Оборонная Промышленность И Торговля Вооружениями Кнр 4 Isbn 978-5-7893-0178- Центр Анализа Стратегий И Технологий Российский Институт Стратегических Исследований

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Оборонная Промышленность И Торговля Вооружениями Кнр 4 Isbn 978-5-7893-0178- Центр Анализа Стратегий И Технологий Российский Институт Стратегических Исследований Оборонная промышленность вооружениями и торговля КНР ЦЕНТР АНАЛИЗА СТРАТЕГИЙ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ РИСИ РОССИЙСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ М. С. Барабанов, В. Б. Кашин, К. В. Макиенко Оборонная промышленность и торговля вооружениями ISBN 978-5-7893-0178-4 КНР Центр анализа стратегий и технологий Российский институт стратегических исследований М. С. Барабанов В. Б. Кашин К. В. Макиенко Оборонная промышленность и торговля вооружениями КНР Москва 2013 УДК 338.23 (510) ББК 65.30(5Кит) О 22 Барабанов М. С., Кашин В. Б., Макиенко К. В. О 22 Оборонная промышленность и торговля вооружениями КНР / М. С. Барабанов, В. Б. Кашин, К. В. Макиенко ; Центр анализа стратегий и технологий ; Рос. ин-т стратег. исслед. – М., 2013. – 272 с. ISBN 978-5-7893-0178-4 Китай на наших глазах становится одной их крупнейших военных держав мира и одним из ведущих производителей современных вооруже- ний и военной техники. В настоящем издании представлены характери- стика оборонной промышленности, основных показателей работы отрас- ли и управления ею, а также описывается структура оборонного экспорта КНР. Издание предназначено для специалистов в области экономики обо- ронно-промышленного комплекса, других отраслей экономики, китаеве- дов, историков, а также тех, кто интересуется современной геополитиче- ской обстановкой в странах Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона. УДК 338.23 (510) ББК 65.30(5Кит) ISBN 978-5-7893-0178-4 © Барабанов М. С., Кашин В. Б., Макиенко К. В., 2013 © Центр анализа стратегий и технологий, 2013 © Российский институт стратегических исследований, 2013 3 ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ Список сокращений ......................................................................................... 5 Введение .............................................................................................................. 8 Глава 1. Оборонная промышленность КНР .............................................. 11 1.1. Общая характеристика оборонной промышленности КНР ...... 11 1.2. Структура государственного управления оборонной промышленностью ............................................................................... 15 Комиссия по надзору и управлению госимуществом ............ 15 ГУОНТП и Министерство промышленности и информатизации ................................................................... 16 Главное управление вооружений НОАК ................................... 17 1.3. Институциональный пейзаж оборонной промышленности КНР ........................................................................ 19 Предприятия авиационной промышленности ........................ 19 Производители вооружений и военной техники .................... 25 Предприятия ракетно-космической промышленности ........ 30 Судостроительные предприятия ................................................. 42 Предприятия электронной отрасли ............................................ 43 1.4. Обзор некоторых отраслей оборонной промышленности КНР ........................................................................ 44 Case study 1. Кораблестроение ...................................................... 44 Case study 2. Двигателестроение ................................................... 68 Case study 3. Лёгкая бронетанковая техника ............................. 86 Case study 4. Танковая промышленность .................................. 111 Case study 5. Рост зарплат и проблема ценовой конкурентоспособности китайской оборонной промышленности ...................................................................... 126 Глава 2. КНР на рынке вооружений ............................................................. 135 2.1. Общие особенности позиционирования КНР на рынке вооружений .......................................................................... 135 2.2. Россия на рынке вооружений КНР .................................................. 137 Российские поставки в 1992–2012 гг. .......................................... 138 Периодизация российско-китайского военно-технического сотрудничества в 1992–2012 гг. ............................................. 155 4 Качественный анализ российско-китайского военно-технического сотрудничества ................................ 157 2.3. Сотрудничество КНР с другими экспортёрами ............................ 158 Западные технологии в военной модернизации КНР ............ 158 Краткий обзор передачи западных технологий китайскому ОПК в 1970–1990-е гг. ...................................... 161 Каналы утечки технологий в Китай на современном этапе ..... 174 2.4. Китайский рынок российского оружия в 2003–2013 гг.: спад и возрождение российского экспорта .................................... 