PDC

January 1968 Seventy-five Cents

cc ho appointed Ramsey Clark, who has done his best to torpedo the investigation of the case? Who controls the CIA ? Who controls the FBI? Who controls the Archives where this evidence is locked up for so long that it is unlikely that there is anybody in this room who will be alive when it is released? This is really your property and the property of the people of this country. Who has the arrogance and the brass to prevent the people from seeing that evidence? Who indeed? "The one man who has profited most from the assassination - your friendly President, Lyndon Johnson!" — Jim Garrison •

„;,,,

VT PutU :F11//irjeatim

Artists Joe McHugh

CHESHIRE CAT

I

•

L

sl•

•

•

• .

,

AMERICAN

MORNING STAR

Artist: Nick NIcholds

Artist: Phil Bird

S'HAKTI

Artists Irene McHugh

Artist:

Artist: Joe McHugh

EVENING RAGA

AWAKENING

HARI KRISHNA

Barbara Nicholds

. ,

jlL

•

.41,,,,‘J z _

MUSHROOM LADY

Artist: Anonymous

•

These are the 22 major trump of the Tarot. Each card is you, as you read it.

THE TAROT SPEAK

,

Way-shower (only) available as a 23" x 35" poster, $2.00

.

Each set of 22 posters, CI AWAKENING . O

O WHITE RABBIT

O O O 0 CHESHIRE CAT .....

0 ASS ID EGG O

Gentlemen:

0 INDIAN ELEPHANT O

Please send me the items checked above. I am enclosing a check or money order for $___

City

Name

Address

is a set of 22 miniature posters (PA" x 12").

MORNING STAR CRY FREEDOM

AMERICAN SHAICTI

HARI KRISHNA

EVENING RAGA

Pesters Ptchnmit MUSHROOM LADY _ WAY SHOWER ____23M(3.5. 2-00

(A Cut Out Creation)

Explorations by the San Francisco Artists Box 549P, Mill Valley, California 94941

(Note: Please Include 25c for handling charges.)

0 FULL COLOR CATALOG AVAILABLE —100

•

_23's35" 2.00

_..2r/r35. 2.00

22°,05. $1.50

23./435' 1.50 15^Y.20. 1.50

23ox35. $5.95 23.x2.3* 2.00

in

.,‘••`:0 •.•

n

East Totem West

DEALERS I

on

2.00

2.00

1.50

2.00

2.00

State__

▪

o

0 TURN ON YOUR MIND__ 23.'35' 1.50 ▪ CI FLIGHT PATTERNS O

0 PIPE DREAMS _ o

NOUIRE r

n

LOVE-SPACE

LISTEN SLEEP DREAM ,...... 23o35 FLAPPING YOUR ARMS____17M(22. 1.00 AQUARIAN AGE .._

STONE GARDEN

EAST TOTEM WEST . FLAPPING (BOOK)...

THE TAROT SPEAK

Pesters not pictured:

(22 Full Color Posters-744°0121

slightly higher.

Artist: John Star Cook

Zip

.23.x35°

.23.3(35. 1.50

.237.35° 1.50

23M/35" 2.00

1.50 1.5(( 1.50

2.95 595

2.00

, A •

COLUMBIA STEREO TAPE CLUB Ramparts now offers you VOLUME 6, NUMBER 6 JANUARY 1968 it you begin your membership by purchasing just one tape now, and agree to purchase as bow as fire additional THE IlliWAIES • selections during the coming year, from the more than LETTERS 6 '!!1!?,M.A l!.1 300 to he offered PERSPECTIVES ON THE MID-EAST THE POST-WAR ISRAELI LEFT 20 by Maurice Zeldin OIL AND THE ARABS 36 by Robert Scheer THE SUPPRESSED PAINTINGS OF D. H. LAWRENCE "THE MAN WHO Dizo" 12 by Peter Collier I RISE IN FLAME, CRIED THE MA MOT WILLIAMS SSW NW ALPERT & SSW. PURR MURIA PHOENIX 14 7110%."Itrt... ,Unelt pw4Uuhe.1 a play by Tennessee Williams hop. cpwualOONr)hIVYSSN THE PAINTINGS 18 THERE MUST BE A REASON WHY the famous Columbia Stereo Tope Clot, sells more pre.recorded 4-track stereo tapes than any store in the ESSAYS country! It's because so many thousands of tape recorder owners find Club membership the easy and economical way to get all the tapes they MEMOIRS OF THE want! Awl to Introduce you to the many benefits of membership, you REVOLUTIONARY WAR 26 may select any hue of the stereo tapes shown here, and we'll send them to you FREEI That's right 5 FREE STEREO TAPES, and all you by Che Guevara need do Is purchase one tape now at the regular Club price, and Scree THE GARRISON COMMISSION 43 to purchase as few a five more tapes during the owning you. In short, FROM SINATRA at the end of a year, you'll have at Mast eleven brand-new stereo tapes, by William W. Tamer and you'll have pakl for only slid NOW NE CLUB OPEAATESi Each month you'll revive your free copy If the Club's magazine which describes and displays tapes for many dif- ferent listening interests end from marry different manufacturers. You may accept the regular selection for the field of music In which•you are primarily Interested, Sr take any of the scores of other tapes of- fered yu, or take no tape at all that month. TAPES SENT ON CREDIT. Upon enrollment, the Club will open a charge account In your name...and OM means that you'll pay for the tapes you want ally after you've received them end are enjoying them. The tapes you want will be mailed and billed to you at the regular Club price of $7.95 (occasions! Original Cast recordings somewhat higher), plus a entail mailing and headline charge. YOU GET MIRE FREE TAPES! Once you've completed your enrollment sereemed, youll get e stereo tape of your choice FREE for every two tapes you purcheml SEND NO MONEY NOM lust fill in end malt the coupon today! Your five FREE tapes and yow first selection will soon be In your home for you to enjoy far years to camel [Page 26] axe's Memoirs [Page 43] Garrison vs. FBI, CIA, et al. I Mb: Ay law Wu.. me Oa mat In Oar. bat a ..ma nave ••■■■•■■•, I 4 SEASONS APO, 170 alma. ler. / or OP.! oar government and the honesty of our cur- a boy doll with genitals just where FRANNIE COLUMBIA STEREO TAPE CLUB • Terre Haute, Melte they'd be in the Platonic form for boy. VALLI Apologia: rent President. After reading Turner's SOLO We would quote the language of their SORRY ABOUT GLOOM, gloom, article, we hope you will join with us in SEND NO MONEY—JUST MAIL COUPON objection, but it has no place in a family G.E1 gloom so early in the year, but demanding that Johnson release the 200 COLUMBIA SRItRO TAPE CLUB VINO so-called "classified" documents per- magazine. Torn Haat., Inellona 47101 THIS TAPS NOW qstaff writer William Turner's OM la atemherl nine-month investigation into the case of taining to the a xsacsination that are David Horowitz, who writes books Plow smog vu u • merstar of the Club. Pee the way most of us at RAMPARTS turn WIWIea at the rums the Om mom I vash to New Orleans DA Jim Garrison has con- secreted away on vague grounds of "na- realm FRS. Pre also WW1. tat saw I am ALSO SENO THESE out articles (you are justified in asking Owl. now Its ow sat *Won, ter Math I am PATH vinced us that something is terribly, and tional security"—documents which in- in be baled Fl.N. plus p.a. sad WWII.. N- why we are hiring such a laggard) leaves Wm the aell-thresellas teas-op reel nue. even unusually, rotten in Washington. clude evidence of Oswald's right-wing Mr meth musical Interest Ls (WWI amt: Turner has had full access to Garrison's ties and his role as a CIA "double Lord Russell's London Institute next ❑ CLASSICAL ❑ POPULAR month to join our growing bureaucracy In Wagon to the and soled. I ant WYNN files, and has logged 80,000 miles double- agent." If Johnson's administration has ow, I wree to muches• We WNW. WWI nothing to hide, it should. release these as head of RAMPARTS' brand-new book mains the coon. year . end I may camel checking every factual assertion in Gar- mansbership al 7 time therm.,III W . rison's astonishing reconstruction of records. To refuse would be the ultimate division. am to raw. • Wave We et my OW. PAW Emmet Grogan, the real life Frodo BAL. STOMA, fat Wor> tea Weetbms I aroma. President Kennedy's murder, told for act of cowardice. Baggins of the Diggers, the hippie Was the first time in this issue (p. 43). It ful- In Orange County, where these things (Plow ow. amt wee watt Paume purists who like to give things away, fills, sadly, many of our most paranoid can happen, the right-wing populace has Wien free, has given us, free, a list of sugges- nightmares about the CIA, the Minute- taken to petitioning against the use of tions for future essays including, one en- thy men, Dallas fascists and the American the mails for the current catalogue of the two 71. titled, "There are Many Things to Be 118-2/49 Nazis. It also raises ultimately serious inventive Princeton children's house, Silent About." Happy New Year. W.H. questions about the responsibility of this Creative Playthings, because it pictures L. OIMS CBS allot Marketing Smoke* 771/WS Cover photograph by Matt Herron

3434. Two Volumes: THE JOURNALS Of DAVID E. 3330. Karl Jaspers-THE GREAT PHILOSOPHERS. Ed. 3032. GERMAN PHOTOGRAPHIC ANNUAL 1964. Ed. 3204. THE TRIUMPH OF TCHADIOVERY. Jam by Hannah Arendt. In this. the second volume of by W. Strache & (). Stethert: text in German. A Go, & sell,. Fronk, revealing life story of the LIEi!inalltbljnfie.Tio:171. tner_eg's"me.i:it Ds universal history of philmophy, lirof. Jaspers magnificent annual of the phMogroldtma-A#T--143 Flamm Hummer: his extraordinary heights and cruciar year as a work) Immo, 1939.1956, by concerns himself with the originalmetanhydgmte, PHOTOS. 15 IN FULL.001.01t-candids, mor- depths, sufferings and triumphs, his fabulous of the most controorrtialTof fig- enn- America's Anaximander, Hermlitus, Parmenides, Plotinus, n-aim, fashion and action shots take all over ,the tarr$71,,..;. and chief musical events. 2.04,1m91.°4 let Ardelm, Nicholasof Cus.1, Spinoza, Lard. and :1111111'1:0"%nbe A.E.C. from Nagarjuna. 160 pp. Orig. $1.93. Very Wend! 2.9R NV:11 '07. the Decision in 1915 to 1950. Orig. $20.00. ""' "'"' -"al7iy92.4 3206. GENERAL GORDON'S KHARTOUM JOURNAL. 2 Vol.. 01,17 9.93 EL by Lord Elton. Astonishing and extraordioad rjoydo-day chronicle of the terrible 1885 siege of 3462. THE LONELY EMPRESS: Elizabeth of Am- Khartoum, capital of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan-- By J. Hostig. Engrosaing account of the and of its fall to the fanatic Mandi and his merciless tragic, glittering life of Fdizabeth, last Empress Modem followers. Orig. 96.00 Only of Austro.IIougary, the 111031 heautifol queen . 1.64 in Europe in an age of opulent royalty: an 2150. THE HORNSLOWER COMPANION. By C. S. Forester. All the major naval exploits of this legen- Poi careViahtkaqtri5 finelri,s1==. '1°2 ';ritz dary figure. and guide to the indomitable hero's 462 pp. Ong. $9.50. Only 3.98 wander:nos, with cartographer S. H. Bryant's draw- big, of seamen, clippers, cutters, and ships of war. 353. LA CUISINE DE FRANCE: The MODEAN Frond Profusely with drawings & 30 maps. Cookbook. By hInpie, Connesse de Toulouse- Orig. $8.50, New complete edition 2.911 Loud, Director of Max. Cooking Academy: 3115 JAMES JOYCE IN PARIS: HIS FINAL YEARS. Ed. by Charlotte 'Dugan,. 1,500 elegant hoot By G. Freund & V. B. Carleton. Glowing record of ridaine recipes, the best of French cooking ort a great writer, of the city he loved, and of a fasci. clearly and cleverly adapted for the Amerman no- noting literary epoch terminated by WW II; illu- fuss, low.bodget kitchen. 763 pp; Iathe type, hand minating accounts of his friends, the fatuous book- & bound; 7th" 10. sjIg..sa51;:n5a,„ views of Paris, etc. 88 photos.o1.4 Drib. $12.50. Only 5.95 .33Weseild

