Dinamika Persenjataan Angkatan Laut China Tesis

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Dinamika Persenjataan Angkatan Laut China Tesis UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA DINAMIKA PERSENJATAAN ANGKATAN LAUT CHINA TESIS Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Sains dalam Ilmu Hubungan Internasional MURAD F. ALHALAYQAH 1006803852 FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK PROGRAM MAGISTER ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL JAKARTA JUNI 2012 Dinamika..., Murad F. Alhalayqah, FISIP UI, 2012 Dinamika..., Murad F. Alhalayqah, FISIP UI, 2012 Dinamika..., Murad F. Alhalayqah, FISIP UI, 2012 KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur saya panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya, saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Penulisan skripsi ini dilakukan dalam rangka memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk mencapai gelar Magister Hubungan Internasional pada Program Studi Hubungan Internasional (Keamanan Internasional) Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia. Saya menyadari bahwa, tanpa bantuan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak, dari masa perkuliahan sampai pada penyusunan skripsi ini, sangatlah sulit bagi saya menyelesaikan tesis ini. Oleh karena itu, saya mengucapkan terima kasih kepada: (1) Semua pihak pemerintah Republik Indonesia dan Rakyat Indonesia atas kesempatan yang diberikan kepada saya untuk menuntut ilmu; (2) Pihak Kedutaan Besar Palestina yang telah banyak memberikan bantuan dan dorongan; (3) Pak Andi Widjajanto dosen pembimbing yang telah menyediakan waktu, tenaga, dan pikiran untuk mengarahkan saya dalam penyusunan skripsi ini; Mas Yeremia Lalisang sebagai penguji ahli, Pak. Zainuddin Djafar sebagai ketua sidang, serta Mbak Asra Virgianita sebagai sekretaris; (4) Kedua orang tua saya tercinta yang telah sangat sabar menghadapi, mendukung serta memberikan doa yang tiada akhir. Kedua Saudara-saudara saya Muhammad, Ahmad, Mu’ayad, Muhannad, dan Marwan atas segala dukungan dan semangatnya; (5) Keluarga saya tercinta di Indonesia keluarga Pak Agus Silaban dan kepada Ibu Risma atas semua dukungan moral, bantuan dan semangatnya sejak saya bermukim di Indonesia; (6) Staf dosen pengajar S2 HI yang telah banyak membantu dan berbagi ilmunya terutama Pak Hariyadi Wirawan, Pak Edy Prasetyono, Mbak Evi Fitriani, Pak Makmur Keliat, Mas Broto Wardoyo, Pak Bantarto Bandoro; (7) Paman saya dan Pak Tahir Hamad atas semua bantuan, dukungan moral dan semangat yang memberikan kepada saya sejak saya bermukim di Indonesia; iv Dinamika..., Murad F. Alhalayqah, FISIP UI, 2012 Kedua Saudara saya Fadi dan Abdallah Bargouthi atas semua dukungan yang tak bisa saya sebutkan satu persatu; (8) Sahabat yang telah banyak membantu saya dalam menyelesaikan tesis ini terutama Akbar Subekti, Epica Mustika Putro, Fahmi Tarumanegara, Reynaldo De Archellie, Yusa, Donny, Choki, Meita, Sally, Puti, Adina, Nuri, Rinda, Lutfi, Heri, Ivo, Edit, Virgie, Ruth, Adi, Deska, dan teman- teman S2 lainnya yang tidak menggurangi hormat saya tidak sempat disebutkan di sini; (9) Pihak-pihak lainnya yang juga turut membantu هذا اجلهد همدى اىل درة نساء هلأ الارض....اىل اليت أمحلها يف درر ي امدوية..... ىل ا درر ي امدوية..... رامد ي Akhir kata, saya berharap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa berkenan membalas segala kebaikan semua pihak yang telah membantu. Semoga skripsi ini membawa manfaat bagi pengembangan ilmu. Depok, 25 Juni 2012 Murad F. Alhalayqah v Dinamika..., Murad F. Alhalayqah, FISIP UI, 2012 Dinamika..., Murad F. Alhalayqah, FISIP UI, 2012 ABSTRAK Nama : Murad F. Alhalayqah Program Studi : Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Judul : Dinamika Persenjataan Angkatan Laut China Tesis ini meneliti mengenai dinamika persenjataan Angkatan Laut China. Teori yang digunakan adalah Model Domestic Structure oleh Barry Buzan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan studi kepustakaan sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa berdasarkan analisa dari empat indikator dalam dinamika persenjataan Angkatan Laut China, Angkatan Laut China dikategorikan sebagai Blue-water navy. Selain itu, indikator pembangunan dalam dinamika persenjataan Angkatan Laut China selama dua dekade terakhir menunjukkan pad proses “build-up” bukan hanya modernisasi. Berdasarkan analisa empat indikator Model Domestic Structure, penelitian ini juga menggambarkan perubahan, dan peningkatan dalam industri pertahanan China dan dampaknya terhadap proses pembangunan dan