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Varieties of Chinese Experience in the Pacific
CSCSD Occasional Paper Number 1, 2007 Varieties of Chinese Experience in the Pacific Bill Willmott I was born and brought up in Chengdu, China, and my love affair with China has continued to this day. Overseas Chinese communities became the major focus of my academic research first in Cambodia, then in British Columbia, and most recently in the Pacific Island countries.1 My interest in Chinese communities has always been social and cultural rather than political. The policies and activities of successive Chinese governments have not received attention from me except to the extent that they affected the structure and activities of the Chinese community I was studying. In contrast, much of the recent literature on “Chinese in the Pacific” has been concerned with either the competition between Beijing and Taiwan or with the growing role of China in aid and trade in the region. Not much I have done contributes light on those topics. When I turned my attention to the South Pacific, it seemed to me that its Chinese communities represented a lacuna in the growing corpus of work on the thirty million Chinese abroad. In terms of books, there were only David Wu’s valuable study on Papua New Guinea, Stuart Greif’s less than satisfactory book on Fiji, Gérald Coppenrath’s outdated book on Tahiti, and Nancy Tom’s fictionalised account of Western Samoa.2 I began research with two aims in mind: to fill that lacuna with some useful information and to encourage resident Chinese to research their own communities. In both I have been only minimally successful, -
The Construction of Sino-Muslim Histories and Identities in the Early Twentieth Century
“Awakening” Country and Faith: The Construction of Sino-Muslim Histories and Identities in the Early Twentieth Century Mengyu Huang Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Prerequisite for Honors in East Asian Studies April 2012 © 2012 Mengyu Huang Acknowledgments It is my pleasure to thank the many people who made this thesis possible. Foremost, I must express sincere gratitude to my advisors Professors C. Pat Giersch and Y. Tak Matsusaka. Their guidance, encouragement, patience, and knowledge were all key ingredients in bringing this thesis to fruition. Professor Giersch’s “Chinese Frontier Experience, 1600 to the Present” seminar deserves credit for sparking and sustaining my interest in exploring Chinese ethnopolicy and Sino-Muslims. I am indebted to his advice throughout the initial planning and research stages. I am equally indebted to Professor Matsusaka for his assistance throughout the writing process. His careful reading of the drafts and always-insightful comments helped me sharpen my arguments and bring out the “melody” of each chapter. Any remaining mistakes are, of course, my own. I must also extend my gratitude to the East Asian Studies Department for being my academic home throughout my four years at Wellesley and to director Professor Katharine Moon for her tremendous efforts in strengthening the program and resources available to majors. Professors Ellen Widmer and David Lindauer also deserve many warm and heartfelt thanks for serving as my major advisors and for further enriching my undergraduate academic experience. The History Department deserves recognition for generously allowing me to participate in its honor thesis writing workshop. A special thanks to Professor Alejandra Osorio for leading the workshop and providing the extra push (i.e. -
Islamic Modernism in China: Chinese Muslim Elites, Guomindang Nation-Building, and the Limits of the Global Umma, 1900-1960
Islamic Modernism in China: Chinese Muslim Elites, Guomindang Nation-Building, and the Limits of the Global Umma, 1900-1960 John Tseh-han Chen Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2018 © 2018 John Tseh-han Chen All rights reserved ABSTRACT Islamic Modernism in China: Chinese Muslim Elites, Guomindang Nation-Building, and the Limits of the Global Umma, 1900-1960 John Tseh-han Chen Modern Chinese Muslims’ increasing connections with the Islamic world conditioned and were conditioned by their elites’ integrationist politics in China. Chinese Muslims (the “Hui”) faced a predicament during the Qing and Ottoman empire-to-nation transitions, seeking both increased contact with Muslims outside China and greater physical and sociopolitical security