution (Marsh and AS: 1 male, Río Soto Shaw, 1998). Nine additional species were Marina, pastizal, black light Aleiodes sonorensis (Cameron) found during this study and, as a whole, these Cd. Victoria, 4 km W Victo­ are predominantly distributed in the tropical black light (TAMU). Rogas sonorensis Cameron, 1887:390. Aleiodes regions (Fig. 2). : USA (Arkansas, Virginia to sonorensis, Delfín and Wharton, 2000:64. In the New World, 12 species were previously Tennessee) and Costa Rica

223 Delfín-González and Wharton: Distribution of species and species groups of Aleiodes in Mexico included in the pulchripes group: five nearctic; 1995; Marsh and Shaw, 1998). four neotropical; and three with wide continen­ The little available information on biology of tal distribution (Shaw et al., 1997). In Mexico, members of the pulchripes species group biolo­ this group has nearctic elements in the northern gy indicates that they attack larvae of Geometri­ portian of the country and central plains, as well dae and Noctuidae (Shaw et al., 1997). Appa­ as neotropical species distributed on the slopes rently, the same host groups are used by both of the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific coast temperate and tropical members of these Aleio­ (Fig. 2). The additions from the Mexican fauna des species-groups, since most host records pro­ bring the totals to three known species with bably come from the Holarctic. As the neotro­ wide continental distribution, seven with nearc­ pical species groups are studied further, and tic affinity, seven with neotropical affinity and their distribution and biology better understood, one component in the Antilles. a more accurate distribution hypothesis can be The few available biological records indicate developed for them. that members of the seriatus species group para­ sitize juvenile Noctuidae and Arctiidae (Cave,

Table 1 Distribution of Aleiodes species in Mexico by state. eonsult text for specific localities. Does not include A. burrus, A. jumialis andA. pedalis as they ha ve no specific state records.

Figure l. Number of Aleiodes spec

species. Species are grouped at six 1 A B e e e e DD G GH J M M M N N o p Q Q S S S T T V y z G e H H O o F G T R G A E I O A L A U R R L I o A A E u A S S I A L o o 00 L X e R Y X E O O p N N B M R e e H S H H o

A. atriceps X X X X X X A. atricornis X X X X X X XXX XXX X X X X X XX X X X X A. cameronii X X X A. earinus X A. graphicus X X A. laphygmae X A. mexicanus X X X X X X X X A. malestus X X X X X X X X X X A. nigripes X A. nigristemmaticum X X X A. noiozophus X A. politiceps X X X A. rossi X A. scriptipennis X A. smithi X X X A. sonorensis X A. texanus X A. vaug,hani X X X X X Figure 2. Distribution of pulchripes Undescribed species 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 8 1 2 5 4 2 2 4 1 3 3

224 of Aleiodes in Mexico Folia Entomol. Mex., 41 (2) 2002

since most host records pro­ the Holarctic. As the neotro­ are studied further, and biology better understood, r .J!.-•-''L••• , hypothesis can be

Does not include A. burrus, A.

Figure l. Number of Aleiodes species recorded in Mexico by state. States are grouped according to number of recorded p Q Q S S S T T V y z species. Species are grouped at six intervals: O species, 1-2. 3-4, 5-6, 7-8 and 9-10. U R R L 1 O A A E u A EOOPNNBMR e e o

X X X X X X X X X X X X

X

X X X X X X X

X X X X X

X X

Figure 2. Distribution of pulchripes and seriatus species-groups in Mexico.

