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Zur Rolle Und Rezeption Von Friedrich Paulsen (1846–1908) Im Deutsch-Amerikanischen Kulturaustausch

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Zur Rolle Und Rezeption Von Friedrich Paulsen (1846–1908) Im Deutsch-Amerikanischen Kulturaustausch Transatlantische Netzwerke im Kaiserreich: Zur Rolle und Rezeption von Friedrich Paulsen (1846–1908) im deutsch-amerikanischen Kulturaustausch Von der Fakultät für Geistes‐ und Erziehungswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Carolo‐Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig zur Erlangung des Grades Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr. phil.), genehmigte Dissertation von Daniela Bartholome aus Bad Karlshafen Eingereicht am: 16.04.2012 Mündliche Prüfung am: 26.06.2012 Referent: Herr Prof. Dr. Andreas von Prondczynsky Korreferent: Herr Prof. Dr. Daniel Tröhler Druckjahr: 2012 Danksagung Zum Gelingen der vorliegenden Arbeit haben zahlreiche Kolleginnen und Kollegen, Freunde und meine Familie entscheidend beigetragen. Ihnen allen möchte ich von Herzen danken. Sie haben mich durch ihre Unterstützung und ihren fachlichen Rat immer wieder bestätigt und ermutigt, diese Arbeit anzufertigen. Mein besonderer Dank gilt meinem Doktorvater Prof. Dr. Andreas von Prondczynsky, der mir die Möglichkeit gab, bei ihm zu promovieren. Er hat mich in vielfältiger Weise und in allen Belangen gefördert. Des Weiteren danke ich herzlich Herrn Prof. Dr. Daniel Tröhler (Universität Luxemburg), der sich bereit erklärt hat, als Zweitgutachter tätig zu werden. Danken möchte ich ebenfalls meinem Kollegen Dr. Franz Hespe (Marburg) und den studentischen Hilfskräften – insbesondere Margarete Kabara – im DFG-Projekt „Im Zentrum von Kultur und Bildung, Wissenschaftspolitik und Bildungsreform: Fried- rich Paulsen (1846–1908)“, die mir durch ihre Unterstützung und durch zahlreiche Diskussionen Denkanstöße zu meinem Thema gaben. Auch den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern des Instituts für Erziehungswissenschaft der Technischen Universi- tät Braunschweig – insbesondere Dr. Kirsten Aust, Dr. Daniel Blömer, Dr. Gernot Herzer (jetzt Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena), Viktoria Gräbe, Dr. des. Susanne Kannenberg (jetzt AutoUni Wolfsburg) und Dr. Simone Kibler (jetzt Universitätsbib- liothek der TU Braunschweig), Vanessa Schardt und Katrin Strauß – gilt mein herz- lichster Dank. Außerhalb des Instituts standen mir ebenfalls immer wieder Personen mit Rat und Hilfe zur Seite. Vor allem Marten Düring (Kulturwissenschaftliches Institut Essen) hat mir vielfach bei der Anwendung von Programmen der Netzwerkanalyse geholfen und sein Wissen mit mir geteilt. Auch all jenen Personen, die mir während der Ent- stehungszeit mit ihrem fachkundigem Rat zur Seite standen, sei gedankt: Prof. Dr. Bernhard vom Brocke (Marburg), Prof. Dr. Peter Drewek (Ruhr-Universität Bo- chum), Prof. Dr. Eckhard Fuchs (Georg-Eckert-Institut Braunschweig), Prof. em. Dr. Hein Retter (TU Braunschweig), Prof. Dr. Thomas Steensen (Nordfriisk Instituut Bredstedt) und Prof. Dr. Heinz-Elmar Tenorth (Humboldt-Universität Berlin). Be- sonders Dr. Winfried Schultze, Leiter des Universitätsarchivs der Humboldt- Universität Berlin, und seine Mitarbeiterin Frau Kalb haben mich durch die Bereit- stellung des Nachlasses Friedrich Paulsens und durch viele Hinweise immer wieder unterstützt. Meine Freundinnen und Freunde – insbesondere Selina Brons, Jasmin Ernst-Ramm, Kathrin Marwinski und Maria Stern – sorgten während der Anfertigung der Arbeit stets für die nötige Motivation. Meinen lieben Eltern Brigitte und Karl-Josef Bartho- lome sowie Erika und Dietmar Koch und meinem Lebensgefährten Jens Koch gilt mein innigster und herzlichster Dank. Sie haben mir durch ihre Geduld, ihr Zuhören und ihre Ermutigungen in entscheidenden Phasen der Arbeit Kraft und Mut gegeben. Die Arbeit möchte ich dennoch einer ganz besonderen Person widmen: Meiner lie- ben Freundin Stephanie De Zan (1980–2008), die den Fortgang und Abschluss mei- ner Arbeit leider nicht mehr miterleben konnte. Sie war es, die mir die Idee zur Pro- motion entschieden nahelegte. Ohne ihren Glauben an meine Person, ihr ständiges Drängen und ihren liebevollen Zuspruch hätte ich diese Arbeit niemals in Angriff genommen. Verzeichnis der Abbildungen Abb. 1: Das transatlantische Netzwerk Friedrich Paulsens 1882–1908 (eigene Darstellung)….……………………………………………...85 Abb. 2: Teilgruppen im Amerikanetzwerk (eigene Darstellung)….…………91 Abb. 3: Zusammengefasste Teilgruppen des Paulsen-Netzwerkes (eigene Darstellung)……………………………………………....…92 Abb. 4: Berufe der Netzwerkakteure (eigene Darstellung)…….………........94 Abb. 5: Universitätszugehörigkeit der Netzwerkakteure (eigene Darstellung)…………………………………………………96 Abb. 6: Status der Universitätsangehörigen (eigene Darstellung)….