modernisasi dalam struktur kekuatan Angkatan Laut China, dan menemukan bahwa, peningkatan terakhir dalam industri pertahanan China memiliki dampak sgnifikan pada proses pembangunan modernisasi Angkatan. Kata kunci: Domestic Structure Model, Angkatan Laut China, Blue-water navy, modernisasi. vii Dinamika..., Murad F. Alhalayqah, FISIP UI, 2012 ABSTRACT Name : Murad F. Alhalayqah Study Program : International Relations Title : Dinamika Persenjataan Angkatan Laut China This thesis researches about Arms Dynamic of Chinese Navy. Domestic Structure Model by Barry Buzan are the theory used in this research. This thesis uses a quantitative research method as means of collecting data. This research concludes that from the analyzing of the the indicators of arms dynamics of the Chinese Navy, Chinese Navy is categorized as a Blue-water navy. Besides of that, the indicator of the last two decades development in the arms dynamics of Chinese Navy refer to build-up process, not only modernization. Based on the analyzing of the four indicators of the Domestic Structure Model, this research also illustrates the nature of the recent interactions, changes, and improvements in the Chinese defense industry and its impact on the process of modernization and development in the power structure of Chinese Navy, and found that, the last improvements of the Chinese defense industry had a decisive impact on Chinese Navy modernization and development process. Keywords: Domestic Structure Model, Chinese Navy, Blue-water navy, modernization. viii Dinamika..., Murad F. Alhalayqah, FISIP UI, 2012 DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ....................................................... ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... iii KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iv LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .............................. vi ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ vii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xi DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................................. 1 1.2 Perumusan masalah ........................................................................................... 5 1.3 Metodologi Penelitian .................................................................................... 7 1.4 . Kerangka Teori ............................................................................................... 8 1.4.1 Tinjauan Pustaka ...................................................................................... 8 1.4.2 . Konsep Utama ........................................................................................ 12 1.5 Tujuan dan Signifikansi Penelitian ............................................................... 18 1.6 Sistematika Penelitian .................................................................................. 19 BAB 2 MODERNISASI ANGAKTAN LAUT CHINA ........................................... 21 2.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................................ 21 2.2 Modernisasi dan Pembangunan PLAN .............................................................. 25 2.2.1 Doktrin dan Strategi Pertahanan ................................................................ 47 2.2.2 Postur kekuatan dan Gelar Pasukan ........................................................... 40 BAB 3. ASPEK LAIN DALAM MODERNISASI PLAN ....................................... 77 3.1 Anggaran Pertahanan ...................................................................................... 77 3.2 Sumber Sistem Senjata dan Teknologi militer ................................................... 81 3.3 Sistem Senjata PLAN ...................................................................................... 91 3.4 PLAN: Blue-Water Navy atau Belum? Modernization atau Build-up? .............. 117 BAB 4. MODEL “DOMESTIC STRUCTURE” ................................................... 127 ix Dinamika..., Murad F. Alhalayqah, FISIP UI, 2012 4.1 Institusionalisasi R&D Militer ....................................................................... 127 4.2 Institusionalisasi Produksi Militer .................................................................. 135 4.3 Manajemen Ekonomi .................................................................................... 144 4.4 Kompleks Industri Militer China .................................................................... 149 BAB 5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................
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