within the new Chinese nation-state. On the one hand, new communication and transport technologies allowed them unprecedented opportunities for transnational dialogue after centuries of real and perceived isolation. On the other, the Qing’s violent suppression of Muslim uprisings in the late nineteenth century loomed over them, as did the inescapable Han-centrism of Chinese nationalism, the ongoing intercommunal tensions between Muslims and Han, and the general territorial instability of China’s Republican era (1911-49). As a result, Islamic modernism—a set of positions emphasizing both reason and orthodoxy, and arguing that true or original Islam is compatible with science, education, democracy, women’s rights, and other “modern” norms— took on new meanings in the context of Chinese nation-making. In an emerging dynamic, ethos, and discourse of “transnationalist integrationism,” leading Chinese Muslims transformed Islamic modernism, a supposedly foreign body of thought meant to promote unity and renewal, into a reservoir of concepts and arguments to explain and justify the place of Islam and Muslims in China, and in so doing made it an integral component of Chinese state- and nation-building. -
Lum, William Wong, Dbmp. Theses and Dissertations on Asians
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 109 296 UD, 015 378 AUTHOR Ong, Paul M., Comp.; Lum, William Wong,dbmp. TITLE Theses and Dissertations on Asians in the United States with Selection References to Other Overseas Asians. INSTITUTION California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Applied Behavioral Sciences. PUB DATE Sep 74 ,NOTE 120p..; Revised edition of "Asians in America: A %4 Bibliography of Master's Theses and ')octoral° Dissertations," compiled by William Wong Lum EDRS,PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$5.70 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Acculturation; *Asian Americans; Bias; *Bibliographies; Chinese Americans; Cultural Factors; *Doctoral Theses; Economic Factors; Filipino Americans; *Immigrants; Japanese Americans; Korean Americans; *Masters Theses; Social Factors; United b States History ABSTRACT This bibliography is stated to be a major revisionof an earlier compilation of thesesand dissertations relating to Asians in America, and includes approximately poo new titles.The titles are arranged by ethnic groups within broadgeographic categories, and topical' areas are outlined for ethnic subdivisions containing a substantial number of citations. ,A key word index providedis limited to broad topics not used in the textual divisions to proper nouns, and to a more specific geographic cross-listing. Although no institutional index is included, a cursory examinationof the compilation is stated to show that more than a third of thetheses and dissertations were done at the University ofHawaii, University of Chicago, Columbia University,University of Southern California, ;Oranford University, and Universityof California', LosAngeles and fferkeley campuses. The citations were selected primarily on thebasis of key words and phrases in the titles. Shelisting on overseas immigrant Asians is divided into two parts. "Asians inthe Other Americas" contains works on the Asian experience inCanada and Latin America. -
Downloads/Plantation Island Compendium 2017.Pdf (Accessed on 22 May 2021)
sustainability Article Groundwater, Graves and Golf: Layers of Heritage Tourism on a Fiji Resort Island Dirk H. R. Spennemann Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia; [email protected] Abstract: While island resorts in the South Pacific are primarily marketed as sun, sea and sand destinations, cultural dimensions value-add to and diversify the product for mixed audiences. Resort developments require, at minimum, the compliance with legally mandated environmental standards and adherence to national employment legislation. Socio-culturally and environmentally sustainable tourism concepts should exceed mandated environmental standards and be characterised by a close involvement with and respect for the expectations of local host communities who may hold land and/or traditional usufruct rights. But do resort developments comply? Using an example of a resort established on free-hold land during the pioneering days of resort development in Fiji, the aim of this paper is to provide a deliberation of the tension between organic resort development and sustainable tourism