3461. SUZUKAWA; A Phot.mehIs Jemmy. P-630 2981. THE FILM. TILL NOW: A Survey of World Commons on the artist lo Sherman Lee, Cl.,,. 1,632 p.623 land Museum of All Director & George Seldie. P-629 P431 Ricl,md 01,10111. range, incredibly Look Truly magnificent photogralthe by the .rtiet- HIP POSTER SPECIALS ering Arnrrinut rst thiropeon film making, its devel- photographer Suzukawa, each, whether "pHs-- opment from early, unsophisticated films to the finest trait" or still-life, the epitome of the photo-a for the far-out Intaginatioo-toneo your walls slob our mad "mod" colon and designs. art & Hollywood productions of modern time. 175 pure.art. 26 photos, in full color; printed in P-629. TATTOOED GIRL. 1.98 P-632. THE AWAKENING. 1.98 photos, many of them rare Movicana. 020 pp. 6 color handsomely bound. P-630. WHITE RABBIT POSTER. 1.98 P433. DON'T TRIP POSTER. /.49 Special import 7.90 OrW. ;10.95. Only 3.9B P-431. CHESHIRE CAT POSTER. 1.95 P434. LOVE WITH A BAND-AID) POSTER. 1.49 2922. LAROUSSE WORLD MYTHOLOGY. Ed. by 199. HAND BOOKBINDING. By A. A. Watson. 3272. THE SOY - A Phologrephis Essay. Ed. by G. Step.hy.step descriptions of the traditional method 3391, TEXTBOOK OF YOGA PSYCHOLOGY. By l'ierre Grimal. This monumental encyclotodia St. Martin & R. C. Nelson. Superb collection of Rammurti S. Mishra. A new translatio offers a complete, up.todate survey of all the f fine. Li, di stressing 0..14 workmanship & on.711.i91 easy.to-follow line drawings & diagram Strs pictures of boys of many Nnds flexing their terpretation of PU121111113 Yoga Sutras. 400 pp. mythologies of mankind drawn from every eon- minds and their 0111301C3 in exuberant innocence ilICI. glossary. Pub. at $12.50. tinent and civildation since the beginning of f projects from simple folded folios to sewn signa and joy. 126 photo., moat in gravure, 52 in mag- urea & three.quarter bindings. 255 inns; 8" 9457. MEXICAN 3 CENTRAL AMERICAN MYTH- time, and illustrates these myths with reprodue. A nificent color; 9%. a 1214". Special 14.95 OLOGY. fly I. Nicholson. Handmmely printed, m- O S- $0.00. New complete edition 3.49 the world has 670 ;Ilus, 49 in 2563. TREASURY OF PHILOSOPHY. By 13, D. Ruhr 3395. TENNESSEE WILLIAMS AND FRIENDS. By 1144'. 0e3..00. Only 12. c 1.300 nears Hvering the whok span of re. 95 corded philomohical thought and writtnn. Each Gilbert Maxwell. A personal and highly mom ttie.ri:II. '-f5i9nr.1111711TSTIV'rli"IION'iltl'Itairk' bi,7°L1RF., selection begins with • biographical aketch of th tive portrait of the moat successful and con 27 IN FULL-COLOR of the best in PERIOD 1155 Bernd ,Rrsholl;orwisfoot6 .OF TIT, WEST. troversial playwright of our time. 1110103. philosopher. Nearly 100 greet thinkers. both °den- ART-with lucid discussions on the Calendar, the tal and Western, mato not accessible in my ode P.S. at $5.95. Only 1.00 Ball Game and much n e. S eriatim art 2.95 by"1,7'c'anTar'N'ho"P,ile0winn'ejnd'escribes 'the collection. Orig. 310.00. Only 2.9 I g th S t* th gh I Ho- 3215. THE ORCHID WORLD. By Walter Richter. 2396. LAROUSSE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MODERN Christian thinking to S. r 2710. HAPPENINGS-AN ILLUSTRATED ANTHOLOGY Beautifully illustrated history of the captivatin ART. Ed. by Rene Iluyt he. Stunning, opulent- stein, etc. 500 ILLUS. 2..;0"fN V87.1: Ed. by Michael Kirby; scripts & productions by Jim 11^. Dine, Red Grooms, Allan Kaprow, Cl,,. Oldenburg Bower and dearly outlined facts for successful ear I' Orig. 412.50. New complete edition 4.95 & Robert Whitman. Firstcomprehensive intrados'. and maintenance in greenhouse, garden, and cid, 1Y01PiltilT'Zd 'ITI.LI 3912. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE ARTS. Ed. by D. D. Linn to the new thmtre.&.ar lore of thin ccade- apartnient-102 FULL COLOR PHOTOS-with TPS'TVIVIdN'rSif1'56 6P..1-17 Runes and H. G. Schrickel. 1061-page compendium records & prints at Marboro concise esdcriptins of 272 sciespe from a Mid of FULL-COLOR-painting, sculpture. architec- Save up to 80% on books, lure, the "minor" ads. Orig. $20.00. Only of all the ad of all limes and places, presented by E dna 18 families. 718 .o x 10". Orig. $12.50. Only 4.911 9.95 nr6rei,that: jr0 tro,ritiesi,,Thmmds,,o: loan itself. Ono ,6.95E d,Jy 3063. THE BURGESS ANIMAL BOOK FOR CHILDREN. 4667. IT ET'S THESAURUS • W s a Pb,,..., 1643. five Volurnos: THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS- By T. W. Burgess; III. by Louis Anneal. Foods. Authorieed, revised edition of the indispensable boo biographical and historical summaries. 3463. Ashley Mentos. THE HUMANIZATION OF 3460. THE ANCIENT SUN KINGDOMS OF THE Front the Destruction of Ismael.. to Our Own Fascinating children's °dime book introducing the Ong. 915.00. Only 2.98 AMERICAS. By V. W. von Hagen. Erudite, ham:l- for everyonewho wants to find the right word a MAN. ProvocMive study of the nature of society world of wild animals and their habits through the the right time. 700 111 1301,1130110d. Special 1.94 eo:HD illustrated survey of Aztec, Maya, and Inca medium of a Peter Rabbit story. 61 1111. 51 in 4040. A DICTIONARY Of SYMBOLS. By J. E. Cir. and the individual; deals with images and identities Ortrei !pa Paotrel y>ekgilig* 11,4.7° , fall 2798. THE SEXUAL IMPULSE. By Edward Charleslot; preface by Herbert Read. The first reference in Americansociety, problems of egordity. WHY civilization, culture and history; details laU the many ry too: kochba to the Golden Age in ?mini, 814" x II'. Orig. $3.95. Only 1.911 of the primitive & myth of the beast, the dimensions achievements which rivaled the best of Europe HU, their architecture and engineering, calendar, 3786. AN ABZ OF LOVE. By Ingo & Sten liegeler. Fsi=lon12111:: t7ifi.t.1"TedIntIlk 1c. 1511 'Tir 7,7 of love, more- OrW. $6.00. Only 1.49 15..Z.1e11S1.1.::111;21747,3,t.1141.°917thn'LP:.. This la not a book for beginners - it is written by more conjugal 'mos; recommended trirjmmo everyL7 symbol lzilt' koown,'::: ,2to: 1r,:triei71TirWeTirm:n.'7- f" "mb"ki 2451. Theodor Iloilo PAGAN RITES IN JUDAISM. a Danish married couple, both doctors, both psy- Julian Huxley, Robert Briffault, Dr. Maud Hoyden myth, l4ve,72,! 011`;A7,`A Ifistorico.psychoanalytical. survey of the pagan and :;7„".1,....,1".31,°,14)..".' 'air& Orig. $13.00. 'Special 6.88 chologists, both writers - It is what it purports to others. 24 Was. Orig. $10.00. Only 4.98 ". "... " GREAT RECORD SAVINGS! prehistoric rites that survive in Judaism today-an be, an important book on Sea and an enlightening 7. '..-- 35110. HIROHITO, EMPEROR OP JAPAN. By account of such rituals a. sex moon.cult, guide to a complete and happier tea life. 120 ill,.. and mutilation transformed into Family Loyalty NiltieZeir5rin CONDUCTINGerrYmtril Leonard Moak, Fmetheing biography of Hi.' Orig. $10.00. Only 7.49 MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY: Only 5.93 bit. SUll of Heaven, God of the Sun, anal divine and Solidarity. Orig. $4.50. Only 1,98 ,,Emile‘rotrb;le:eciallIfeo priirtg person hchild the 5010. THE LIFE OF JESUS. By Marcell° Craved. RIDS. GREGORIAN CHANTS. Vol. 4. Choir of Tra P-651. Modiglianl: olgazy,,Ei. Ti,, • gist Monks & hlonks of the Benedictine A whole story of the Japratierie side orSVoil ll..V :'b HEAD Of A °I"'-',r i"`2 marboro Dept. RA.144,131 Varick M., New York, N.Y. 10013 • Calcat Stereo. YOUNG WOMAN. rwr" wort,V -rr " II. 24 Mut. Orig. 97.95. Only 1.40 1,Vrcr,"7.1. 'fi,ce `57.",3 2000 yc gu. Some • Please send me postage prepaid, the bargains circled below. (Pio.. 8I230. CARLOS MONTOYA PLAYS LATIN FA- On Gonobto Hviewers have branded it "libelous.' and .4d • VORITES. Malaguesd, Bolero, Allende, °there. 3447. SEVEN TREASUREE10111.9 CITIES 0 F LATIN ILMERICA. Convas-SopiaArtists'dr.." "blasphemous"--others have hailed it a precise, 35e postage and handling on ,II orders under 510.) Serer. Only 1 .39 By B. K ion of 'mum woman authoritative, and completely nuctern explica- MINIMUM MAIL ORDER EL • Charlea, lty .ilirthetethdy of the a„leTra:TrS "'.4'. tion of the most mysterious and dramatic story 11351. THE GREAT JAZZ OF ALL TIME. • 0 Ship C.O.D.' 0 Enclosed find $ • T & Dormy, Teagarden, Shavers, scoresoofonflyotra of human history. 528 pp. f New Zrac =itli.t1611sa. '."" sh Mown to charcoal Pub. of $7.95. 10 LPs. Stem. Ong. $47.90. Special 5.99 • Ono my • n wn. 15" wide x _Diners I.-Cane RIMS. Weals. from ALICE IN WONDERLAND. 23" },,,,,,, 195. IN SEARCH OF YOUNG BEAUTY. A Venter Wok one) rst NallCity I Limited to m Mad Tea Party, Lobster Quadrille, Narrator, Cyril Q"°. and 8'4'0 1M-1;6.951'. B & writs is Club Blanche Card rerything Cod des of Ritchard. Mono. Only 1.49 Special ■ F hr P432. The above on 100 rtiou=V1rict y r-isp:rtriblbTaderi.D0Ziele yOir iccounl # ; 11577. BEST LOVED CHRISTMAS SONGS. Kate 3459. Five Vellums NATIONAL TREASURY OF heavy chestnut stock ate beauty Inherent In the young body; concise tie amount of $ Smith. Desk the 11316, The First Noel, Hark, the COOKERY. Compiled by Helen Duprey FloBoth. 20^ x 26". mat photog 1158 1195 1208 1273 1353 1782 1809 1904 2254 2314 2396 • Herald Angels Sing. 12 others Demo. 0.13i 1 .91 Delicious collection of meat traditional Ameri- Spada/ 2.94 n cooking in 5 beautifully illustrated volumes: :71,7.114.?',011V. 'grTei.°1rje' 2451 2583 2643 2710 2798 2922 2981 3032 3063 3104 3109 Rms. TREASURY OF GREAT BROADWAY SHOWS. UM colonial delights, and.bellum extravagance, 1353. A P1,9.4.1 Treasury-THE RUSAITAT OF OMA 3115 3150 3199 3204 3206 3215 3272 3330 3355 3381 3391 II liars fjont,Souiterfg 11.1,0410, ,Ny.Fai%L.adye, gusty Western dishes, gourmet choices from 2314. MUSEUM MASTERPIECES CALENDAR 3 EN- othe KHAYYAM. A magnificeut edition of one of the Erma • 3395 3434 3447 3459 3460 3461 3462 3463 3500 3786 3912 • Can-Can r the lidded Age, and much more. Superbly Moe GAGEMENT BOOK 1968. 20 FULL COLOR RE. treasures of world literature, .90. 2)%11.0.15 L/w and aloe; PRODUCTIONS of the finest in modern art, orgaisitely Illustrate 4040 4667 5010 9381 9457 work. by Pic.so, Chana11, Amman, and memy full color by thenoted Persian artist Sada Um 55595. ENRICO CADUSO. 11 arias by Goonod, Verdi, 5 Vol, 0„ly 4.90 Katchadourian. Printed on genuine rag yyper, beau 5546 91278 R1279 R1280 R1351 111415 51577 R1586 R1595 R1600 81621 Boito & Donizetti. Mono. Only 1.90 others-with spac%fiar day.to-ty memos al ` 3109. LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN) His Life 3 Its Rage tifully bound. 7^ x P629 P630 P631 P632 P633 P634 P651 P652 • R1600. ENRICO CARUSO-VOL. I. 11 arias including "t1).:21'?itl.0 1273. 1hen944 WALDEN. By Henry David Thoreau L.LDr:g■ ,Eierile, Quartet from RigolOoy,,C.4 Work in Piethres. The most comprehensive BHtho • NAME ven iconography ever collected-over 550 fax not 2254, FANNY HILL: John Cleland's Mormbs of Intro. by B. Willey. The great classic of .Anienca, • od en ramn s dauments auto- Woman of Pleasure. Intro. by Peter Quennell. • R1621. Molder: SYMPHONY NO. 7. Vi,,,, State art;oloocany arced ADDRESS • Opera Orch., Scherchen, cond. Perm 2 La.6, -reflecting dm titanic and times of e aTdelli.:Mrsteliv'ehTitel:;:yi'str7r. 14itoT:litot=: Orig. $5.50. sew complete edition 1.91 life th gees • • 7.38 and hia towering work. 10^ x 12l5". tnewcomplete, unexpurgated edition. CITY STATE ZIP CODE Orig. $17.00. Only 7.9 W. 36.00. Only 2.98 1809. AIMEE BEARDSLEY DRAWINGS. Pub- ■ 8346. ANDRES SEGOVIA ploys J. S. EACH. The in- 07 lished in conjunction with the Museum of Mad. • comparable 5, ovia in hes own arrangements for $381. COCKTAILS 6 SNACKS. By Robert & Ann 1904. POMPEII& HERCULANEUM. Intro. by Sir Slur. ID Omsk hero If woo melee monthly Immain dreeler. New York City residents odd 5% b' ern Art Beardsley exhhition-151 DRAWINGS sales tax. Other New York State remdents add applicable sales tax. •A few cents extra London, OW, 1250 Recipes. A complete book o timer Wheeler; photos by JanJan Lukas. Fascineting -from Lyststrata, Morte D'Arthur, Salome, • Frelt:t1:f4P31:teCaatl;1#C11..a recipee for hors d'oeuvres, canapes, sandwiches, for C.O.D. Add 259 Per title for deliveries outside U.S.A. and Possessions. 10-DAY lb. dr:rail:I:Lir:0 Yam,' Book, Savoy. Juveoal's VI Satire. Rape SATISFACTION OR MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE. #2-3 for violin. Mn,.. c". OPdial IX& cocktails & other beverages for every occasion. 111,1 °"°:x7"‘' of the Lock, more. 81." x OH". • • 'lb photos. Pub. at 94.95. • Only 1.00 grIPER.11,,14.10r0V.In' bRAV .H.I1E-providing a VISIT A MARROW BOOK SHOP List Price $10.00. Special 3.98 • 93111. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGION. Ed. by Ver- 3104. Thoodoro if FOLKSONGS AND FOOTNOTES r..o'irl.; NEW YORK) 47 W. 42 St. • 56 W. 8 St. • 144 W. 57 St. • 966 3rd Ave. 15815 51). • -An Intentationol Songbook. 84 smuts from all ove really arpan .rpT: icoti , Comma. 1248. IMMORTALS OF THE SCREEN. Ed. lo R. Ste PHILADELPHIA: King of Prussia Plaza (Rte 202, 23) at Volley Forge Exit • fade": 'Tgloi Ani‘..rerigrIt■Taithr'l:orrr' the world-with verses in the original languages & 17112. MATHEW BRADY) Illstorlan With ft • • aeriW'd.g! BY James Horan. vairsli4Andfara r.legendaregepnilio y rt. Big album of movie stills with brief hitormhies Roosevelt Mall Shopping Center, Roosevelt Blvd. & Coltman St., (Next to Klein's) tailed ...thousands of authoritative. readable adi- English translations, and with piano unities and in f HoIlywood'a most glamorom stars: Gable, Har cies by scholars-denominational. schoolsa of. dications for gutter performance-from England, • MIAMI: 96 Miracle Mlle, Coral Gables • views, '2020th centiny. 500 PHOTOS, Q Fieids, the Barrymores, Leslie Howard, Val tNought and practices, lostormei movenl:M.,.. France, Spain, Russia, Mexico, Israel, Ireland, 1;10 r ran. 1,111c CINCINNATI: 27 W. 6th St. (in the Terrace Hilton Bldg.) • US, others- Hardbound; 744 .. x IOW. 07, 11133131 from he restricted Brady.11andy Collection. • • Orig. $7.30. New complete edition 3.97 STILLS & PdRTRA/T edib " 257 Swifter, Cents (Facing Reading Reed) Oro. $7.50. N complete on 2,99 Passenger-Carrying FREIGHTERS HOW TO TRAVEL —and get paid for it