178 Активизация сотрудничества ....................................................... 183 Важнейшие проекты, обсуждаемые в настоящее время ........ 185 Риски России на новом этапе сотрудничества с КНР и российское поведение .......................................................... 186 Глава 3. Присутствие КНР на рынке вооружений в качестве экспортёра ............................................................................... 189 3.1. КНР на рынке вооружений с момента образования до 1992 г. ......................................................................... 189 3.2. Экспорт китайского оружия в период после 1992 г.: общие тенденции и периодизация ................................................... 191 3.3. Основные импортёры китайского вооружения после 1992 г. ....... 195 Другие наиболее значимые партнёры КНР .............................. 204 3.4. Китайские предложения на мировом рынке оружия и военной техники ................................................................................ 224 Боевые самолёты .............................................................................. 225 Учебные самолёты ........................................................................... 233 Транспортные самолёты и самолёты специального назначения ................................................................................. 235 Вертолёты .......................................................................................... 238 Беспилотные летательные аппараты .......................................... 243 Авиационные и противокорабельные ракеты ......................... 245 Боевые корабли ................................................................................ 248 Средства противовоздушной обороны ...................................... 251 Тяжёлая бронетанковая техника ................................................. 255 Лёгкая бронетанковая техника .................................................... 257 Военный автомобильный транспорт .......................................... 259 Ракетные системы ............................................................................ 261 Артиллерийские системы .............................................................. 263 Противотанковые средства ........................................................... 266 Лёгкое стрелковое и пехотное оружие ....................................... 267 5 СПИСОК СОКРАЩЕНИЙ ААК – Арсеньевская авиационная компания АК – авиационный комплекс АНТК – авиационный научно-технический комплекс АПО – авиационное производственное объединение АСУ – автоматизированная система управления БМД – боевая машина десанта БМП – боевая машина пехоты БПЛА – беспилотный летательный аппарат БР – баллистическая ракета БРПЛ – баллистические ракеты подводных лодок БРСД – баллистическая ракета средней дальности БРЭМ – бронированная ремонтно-эвакуационная машина БРЭО – бортовое радиоэлектронное оборудование БТР – бронетранспортёр БТТ – бронетанковая техника БЧ – боевая часть ВВС – военно-воздушные силы ВВТ – вооружение и военная техника ВМС – военно-морские силы ВМФ – военно-морской флот ВПК – военно-промышленный комплекс ВС – вооружённые силы ВТС – военно-техническое сотрудничество ГАС – гидроакустическая станция ГАХК – государственная акционерная холдинговая компания ГМКБ – государственное машиностроительное конструкторское бюро ГНПП – государственное научно-производственное предприятие ГСН – головка самонаведения ГУВ – главное управление вооружений (КНР) 6 ГУВВТ – главное управление вооружений и военной техники НОАК (КНР) ГУОНТП – государственное управление по делам оборонной науки, техники и промышленности (КНР) ДРЛО – дальнее радиолокационное обнаружение ЗРК – зенитно-ракетный комплекс ЗРС – зенитная ракетная система ЗСУ – зенитная самоходная установка ЗУР – зенитная управляемая ракета КАБ – корректируемая авиационная бомба КБ – конструкторское бюро КнААПО – Комсомольск-на-Амуре авиационное производственное объединение им. Ю. А. Гагарина КНР – Китайская Народная Республика КНУГИ – комиссия по надзору и управлению госимущест- вом при Государственном совете (КНР) КР – крылатая ракета КШМ – командно-штабная машина МБР – межконтинентальная баллистическая ракета МП – машиностроительное предприятие МПП – машиностроительное производственное предприятие НАПЛ – неатомная подводная лодка НИИ – научно-исследовательский институт НИИП – научно-исследовательский институт приборостроения НИОКР – научно-исследовательские и опытно-конструк- торские работы НОАК – Народная освободительная армия Китая НПК – научно-производственный комплекс НПО – научно-производственное объединение ОАО – открытое акционерное общество ОБТ – основной боевой танк ОКБ – опытно-конструкторское бюро ОПК – оборонно-промышленный комплекс 7 ПВН – продукция военного назначения ПВО – противовоздушная оборона ПЗРК – переносной зенитно-ракетный комплекс ПКБ – проектно-конструкторское бюро ПКР – противокорабельная ракета ПЛ – подводная лодка ПЛО –
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