on private land. It will show that, where cultural and environmental planning controls were absent, development not only could progress unfettered but also that changes to tourism philosophies are not necessarily reflected in changes to a resort. The island of Malolo Lailai (Viti Levu, Fiji) has a rich and multi-layered history and heritage (Fijian, European and Chinese plantations, resort development) that provides an opportunity to value-add to the tourist experience. In reality, however, the ongoing resort development extinguishes past histories in favour of a post- occupation, twentieth-century colonial settler narrative, where heritage sites are merely allowed to Citation: Spennemann, D.H.R. -
Economic Development, Democracy and Ethnic Conflict in the Fiji Islands
Macro Study Minority Rights Development& Economic Development, Democracy and Ethnic Conflict in the Fiji Islands The study discusses a complex situation whereby a Executive summary numerically-dominant indigenous community asserts that it is vulnerable and therefore demands a dominant role in ebates about the protection and advancement of group governance. The reasons for such claims are explored, as is the and minority rights have shaped post-independence indigenous Fijians’ real and perceived sense of exclusion from Dpolitical development in the Fiji Islands. This study the mainstream commercial economy. examines how the debates about minority and majority Indo-Fijians, however, also perceive themselves to be communities or group rights have been affected by the vulnerable – and are arguably more so – because of their development processes, and how they have shaped the diluted political rights, their precarious access to lands leased contours of political development. It traces the origins of from indigenous landowners, the scars of two military coups, economic inequalities and social separateness between and ethnic violence associated with the overthrow of the indigenous Fijians, Indo-Fijians and smaller minority groups, democratically-elected government in 2000. under a colonial construction that emphasized ‘race’ as the Smaller minority groups, such as the Banabans and the basis for organizing politics and the economy. Melanesian community, also face economic exclusion. Their plight is often overshadowed by the overriding focus, both PANOS PICTURES inside and outside Fiji, on the rights and interests of the two larger groups. With dominant and minority communities experiencing deep anxieties, and real and perceived uncertainties, policy-makers need to understand the underlying causes, as well as the prevailing group psychology. -
The China Alternative
THE CHINA ALTERNATIVE CHANGING REGIONAL ORDER IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS THE CHINA ALTERNATIVE CHANGING REGIONAL ORDER IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS EDITED BY GRAEME SMITH AND TERENCE WESLEY-SMITH PACIFIC SERIES Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760464165 ISBN (online): 9781760464172 WorldCat (print): 1238049900 WorldCat (online): 1238049886 DOI: 10.22459/CA.2021 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: Shaun Gessler. This edition © 2021 ANU Press Contents Opening Remarks . vii Ralph Regenvanu and Dame Meg Taylor Introduction: The Return of Great Power Competition . 1 Terence Wesley-Smith and Graeme Smith 1 . Mapping the Blue Pacific in a Changing Regional Order . 41 Tarcisius Kabutaulaka 2 . A New Cold War? Implications for the Pacific Islands . 71 Terence Wesley-Smith 3 . Australia’s Response to China in the Pacific: From Alert to Alarmed . 107 Merriden Varrall 4 . China’s Impact on New Zealand Foreign Policy in the Pacific: The Pacific Reset . 143 Iati Iati 5 . Associations Freely Chosen: New Geopolitics in the North Pacific . 167 Gerard A . Finin 6 . Stable, Democratic and Western: China and French Colonialism in the Pacific . 197 Nic Maclellan 7 . A Reevaluation of China’s Engagement in the Pacific Islands . 233 Zhou Fangyin 8 . Domestic Political Reforms and China’s Diplomacy in the Pacific: The Case of Foreign Aid . -
Dynamics of Language Contact in China: Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Variation in Yunnan
