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Oroxylum Indicum Vent. - a Potential Anticancer Medicinal Plant

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Oroxylum Indicum Vent. - a Potential Anticancer Medicinal Plant Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol.l(l), July 2002, pp. 17-21 Oroxylum indicum Vent. - A potential anticancer medicinal plant A AMao Botani cal Survey of Indi a, Eastern Circle, Laitumkhrah, Shillong-793 003, Meghalaya, India Received 2J November 2001 The paper presents the use of Oroxylwn indiculII bark decocti on for cancer treatment and an interview of a cancer pati ent from Senapati di stri ct, Manipur, India, who has been cured by the treatment. Also, it present s the va ri ous local uses of the pl ant by different ethnic groups in Manipur. Keywords: Oroxyllllll illdicUI/I , anti cancer pl ant, Shakbang, Maram Naga, Senapati Manipur. Oroxylum indiculIl Vent. , a member of 0. indicwn is a small or medium sized fa mily Bignoni aceae, is a well known deciduous tree, 5-15 m high, laxly medi cinal plant used fo r the treatment of branched or un-branched, branches erect various ailments by the people of or sub-erect; bark greyish corky ; leaves 1- Indi a l.2.4-7. However, the present report of 2 m long; leafl ets 5.5-15 cm long, ovate, its effective use in curing a dreaded di s­ broadl y ovate-orbicular, obtuse to acumi­ ease like cancer is the first of its kind and nate, base usually oblique, often cordate the information will be encouraging to or sub-cordate, pale beneath; racemes pharmaceutical compani es as well as to terminal, stout, up to 2 m long, erect; the common peopl e. fl owers 8-10 cm across, greenish-yellow During a botani cal exploration tour to purple tinged, fl eshy; pods black, droop­ Senapati di strict ( 1999) which is situated ing, 40-80 cm long; seeds white winged in the northern part of Manipur state, the all around, 3-8 cm long (Fig. I). The author learned from Maram Naga vill ag­ pl ants are mostly sighted along the ri ver­ ers th at a man of about 50 years of age banks or slopes of the hills. Except in the had suffered from nasopharyngeal cancer western drier area, the pl ant is di stributed J and was cured by taking the decoction of throughout India and south east Asia . 0. indicum bark . The pl ant is known in Regional and other names of the plant Maram Naga vernacul ar as "Shakbang" . are as fo llows: Assam - Bhatghila, din­ The paper is based on an authentic inter­ gari, loguna; Ayurveda - Syonaka ; Ben­ view of the man by the author and hi gh­ gali - Nasona, sona, sonpatti; Gujarati - lights the potenti al use of O. indicum as Aralu, tentu; Hindi - Arlu, saona, ullu; an anticancer medi cin al plant. Kannada - Bunepale, sonepatta, tigdu ; 18 INDIAN J TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, VOL I, No. I, JULY 2002 Malayalam - Palagapaiyani; Marathi - i) Treatment Tetu; Nepal & Lepcha - Tatola; Oriya - About 1.0 kg of fresh bark was boiled Phapni, phonphonia; Punjab - Mulin, in 5 litres of water for 30-40 mjnutes and tatmorang; Sanskrit - Shyonaka; Tamil - the decoction was filtered in bottles. A Achi, peiarianthei; Telugu - Dundilum, cup (tea cup) of this decoction alone or pampini. with honey was given three times a day to the patient. The honey was added to the decoction to neutralise the bitter taste. A. Interview of the cancer patient The author visited the home of a man ii) Result of treatment of about 50 years of age who had suffered The family said that it was a miracle. nasopharyngeal cancer and got cured by Following the treatment for 2 weeks the taking the decoction of O. indicum bark. patient was free from the terrible pain and He was interviewed by the author to get the swelling of the face slowly subsided. first hand information about him (Fig. 2). However, the left eye lost sight. They The man related to the author the genesis said it could be due to the terrible pain of his problem. It was told that he devel­ and swelling of the face he had suffered oped terrible pain in the throat, mouth and for a long time before the treatment and face in 1995. His face was swollen and may not be due to the side effect of the bleeding started from the nose. He went decoction. The patient had the feeling of to Regional Medical College, Imphal, numbness on the left side of his face. The Manipur for treatment but could not be author again visited the patient in cured. He was referred to Dr. B. Borooah September 2000 and found him living a Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India and bi­ normal life. He has no pain or swelling opsies from the institute revealed that he but as a precaution he still continues to was suffering from nasopharyngeal can­ take the decoction 3 times a day. The cer (Fig. 2). He underwent chemotherapy family is grateful to the Tangkhul Naga at Dr. Borooah Cancer Institute but could friend for the information, otherwise they not be cured. The family was told by the think that the patient might have died doctors of the Institute that they could not already. cure him and advised them to take him home for rest. The doctors of the institute B. Other local uses told the family that he may live only for On interviewing various other tribes in about 6 months i.e. till November 1996. the state such as Anal, Kuki, Mao, Ma­ On returning home to Manipur, however, ram, Tangkhul and Zeliangrong, it has one-day the patient's son was told by a been learned that the plant is being used fellow Tangkhul Naga tribe that his uncle by these tribals for the treatment of vari­ had also suffered from similar disease but ous ailments. The decoction of the bark is got cured after taking the decoction of O. taken for curing gastric ulcer and a paste indicum bark. On learning this, the family made of the bark is applied to mouth treated him as follows: cancer, scabies and other skin diseases. MAO: OROXYLUM INDICUM-ANTICANCER PLANT 19 3CM f 3CM 3 c A Fig. I .-OroxylulIl indicwlI Vent. -A. Tree in fruit. B. Leaves. C. Fruit. 20 INDIAN J TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, VOL 1, No. I, JULY 2002 ~~<If 1Jo<iB;,? ~'IIJ· · A 8 I c Fig. 2-A. Showing the patient interviewed. B. Certificate from the Hospital. C. Status of the Institute MAO: OROXYLUM INDICUM-ANTICANCER PLANT 21 The seed is ground with fire-soot and the testing for the reported efficacies. Special paste applied to the neck for quick relief attention should be given to the reported of tonsil pain. curing properties of the plant for cancer Also, a paste made of the bark is ap­ and other tumours. It cannot be ruled out plied to the wounds of animals to kill that the plant may have a major role in maggots. Decoction of the bark is given formulating the life saving drugs for to animals for deworming. It was also many patients dying of the dreaded can­ interesting to learn that the sword-like cer. fruit or a branch of the plant is used by the farmers to kill crabs in wet paddy Acknowledgement fields. The black crab species in particu­ The author wishes to thank Dr. T.M. lar make holes on the contours of wet Hynniewta, Scientist-in-Charge, Botani­ paddy fields through which water is cal Survey of India, Eastern Circle, Shil­ drained off. This is a serious problem long for the facilities provided during the faced by the farmers as it dries the field work. and seriously affects the yield of rice crop. To combat this problem, the farmers insert a fruit or branch of the tree in the References hole of the crabs to kill them. It was told Agrawal V S & Ghosh B, Drug Plants of India. (Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi), 1985, that the crab normally dies inside the 188. hole. They have no explanation for as to 2 Anonymous, The Wealth of India - Raw Ma­ how it killed the crab but the author as­ terials, Vol 7, (C.S.I.R., New Delhi), 1966, sumed that it might be acting as a poison 107. bait. On the other hand, it was surprising 3 Haridasan K & Rao R R, Forest Flora of to learn that the young sword-like fruits Meghalaya, Vol 11. ,(Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh), 1987, 656. are edible and local people use it as 4 Jain S K, Dictionary of Indian Folk Medicine vegetable. and Ethl1obotal1Y, (Deep Publications, New Delhi ), 1991, 135. Discussion 5 Kirtikar K R, Basu B D & an I.C.S. (retd), The use of the plant parts by various Indian Medicinal Plants. 2nd edn, Vol 3, (Lalit communities in India, especially the tribal Mohan Basu, Allahabad), 1935, 1839. people, for various ailments no doubt in­ 6 Saklani A & Jain S K. Cross· cultural Ethl1o­ botany of Northeast India. (Deep Publication, dicates that the plant must have medicinal New Delhi), 1994, 135. properties in it. Therefore, the plant re­ 7 Varghese E, Applied Ethnobotany - A case quires a thorough screening of its bioac­ sllldy among Kharias of central India, (Deep tive chemical properties and clinical Publications, New Delhi), 1996, 150. ' .
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