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The National Economic Burden of Rare Disease Study February 2021
Acknowledgements This study was sponsored by the EveryLife Foundation for Rare Diseases and made possible through the collaborative efforts of the national rare disease community and key stakeholders. The EveryLife Foundation thanks all those who shared their expertise and insights to provide invaluable input to the study including: the Lewin Group, the EveryLife Community Congress membership, the Technical Advisory Group for this study, leadership from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN), the Little Hercules Foundation, the Rare Disease Legislative Advocates (RDLA) Advisory Committee, SmithSolve, and our study funders. Most especially, we thank the members of our rare disease patient and caregiver community who participated in this effort and have helped to transform their lived experience into quantifiable data. LEWIN GROUP PROJECT STAFF Grace Yang, MPA, MA, Vice President Inna Cintina, PhD, Senior Consultant Matt Zhou, BS, Research Consultant Daniel Emont, MPH, Research Consultant Janice Lin, BS, Consultant Samuel Kallman, BA, BS, Research Consultant EVERYLIFE FOUNDATION PROJECT STAFF Annie Kennedy, BS, Chief of Policy and Advocacy Julia Jenkins, BA, Executive Director Jamie Sullivan, MPH, Director of Policy TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP Annie Kennedy, BS, Chief of Policy & Advocacy, EveryLife Foundation for Rare Diseases Anne Pariser, MD, Director, Office of Rare Diseases Research, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health Elisabeth M. Oehrlein, PhD, MS, Senior Director, Research and Programs, National Health Council Christina Hartman, Senior Director of Advocacy, The Assistance Fund Kathleen Stratton, National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) Steve Silvestri, Director, Government Affairs, Neurocrine Biosciences Inc. -
Segmental Overvekst Og Vaskulærmalformasjoner V02
2/1/2021 Segmental overvekst og vaskulærmalformasjoner v02 Avdeling for medisinsk genetikk Segmental overvekst og vaskulærmalformasjoner Genpanel, versjon v02 * Enkelte genomiske regioner har lav eller ingen sekvensdekning ved eksomsekvensering. Dette skyldes at de har stor likhet med andre områder i genomet, slik at spesifikk gjenkjennelse av disse områdene og påvisning av varianter i disse områdene, blir vanskelig og upålitelig. Disse genetiske regionene har vi identifisert ved å benytte USCS segmental duplication hvor områder større enn 1 kb og ≥90% likhet med andre regioner i genomet, gjenkjennes (https://genome.ucsc.edu). Vi gjør oppmerksom på at ved identifiseringav ekson oppstrøms for startkodon kan eksonnummereringen endres uten at transkript ID endres. Avdelingens websider har en full oversikt over områder som er affisert av segmentale duplikasjoner. ** Transkriptets kodende ekson. Ekson Gen Gen affisert (HGNC (HGNC Transkript Ekson** Fenotype av symbol) ID) segdup* ACVRL1 175 NM_000020.3 2-10 Telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic, type 2 OMIM ADAMTS3 219 NM_014243.3 1-22 Hennekam lymphangiectasia- lymphedema syndrome 3 OMIM AKT1 391 NM_005163.2 2-14 Cowden syndrome 6 OMIM Proteus syndrome, somatic OMIM AKT2 392 NM_001626.6 2-14 Diabetes mellitus, type II OMIM Hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia with hemihypertrophy OMIM AKT3 393 NM_005465.7 2-14 Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria- polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome 2 OMIM file:///data/SegOv_v02-web.html 1/7 2/1/2021 Segmental overvekst og vaskulærmalformasjoner v02 Ekson Gen Gen affisert (HGNC (HGNC -
Regulation of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (Mtorc2)
Regulation of the Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2) Inauguraldissertation Zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Philosophie vorgelegt der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Basel von Klaus-Dieter Molle aus Heilbronn, Deutschland Basel, 2006 Genehmigt von der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät Auf Antrag von Prof. Michael N. Hall und Prof. Markus Affolter. Basel, den 21.11.2006 Prof. Hans-Peter Hauri Dekan Summary The growth controlling mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved Ser/Thr kinase found in two structurally and functionally distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. The