Are the Secret of Low Cost Travel There's • job waiting for you somewhere: on a ship. with an airline, in over- seas branches of American firma, in foreign firms overseas--even exploring if Yea, for ano more than you'd smnd at a resort, you can take a never-to-be. PO... advenuous. Correspondence forgotten to Rio sod Buenos Aires. Or through the West Indies or along the St. Lawman River to French Canada. In fact, trips to Anson The full story of what job you can fill is in Norman Ford's big hook New everywhere are within your means. to Trava-and Gel Pent to It, Whether you're male or female. young or old. whether you want a life-time of paid line or buff hanker to roam the Aed what mcoonitodatimskyou get: larte.dratens with beds tes.t.beeksli world for a short year or so, here ore the facts you leant, Complete with an bly a rest:.,1:att; potA. of good fe mil plenty of roil a lion • and addresses and full details about the preparations to make, the cautions to Ws ,pad observe, the countries to head for. You learn about jobs in travel agencies (and as tour-conductors), in he. Depending upon how fast you want to go. a road the world cruise can shoso you every cone l on earth. And there are shorter trios. Fast, ffereli t 47. t or7VIL'Es the1;•ei w'rhomm;ITS lbeVN 't■■•;1 =lite :.To":.'egt. acrowded voyages to England. Fran, the Mediterranean: two or three missed the boat completely on many of 1967] was most enjoyable and timely. I tgeyfgeleor'fsonrsaVop' 'be 7tritli; rt,;41,511.1:Politics On the whole, the section was well- thought by all to be quite standard. Convention. They are attitudes that reg- handled. I, for one, think that the Chi- P. J. MACKIN RETIRE OR VACATION ularly keep the left splintered: a convic- cago convention represents the first of Washington, D.C. FABULOUS MEXICO tion in each person that his position has many such conventions. The black and at what look like prewar prices—and white radicals must join together, re- Sins: Ah, come on now, Warren baby! a monopoly of the truth, acorn toward WHERE EVERYTHING COSTS LESS where no one ever heard of nerves or worries those in the movement holding other gardless of psychological hang-ups con- Go to confession and get rid of all that cerning "identity." The blacks must hostility and aggression. The land at retirement and modiste bargains—thads Mexico views, glee that no real gain was made These Are America's Own Bargain Paradises realize that we radicals are not going to MARIE SETRAN by the convention. Where yon can.build a modern home far 51500 and an Marine retirement Norma Ford's beat-selling book Off-the-5..h` Path name* the really low I think it is proper and constructive monopolize their efforts, so they needn't Garden Grove, California income looks like a fortune. We the land where your vacation money can buy cost Florida retirement and ...shoeing town, the best values in Texae, the double or more what it might leek home—provided you know where to on for Southweet, California. the South and Cut, Canada—and a dozen other are. for spokesmen of different points of get hot and bothered. Likewise, the Mexico's best velum. which the crowds have not yet discovered. white radicals must expunge the Estab- Sues: I read "Left Wing Catholics" be- Norman Ford's big hook Echelons Alegi.— Where Everything Costs Lem view to analyze the issues sharply and to tells you needy where to get all of this canoes bat vacation and retire- ancTI'mniab'oral .s Tira7119311chlt% het fore I went to my Catholic "instruc- ment values, where you can live like a prince on what >On might just get that loo. like Hawaii yet is 2' advocate their own particular view of lishment liberals from their midst. That along on in the U.S.A. ,000 mites nearer (no expensive sea or air trip tions." Upon arriving, I made a rancid Norman Ford knows to get there). Or those many other low.cost exotentely beautiful spots all over what is the best course. This is how the is what the Black Caucus did. And this Mezieo from north to lath, from east to west, and the United States and Canada which chars ina.hurry overlook (so cost. comment on how much the instruction he takes you to vacation and retirement areas that look more like the South are low and stay low). is its most important contribution. Sem than Tahiti itself; to whole motions of jun perfect weather where it's like Every page of Off-dm-geetest Path opens • different kind of rata' my truth is winnowed and recruits gained. June all year round; plus resort ever resort. towns, cities. spas and what not m retirement poradife which can afford—places as glamorous AS for But that is quite different from attacks STEPHEN E. PICKERING resembled a Nazi youth group. The nun else where you'll hart • vacation to remember at a met so low it could mat -nn abelievable. countries yet every n. of theout ocated right sear at hand. Like these: on the motives and intellectual compe- Former Vice-Chairman, CORE of Sagged on it. If en not a delightful retirement area with plenty of Amxlcus mend 5e • ft••••• art ann.. Wain to this men of oho world--geowthmlY Then I began a discussion of Fr. talk to, he leads you I. all the miatelpel retirement twos, ot all es dozens of serteended by Canadian .ritery . et s men Sawfish Mee Sat- tence of others. Bakersfield, California UM, known, Wham moo ants defighHel rear, whets cosh are way far lad — asteroid Spanish hen. right In net ewe U.S., where no one Groppi. For good measure, I threw in dew, there's nate to do and meeting pone Is easy Always, he shows you eve. heard of earns anion or the worries of einem day life. DR. BENJAMIN SPOCK toner, flower-bedecked hens ma Ines Mat charm hardly half of what yes • Omen village. where abbots cow. by the en, re you always mem Sms : Thank you for printing the "Sym- names like Halm and DuBay. By the Wolf expel h spend is am son a lard of vend. sad Minna. bargains new .•.. (but they never am. by th• NI &IMO& .0 ea le. prism or New York City as Heide*. me yeti out). posium" in the November linmenazs, time class adjourned, I was being treated There's • great deal more Insides: everyrtiog aneieot s from eaPlotifte pyre. • The remerhable awn when a fee of h • day ghow You a rd...el and thanks to the contributors as well, with awe and respect. My source—a u old as to finding Bibulous hunting and *sham. If you might wallan mond of barbermo, esesleak, connns, pinks, me lock soon., Sias: As a young radical who attended want to share in the high interest ran Mexican hanks pay or to buy equally TIshen.....onsleent. hiLnda .fl.wrst for Power and Politics for their almost child-like candor in ex- good Catholic magazine—RAMPARTS. high-earning real estate or start • lawns. of your own. this detailed grade to tit wwld the Conference • fabulous land tale you what you mat do to start your money earning so bait an nee to ens. who knows when te fkod GRIMLY Bayntor anktilort.81an th Water, in 1966 (the forerunner to the big Chi- pressing themselves about the NCNP W Everything Cons Lass new up Mexico to you. You read of island paradises aplenty in the United States and Canada. Streator, Illinois It'. a In hook, Cm It enw only $1.50. So Bend for yours tn.. of art manes (artists search for picturesque locations where cos are cago convention), and who is engaged in convention in Chicago this year. On the bowl), of areas with almost a perfect climate nn with flowers on tverto whole, I should say that a reexamination side. Here are the reel U.S.A..brand Shangri.Las made for the man or the local structure of the New Left, let woman who's bad enough of crowds. Here, too, are unspoiled seashore of conscience and of the psychological Sots: I guess Jesus Christ really was a ailloyea, tropics-like islands, sod dozens of other spots just about p.rfeet me thank you for the masterful "Sympo- for your retirement Of vacation at some of the lowest prices y.ee sium: Chicago's 'Black Caucus.' "It was springs of their attitudes would seem to left wing Catholic. He was so left wing, Round the World on a Shoestring beard of since the gone.forever prewar days. They're all in the Unned in fact, that he must have been Jewish. Slat and Canada, and for gond measure you also read about the an excellent cross-section of opinion be in order. It you know the eeklom-advertised nye of reaching foreign

BUSINESS OFFICE EDITORIAL ROOMS AND MAIN 8 RAMPARTS Cable Address:

TelephOne: YU 1-4070

301 Broadway gril:P4.crutVgIll?Pn San Francisco. California 94133

RAMPARTS, San Francisco

Editor

Press run this issue: 279,000

Art Director Warren Hinkle III

Robert Scheer °unsold Stormer

Managing Editor

Sol Stern A

Consulting Editors

Gene Marine, Frederick C. Mitchell. David Senior Editors

=Zit OVr Welsh Copy Editor

Leslie Tinian

Don Duncan

Adam HochmhIld, Stephen Schnook, John

Military Editor

Spitzer. Judy Stone, William Turner Mike Anson, Bob Avaklan, Eldridge Clea- Contributing Editors Advertising/Production Director

G. M. Feigen. Travel; Paul Krassner, John Williams

Society; Jean Lacouture, Southeast Asia; Sandra Levinson, Judy Fearer, New York;

Thomas Brander, Pads; Marcus Raskin, Buffalo

Continent; Stan Frobeng. Washington; S. Thompson, Aspen; Sonia Orwell, the Paul Jacobs, San Francisco; Leslie Fledler, Crimincliom; Maurice Zeitlin,John Grassi, Monktue Maurer, Munich; Herbert Gold, Allen Ternko, Urban Make; Harold Lipset,

Latin America

Editorial Assistants

Deborah Sampson, Vampire, Anna Willis- Janis Chan, Pauli Gilliland. Karen Kahn,

Betts ss Assistant

ADMINISTRATION (East Coast Manager). G. IA Felgee Robert Kaldenbach (Controller), Bert Gar-

mise (Circulation Consultant), Marc Stone

Maureen Stock Warren Hlnckle III (General

Tuck Weilla (Circulation Manager). Gordon Finley Nancy Tibbon (Western Advertising Man-

PeitYi

arm) Lti. ,...

fo

' COP

I. •

ur

.....

'

i ,.

ii,..

f

s

,,:,,Uavrarr.:.-11....

tant Managing Editor

Peter

"IP:Ail E "W:1=1:ten.r.ti

Ittprilrir=

Aral new

, ;

,,,,,, so Stret

(Eastern

David Horowitz, London; Hunter

Roy Miner (Assistant Controller),

tr ' Am. ska.se. elf.

oiii

alsirtrtali

to

num. a

n

ig

Collier.

the Editor

go ret

Jessica

it.,,I'

Y

...

St

ir "

"%ret

e

Z*1

:

r

i

e

!nre

. ra

*

.afr.%.'

nriel

Advertising

Zr

-

'4!"* p

.S

.

.

.arEtia43,,,T yl. P arr " ' ciwtr

Marianne

"Iiiii8EF"tril

Mitford.

Pl

.:'"a

....,:1 ;...

7

....ii=

0. G

".

ATt ...azirr,..

I On*

e

t.11

ti"=2"

Extra

...

"Contro

... Manager).

es

Manager),

67e

e

Oakland;

at'un

Hink

1

-

.. Pages;

atolL

A

Cur

,,

e

Vt'' o n er

t

ller),

lerre v

PT

le,

tv

ig

...

'

'

7

'

-

conned even cept for that brief aberration, I thought

that the section on him clearly showed Stns: Regarding Mr. Hinckle's article, the man's ambiguity. biased and bigoted presentations.

and to the right is not only degrading find your left-leaning typical of your

for us Catholics but is in very poor taste. God's picture among such con- temporaries is really outrageous.

Stns: It is but an insult to yourselves

superior reports like "The Framing of that you publish"The Ant"

Andreas Papandreou" and "Pacification in Vietnam" in your October issue, and

"What the Hell is Happening in the Catholic Church" in November's publi-

cation. If you don't have enough in-

half the mag with pulpish trash. pages, for God's sake print 50; don't fill

telligent or interesting material to fill 100 as an art form and an effective mode of

communication, and that

bored RAMPARTS

liams' tiresome babblings.

oriented mag and its subscribers deserve something far removed from Mr. Wil-

I

SIRS:

your apparent policy of allowing ab-

solute, uninhibited freedom of expres- sion. The article on "Left Wing Cath- olics" is

standard. Every cultured, educated, de- cent student will be stimulated by read- thought-provoking and of high moral

ing it. But why must you then inflict on us the filthy excerpts from Ken Kesey's Man Who Cried Jail Diary and John A. Williams'

and this is their right, but must they be

and to describe offbeat, immoral sexual these authors are protesting injustice,

allowed to use filthy, indecent language

Rochester, New York

Placing God's picture on the bottom

HERMAN J. WALZ

P. J. D'Atacx

Vineland, New Jersey

can no longer refrain from protesting

Suffice it to say that the novel is

Montclair, New Jersey RALPH CATO

BETTER READ THAN DEAD

[RAMPARTS,

by one "motherfucker" too many!

After reading the November issue,

is a first-class politically- indeed

RAMPARTS.

I Am?

November 1967] with

excellent, modern,

Matt Who Cried I

I appreciate that

However, ex-

I

became

dead

The

I

behavior in such lurid detail? Is there no

censorship?