University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa PhD Dissertation Dynamics of Language Contact in China: Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Variation in Yunnan Katie B. Gao 2017 A dissertation submitted to the UHM Graduate Division in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics Dissertation committee: Katie Drager, Chairperson Andrea Berez-Kroeker David Bradley Lyle Campbell Everett Wingert 献给纾含和她的家人 For Shuhan and her family Acknowledgments This dissertation is by no means a product of just one person but was made possible by generous funding agencies, patient mentors and research partners, and encouraging friends and family. I am grateful to the following groups who fnancially supported the research that led to this dissertation: the National Science Foundation, for feld research to supplement the Catalogue of Endangered Languages; the Bilinski Educational Foundation, for feld research and proposal development; the UH Mānoa College of Arts and Sciences for feld research; the UH Mānoa College of Languages, Linguistics and Literature, for dissertation development; the UH Mānoa Graduate Student Organization, for conference funding; and the Department of Linguistics for making my graduate student career fnancially feasible. I would like to thank my chair and mentor, Katie Drager, for her practical guidance on papers, professional development, and life in general. I am a better thinker and writer because of your whys and so whats over the years. To the rest of my wonderful committee: Andrea, thank you for being a steady support with your always-sound advice throughout my time at UH ; Lyle, thank you for your willingness to help at any time with any question or issue from theory to funding; David, thank you for being a source of information and encouragement from the beginning of my interest to pursue research in Yunnan; and Ev, thank you for sharing your love of cartographic design through your teaching and stories, you’re a main reason why there are maps in my dissertation. -
[Working Title: Chinese Muslim Students at Al-Azhar University]
Chinese Students of Al-Azhar and their impact on Sino-Egyptian Relations Maurice Gajan Abstract China‟s Muslims, a diverse minority of approximately 23 million people, have played an influential role in Chinese foreign policy throughout the past century. Successive Chinese governments have employed the transnational ties of the Muslim minority, as a diplomatic tool to establish and strengthen its ties with Islamic countries As one aspect of this Islamic diplomacy, China has sponsored the scholarship of Chinese Muslims at Cairo‟s renowned Al- Azhar University This paper assesses the influence of Chinese Al-Azhar students on Sino- Egyptian relations since the 1930s, focusing on the students‟ individual agency. In the 1930s, the Guomindang first sponsored the education of Hui Muslim scholars at Al-Azhar. Chinese Azharites of that time became influential in shaping Sino-Egyptian relations, often engaging in informal „citizen diplomacy‟. After the Chinese revolution in 1949, the Communist government terminated the scholarship program to Al-Azhar. Yet, it continued to exploit Chinese Muslims‟ transnational ties to establish relations with Islamic countries. The economic and political opening of China since the late 1970s saw the re-establishment of state-sponsored scholarships to Al-Azhar. Since then, the number of Chinese Al-Azhar students has been on the rise; the vast majority of them, however, arrive without scholarships. China‟s increasing economic and political power, as well as the all-encompassing nation state, have rendered Islamic diplomacy continuously less important. Thus, the current generation of Chinese Azharites does not wield nearly the same influence, as the scholars of the 1930s. -
Reflections on the Studies of Overseas Chinese in the Pacific*
Reflections on the Studies of Overseas Chinese in the Pacific* Yuan-Chao Tung Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology National Taiwan University Introduction Population movement has been a constant phenomenon in human societies before and after the term globalization came into existence. Equipped with navigational skills, the Austronesian-speakers have used the Pacific Ocean like a highway. Yet, on the high sea, there have been other non-Austronesian speakers, notably Europeans and Asians. Europeans intermittently visited the Pacific first as explorers and traders and gradually became settled planters and colonists in the 19th century. There were settler colonies such as Australia and New Zealand under the British influence and New Caledonia under the French