225 Delfin-González and Wharton: Distribution of species and species groups of Aleiodes in Mexico

AKNOWLEDGEMENT 8(2): 204-233. B rues and characterization of the n1 We are particularly grateful to R. Ayala Bara­ FRANA, J. E. AND 0' NEIL, R. J. 1994. Parasitism of late in­ menoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae: star larvae of the cattail caterpillar Simyra henricini tera Research, 2(1): 1-11. jas, C. Barr, A. González Hernández, T. Hudd­ (Grote) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Indiana. Journal of SHAW, S. R. 1995. Braconidae. In: I leston, R. Lomelí Flores, J. Fortier, P. Marsh, the Kansas Entomological Society, 66(4): 399-404. I. D. (eds.). The Hymenoptera ~ F. Noguera, E. Ruíz Cancino, J. Romero Ná­ Fox, W. J. (1894) 1895. Report on sorne Mexican Hyme­ University Press, Oxford. Cap. '" SHAW, S. R. 1997. Rogadinae s.s. poles, J. A. Sánchez García, M. R. Shaw, S. noptera, principally from lower California. Proceedings of California Academy of Sciences, 4: 1-25. Marsh, P. M. and Sharkey, M. J. R. Shaw, D. R. Smith, R. Snelling and R. Zu­ GAHAN, A. B. 1917. Descriptions of sorne new parasitic New World Genera ofthe Family 1 parko for loan material or provide useful re­ Hymenoptera. Proceedings ofthe United States National tera). Washington, D.C. USA. Ir prints of his work. The work has been supported Museum, 53: 195-217. terists Society. Special publicatio~ MARSH, P. 1979. Braconidae. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, SHAW, S. R., MARSH, P. M. ANDFOR in part by CONACYT under grant 25016-N. P. D., Smith, D. R. and B. D. Burks (eds.). Catalog of sion of North American Aleiodes Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, 1: 144-195. pulchripes Wesmael species-grot LITERATURE CITED MARSH, P. M. AND SHAW, S. R. 1998. Revision of the (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Roga ACHTERBERG, VANC. 1985. IV. The Aleiodes dispar-group North American Aleiodes Wesmael (part 3): the seriatus menoptera Research, 6: 10-35. of the palaearctic region (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Ro­ (Herrich-Schaeffer) species group (Hymenoptera: Bra­ SHAW, S. R., MARSH, P. M. ANDFOI gadinae). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 59: 178-187. conidae: Rogadinae). Proceedings of Entomological So­ vision of North AmericanAleiodeJ ACHTERBERG, VAN C. 1991. Revision of the genera of the ciety ofWashington, 100: 395-408. apicalis (Brulle) species-group in t noptera: Braconidae, Rogadillae). J Afrotropical and W. Palaearctic Rogadinae Foerster MARSH, P. M. ANDSIIAW, S. R. 1999. RevisionofNorth A­ (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, merican Aleiodes Wesmael (Part 5): The melanopterus Research, 7: 62-73. 273: 1-102. (Erichson) species-group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Ro­ SHAW, S. R., MARSH, P. M. ANDFOI ACHTERBERG, VAN C. 1993. Illustrated key to the subfa­ gadinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 8(1): 98- vision of N orth American Aleiode! milies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumo­ 108. albitibia Herrich-Schaeffer and pn noidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 283: 1-189. MARSH, P. M. ANDSHAW, S. R. 2001. Revision ofNorth A­ gronp in the New World (Hymeno CAMERON, P. 1887. Family Braconidae. In: Biologia Cen­ merican Aleiodes Wesmael (Part 6): The gasterator (Ju­ gadinae). Proceedings of Entamo trali Americana. Insecta. 1: 312-419. rine) and unipunctator (Thunberg) species-groups (Hy­ shington, !00: 553-565. CA VE, R. D. 1992. Inventory of parasitic organisms of the menoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae). Proceedings ofEnto­ SHENEFELT, R. D. 1975. Braconidae striped grass looper, Macis latipes (Lepidoptera: Noctui­ mological Society ofWashington, 103(2): 291-307. menopterorum Catalogus (nov. ed dae), in Honduras. Florida Entomologist, 75(4): 592-598. Matthews, R. W. 1974. Biology of Braconidae. Annual Re­ SHENEFELT, R. D. 1979. Sorne unUSl Cave, R. D. 1995. Manual para reconocimiento de parasi­ view of Entomology, 19: 15-32. noptera). Proceedings of Entamo toides de plagas agrícolas en Amé rica Central. El Zamo­ MuESEBECK, C. F. W.1960. New reared neotropical species shington, 81(1): 125-134. rano, Honduras, 195 pp. of Rogas Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Entomolo­ CRESSON, E. T. 1869. List of the North American species gical News, 71: 257-261. of the genus Aleiodes Wesmael. Transactions ofthe Ame­ MUESEBECK, C. F. W. AND WALKLEY, M. L. 1951. In: rican Entomological Society, 2: 377-382. Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. and Townes, H. CRESSON, E. T. 1872. Hymenoptera Texana. Transactions K. (eds.). Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. Sy­ ofthe American Entomological Society, 4: 153-292. noptic cata/ag. USDA Monograph No. 2: 91-184. DALLA TORRE, C. G. 1898. Catalogus Hymenopterorum. 4. SHARKEY, M. ANDWHARTON, R. A. 1997. Morphology and Braconidae. G. Englemann, Leipzig. 323 pp. terminology. In: Wharton, R. A., Marsh, P. M. and Shar DELFÍN, G. H. AND WHARTON, R. A. 2000. Historical re­ key, M. J. (eds.). Manual ofthe New World Genera ofthe view of the genera Rogas and Aleiodes in México, with a Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Washington, EUA, redescription of Aleiodes cameronii (Hymenoptera: Bra­ International Society of Hymenopterists. Special pu­ conidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 76(1): 58-70. blication 1: 21-40. ENDERLEIN, G. (1918) 1920. Zur Kenntnis aussereuro­ SHAW, M. R. 1983. On evolution of endoparasitism: the bio­ paischer Braconiden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 84 A logy of some genera of Rogadinae (Braconidae). Contri­ (11): 51-224. butions of the American Entomological Institute, 20: 307- Fortier, J. C. 1997. Cladistics of the Aleiodes lineage of the 328. subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Uni­ SHAW, M. R. ANDHUDDLESTON, T. 1991. Classijication and versity of Wyoming USA. Ph.D. dissertation. 132 pp. biology of braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). FORTIER, J. C. AND SHAW, S. R. 1999. 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