Sias: Collectively, the articles by Stone, Robert Scheer, Paul Jacobs and

Nasser, along with a thinly-veiled indict- Jean Lacouture add up to a warm ap- ment of a fictional saber-rattling Israel, preciation of the big-hearted Socialist,

Stone's projected "minuscule Prussia"

behind this luridly cockeyed appraisal, of the Middle East. I am not concerned

with the private emotional gymnastics on but only with its impact on your readers, minded devotion to facts.

he bewails the U.N. cease-fire because it

Israeli need to depend on permits Israel, "the country which who, like myself, have come to depend

talk of Mr. Stone of aggression" as a bargaining card. Mr. launched the war," to retain "the fruits

Stone knows better: a page earlier in his

article, he makes a vivid case for the

Dayan. That is his privilege. But to its only possible military response when

equate the Israeli nation with Dayan, faced with the threat of extermination.

and Dayan in effect with Bismarck, is

slippery demagoguery of the most in- cendiary order.

militarism," Mr. Stone gives us Nasser, ings about Israeli

"the first Egyptian ruler to give Egypt's

a strange way to characterize the wanton downtrodden fellahin a break." This is sacrifice of thousands of peasants' sons,

forced into Army service, to Nasser's

dreams of a 20th century caliphate. Who does Mr. Stone think did the dying in

the Sinai desert? Not Nasser and his

PARTS,

lished talent for manipulating the Cairo masses, to believe the dictator was "sin- tennis-club, swagger-stick generals.

naivete, in the context of Middle East with a halo: it requires enormous

cere" in resigning; yet Mr. Scheer rises politics and especially of Nasser's estab-

gesture, he knew less about his

astonished by the public response to his

to the occasion. If Nasser was indeed

Tacoma, Washington

S. F.

To begin with the anguished double-

MIDDLE EAST MISGIVINGS

Mr. Stone is unhappy with Moshe

By contrast with his ominous mutter-

As for Mr. Scheer's attempt

RAMPARTS

HERRMANN

November 1967] to fit

as a citadel of tough-

[RAMPARTS,

-

chauvinism and

Mhzkrieg

July 19671:

Nasser

I. F.

[RAM-

own

as

A WORLD HISTORY been with m from the beginning. They know AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BERTRAND RUSSELL tion by Richmond Lattimore. payment and save mmenace*. oey combhudloa at the lowest possible price. The national best-seller by one of the world's taking three books on thls page at the ex- THE ODYSSEY tremely /ow prices listed-at $1, $2, or $3, or a good thing when they see IL) has been nothing short of sensetionat ANT1WORLDS AND THE FIFTH ACE ged US. andmdsalle experts, in fact, are studying MI and whkh are irrelevant hard to imagine • better Homer."-The New York most distinpuished and controreni send in the coupon lathy. You may start your MeLUHANt HOT AND COOL has a special -The Atlantic Monthly. Pueommes Pala! $7.95 of your attention-and makes than available the succeeded brilliantly. For our seneration it is Readers' SulmeriPtion membembilt &WIC by and be can tell lostandy which are meaning. mutely understood) idea. of a writer, teacher and "The most exciting event of the year in poetry." gares's re Times. THE SOCIOLOGICAL TRADITION the frog's eye for its discrinduatory power.) Nisbet. -frog. Information overlay& or every month of E. Stearn wit Bruhn.

Nakokov ...the most comprehensive book on th

total achievernent."--1. W. Griffin. University of exploration whispered Wis. NABOKOV: HIS LIFE IN ART Pagnesensky. with comiderable originality all the works of "Mr. Field's new study. treat.. in depth and miter thus fa, synthesising anti correlating his THE COMPLETE POEMS OF EMILY DICKINSON

Edited by Thomas H. Johnson.

Wisconsin.

hinker whose impact on the contemporary sane

Became we advertise Infrequently, we tag- LIU the frog, Our Editor &ten out may Frog rower. (No wonder most of our Members have

And you ma

(Toss a hundred objects at a frog alktomee Manuscripts, galleys, pooh, chapters, men Fortunately, Our Editor has the eye of •

iuen by an American sociologist on the history

sociologicalthought. Puntisma.s Pima $1.95

meaniegful- the books that are worthy

t

hat

Perhaps the most important work ever

Th12,

-

If

If you are a serious reader-yon

fa

A bilingual edition with now poems.

Went

„°°,.t

ontruns by 29 critics.

the much dimumed (but Made-

Translated and with an introduc-

have

By William H. McNeill.

ntz

mr matins in meaningful

"Vienna" if you enclose

Puettsmaa's Palm $11.95

r:4 Is

PIALISHBIUS PlUth $.75

Puettsnmes Pam. $5.95

Puatteura's

absolutely free Ica

tantsma's Pl

"Mr. Lattimore has

g;1

1,!:.

Edited by Gerald By Andrew Field.

PORTRAIT OF OUR EDITOR

1

.7

al thin

First complete,

"'

By Robert A.

eth

1'

PUG

By Andrei

2.

tummy.

kers. um

tag

A bold

11.95

U.95

"He

e

Veat

Bentley. Mother Courage, Galileo, Good Woman

By Leslie Fiedler. -

Latta verse vc in prows. "It is • superbly of Setsuan. Saint loan ol the Stockyard,

SEVEN PLAYS

study of the dynamics of change. It sets at the I THE MAGIC OF SHIRLEY JACKSON THE POEMS OF GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS most subtle and best-sustainM...• great Review. THE LIFE OF DYLAN THOMAS soared to his own denruction. Edited by W. H. Gardner and N. H. MacKenzie. LOVE AND DEATH IN THE AMERICAN NOVEL FitiGibbon. our longing."-Alfred Kann. Benedikt and George Weliworth. MODERN FRENCH THEATRE YrraaTlie A documentation of a social revolution while still much-praised new biography of the pad who ing "The Lottery... me-volume minim. "la poem after poem MR. CLEMENS AND MARK TWAIN presses, In her odd blend of heartbreaking pre- Kaplan. mme. A biting and original critique of the failure Brines together for the first time MI hie known very heart of history.' A1.011. CHILDREN OF CRISIS cision and girlish winsomeness, the bask experi- of America., sexuality, reflected in ence, in the face of death, of our fear, our awe,

H. Westford Jones. National Book Award win-

s

u

of a great civiliration."-Edward

irat

VIENNA YOURS FREE

Crankshaw. found, her. limental picture of a great center 0 Paymentenclosed. Send me shear.

In U.S fund.. add 500 conversion

fee. In N.Y.S. odd 2%.l If payment not

of her Incomparable short stories,

the Savages.

Definitive new biography. "The

e

in

tog«her wilt, fmmtatbte into

(In N.Y.C. add 5% mim tax.

N you endow payment

end save us paperwork

l

.;:it!

P

moving and utterly unsen-

Candid. judicious, definitive -the

g

By

By Benoit Brecht. Edited by Eric

Pt..tousles PRIM $7.95

i

.

Anead. loomo.

inClndina works by Jerry Aped-

volume-The

leagmenu, a well

The book that made him fe-

Ilea

h'S

and

•

PUBLISHILLC2 $10.00

Pustmtua's Pawn $12.50

-Peter Scrag. Saturday

Berea.

Fontaine's Palm $7.95

roommates Pima $8.50

By Robert Coles, M.D.

PUSLISHIrea Duca $7.95 Pontisma.• Plum $6.95

PUBLISHES'S PlIth $7.95

Pumtamte's Pinellas° Manumit a Puce $11.50

Rising Demons,

"A

Ed. by Michael

if irk

Seventeen mod-

By Constantine

I

'S

BE A PRINCE...

Its

t

and uaique

pro-

Ne

By Justin

Selected,

d,

richest

hoot'

th

others.

dl ha

e ex-

lilm

ud-

'Ile Readers' Subscription

puse tour more Selections in the coming Yem

1 log which will he sent to no. Ibis hook' of my own choosing other than the current one or none at all. I will use duced member's prices. When I want from the more than 70 to be made avellable at re-

Name 404 Park Ave. South, New York, N.Y. 10016 (2) (31 Please enroll me as • Member, and mad me at once the three Selections Indicated below. for which th. City A State

SELECTIONS (1)

Address

1

1Vgar .

s

fil

ch

bill me (plus neater and handling), earth to

Edited by William L. O'Neill. Mooduction by

Irving Howe. illsotrated.

ECHOES OF REVOLT: THE MASSES 1911.1917 maenificent full-page drawinm by a contemporary master. on the man and his works. This 1029-page legendary literary and political journal. ton. ent."-Chicaso Tribune. PUBLISHER'S Perm $12.95 the greatest wealth of information yet assembled and hard to put down." PUBLISHER'S Pates $15.00 of THE ICON AND THE AXE notes The New York Times. is "easy to pick up SPEARS

Lattimore. drawings by Leonard Baskin. THE ILIAD OF HOMER THE READER'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SHAKE. admired modem translation, illustrated with eit predation of the past and insight Mto the prys-

hinory, • greatest epic of Western civilization in Its roost Commercial,, The Bit CSIAMIIER'SBIOGRAPHICALDICDONARY.This Sass

dusk reference work, revised and enlarged. Pre- terpiece showing Trotsky as a maker of modern of assessment and selection. 114-million words. sents not only facts and dates

THREE WORKS t volume ehronicle (boxed) of the literary world in

15,000 articles, 1432 pegek.....4

TROTSKY

s

r

e

e'er,

n

syn= eoung P1r!"IVom

re of classical proportion.

71

'

Survey of six centuries of Russian thought

0

0:e:

°

fit

EdltedbyCempbellond Q

Th.

shaper n

::

'

By Isaac Deutsche,

d

t

:71111

Ifot'W

f

aols

IthbV2„1,7,g14

nT:

bo

of modern thought, and a tragic

otny

By Edmund

P

T6

ri

de.

B

u

Postman's Pa d

XX Er

y PUBL

Postman's AWE 525.00

Translated br Richmond

etween

'tingifirm

Zip Code

from • Weclal uet

From the pages of the

By James H. Billing-

r

, but tsno!is NCiWe:Ito.rk

IUCS $18.50

RAMPARTS ga

SH

Three-volume mas-

.1::.

WIWI,

ni

a

ER S

atm a measure

r

Selection

""

Pna 515.00

Teeth.

R

e',

.

Pl

R.68-1-1

Presenting

th

e

An

In

A three-

eme-

. 313.50

n

$15.00

:

a,

The

8b RAMPARTS

IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS

THE GREAT SOCIETY READER

SANITY AND

Edited by The Failure of American Liberalism

readings in which "t sides." false coin of the government's ac- SURVIVAL tual alms are weighed from all Psychological Aspects of tributions by Paul Goodman, Arthur of Great Society rhetoric and the

DAVID MERRELSITEIN. il Schlesinger, Jr., Tom Hayden, Lyn- by Jules Feiffer.

don

lations Committee — examines the Senator J. William Fulbright. An must take into account if By War and Peace facts of human nature that we eminent psychiatrist — who testi-

fied before the Senate Foreign Re-

to end ware.

Vintage Book paperback $1.95

JEROME FRANK.

Now at your bookstore

Vintage Book paperback $2.45 Johnson,

(Kirkus

MARVIN

and others. Cartoons

Service) With con-

E.

Introduction by

GETTLENAN

h

‘

e

collection

Cloth $5.95;

Cloth $&95

fool's gold

we

want

and

of

THAILAND

PROFILE OF THE IN A TIME OF TORMENT

By Louis Loans. An appalling por-

making, based on interviews with

SCHOOL DROPOUT icemen stationed in Thailand. The War That a great many Thais and U. S. sere. The trait of another Vietnam in the a fascinating and alarming book." of the Left, the Right, and the Cen- By I.

Hanby dissected by one of the "First-rate political journalism ... mestic political life, are all brit- ter, American foreign policy, do- most independent and outspoken A Reader on America's

— journalists of our time. E ited by Major Educational Problem cators, administrators, and psy- c ologists probe for the reasons

meet the problem, and offer Ideas why young people quit school, dis.

o their own.

Publishers' Weekly. .}.103it

ss various programs designed to

War That Will Be

Vintage Book paperback $1.95

Vintage

F.

RANDOM HOUSE

STONE.

GUM SCHREIBER.

Book

Is,

Leading politicians

paperback $1.95

Cloth $4.95;

Cloth $6.95;

$7.95

Edu

.

'

'4. weekend?

be back in the saddle M a matter of hours.

Yitzchak Rabin, who said Nasser would people than did Israeli Chief of Staff

Sias: It is a fact that most American

anti-Arab and disgustingly pro-Israel. From time to time, however, one en- newspapers and magazines are rabidly

urally, the writings of such journalists counters a journalist with a clear con- science who tries to be objective. Nat-

mawkish stories and nefarious lies about enrage American Zionists and "civilian who then fall back on their standard

volunteers" just returning from Israel,

Arab brutality and hatred for Israel. The same gentlemen, however, always

the haps the distinguished writers are of the

The Chosen People. We have experienced fail to tell their readers how much love opinion that the backward and bellig- erent Arabs are unworthy of the love of

bombs falling on hospitals and refugee cious form, in the form of napalm their love in its most wanton and mali- camps. It would be too much to expect

to see pictures of napalm-burnt Arabs in

such pictures for any person who wishes Israel's many acts of love! American papers, but I have a stock of

to see for himself just one example of

read Women's Wear Daily even before Sias: It was nice to learn from the De-

cember issue of your magazine that you

peace march we wrote about dove fash- October 23 coverage of the Washington ino

ion. We also wrote a good bit about the "Peanuts." We read length from participants. people and the issues and quoted at "Krazy Kat" whenever we can. RAMPARTS

birth, patrician in manner) occupied that

your Washington stringer (Scottish by

EDWARD 0. (TED) BERKMAN New York City

MUHAMMAD

Princeton, New Jersey

You are certainly correct that in our

We ha

JAMES W. BRADY,

Women's Wear Daily New York City

Israelis

and Publisher

on

TONGUE IN CHIC

d tw

cover the march? Or

have for the Arabs. Per-

os re

H. Inaawim

y

po

a

rte

ll

Vice President

J

RAMPARTS

i

s

at

a

n

ncl

ee

ko a

p

n

h

before

d

ot

Th

Was

og

d

-

Today's world peace.

Today's expanded Saturday Review Is also a vital force • life and thought of the nation as well. thought of its readers—now numbering over halt a million. And in the

of the writers—the wit and wisdom that are part of Saturday Review's you are. Subjects vary from foreign policy to foreign films, from red

Each weekly issue of Saturday Review is concerned with the same things Here is a representative sampling from recent Issues: unique style—era unvarying. schoolhouse to Red China. But the clarity of the a More recently, Theodore C. Sorensen's widely-hailed Saturday Review Saturday Review articles match your moods, your interests, your needs.

berger Award to Saturday Review for "its courage and persistence in

The Society of Magazine Writers presented its sixth Richard L Neu-

presenting the issue of peace." news all over America...and In London, Rome and other foreign capi-

proach "to the making of a rational peace."

tals as well. It was hailed everywhere for its fresh, constructive ap- article, "The War in Vietnam—How We Can End It," made front page

purpose...and its wide range of interests

•

•

• • • • • •

A special invitation for new readers who

LAST CHANCE ON NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION?