tumor suppressor TSC1-TSC2 complex inhibits mTORC1 by acting on the small GTPase Rheb, but the role of TSC1-TSC2 and Rheb in the regulation of mTORC2 is unclear. Here we examined the role of TSC1-TSC2 in the regulation of mTORC2 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Induced knockdown of TSC1 and TSC2 (TSC1/2) stimulated mTORC2-dependent actin cytoskeleton organization and Paxillin phosphorylation. Furthermore, TSC1/2 siRNA increased mTORC2-dependent Ser473 phosphorylation of plasma membrane bound, myristoylated Akt/PKB. This suggests that loss of Akt/PKB Ser473 phosphorylation in TSC mutant cells, as reported previously, is due to inhibition of Akt/PKB localization rather than inhibition of mTORC2 activity. Amino acids and overexpression of Rheb failed to stimulate mTORC2 signaling. Thus, TSC1-TSC2 also inhibits mTORC2, but possibly independently of Rheb. Our results suggest that mTORC2 hyperactivation may contribute to the pathophysiology of diseases such as cancer and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. i Acknowledgement During my PhD studies in the Biozentrum I received a lot of support from many people around me who I mention here to express my gratefulness. -
Lymphocyte/WBC-Based Comprehensive Testing Via Next-Gen Sequencing NF1/SPRED1 and Other Rasopathy Related Conditions on Blood/Saliva
Last Updated October 2019 Institutional Price TAT Genetic Test CPT Codes Z codes Specimen Requirements (USD$) (working days) Lymphocyte/WBC-based Comprehensive Testing via Next-Gen Sequencing NF1/SPRED1 and Other RASopathy Related Conditions on Blood/Saliva NF1- only NGS testing and copy number analysis for the NF1 gene (NF1-NG) This testing includes an average coverage of >1600x to allow for the identification of (1) 3-6ml whole blood in EDTA (purple topped) tubes mosaicism as low as 3-5% of the alleles. In addition, novel variants identified in the $1,000 81408 25 (2) Oragene 575 saliva kit (provided by the MGL) ZB6A9 NF1 gene will be confirmed via RNA-based analysis at no additional charge. RNA- $1,600 (RUSH) 81479 15 (RUSH) (3) DNA sample (25ul volume at 3ug, O.D. value at based testing will also be provided to non-founder, multigenerational families with 260:280 ≥1.8) “classic” NF1 at no additional charge if next-generation sequencing is found negative. (1) 3-6ml whole blood in EDTA (purple topped) tubes SPRED1-only NGS testing and copy number analysis for SPRED1 (SPD1-NG) $800 81405 25 (2) Oragene 575 saliva kit (provided by the MGL) This testing includes an average coverage of >1600x to allow for the identification of ZB6AC $1,400 (RUSH) 81479 15 (RUSH) (3) DNA sample (25ul volume at 3ug, O.D. value at mosaicism as low as 3-5% of the alleles after comprehensive NF1 analysis. 260:280 ≥1.8) NF1/SPRED1 NGS testing and copy number analysis for NF1 and SPRED1 (NFSP-NG) (1) 3-6ml whole blood in EDTA (purple topped) tubes 81408 This testing includes an average coverage of >1600x to allow for the identification of $1,100 25 (2) Oragene 575 saliva kit (provided by the MGL) 81405 ZB6A8 mosaicism as low as 3-5% of the alleles. -
The Atypical Guanine-Nucleotide Exchange Factor, Dock7, Negatively Regulates Schwann Cell Differentiation and Myelination
The Journal of Neuroscience, August 31, 2011 • 31(35):12579–12592 • 12579 Cellular/Molecular The Atypical Guanine-Nucleotide Exchange Factor, Dock7, Negatively Regulates Schwann Cell Differentiation and Myelination Junji Yamauchi,1,3,5 Yuki Miyamoto,1 Hajime Hamasaki,1,3 Atsushi Sanbe,1 Shinji Kusakawa,1 Akane Nakamura,2 Hideki Tsumura,2 Masahiro Maeda,4 Noriko Nemoto,6 Katsumasa Kawahara,5 Tomohiro Torii,1 and Akito Tanoue1 1Department of Pharmacology and 2Laboratory Animal Resource Facility, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan, 3Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan, 4IBL, Ltd., Fujioka, Gumma 375-0005, Japan, and 5Department of Physiology and 6Bioimaging Research Center, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan In development of the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells proliferate, migrate, and ultimately differentiate to form myelin sheath. In all of the myelination stages, Schwann cells continuously undergo morphological changes; however, little is known about their underlying molecular mechanisms. We previously cloned the dock7 gene encoding the atypical Rho family guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and reported the positive role of Dock7, the target Rho GTPases Rac/Cdc42, and the downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase in Schwann cell migration (Yamauchi et al., 2008). We investigated the role of Dock7 in Schwann cell differentiation and myelination. Knockdown of Dock7 by the specific small interfering (si)RNA in primary Schwann cells promotes dibutyryl cAMP-induced morpholog- ical differentiation, indicating the negative role of Dock7 in Schwann cell differentiation. It also results in a shorter duration of activation of Rac/Cdc42 and JNK, which is the negative regulator of myelination, and the earlier activation of Rho and Rho-kinase, which is the positive regulator of myelination. -
Neurodegenerative Triplet Repeat Expansion Disorders
The Pharma Innovation Journal 2018; 7(11): 34-40 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.03 Neurodegenerative triplet repeat expansion disorders: TPI 2018; 7(11): 34-40 © 2018 TPI A review www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 15-09-2018 Accepted: 20-10-2018 Mitesh Patel, RK Patel, Tushar Chauhan, Jigar Suthar and Sanjay Dave Mitesh Patel Genetics Group of Gujarat Abstract Diagnostic Centre, Mehsana, Epigenetic alterations are the major causes of triplet repeat expansion. The repetitive DNA expands of its Gujarat, India normal length results in sever neurodegenerative conditions. The common types of triplet repeat expansion (TNE) disorders are: Huntington disease, Friedreich ataxia, myotonic dystrophy, SBMA and RK Patel SCA1 out of which Huntington disease, SBMA and SCA1 are categorized as a poly glutamine disorder Sandor Animal Biogenics Pvt. due to the repeat of CAG. In contrast, the friedreich ataxia is occurred due to expansion of the GAA Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, whereas myotonic dystrophy is due to the expansion of CTG. The triplet disease follows the mechanism India of anticipation in which the onset of the disease increases with age. Conclusively, no clear mechanism can explain the origin of the disease. The pre mutation can be expanded in full mutation in successive Tushar Chauhan Genetics Group of Gujarat generations and the number of repeats increased with each generation. TNE can observe in both somatic Diagnostic Centre, Mehsana, as well as germ line tissues. Gujarat, India Keywords: triplet repeat expansion disorder, trinucleotide repeats, Huntington disease, SBMA, SCA1, Jigar Suthar friedreich ataxia Genetics Group of Gujarat Diagnostic Centre, Mehsana, Introduction Gujarat, India Since the early 1990s, a new class of molecular disease has been characterized based upon the Sanjay Dave presence of unstable and abnormal expansions of DNA-triplets (Trinucleotides). -
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterisation of Noonan-Like
1of5 ELECTRONIC LETTER J Med Genet: first published as 10.1136/jmg.2004.024091 on 2 February 2005. Downloaded from Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Noonan-like/ multiple giant cell lesion syndrome J S Lee, M Tartaglia, B D Gelb, K Fridrich, S Sachs, C A Stratakis, M Muenke, P G Robey, M T Collins, A Slavotinek ............................................................................................................................... J Med Genet 2005;42:e11 (http://www.jmedgenet.com/cgi/content/full/42/2/e11). doi: 10.1136/jmg.2004.024091 oonan-like/multiple giant cell lesion syndrome (NL/ MGCLS; OMIM 163955) is a rare condition1–3 with Key points Nphenotypic overlap with Noonan’s syndrome (OMIM 163950) and cherubism (OMIM 118400) (table 1). N Noonan-like/multiple giant cell lesion syndrome (NL/ Recently, missense mutations in the PTPN11 gene on MGCLS) has clinical similarities with Noonan’s syn- chromosome 12q24.1 have been identified as the cause of drome and cherubism. It is unclear whether it is a Noonan’s syndrome in 45% of familial and sporadic cases,45 distinct entity or a variant of Noonan’s syndrome or indicating genetic heterogeneity within the syndrome. In the cherubism. 5 study by Tartaglia et al, there was a family in which three N Three unrelated patients with NL/MGCLS were char- members had features of Noonan’s syndrome; two of these acterised, two of whom were found to have mutations had incidental mandibular giant cell lesions.3 All three in the PTPN11 gene, the mutation found in 45% of members were found to have a PTPN11 mutation known to patients with Noonan’s syndrome. -