……......97 Abb. 7: Das transatlantische Netzwerk von 1882–1885 (eigene Darstellung)………………………………………………..102 Abb. 8: Das transatlantische Netzwerk von 1886–1890 (eigene Darstellung)………………………………………………..103 Abb. 9: Das transatlantische Netzwerk von 1891–1895 (eigene Darstellung)………………………………………………..103 Abb. 10: Das transatlantische Netzwerk von 1896–1900 (eigene Darstellung)………………………………………………..104 Abb. 11: Das transatlantische Netzwerk von 1901–1908 (eigene Darstellung)……………………………………………......104 Abb. 12: Berufe der Korrespondenten (eigene Darstellung)…………………111 Abb. 13: Amerikanische Studenten im Paulsen-Netzwerk (eigene Darstellung)………………………………………………..150 Abb. 14: Paulsens internationale Übersetzungen von 1892–2009 (eigene Darstellung)……………………………………………......185 Abb. 15: Thematische Verteilung der übersetzten Titel von 1892–2009 (eigene Darstellung)………………………………………………..187 Verzeichnis der Tabellen Tab. 1: Beispiel einer Soziomatrix (aus Wasserman & Faust, 1994, S. 150)…………………………….76 Tab. 2: Degree-, Betweenness- und Closeness-Werte ausgewählter Akteure (eigene Darstellung)…………………………………………………88 Tab. 3: Briefe an Paulsen zwischen 1882 und 1908 (eigene Darstellung)…108 Tab. 4: Korrespondenten im Netzwerk nach Briefanzahl und Zeitraum (eigene Darstellung)………………………………………………..110 Tab. 5: Zentrale Akteure im Paulsen-Netzwerk (eigene Darstellung)……..116 Tab. 6: Präsidenten 1900–1940 der APA aus Paulsens Netzwerk (eigene Darstellung)………………………………………………..215 Verzeichnis des Anhangs Anhang A: Status und ID der Netzwerkpartner (eigene Darstellung)………….387 Anhang B: Hauptthemen der amerikanischen Korrespondenz (eigene Darstellung).……………………………………………….394 Anhang C: Amerikanische Studenten bei Paulsen 1875–1907 (eigene Darstellung)………………………………………………..397 Anhang D: Englischsprachige Bücher von Friedrich Paulsen (eigene Darstellung)………………………………………………..402 Abkürzungsverzeichnis APA American Philosophical Association AᴪA American Psychological Association BArch Bundesarchiv Koblenz CU Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Columbia University, New York CUL Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, New York DLA Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach GSA Goethe- und Schiller-Archiv Weimar GStA PK Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz Berlin-Dahlem HLHU Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts HUB, UA Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Universitätsarchiv KMK Konferenz der Kultusminister LHA K Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz NEA National Education Association NL Nachlass PLHU Pusey Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts RAC Rockefeller Archive Center, Sleepy Hollow, New York VDA Verein für das Deutschtum im Auslande WPA Western Philosophical Association Allgemeine Anmerkungen • Hervorhebungen in Zitaten (bspw. Unterstreichungen und Kursivdrucke) wurden aus den Originalen übernommen und unverändert abgedruckt. • Für Personenbezeichnungen (bspw. Berufe) wurde aus Gründen der besseren Lesbarkeit die männliche Form gewählt. Die weibliche Form wurde nur dann verwendet, wenn es sich ausschließlich um Frauen handelte. • Internetadressen wurden vor Abschluss der Arbeit nochmals geprüft. Der letzte Zugriff ist in [eckigen Klammern] angegeben. Für die Verfügbarkeit und Aktualität der Seiten wird keine Gewähr übernommen. Inhaltsverzeichnis | I Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Der persönliche Nachlass von Friedrich Paulsen ..................................................... 3 1.2 Leben und Werk von Friedrich Paulsen ................................................................... 5 1.3 Forschungsüberblick ............................................................................................... 11 1.4 Fragestellung und Gang der Untersuchung ............................................................ 13 1.4.1 Begriffsbestimmung: Rezeption und Wirkung ............................................... 13 1.4.2 Fragestellungen ............................................................................................... 16 1.5 Gang der Untersuchung .......................................................................................... 18 2 Die Netzwerkanalyse in der historisch-kulturwissenschaftlichen Forschung.21 2.1 Grundlagen der Sozialen Netzwerkanalyse ............................................................ 21 2.2 Die Anwendung der Netzwerkanalyse in der historisch-kulturwissenschaftlichen Forschung ............................................................................................................... 28 2.3 Potenziale und Grenzen der historischen Netzwerkanalyse ................................... 32 2.4 Der kombinatorische Ansatz ................................................................................... 36 2.5 Korrespondenzen als Netzwerkbildung .................................................................. 40 2.6 Fazit ........................................................................................................................ 49 3 Transnationale Netzwerke
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