BEYOND by Arthur Larson

THE REGENTS AND THE RIGHT MORALE AND MORALITY IN VIETNAM THE SCHOOLS AND THE PREGNANT TEENAGER STUDENTS AND THE DRAFT

by Susan Strom THE CHALLENGE OF FEAR THE THREE R'S IN CALIFORNIA—REAGAN, by

by Norman Cousins WASHINGTON: A REPORTER'S

expanded Saturday Review is a vital force in the search for

share Saturday Review's transcendent

Tom Wicker

THE

RIOTS

by Elmo Roper

"The first order of business

unless it contributes in ...nothing that

rational peace. Blg Institutions, public or private, can become purpose."

by Alan Paton

by lames Cam

From an editorial by Norman Cousins

big

by William MEMOIR

writing,

rubble In the absence of a transcendent

Editor, Saturday Review

anyone

in

the authority

Trombley

the life and

some way to

Is

is

doing really makes sense

finding an answer to war

... communications ... world affairs , . travel The magazine that started as the Saturday Review of Literature is now TWELVE MAGAZINES FOR THE PRICE OF ONE

mon national weekly. Take advantage of this special offer — editorials that spark thinking and influence policy...regular columns See for yourself how much you have in common with today's most uncom- 36 issues only $2.97. the Saturday Review of literature ... science ... education ... music that will make you laugh, think, and understand the world a little better. scribers only—to get acquainted with Saturday Review. In

you may cancel your If

orful Use the

Saturday Review coming your (A regular

—not the usual

.. theater

you are

addition to articles of interest and distinction, you will also enjoy

the making of a

380 Madison Avenue • New York, N.Y. 10017

SaturdayReviezo

and

accompanying postage-free order

exciting

not delighted with Saturday Review

$12.se

movies... and TV.radio.

refund

newsstand

weekly from cover to coverage.

subscription

on

unmailed copies!

value; Mee by aubseriptlon)

way regularly. Enjoy this

and receive a

business ... art

card to start

at any time.

lull refund

for

new sub-

col- AOS IS A FINE MOUNTAIN TOWN, about an hour's drive ART OF THE LAWRENCE LEGEND IS what the Grove Press from Santa Fe, New Mexico. The whole countryside biography—reissued with a flashy cover during the is rugged, the volcanic landscape seemingly having halcyon days of Lady Chatterley's Lover—calls his Ttumbled down from the peaks of the sacred Taos p "volcanic life and loves." His life was indeed ex- Mountain. There is majesty in the scenery, and also melo- plosive, but Lawrence was no Frank Harris. By and large, drama; that, above all else, impressed D. H. Lawrence when he Frieda was the only woman in his life. Their marriage seems arrived there in 1922. to have been intense and demanding enough to keep both of However, he found other attractions besides the view. The them busy ; in Lawrence's own favorite symbolic terms, the Taos area offered him sanctuary from the carping, small- relationship simultaneously devoured and renewed. But minded world of letters which rejected him as subversive. And innumerable other women, like Mrs. Luhan, insisted on idol- there was also an active Indian pueblo in which Lawrence saw izing their messiah. They are all gone now—all except Dorothy fascinating glimpses-of the primitive life-style which later made Brett, whose relationship with Lawrence was the most peculiar its way into his writing, offering a partial alternative to and un-Lawrencean of all. desiccated modern life. Brett, as she prefers to be called, was born in 1883, the Taos had all the lively ingredients of an artists' colony long daughter of Viscount Esher. From her stock of aristocratic before Lawrence conferred instant immortality upon the area memories she can look back on dancing lessons with Queen by making it the focus of his American adventures. Although Victoria's grandchildren, a presentation at court before she Lawrence stayed in Tam only intermittently and has been was 20, and attendance at the coronation of Edward VII. Her dead now for more than 35 years, one immediately senses that family was part of the landless aristocracy which insisted upon his legend has permanently embraced the town ; it has become carrying on as if the First World War hadn't permanently as crucial to its identity as the thin, mentholated air, the violent severed relations with Victorianism. They were shocked when pastel sunsets and the Indians. Brett decided to go to art school. They were dismayed when Lawrence came to America grudgingly, only after insistent she became a member of Lawrence's informal bohemian invitations and guarantees of security from Mabel Dodge entourage in the '20s. Luhan, a wealthy immigrant from Park Avenue and lioness When Lawrence returned to New Mexico in 1924, Brett of Taos culture in the '20s. Mrs. Luhan was one of countless accompanied him and Frieda. And, except for brief trips to women magnetically attracted to Lawrence throughout his Mexico, England and Italy, where she last saw Lawrence in lifetime; relationships which were usually based on a combi- 1926, she has remained there ever since. nation of sex and transcendentalism. He was, however, too In the memoirs she is putting into book form, Brett says of seasoned a sufferer to bring many illusions with him. Shortly her relationship with Lawrence: "Intuitively, I understood after arriving in Taos, he wrote back to. Europe: "Everything him. I never encroached on his life, or Frieda's with him. Yet in America goes by will. A great negative will seems to be turned instinctively, intuitively, I was close to him. This is what against all spontaneous life—there seems to be nofeeling at all enraged Frieda.... Frieda's colossal femaleness bitterly hated —no genuine bowels of compassion and sympathy: all this my lack of femaleness.... It was not 'love' or 'being in love' gripped, iron, benevolent will, which in the end is diabolic." that was paramount in our friendship. It was this other, These are, of course, familiar figures of speech from the deeper, more subtle thing that flashed up and gleamed between apocalyptic language Lawrence adopted in his novels to preach us through everything." to an age which he saw as rationally mad, a civilization whose After Lawrence's death, Brett remained in Taos, carrying vital juices he envisioned as drying up at the source. He out one of his old fixations by involving herself artistically wearily accepted America as a temporary but not an especially in Indian culture. She is almost Faulknerian in that she has congenial refuge from the repressions and harassment that "endured." That lack of "femaleness," one senses, may have stalked his artistic life. Taos was a brief stopover on what one allowed her to outlast all the others. Today, her paintings are of Lawrence's friends called his "savage pilgrimage." beginning to be collector's items, primarily, one suspects, be- Aside from the legions of dissertation writers and scholars cause of her intimate connection with the Lawrence saga. who migrate to Taos as if it were Mecca, the Lawrence legend Despite his basic fondness for Brett as a loyal companion has accumulated some interesting ironies over the years. There and his obvious admiration for the fact that she made few is, for instance, the cloak and dagger work that goes on be- demands on his already stretched spirit, Lawrence some- tween competing university libraries for the remaining relics times became irritated by Brett. He often refers to her in his of his literary remains. Lawrence would have found this letters as "the Brett," almost as if she were an annoying con- activity sadly irrelevant, especially because the bibliophiles are trivance. He mentions her near-deafness in exasperation, along after his works, not the message in them. But he would prob- with her ubiquitous ear trumpet called "Toby," Toby is gone ably have been amused that Mrs. Luhan used the manu- now, having long ago been replaced by a less flamboyant script of Sons and Lovers—which she was given in exchange hearing-aid. But one feels something like Lawrence's un- for her Taos ranch—to pay her psychiatrist's bill. Mast ironic specified irritation, although probably for a much different of all, however, is the way that Lawrence was enshrined in Taos, reason, toward this charming woman, whose lined, 85-year- reigning as the town's favorite poltergeist. In 1935, Frieda, his old face is softened by a sort of implacable goodwill. When I wife, had his body exhumed from its grave in France and then talked to Brett recently, it struck use that, like most people cremated. The ashes were placed in the shrine erected to who have lived history as opposed to analyzing it, she hadn't Lawrence's memory on the grounds of the ranch. Phoenix- stored up much privileged information. The people she had like, Lawrence has arisen from the ashes to become a major known—including Pound, Yeats, Robinson Jeffers, Stieglitz, factor in Taos' life. Stokowski and a host of others—and the historical currents

Portrait of Hon. Dorothy Brett by Baron Wolman by Peter Collier she was caught up in failed to make a lasting impression. She He was against the sort of shabbiness that wanted to burn ing was more vivid. Die we must, and no FRIEDA: seems to have accepted the milieu she moved in during the his paintings and his books." Even their present owner admits Something left on the door- all day and turning it into venom to spew "Forest Lawn" can wipe death out. step. '20s as passively as the weather. that the Lawrences don't do much for him. in my face! Lawrence infused new meaning into the LAWRENCE: Give it here. The Lawrence Brett remembers was no existential hero Brett insisted that Lawrence "painted for relaxation, just LAWRENCE: No . . . I've been making written word, by going deeper than the FRIEDA: The donor is anonymous. doing epic battle with the rules. "You know,' she says nos- the way that he used to do carpentry up at the ranch." It was a trap. I've been making a shiny steel surface. We have had a lot of surface. We only caught a glimpse of her through the talgically, "the thing I remember most about Lawrence was purely a hobby ; she remembers how he would dabble in her trap to catch you in, you vixen! Now have become bored. Lawrence faced his window. that he was so charming. That's what has stayed with me all own uncompleted canvases. "He didn't have much technical break away if you can! dying with clear courage, he lived it right LAWRENCE: A woman? these years." skill as a painter," she says, "and hardly any pretensions." FRIEDA: (grinning and wincing) Oh, through. When finally it was over for him FRIEDA: Yes.... One suspects that Lawrence's desire to rescue his paintings, God, how you hurt! and he lay dead on his bed, I felt a triumph LAWRENCE: Yes.... LAWRENCE: cASUALLY MIXED IN among Brett's paintings at the when the London magistrates were considering putting them (slowly releasing her) . in him. He was dead, but he had died with FRIEDA: Some breathless little spinster Manchester Galleries—of which she is co-owner to the torch, was due more to his inability to allow English Don't lie . . . You with that great life in an unbroken spirit, he had lived in superb in a blue pea-jacket. She stuck it on the along with her friend and next-door neighbor, John philistinism to triumph over him than to any intense invest- you ... Why did God give you so much honesty and the pride of a man. porch and scuttled back down the hill Manchester—is a carelessly framed painting by ment he had in his art. "No more crucifixions, no more and me so little? You could take my arm When 1 think of him now after all these before I could answer the doorbell. D. H. Lawrence. It is a fairly innocuous study of a family, all martyrdoms, no more autos-der-fe as long as time lasts, if I can and snap it like a dry stick. years, it is as if a kind wind blew on my LAWRENCE: nude, and is modestly priced at $2000. Three miles away, in the help it," he wrote from the Continent during the crisis. (his voice rising, queru- FRIEDA: No ... You were always the flame of life to make it burn brighter. He center of Taos, are six more of Lawrence's paintings, each The paintings were eventually saved when Frieda promised lously shrill) It's for me, isn't it? stronger one. Big as I am, I never could will do the same for others, if they give priced at $15,000. to take them out of England. After her death they became the FRIEDA: Ja, es ist fur dich. beat you, could I? him a chance.—Frieda Lawrence Saki Karavas, an engaging Greek, owns Taos' La Fonda property of Angelo RavagJi, her last husband. He, in turn, sold LAWRENCE: Well, give it here, damn LAWRENCE: (with satisfaction) No. you, you— ! Hotel, as well as the Lawrence canvases. On the entrance to them to Karavas, it is rumored, at a reasonably low price. You couldn't. (His breath rasps hoarsely.) The characters in this play are Law- FRIEDA: his building, there is a lettered placard notifying the public that Said Karavas has files of correspondence about his art. He Tch! I thought that the sun Put the jar down on the sill. rence, Frieda and Bertha. had put you in a good humor. the largest single collection of Lawrence's paintings is inside, seems to realize that the possession of a fragment of Lawrence FRIEDA: (complying) Ah, there's a card The scene is at Vence, France, in the and that they are the same notorious works that were confis- LAWRENCE: It's put me in a vile stuck on it. "From one of your devoted has temporarily enfranchised him as an Important Man in the Alpes-Maritimes. cated by Scotland Yard in 1929 when the Warren Galleries tried humor. We've sat here making faces at readers." And on the other side it says: literary world. The University of Nottingham, near Lawrence's It is late afternoon. to stage a showing of them in London. Visitors pay one dollar birthplace, would like to have the paintings, as would the each other the whole afternoon. I say "I worship you, Mr. Lawrence, because Lawrence is seated on a sunporch, the to enter Karavas' private office and view the "erotica." University of Texas, which prides itself on having the largest to the sun, Make me well, you old bitch, I know that only a god could know so right wall of which is a window that give me strength, take hold of my hands Probably for many people, the experience is a let-down. The collection of Lawrence memorabilia in the world. There are much about Lifer faces the sun. A door in this wall opens nudes aren't nearly as "erotic" as most bus terminal graffiti. also letters from Playboy and Eros regarding the photographic and pull me up out of this chair! But the LAWRENCE: (dryly) In looking for God out on the high seacliff. It is windy: the sun is a stingy Hausfrau. Brett commented, "Neither Lawrence's painting nor his features of the paintings. "I know they're valuable," Saki says She goes about so unsuccessfully myself, it seems that I surf can be heard. Lawrence looks out writing was really erotic in the usual sense of the word. He cagily, "because Aga Khan was once interested in them." He sweeping the steps and pretends not to have accidentally managed to create one that way. Behind him, on the left wall, wasn't so much for the erotic as he was against shabbiness. feels that all he has to do is wait and he'll get his price. He hear me begging. Ah, well, I don't blame for an anonymous spinster in a blue woven in silver and scarlet and gold, is a her. I never did care for beggars myself Respect for the self and the body was what he was preaching. probably will: the Lawrence market in Taos is always bull. pea-jacket. Upon the altar of her pagan large banner that bears the design of the very much. A man shouldn't beg. A man deity she places a dainty jar of orange Phoenix in a nest of flames—Lawrence's should seize what he wants and tear it marmalade! What a cynical little woman favorite symbol. out of the hands of the adversary. And she is! Only the little ones of the earth, He sits quite still. His beard is fiercely if he can't get it, if he can't tear it away, who scuttle downhill like pebbles dis- red and his face is immobile, the color then he should let it go and give up and lodged by the rain, are really capable of I Rise In Flame, Cried The Phoenix of baked clay with tints of purple in it. be contented with nothing. Look. (He such monumental disbelief. They find The hands that gripped the terrible stuff has unwrapped the package.) A little jar their god and they give him marmalade. of life and made it plastic are folded on of orange marmalade. We smiles with If I find mine . . . ever . . . If I found by Tennessee Williams the black and white checked surface of childish pleasure.) This is the month of mine, I'd tear the heart out of my body an invalid's blanket. The long fingers of August put in a bottle. and burn it before him. A play about D. H. Lawrence boldly sensual in matter, this exhibition NOTE BY FRIEDA LAWRENCE: This the Welsh coal miners, with their fine FRIEDA: Ja! Sehr gut. You can have FRIEDA: Your health is returning. created a little tempest. The pictures book has a beautiful title. When 1 With a note by Frieda Lawrence blond hairs and their knobby knuckles, it for breakfast. LAWRENCE: What makes you think were seized by the police and would have Aead this short play, I forgot that made for rending the black heart out of LAWRENCE: (drawing tenderly on the so? been burned if the authorities had not it was supposed to be Lawrence and me; the earth, are knotted together with a fine gold thread) Uh-huh. I can have it for FRIEDA: You are getting so sentimen- been restrained by an injunction. At this it happens in that other world where crea- tightness that betrays the inner lack of breakfast as long as I live, huh, Frieda? tal about yourself and so unappreciated time Lawrence's great study of sexual tion takes place. The theme of it is the repose. His slightly distended nostrils It's just the right size for that. and so misunderstood. . . . You can't passion, Lady Chatterley's Lover, was eternal antagonism and attraction be- draw the breath in and out as tenderly FRIEDA: Shut up. (She starts to take stand Jesus Christ because he beat you Copyright 1951 by Tennessee Williams. likewise under the censor's ban, as much tween man and woman. This was between as if it were an invisible silk thread that the Jar from him. Quick as a cat, he to it. Oh, how you would have loved to Reprinted by permission of New Direc- of his work had been in the past. Lawrence and me too. But the greater any unusual tension might snap in two. snatches her wrist in a steel grip.) suffer the original crucifixion! tions Publishing Corporation. All rights Lawrence felt the mystery and power reality was something else. I wish I could Born for contention, he is contending LAWRENCE: Leave go of it, damn you! LAWRENCE: If only I had your throat reserved. Permission for performance or of sex as the primal life urge, and was say in convincing words what it was—it with something he can't get his hands on. FRIEDA: (laughing) My God, but you between my fingers. reproduction must be obtained from the the lifelong adversary of those who difficult. What was it? It was so is dif- He has to control his fury. And so he is still are strong! FRIEDA: (crouching beside him) Here publishers. wanted to keep the subject locked away ferent from the ordinary everyday being- seated motionless in the sunlight — LAWRENCE: You didn't think so? is my throat ... Now choke me. in the cellars of prudery. Much of his in-love, that has its limits so very soon. It wrapped in a checkered blanket and FRIEDA: I had forgotten. You've been LAWRENCE: (gently touching her throat PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR: The was life in its freedom, its limitless possi- work is chaotic and distorted by tangent lavender wool shawl.... The Tiger in so gentle lately. with the tips of his fingers) Frieda ... do action of this play, which is im- obsessions, such as his insistence upon bilities, that bound us together. In our him is trapped, but not destroyed yet. LAWRENCE: Thought you'd tamed me? you think I will ever get back to New aginary, takes place on the French poverty the whole world with everything the woman's subservience to the male, Frieda comes in, a large, handsome FMEDA: Yes, but I should have known Mexico? Riviera where D. H. Lawrence died. in it was ours. It was living every moment, but all in all, his work is probably the woman of fifty, rather like a Valkyrie. better. I should have suspected what FRIEDA: You will do what you want Not long before Lawrence's death an not only existing day by day. All that greatest modern monument to the dark She holds up a fancy package. you've been doing inside you, lapping yd Ld aowf remni cset nTeheey r oe uhas ver been exhibition of his paintings was held in happened was a new experience. Because roots of creation. LAWRENCE: (without even turning his that yellow cream up, you sly old fox, any kind ou nl ed ju mpee n London. Primitive in technique and —Tennessee Williams of the background ofdeath, every happen- head) What is it? sucking the fierce red sun in your body over or crawl under or squeezeze through.