Sema4 Noninvasive Prenatal Select
Sema4 Noninvasive Prenatal Select Noninvasive prenatal testing with targeted genome counting 2 Autosomal trisomies 5 Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) 6 Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) 7 Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) 8 Trisomy 16 9 Trisomy 22 9 Trisomy 15 10 Sex chromosome aneuploidies 12 Monosomy X (Turner syndrome) 13 XXX (Trisomy X) 14 XXY (Klinefelter syndrome) 14 XYY 15 Microdeletions 17 22q11.2 deletion 18 1p36 deletion 20 4p16 deletion (Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome) 20 5p15 deletion (Cri-du-chat syndrome) 22 15q11.2-q13 deletion (Angelman syndrome) 22 15q11.2-q13 deletion (Prader-Willi syndrome) 24 11q23 deletion (Jacobsen Syndrome) 25 8q24 deletion (Langer-Giedion syndrome) 26 Turnaround time 27 Specimen and shipping requirements 27 2 Noninvasive prenatal testing with targeted genome counting Sema4’s Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT)- Targeted Genome Counting analyzes genetic information of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) through a simple maternal blood draw to determine the risk for common aneuploidies, sex chromosomal abnormalities, and microdeletions, in addition to fetal gender, as early as nine weeks gestation. The test uses paired-end next-generation sequencing technology to provide higher depth across targeted regions. It also uses a laboratory-specific statistical model to help reduce false positive and false negative rates. The test can be offered to all women with singleton, twins and triplet pregnancies, including egg donor. The conditions offered are shown in below tables. For multiple gestation pregnancies, screening of three conditions -
Megalencephaly and Macrocephaly
277 Megalencephaly and Macrocephaly KellenD.Winden,MD,PhD1 Christopher J. Yuskaitis, MD, PhD1 Annapurna Poduri, MD, MPH2 1 Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Address for correspondence Annapurna Poduri, Epilepsy Genetics Massachusetts Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Electrophysiology, 2 Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Department of Neurology, Fegan 9, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Electrophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (e-mail: [email protected]). Semin Neurol 2015;35:277–287. Abstract Megalencephaly is a developmental disorder characterized by brain overgrowth secondary to increased size and/or numbers of neurons and glia. These disorders can be divided into metabolic and developmental categories based on their molecular etiologies. Metabolic megalencephalies are mostly caused by genetic defects in cellular metabolism, whereas developmental megalencephalies have recently been shown to be caused by alterations in signaling pathways that regulate neuronal replication, growth, and migration. These disorders often lead to epilepsy, developmental disabilities, and Keywords behavioral problems; specific disorders have associations with overgrowth or abnor- ► megalencephaly malities in other tissues. The molecular underpinnings of many of these disorders are ► hemimegalencephaly now understood, providing insight into how dysregulation of critical pathways leads to ► -
SUMF1 Enhances Sulfatase Activities in Vivo in Five Sulfatase Deficiencies
SUMF1 enhances sulfatase activities in vivo in five sulfatase deficiencies Alessandro Fraldi, Alessandra Biffi, Alessia Lombardi, Ilaria Visigalli, Stefano Pepe, Carmine Settembre, Edoardo Nusco, Alberto Auricchio, Luigi Naldini, Andrea Ballabio, et al. To cite this version: Alessandro Fraldi, Alessandra Biffi, Alessia Lombardi, Ilaria Visigalli, Stefano Pepe, et al.. SUMF1 enhances sulfatase activities in vivo in five sulfatase deficiencies. Biochemical Journal, Portland Press, 2007, 403 (2), pp.305-312. 10.1042/BJ20061783. hal-00478708 HAL Id: hal-00478708 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00478708 Submitted on 30 Apr 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Biochemical Journal Immediate Publication. Published on 8 Jan 2007 as manuscript BJ20061783 SUMF1 enhances sulfatase activities in vivo in five sulfatase deficiencies Alessandro Fraldi*1, Alessandra Biffi*2,3¥, Alessia Lombardi1, Ilaria Visigalli2, Stefano Pepe1, Carmine Settembre1, Edoardo Nusco1, Alberto Auricchio1, Luigi Naldini2,3, Andrea Ballabio1,4 and Maria Pia Cosma1¥ * These authors contribute equally to this work 1TIGEM, via P Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy 2San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), H. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy 3Vita Salute San Raffaele University Medical School, H. -