control. Sugarcane plantations in Queensland and Fiji, phosphate mines in Banaba (Kiribati), Makatea (French Polynesia) and Nauru and coconut plantations on many islands all needed external labor for the exploitation of resources. This imbalance of labor was a significant force in the shaping of contemporary composition of populations in the Pacific. People moved from densely populated areas to where laborers * Revised version of the paper presented at the International Conference on Retrospects and Prospects of Pacific Islands Studies in Taiwan held by CAPAS, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, June 24, 2005. Publications reviewed in this article are limited to those available in libraries in Taipei area, through electronic journals and interlibrary loans. University libraries have a better collection of studies on Australia and New Zealand Chinese due to recent immigration from Taiwan to these two countries. Publications on other small Pacific societies are scant. Internet provides some information concerning the Chinese presence, but the information is hardly scholarly. -
Qiaowu and the Overseas Chinese
Hand-in-Hand, Heart-to-Heart: Qiaowu and the Overseas Chinese _____________________________________________________________________ A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the University of Canterbury by James Jiann Hua TO ___________________________________________________________ University of Canterbury 2009 Table of Contents Acknowledgements iv Abstract v Notes on Romanization of Chinese vi List of Acronyms and Abbreviations vii Figure 1: Relationships Between the Qiaowu Apparatus and the viii Extended State Bureaucracy 1.00 Introduction 1 1.01 A Comparison: Incorporating the Turkish Diaspora in Europe 3 1.02 Introduction to the Extant Literature 7 1.03 Aims of this Research 10 1.04 Importance of Qiaowu Research to International Relations 11 1.05 Political/Social Control 13 1.06 Qiaowu for the 21st Century 15 1.07 Problems with Assessing Qiaowu 16 1.08 Methodology 17 1.09 Thesis Outline 21 st 2.00 Mobilizing the OC in the 21 Century 23 2.01 Capitalizing on the Olympic Spirit 23 2.02 The 1989 Tiananmen Incident 26 2.03 The CCP’s Ideological Work and Influence on PRC Students 28 2.04 The 2008 Olympic Torch Rallies 30 2.05 Another Evolution in Qiaowu 34 2.05 Conclusion 35 3.00 Unveiling Qiaowu 36 3.01 The Role of the OC for the CCP-led Party-State 36 3.02 Political Mobilization 38 3.03 Espionage 41 3.04 Unveiling Qiaowu 44 3.05 Service for the OC: Qiaowu Cadres and Their Duties 46 3.06 The CCP’s Guiding Hand 50 3.07 A Brief History of Qiaowu Organizational Structure -
Select Bibliography on China and the Chinese in the Pacific
CSCSD Occasional Paper Number 1, 2007 Select Bibliography of Chinese in the Pacific1 Paul D’Arcy Ali, Bessie Ng Kumlin, Chinese in Fiji (Suva: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, 2002). AusAID, Australian aid: promoting growth and stability. White paper on the Australian Government’s overseas aid program (Canberra, AusAID, April 2006). Austin, Greg, China’s Ocean Frontier: International Law, Military Force and National Development (St. Leonards, N.S.W.: Allen and Unwin, 1998). Ayson, Robert, “New Zealand and East Asia's Security Future,” Outlook Edition 3, Wellington: Asia-New Zealand Foundation, April 2006. Baker, Hugh, A Chinese Lineage Village: Sheung Shui (London, Frank Cass, 1968). Baker, Rodger, “China’s Concerns in 2007: Fears of a Perfect Storm,” Stratfor Forecasting, 31 January 2007. http://www.stratfor.com/products/premium/read_article.php?id=283660. Barnes, Greg, “Mining Australian Goodwill,” South China Morning Post, 30 January 2007. Bowring, Philip, “Beijing’s satellite blast reverberates in Washington,” International Herald Tribune, 21 January 2007. Burns, Margarete E., “Of Tongues and Temporalities: Notes towards an Understanding of the Recent Past in French Polynesia,” The Journal of Pacific History, 35, 2 (2000): 181-93. Cahill, Peter, “Chinese in Rabaul – 1921 to 1942: Normal Practices, or Containing the Yellow Peril?,” The Journal of Pacific History, 31,1, (1996): 72-91. Carlisle, Lonny, “The political economy of tourism and tourist development in Micronesia,” paper presented at the European Society for Oceanists Conference, Leiden, 1991. Chang, Gordon, “China in Revolt”, Commentary Magazine, December 2006 http://www.commentarymagazine.com/cm/main/viewArticle.aip?id=10798&page =all.