t4 RAMPARTS RAMPARTS 15 LAWRENCE: Do you think I will ever women. They'll burst in the door and the LAWRENCE: (friously) Don't answer You think I'm anxious to have more of a person than carnal knowledge. get back on a strong white horse and go windows the moment I lose the strength me back, put 'em there! hens around me? (He wriggles fretfully FRIEDA: But carnal knowledge comes off like the wind across the glittering to push them away. They'll moan and FRIEDA: Wie du waist! (She hastens to in the chair for a moment, then throws off first. desert? I'm not a literary man, I'm tired they'll flutter like doves around the place the aquarium on the sill.) the blanket and pushes himself to his feet. BERTHA: I disagree with you. of books. Nobody knows what an ugly burnt-out Phoenix. They'll cover my LAWRENCE: You know what I think? Stumbling with dizziness and breathing FRIEDA: And also with Lawrence, joke it is that a life like mine should only face and my hands with filmy kisses and I think you fed her the fish. It's like you heavily, he moves to the inside rear door then. He always insisted you couldn't come out in books. little trickling tears. Alma the nympho- to do such a thing. You're both so fat, so of the porch. He reaches it and pauses know women until you had known their FRIEDA: What else should it come out maniac and the virginal Bertha—all of rapacious, so viciously healthy and with a fit of coughing. He looks anxiously bodies. in? the under- and over-sexed women I've hungry! back toward the chair.) No, no, damn BERTHA: Frieda, I think it is you who LAWRENCE: In some kind of violent known, who think me the oracle of their FRIEDA: Such a fuss over a goldfish! you . . . I won't! (He looks up at the kept him so much in his body! action. But all that I ever do is go pack- messed-up libidos—they'll all return LAWRENCE: It isn't just a goldfish. Phoenix, straightens himself heroically FRIEDA: Well, if I did he's got that to ing around the world with women and with their suffocating devotion. I don't FRIEDA: What is it then? and goes out.) thank me for. manuscripts and a vile disposition. want that. I want to die as a lonely old LAWRENCE: Now that my strength's (After a few moments Frieda returns BERTHA: I'm not so sure it's some- pretend to be waging a war with bour- animal does. I want to die fiercely and used up I can't help thinking how much with Bertha, a small, sprightly person, an thing to be thankful for. geois conceptions of morality, with cleanly with nothing but anger and fear of it's been thrown away in squabbling English gentlewoman with the quick voice FRIEDA: What would you have done prudery, with intellectuality, with all and other hard things like that to deal with you. and eyes of a child.) with him if ever you got your claws on kinds of external forces that aren't ex- with at the finish. You understand, FRIEDA: (suddenly covering her face) FRIEDA: My God, he's got up! him? ternal at all. What I'm fighting with Frieda? I've still got a bit of the male left Oh, Lawrence. BERTHA: He shouldn't? BERTHA: Claws? ... Frieda! really's the little old maid in myself, the in me and that's the part that I'm going LAWRENCE: What are you doing? FRIEDA: Another hemorrhage will kill FRIEDA: You would have plucked him breathless little spinster who scuttles to meet death with. When the last bleed- Crying? Stop it. I can't stand crying. It him. The least exertion is likely to bring out of his body. Where would be be? back down the hill before God can an- ing comes, and it will in a little while makes me worse. one on. Lorenzo, where are you? In the air? Ah, your deep understanding swer the doorbell. Now I want to get now, I won't be put into bed and huddled FRIEDA: I think you hate me, Law- LAWRENCE: (from the rear) Quit cluck- and my stupidity always! back on the desert and try all over again over by women. I won't stay in the rence. ing, you old wet ben. I'm fetching the BERTHA: Frieda! to become a savage. I want to stand up house, Frieda. I'll open this door and go (After a moment he shyly touches her tea. FRIEDA: You just don't know. The op the Lobos and watch a rainstorm outside on the cliff. And I don't with arm.) BERTHA: Go back to him, make him meaning of Lawrence escapes you. In all coming ten miles off like a silver-helm- to be followed. That's the important LAWRENCE: Don't believe me . . . I stop! of his work he celebrates the body. How eted legion of marching giants. And point, Frieda. I'm going to do it alone. love you. lch lithe dich, Frieda. Put some FRIEDA: He wouldn't. he despises the prudery of people that that's what I'm going to do, damn you! With the rocks and the water. Sunlight rum in the tea. I'm getting much BERTHA: Does he want to die? want to hide it! FRIEDA: Whoever said that you . starlight on me. No hands, no lips, stronger, so why should I feel so weak? FRIEDA: Oh, no, no, no! He has no BERTHA: Oh, Frieda, the same old wouldn't? no women! Nothing but . . . pitiless FRIEDA: (touching his forehead) I wish lungs and yet he goes on breathing. The quarrel! LAWRENCE: You! . . You know that nature ... you would go back to bed. heart's worn out and yet the heart keeps FRIEDA: Yes, let's stop it. What's left I won't. You know that the male savage FRIEDA: I don't believe you. I don't LAWRENCE: The bed's an old tarbaby. beating. It's awful to watch, this struggle. of Lorenzo, let's not try to divide it! part of me's dead and all that's left is think people want nothing but "pitiless I'd get stuck. How do I know that I'd I wish he would stop, I with that he'd BERTHA: What's left of Lorenzo, is the old pusillanimous squaw. Women nature" when they're ... get loose again? Is my forehead hot? give it up and just let go! something that can't be divided! have such a fine intuition of death. They LAWRENCE: Frieda! You mean you (He recites in a childish treble.) "Lady- BERTHA: Frieda! FRIEDA: Sh! ... He's coming. smell it coming before it's started even. refuse? bug, ladybug, fly away home, thine FRIEDA: His body's a house that's BERTHA: (advancing a few steps to the I think it's women that actually let death FRIEDA: No. I consent absolutely. house is on fire, thy children will burn!" made out of tissuepaper and caught on door) Lorenzo! in. They whisper and beckon and slip it LAwRENcE: You give me your prom- (Me smiles slightly.) My mother used to fire. The walls are transparent, they're LAWRENCE: (He is out of sight as he the dark latchkey from under their ise? sing that whenever she saw one . . . all lit up with the flame! When people speaks.) "Pussycat, pussycat,where have aprons .. . Don't they? FRIEDA: Ja doch! Ganz dutch die Ewir Simple ... Most people are so damned are dying the spirit ought to go out, it you been?" FRIEDA: No . . It's women that pay keit! Now think about something else. complicated and yet there is nothing ought to die out slowly before the flesh. BERTHA: (gaily) "I've been to London the price of admission for life. And all I'll go fix tea. (She starts to go out.) much to them. You shouldn't be able to see it so terribly to look at the Queen!" of their lives they make of their arms a LAWRENCE: (suddenly noticing some- FRIEDA: (She starts out, then pauses brightly consuming the walls that give it LAWRENCE: (coming nearer) "Pussy- crossbar at the door that death wants to thing) Ah, my God. before the banner.) Ah, you old Phoenix a place to inhabit! cat, pussycat, what did you there?" FRIEDA: BERTHA: I never have believed that BERTHA (her voice catching slightly) Two Portraits of Lawrence by come in by. Men love death ... Women What's the matter? ... you brave and angry old bird in your Hon. Dorothy Brett. don't. Men cut wounds in each other LAWRENCE: Put the aquarium on the nest of flames! I think you are just a Lorenzo could die. I don't think he will "I chased a little mouse . . . under a and women stop the bleeding. windowsill. little bit sentimental. even now. chair!" The D.H.Lawrense Shrine in Taos, New Mexico LAWRENCE: Yes. By drinking the FRIEDA: Why? LAWRENCE: (leaning suddenly forward) FRIEDA: But can he do it? Live with- (Laughing, Lawrence appears in the blood. Don't touch me no much! (She LAWRENCE: So I can keep an eye on it. Tea for three! out a body, I mean, be just a flame with doorway, pushing a small tea-cart. Bertha • releases his fingers.) Your fingers, they That detestable cat has attacked the FRIEDA: Who is it? nothing to feed itself on? stares aghast.) make me feel weaker, they drain the goldfish again. LAWRENCE: Bertha! . . . Back from BERTHA: The Phoenix could do it. LAWRENCE: Yes, I know ... I know ... strength out of my body. FRIEDA: How do you know? London with news of the exhibition. (He FRIEDA: The Phoenix was legendary. I look an amateur's job of embalming, FRIEDA: Oh, no, no, no, they put it LAWRENCE: How do I know? There pulls himself out of the chair.) Lorenzo's a man. don't I? back in, mein Liebchen. used to be four, now there's three! Beau FRIEDA: What are you doing? BERTHA: He's more than a man. BERTHA: (bravely) Lorenzo, you look LAWRENCE: I want you to promise me Soleil! LAWRENCE: I'm going outside to meet FRIEDA: I know you always thought very well. something. If I should die, Frieda ... the FRIEDA: She's gone outside. her. so. But you're mistaken. LAWRENCE: It isn't rouge, it's the moment I'm dying, please to leave me LAWRENCE: To lick her chops, God FRIEDA: Sit down, you fool! I'll meet BERTHA: You'd never admit that Lo- fever! I'm burning, burning, and still I alone! . . . Don't touch me, don't put damn her! Set the goldfish bowl on the her. And don't you dare to ask her to renzo was a god. never burn out. The doctors are all your hands on me, and don't let anyone windowsill. stay in this house. . . . If you do, I'll FRIEDA: Having slept with him ... No, astonished. And disappointed. As for else ... I have a nightmarish feeling that FRIEDA: You can't keep them there in leave! (She goes out.) I wouldn't. that expectant widow of mine, she's while I'm dying I'll be surrounded by the sun. The sun will kill them. LAWRENCE: Cluck-cluck-cluck-duck! BERTHA: There's more to be known almost given up hope. (Bertha moves to