TRHG10-4 Text-Final.X
SCE Frequency Measurement Could Be Useful in the Prenatal Diagnosis of Roberts Syndrome Nenad Bukvic,1 Nicoletta Resta,2 Dragoslav Bukvic,3 Francesco C. Susca,1 Rosanna Bagnulo,2 Margherita Fanelli,4 and Ginevra Guanti2 1 Department of Internal and Public Medicine-Section of Medical Genetics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy 2 Department of Biomedicine of Evolutive Age-Section of Medical Genetics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy 3 Department of Gynaecology, General Hospital, Niksic, Montenegro 4 Department of Internal and Public Medicine-Section of Imaging Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy n a previously published article (Resta et al., 2006) ‘repulsion’ of the peri- or para-centromeric regions Ion Robert’s syndrome in prenatal diagnosis, a (premature centromere separation [PCS]) together case of a 36-year-old woman and her 36-year-old, with splaying of the short arm of the acrocentrics and nonconsanguineous husband were presented. Our of the distal heterochromatic block of the long arm of findings suggest the existence of nonsense medi- the Y chromosome (German, 1979; Louie & German, ated decay (NMD) variability which could account 1981; Schüle et al., 2005). This cytogenetic phenome- for the varying severity reported in carriers of iden- non, called the RS effect, is observed in cells of tical mutations. Furthermore, fetal cells were used different tissues and appears to be more evident in to evaluate the influence of premature centromere chromosomes with large amounts of heterochromatin separation (PCS) on the sister chromatid exchange (Van den Berg & Francke, 1993). The first prenatal (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) frequency. Given the detection of the RS effect was reported by Willner et similar variation observed in the SCE frequencies, dependent on tissue/cell type (amniotic fluid al. -
TAR Syndrome, a Rare Case Report with Cleft Lip/Palate a Naseh, a Hafizi, F Malek, H Mozdarani, V Yassaee
The Internet Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatology ISPUB.COM Volume 14 Number 1 TAR Syndrome, a Rare Case Report with Cleft Lip/Palate A Naseh, A Hafizi, F Malek, H Mozdarani, V Yassaee Citation A Naseh, A Hafizi, F Malek, H Mozdarani, V Yassaee. TAR Syndrome, a Rare Case Report with Cleft Lip/Palate. The Internet Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatology. 2012 Volume 14 Number 1. Abstract TAR (Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius) is a clinically –defined syndrome characterized by hypomegakarocytic thrombocytopenia and bilateral absence of radius in the presence of both thumbs. We describe a female neonate as a rare case of TAR syndrome with orofacial cleft. Bone marrow aspiration of the patient revealed a cellular marrow with marked reduction of megakaryocytes. Our clinical observation is consistent with TAR syndrome. However, other syndromes with cleft lip/palate and radial aplasia like Roberts syndrome (tetraphocomelia), Edwards syndrome and Fanconi and sc phocomelia (which has less degree of limb reduction) should be considered. Our cytogenetic study excludes other overlapping chromosomal syndromes. RBM8A analysis may reveal nucleotide alteration, leading to definite diagnosis. Our objective is adding this cleft lip and cleft palate to the literature regarding TAR syndrome. - Eva Klopocki, Harald Schulz, Gabriele Straub,Judith Hall,Fabienne Trotier, et al(February 2007) ;Complex inheritance pattern Resembeling Autosomal Recessive Inheritance Involving a Microdeletion in Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius Syndrome.The American Journal of Human Genetics 80:232-240 INTRODUCTION syndrome. The hemorrhage happens during the first 14 TAR is a clinically-defined syndrome characterized by months of life. Hedberg and associates concluded in a study thrombocytopenia and bilateral radial bone aplasia in the that 18 of 20 deaths in 76 patients were due to hemorrhagic forearm with thumbs present.