16 RAMPARTS Photographs by Baron Wolman assist him with the table.) Don't bother BERTHA: Well, Lorenzo? What did they do to my pictures? Burn exhausted, the harlot has taken his me. I can manage. LAWRENCE: You haven't said anything them? Destroy them? strength and now she will start to de- FRIEDA: He won't be still, he won't yet. BERTHA: No. We got out an injunction stroy him. She's eating him up ... Oh, rest! BERTHA: Anything? About what? to keep them from burning the pictures. but he won't stay down. He'll climb back LAWRENCE: Cluck-cluck-cluck-cluck! LAWRENCE: What do you think that I LAWRENCE: The pictures are safe? out of her belly and there will be light. You better watch out for the rooster, you sent you to London for? BERTHA: The pictures are safe, Lo- In the end there will always be light ... old wet hen! BERTHA: To get me out of the way! renzo. And I am the prophet of it! (He rises FRIEDA: A wonderful Chanticleer you LAWRENCE: What else? . .. Out with FRIEDA: Sit down in that chair or I'll with difficult y.) make in that lavender shawl! it, damn you! The show! How did they have to put you to bed! (She tries to BERTHA: Lorenzo! LAWRENCE: Who put it on me? You, like my pictures? push him down. He slaps her fiercely.) FRIEDA: Lawrence, be careful! you bitch! (He flings it off.) Rest was BERTHA: Well ... BERTHA: Lorenzo! LAWRENCE: Shut up! Don't touch me! never any good for me, Brett. FRIEDA: Go on, Brett, tell him the LAWRENCE: Vaunting her power, (He staggers to the great window.) In the BERTHA: Rest for a little while. Then truth. The monster will not be satisfied gloating over my weakness! Put me to end there is going to be light . . . light, we go sailing again! till he hears it ! bed? Just try it ... I dare you to touch light! (His voice rises and he stretches his LAWRENCE: We three go sailing again! BERTHA: Well ... me! arms out like a Biblical prophet.) Great "Rub-a-dub-dub! Three fools in a tub! FRIEDA: The exhibition was a com- FRIEDA: Lawrence, sit down in that light! . . . Great, blinding, universal The Brett, the Frieda, the old Fire-eater!" plete fiasco! Just as I said it would be! chair or you'll start the bleeding again. light ! And I . . I'm the prophet of it! BERTHA (tugging at his beard) The old LAWRENCE: You mean that they liked (He stares at her for a moment and then (He staggers and clutches his mouth.) Fire-eater ! my pictures? obeys slowly.) FRIEDA: Lawrence! LAWRENCE: Watch out! Now I'll have FRIEDA: Liked your pictures? They LAWRENCE: (weakly) Give me back the BERTHA: (terrified) What is it? to comb it. (He takes out a little mirror called your pictures disgusting! shawl. The sun's getting weaker. The FRIEDA: The bleeding! and comb.) LAWRENCE: Ah! . . Success! They young blond god is beginning to be se- BERTHA: Lorenzo ! (She tries to rush FRIEDA: So vain of his awful red said that I couldn't paint? That I draw duced by the harlot of darkness ... to him but Frieda clutches her arm.) whiskers! like a child? They called my figures FRIEDA: Now he's going to make his LAWRENCE: Don't touch me, you LAWRENCE: (combing) She envies me grotesque? Lumpy, obscene, misshapen, classic remarks on the sunset. (She puts women. I want to do it alone ... Don't my beard. All women resent men's monstrous, deformed? the shawl about him.) move till it's finished. (Gradually, as whiskers. They can't stand anything, BERTHA: You must have seen the re- LAWRENCE: Yes . . . the pictures . though forced down to the earth by in- Brett, that distinguishes men from views, you've read them yourself. they weren't very good but they had a visible arms, he begins to collapse, but women. LAWRENCE: Why? Am I quoting fierce life in them. still he clings to the wall and shuffles along FRIEDA: Quite the contrary. (She pours exactly? BERTHA: They had you )if them. But it, gasping for breath, until he has reached the tea.) FRIEDA: Yes, you are quoting exactly! why did you want to. pairii, Lorenzo? the door. He opens the door.) Don't LAWRENCE: They take the male in LAWRENCE: And what did the public LAWRENCE: Why did I want to write? follow. (He goes out.) their bodies . . . but only because they think? And what of the people? Because I'm an artist . . .,,What is an BERTHA: (struggling fiercely with Frie- secretly hope that he won't be able to get FRIEDA: The people laughed! artist? ... A man who lot life too in- da) Let me go, let me go, I work to go out again, that he'll be captured for good. LAWRENCE: They laughed? tensely, a man who loves li tpfhe hates to him. FRIEDA: What kind of talk for a FRIEDA: Of course they laughed! Lo- her and has to strike out witti' his fist as I FRIEDA: I promised "no women"! maiden lady to hear! renzo, you're not a painter, you're a struck out at Frieda ... To show her he BERTHA: You go! LAWRENCE: There she goes again, writer! Why, you can't even draw a knows her tricks, and he's still the FRIEDA: Nobody, nobody goes to Brett ... obscene old creature! Gloating straight line! master! (The smoky yellow light is be- him. Not you, not me, no woman. over your celibacy ! LAWRENCE: No! But I can draw a ginning to dim.) Oh, Brett, oh, Frieda ... BERTHA: He can't die alone, I won't FRIEDA: Gloating over it? Never! I crooked line, Frieda. And that is the I wanted to stretch out the long, sweet let him! No human being would let him! think how lucky she is that she doesn't reason that I can put life in my pictures! arms of my art and embrace the whole FRIEDA: (agonized)I will, I promised, have to be told a hundred times every How was the attendance? How many world! But it isn't enough to go out to I'll let him! (The wind blows open the day that a man is life and that woman is came to look? the world with love. And so I doubled door to the terrace. There is the sound of just a passive hunk of protoplasm. BERTHA: After the disturbance, the my fist and I struck and I struck. Words waves breaking. The silk banner of the LAWRENCE: I never said paiSige. I al- entrance had to be roped off to hold weren't enough .. . I had to have color, Phoenix billows out from the wall. Bertha ways said malignant. (He puts the comb back the crowds. too. I took to paint and I painted the almost breaks away, but Frieda violently away and stares in the mirror.) Ain't I LAWRENCE: Disturbance? What dis- way that I wrote! Fiercely, without any restrains her again. In the struggle the the devil to look at? turbance? shame! This is life, I told them, life is lamp is upset and goes out. Bertha cries FRIEDA: I tell you, Brett, his ideas of FRIEDA: Just look. The monster's like this ! Wonderful! Dark! Terrific! Monster ! and collapses sobbing to the sex are becoming downright cosmic! exulting! They banned my books and they wanted floor. For a few moments, stillness: then When the sun comes up in the morning LAWRENCE: Go on, tell me what to burn my pictures! That's (sow it is ... faintly, as if from a distance, Lawrence's ... you know what he says? No, I won't happened! When first you look at the sun it strikes voice:) repeat it! And when the stin's going BERTHA: A group of ladies' club mem- you blind. Life's . . . blinding . . . (He LAWRENCE: Frieda ! (All in one instant down . . . Oh, well, you wiff ihear him bers attempted to slash the picture of stirs and leans forward.) The sun's . Frieda thrusts the sobbing woman vio- Abase and Opposite: The "suppressed" erotic series by D.H.Leavrenee. yourself. Adam and Eve. going down. He's seduced by the harlot lently away from her and sweeps out upon LAWRENCE: (chuckling) Yes, I always (Lawrence shakes with laughter.) of darkness. the terrace like a great winged bird.) make the same remark. You'll hear me FRIEDA: Lorenzo ! Slop that ! FRIEDA: Now he is going to say it ... FRIEDA: (Wildly, with infinite tender. yourself in just a few more minutes ... BERTHA: That was what called the at- Stop up your ears! ness) la komm', Ich komm', mein (He puts the mirror away.) tention of the police. LAWRENCE: Now she has got him, Liebchen ! Well, Brett ! LAWRENCE: The police? (He rises.) they're copulating together! The sun is

18 RAMPARTS RAMPARTS 19 •

and those on pages 23 and 36 are front for permission to publish them.

the Synagogue of the Hadassah Medical 250 copies, signed by Chagall. It was s Original lithograph by Marc Chasid:: This,

acknowledge the Boston Soak and Art Shop published by Andre Same, in collaboration Center in Jerusalem. We gratefully with the artist M France, 1962. The lithographs Val massive series of stained glass windows now in

hows are studies inspired by chassis,

-

aux pour Jerusalem,

I

I spoke to: "I want to keep my people safe.... Shouldn't 1

fight for the safety of my people? Didn't Russia fight together been a leader of the left socialist Zionist party, Mapam (United tools?' Our people have the right to live like any people!" with America against Hitler? Did that make them `imperialist different sort of political man who, some ten

aspirations. He soon joined the Communist Party of Israel,

and its major national spokesman in the Knesset (Parliament). Maki, and became a leading member of its Central Committee

Workers Party), and had split with it, denouncing its alleged failure to be sufficiently pro-Soviet and sympathetic to Arab do not accept the nonsense of its being an 'imperialist war.' The policy of Israel's government is full of mistakes—but we Franco? To question the rights of the Israeli people to exist, equivocally: "The June war was a war of national defense. We

are now speaking of the

question the rights of the Spanish people to live because of Semitism, even if it comes in a 'progressive' guise." In my and to choose their own social system, is a new form of anti-

ically polar as Ben-Gurion and Sneh by the realities of the

negotiations—that had been forged between Israelis as polit- travels throughout Israel, I was impressed by the consensus

on this issue—and other open to Israel.

six-day war. Based on recent extensive interviews, this article

will discuss the view that the left now has of the options

Israel is also an egalitarian and democratic society in which T made up of ordinary people, most of whom happen to be Jews.

a unity which is only in part explained by the sense of common

there is a palpable unity between government and people— by Maurice Zeitlin

In Tel Aviv, I heard the same from Moshe Sneh, a very

Speaking authoritatively for the Party, he told me un-

N

vast wasteland of southern Israel, David Ben-Gurion, had already heard wherever I went and from everyone the 81-year-old former prime minister, told me what I

HIS HOME IN KIBBUTZ SE EH BOKER,

HE REALITY OF ISRAEL

Israel is a new country and it is in many ways unique; but you discover that it is also an ordinary country

that of no other country, by polemics and abstractions.

a limited edition of

rights

issues,

has been obscured,

of a state to exist. Did anyone

such as the need for direct

The Post-War

in the middle of the

Israeli Left

years

earlier, had

as

perhaps

my interview with Ben-Gurion. all their failings, participated fully in its very creation and danger shared by all Israelis. It is a country whose leaders, for

retain a special commitment to the ideals for which it was ment to the reclamation of the desert by their own labor. When

establish a settlement there—in part because of their commit- created. Much of this impression of Israel was summed up in Ben-Gurion retired from the government several years ago, he joined the settlement, living his belief that theory and practice of the Negev. Several years ago, 18 young people decided to

must be fused.

everyone who spoke Hebrew in Palestine when I first came Zionism was not yet a movement, and if you had counted

here, you wouldn't have found more than a few ... I remember

Ben-Zvi [who was to be Israel's second President] and his Party], I decided to speak in Hebrew. Everyone but Itzhak

of the Zionist movement] was here. The question of Jewish brother walked out. Next time, they stayed. I remember," Ben- that at the Third Congress of our Party [Zionist Socialist Gurion continued, "that in 1912, Ahad Haam In leader of labor in the settlements—they used to call them `colonies'—I never liked that word—was being debated, that is, whether

"Lovers of Zion," one of the original non-political precursors

be the workers—that there could not be a Jewish working land. He returned to Odessa convinced that Jews would be the Jews could be workers and farmers and build their own home- landowners and organize the economy, and the Arabs would

class. And he was wrong! We have 800,000 children in Israel

Jews—and Arabs, too, of course. So if you ask me about the

been at odds with each other. Many aspects of Israeli society equality and social justice. What is not clear, however, contradicted democratic principle and the commitment to Zionist vision, I'll tell you—I am not a Zionist." whose mother tongue is Hebrew—everything is being done by and of its government's domestic and foreign policies have One effect of the six-day war has been an especially painful new all legitimate criticisms of Israeli reality have been made, is

the extent to which things could, in fact, have been different.

He lives some 30 miles south of Beersheba, in the middle

He has ample perspective: "When I was born in 1886,

Ben-Gurion's precept and practice have obviously often

RAMPARTS 21

when awareness for Israel's left—that the extent of the real options of the Arab regimes, and the exodus took place despite the The policies of the Arab regimes were never motivated by never historically a part of Palestine, nor directly of strategic facing Israel have been far narrower than they realized. If, in Israelis' attempt to stop it. During what followed—the immi- the plight of the Arab refugees, for whom they have demon- value to the State of Israel, would probably be returned to fact, a government had been in power in Israel from its incep- gration of the survivors of the Nazi concentration camps, and strated little genuine concern, and whom they have maintained Egypt, once an agreement for its demilitarization and terms tion that was unquestionably dedicated to enlightened and the need to defend against regimes sworn to destroy Israel— in perpetual degradation. Lebanon is the one country in which concerning navigation rights through Suez and the Gulf of humane domestic policies and consistent neutralist and anti- how much could Israel have done, and how much could be de- anything like resettlement of refugees from Palestine actually Aqaba were negotiated with Egypt directly. He also said : imperialist foreign policies, how much more could have been manded of her? Everything that could be done was demanded took place, and it has been the least revanchiste of the Arab "We shall settle the Heights of Golan and the empty areas accomplished in securing social justice for Jewish and Arab of her by Israel's own left, even in the face of the revanchisme regimes, refraining from entering this June's six-day war. Iraq around Jerusalem, and all the empty places in the West Israelis, and peaceful and cooperative relations with the sur- of the Arab regimes and their own unwillingness to help the alone could easily have absorbed all the Arab refugees. Only Bank, east, north, and south, without a single Arab being rounding Arab regimes? There is no clear answer. Arab refugees in any way. the will of the Arab regimes has been lacking, because the moved. And the Arabs will have full rights. If we are to secure As to the military rule in the border areas containing most plight of the refugees served their political purposes. viable borders, this must be done." There is basic agreement in T a TRUE THAT WITH NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS, Israel's foreign Israeli Arabs, that too was condemned and opposed by many Israel over the need for direct negotiations, and a clear view on I HE ONE OVERRIDING FACT Which cannot be understood the Israeli left as to what those negotiations should achieve. policies have been pro-Western and closely identified Israelis, not only of the left, but even within the center with those of the United States. Her government acted parties. And it was finally lifted. One of the important questions until one is there is the extent to which "national in collusion with Britain and France in 1956 against is the extent to which the Arabs would have been more fully survival" is important in tiny Israel. To speak of NI 1965, THE ISRAELI COMMUNIST PARTY split over the Nasser's regime. It sought, though it did not obtain, a mutual integrated into Israeli life had problems of military security T travel between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem and Beersheba, nature of the defense of the Israeli state. The resultant security pact with the United States. It carried out systematic not confronted them so overwhelmingly. is to speak of the distance from Princeton to New York. It new Communist Party is primarily Arab-based and is reprisals against Arab terrorist attacks—many of which Given the limits of Israel's incomparable security situation, means, in other words, that had the Israelis not succeeded in I more pro-Nasser. far exceeded even a generous definition of "defense." During and the fact that there were close to 300,000 unassimilated winning the war in six days, and carrying it to Arab territory, Speaking authoritatively for the original Israeli Communist the Algerian war of independence against France, Israel re- Arabs in Israel, the question was how to deal with them. The they would have been destroyed. This is neither rhetoric Party, Moshe Sneh told me that Soviet policy in the Middle mained silent, and even intimidated left socialists from making position of Mapam was and is that Israelis are Arabs and nor a cliché. East has nothing in common with socialist principles and was private contacts with Algerian guerrilla leaders. Jews. Not that there are Arabs and Israelis. And that the When you stand across the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem road from not even intelligent realpolitik. He pointed out that not only Military control in Israel's border areas subjected her Arab Israeli Arabs should and could be fully incorporated into the Latrun, which was the site of a major Arab-Israel battle in the Israeli Communist Party; but the Roumanian, Dutch and citizens to persistent infringement on their civil liberties body politic. Mapam and its precursors did it, at least in 1948, and you see Latrun (now a Trappist Monastery) up Swedish Parties had the same view, and had refused to attend and freedom of movement, until lifted by Prime Minister practice. Mapam was the only party—aside from the Com- on a hill overlooking the road, you realize that only several the celebrations in Moscow of the 50th anniversary of the Eshkol several months before the June war. Israel's Arabs munists—to have Arabs as full members. And where Mapam hundred yards separated Israeli settlements from Jordanian Bolshevik Revolution, and that the Italian and French Parties generally live under inferior conditions compared to her Jewish has a strong base among the Arabs, as in Nazareth, the rela- troops. It then becomes clear what an Israeli, especially if he were torn by dissension over the issue as well. Cuba continues population, although most Arab Israelis are wage earners. The tionship between Arab Israelis and Jewish Israelis is the kind lives on the border, means when he says that his existence, his to maintain correct diplomatic relations with Israel, despite state's use of eminent domain has been disproportionately the party dreamed about. That dream has not been abandoned life, depended on whether or not he won the war in June, and Soviet pressures and the Communist editorials against Israel directed against Arab citizens. On the question of the Arab despite the situation today. Mapam criticized the Ben-Gurion on whether Israel can now secure more viable borders. in Gramm. refugees, the Israeli government's posture—while in many government for treating the Arabs only as a potential fifth The security problem and the border situation and the "The June war," Sneh said unequivocally, "was a war of ways rational and correct, and far less obdurate than the column, a viewpoint that resulted in the ruling ideology that question of death and life in Israel are inseparable. For those national defense. And we are opposed to the Soviet slogan of position of the Arab regimes—has been constricted by a mili- the only thing the Arabs understand is force. of us who live in a country of vast frontiers, it is an abstraction unconditional withdrawal of Israeli forces from the territories tary definition of reality, and all but summed up by Ben-Gurion's "Some of the Arabs, ruled by hostile governments, were to talk about "territorial acquisition." For the Israelis, main- now under its control as a result of that war. For that would phrase, "not a single refugee." Even with her limited means right on the other side of the order. There was truth in this. We taining their hold on Latrun and the old road between Tel mean a return to the conditions which led to that war. We and absorptive capacity, some refugees might have been re- said that we had to take the risk," Yaakov Chazam, a Mapam Aviv and Jerusalem is vital. They cannot return to the border are also opposed to annexation. There must be direct negotia- settled within Israel's borders. Even the Histadrut, Israel's leader, told me. "If there was a problem of security, then we situation they had before. tions, not merely about territorial matters, but about general central labor organization, did not give Arab workers the full should have strengthened the Army but given full civil liberties As to Arab intentions, Israelis will readily tell you that terms of peace. Only in the framework of such an agreement rights of membership until 1959, under the pressure of the left. to the Arabs in Israel. If you consider Arabs on the border a Azzam Pasha, then secretary general of the Arab League, stated can the frontiers be defined. At the Khartoum Summit, the None of these strictures can be seriously denied—at least security problem, put more troops there! This was a danger- the Arab war aims on May 15, 1948 (as reported by the BBC Arab regimes again stated they would not recognize Israel's by sensible men. In fact, they have been consistently made by ous way, but it was the only just way. Life means to build in that day), quite clearly: "This will be a war of extermination right to exist—and this after the war! Thus, withdrawal would Israelis themselves—some of them of the stature of the late danger. The Arabs either are a bridge of peace or a wall of and a momentous massacre which will be spoken of like the mean renewal of the war." philosopher Martin Huber—especially those on the socialist hate. If they live here as second-class citizens, they will be the Mongolian massacres and the Crusades." They will remind This is virtually the same position held by the government left represented by Mapam. What, however, were Israel's real latter. Of course, the Arabs have received major benefits as you that Ahmed Shukairy, who now claims to be leading a of Israel, though it has played its cards even closer to its options? Had Israel's government not collaborated with citizens of Israel, but always hesitantly and tardily. The proof "war of national liberation," and who directs the so-called chest, waiting for the Arabs to agree to sit down to talk about France and Britain in the 1956 Sinai campaign, how radically that we were right about friendship was shown in this (the Palestine Liberation Organization and talks so glibly of anti- the terms of a general peace treaty in the area. Sneh says that would that have altered the dedication, public and vociferous, six-day] war. The Arabs of Israel did not stand against us, and imperialism, is a reactionary landlord who first headed the Israel should reiterate publicly and forcefully its position that of the Arab regimes to the destruction of the State of Israel? many stood with us." Syrian delegation and then the Saudi Arabian delegation to it had no territorial ambitions before the war, has none The options available to Israel were few, and the left socialists Even if unity were forged in Israel between Arab and Jew, it the U.N. before suddenly donning his new anti-imperialist now, and is willing to negotiate the status of the territories it could suggest no more than greater "wisdom" and restraint must be emphasized that there are two questions—that of clothes. But his aims have not changed since he was a repre- has occupied since the June war. He wants Jerusalem's status and an appeal to "all countries" that they sell arms to Israel. peace with the surrounding Arab regimes and that of social sentative of the Palestine Arab High Committee before the freely negotiated, but believes the city should be united under Had the Israeli government publicly supported or even pri- justice and social equality for Israeli Arabs. The status of the U.N. and stated (as recorded in the Official Records of the the sovereignty of Israel with one municipal authority and vately encouraged ties with the Algerian nationalist movement, Arabs within Israel (and Israel's willingness to bend on the General Assembly, May 15, 1948, p. 650): "The war aims of local autonomy for the Arab sector. its one more or less sure source of major weaponry, the French Arab refugee question) and the Arab regimes' postures toward the Arabs were the elimination of the Jewish State." The "We want self-determination for the Palestinian' Arabs on government would have been alienated. Where could Israel Israel are not demonstrably connected—though left socialists position of the Arab regimes was stated again, after the six-day the West Bank and in Gaza," Sneh told me. "Let there be have turned—to the hostile Soviet Union? believe they are. In the course of my research since the June war, by General Abdul Rahman Arif of Iraq: "The existence elections under international supervision. Let those former war and the re-thinking of my critique of Israel's policies, I have of Israel," he said on June 28, 1967, "is in itself an aggression officials of the Jordanian regime who remained on the West MRAMR CONSEQUENCE OF THE 1948 War-4 war provoked become persuaded that even had the left socialists been in and must therefore be repulsed, and there must be a return to Bank, like El Jabri, mayor of Hebron, or Nuseibeh, former and begun by reactionary comprador Arab regimes— power, and had Israel's Arab citizens been treated with the a normal situation." minister of Defense in the Jordanian cabinet, and others hold was the mass flight of hundreds of thousands of fullest justice, the policies of the Arab regimes would not have In our interview, Ben-Gurion avoided getting entangled in elections and establish a government that can then negotiate from the territory of the newly established changed significantly, nor would their unmitigated and un- a full discussion of his views on how to resolve the problem with Israel as the representatives of the Palestinian Arabs, State of Israel. They were encouraged by the radio propaganda relenting hatred of Israel and commitment to its destruction. of the occupied areas. He did say that the Sinai, which was including those in Gaza. The worst that could happen is that

RAMPARTS 23 22 RAMPARTS El Qantara to Beirut and Damascus might be traded with them they would want to return the land to Jordan. But then

a return to the old frontiers. Free passage for Egypt from

Suez Canal, or they might have a land route through the Negev they would negotiate with Hussein, not us. To the other coun- tries, we propose that as part of a general peace treaty there be

return the West Bank to Jordan—once a peace treaty mutually for our guaranteed passage through the Gulf of Aqaba and the

to Jordan and Iraq. But they negotiate with us." clear its willingness to rescind control of most of the occupied They not only believe that Israel should make unequivocally

territories as part of a peace treaty, but that Israel is ready to

up negotiating the terms of their own surrender, it is imperative agree that the correct principled position must be direct satisfactory to both sides is concluded between them. They that to assure the Arabs that they are not merely going to end

negotiations between the parties concerned ; they also agree reasons, but for reasons of Jerusalem's historical connection

that the Israeli government declare its willingness to return the not believe that sovereignty over old Jerusalem, nor of its

Israel does not try to establish an autonomous republic of environs, can be rescinded again—not only for security with Jewish national identity. West Bank to Jordan if peace is secured. However, they do

Palestinian Arabs on the West Bank, federated with Israel into contacts between Israelis and the Algerian FLN, says that if that "the Arabs now confront a new reality and must face it." a Federation of Palestine (Eretz Israel), she will be forced to

or so, may come around to it. Some are already intimating

cluding government officials, are moving toward this view, and

withdraw by the big powers. He believes that many Israelis, in-

this publicly. "This is," he says, "the first time Arabs and Jews face each other directly. There are no Turks between them. There are no French between them. There are no British of two children between whom there has been a tragic clash." roots in and strong attachments to it. Jerusalem is the mother between them. This land belongs to two nations, both with that there are also Arabs on the West Bank who, within a year

even talk to the Israelis about the possibility of negotiations.

among them men who have focused their entire lives on the

Chazan and Victor Shemtov, another Mapam Knesset most formidable critics of the second-class status of Arabs Arab world, either private or public, which has been willing to member I met, and others I spoke to on or off the record— achievement of Arab-Israeli friendship, men who have been the

within and of the dealings with refugees without, men policy of Israel—want their government to make a declara- Israelis answered that they had been unable to make real tion that it is indeed willing to talk about the status of the

to take, I asked them what secret contacts they had had with

who throughout their lives have been critics of the foreign West Bank. In view of the difficult stand they were willing

in Jordan, on the West Bank, in Egypt, in Algeria? The contact with the Arabs; they said that they were unable to sit down and talk with an Arab leader, even secretly. So been able to discover were the sentiments of their counterparts

Arabs of the left, or independent nationalists; what had they

24 RAMPARTS

The left socialist Zionists represented by Mapam go further.

The simple fact is, as Yaakov Chazan put it in our interview,

Nathan Yalin-Mor, who had tried in the past to establish

Unfortunately, there is not yet one important voice in the

0

incorporate the occupied territories into her polity and econ-

gested by some, would she not be faced with the claim that to rehabilitate the Arab refugees on the West Bank, as is sug- what is Israel to do? If the government of Israel begins to try omy—that she was intransigent, obdurate, annexationist?

she was taking such measures to create a Israelis will view their alternatives as anything but military survived, barring any unforeseen change in the policies of the

and a dampening of political opposition. Moreover, if the

ones. At least so far as foreign policy is concerned, it seems Arab regimes or of the Soviet Union, it is unlikely that the

inevitable that there will be a deadening of political debate needs of military security could serve as a rationale for domestic

policies in the past which many considered unjust and irra- critique of Israel made by the left socialist Zionists was not

credence and will be more easily accepted. tional, such policies will now appear to have even greater

security, the search for alternatives, even dangerous ones, had

wrong. It argued that within the limits of ensuring a nation's British in order to divide them, just as those differences are to go on; that Palestine was the home of two nations, and differences between Arabs and Jews had been exploited by the

line of an "activist defense policy" hardened the intransigence of the Arabs in turn. Whether or not this was true in the past that the Arabs and the Jews had legitimate national aspirations still exploited by the great powers to further their own interests. that need not and should not conflict with each other. The Neither Israel's internal development nor her security can be is less important than whether it shall be true in the future.

Israel's long-run survival is endangered in proportion to her that there were critical points in the past when Israel's "hard"

hand in Israel, of relying merely on a "position of strength" to tied to the policy, which now seems to be gaining the upper United States. The latter has prevailing interests which are deal with her Arab neighbors. Israel cannot indefinitely main- responsibility for an adventurist policy which had to lead to opposed to genuine national liberation in the Middle East. tain military superiority in the area, nor can she rely on the

dependence on the U.S. With all the frustrations faced by her

people in the past, and despite the Soviet Union's immediate

war, Israel's search for alternatives must continue. That search will not continue, however, if we hear only silence from those a Jewish state was realized. who maintain that Arab-Jewish friendship is not only possible developing Middle East of independent Arab states to find a but indispensible to Israel. It is more urgent than ever for those who have a vision of the Jewish state as an integral part of a

way to realize their "impossible" dream, even as the dream of

two-week

and is co-editor, with James Pesos, of the forthcoming

Maurice Zeldin teaches sociology at the University of Wisconsin

America : Reform or Revolution.

If this turns out to be the case, it will be tragic. For the

These views were correct. Many Israelis on the left believe

N THE VERY EVE OF THE WAR,

new Arab military alliance. Now that Israel has

Egyptian blockade of the Gulf of Aqaba and the on the question of how Israel should respond to the

Rastzairrs

assignment In Israel.

He recently returned from a

debate

fait accompli,

Was

still fierce

Latin

to Memoirs of the Revolutionary War by Che Guevara --a

After the great campaign in the Sierra Maestra of Cuba, Ernesto found out later—who had betrayed us. We had let him go the Che Guevara rewrote his rough diary notes into an unofficial and night before—an error we were to repeat several times during fragmentary history, Pasajes de In Guerra Revolucionaria. The our long struggle until we learned that civilians whose personal following are excerpts from that history, published for the first records were unknown to us were not to be trusted while in time in on American magazine. dangerous areas. It was a serious blunder to release that man. By daybreak of the 5th we could barely walk. On the verge of collapse, we would walk a short distance and then beg for Alegria del Pio a long rest period. Orders were given to halt at the edge of a canefield, in a thicket close to the dense woods. Most of us Lauxia on- zio is a place in Oriente province, munici- slept throughout the morning hours. pality of Niquero, near Cabo Cruz. At this very spot, At noon we began to notice unusual signs of activity. Air on December 5, 1956, Batista's forces discovered our Force "Piper" planes as well as other types of small planes,to- Ahiding place. gether with small private aircraft,began to circle our hiding We were exhausted from a long, painful trek ; more painful place. Most of our men went on cutting and eating sugar cane than long, to tell the truth. We had landed on December 2, at without realizing that they were perfectly visible to those flying a place known as the Playa de las Coloradas. We had lost all the planes, which were now circling at slow speed. I was the our equipment, and had trudged for endless hours through troop physician and it was my duty to treat the blistered feet. I marshlands and swamps. We were all wearing new boots and recall my last patient that morning: his name was Humberto by now everyone was suffering from blisters and footsores, but Ltunotte and that was to be his last day on earth. I still re- new footwear and fungus were by no means our only enemies. member how tired and worn out he looked as he walked from We had reached Cuba following a seven-day voyage across the my improvised first aid station to his post, still carrying his Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, without food, plagued shoes in one hand. by seasickness and aboard a far-from-seaworthy vessel. All Comrade Montane and I were leaning against a tree, eating this had left an indelible mark upon our troop, made up of our meager rations—half a sausage and two crackers—when rookies who did not know what the word "combat" meant. a rifle shot broke the stillness. Immediately, a hail of bullets— All that was left of our war equipment was our rifles, car- at least this is the way it looked to us, this being our baptism tridge belts and a few wet rounds of ammunition. Our medical of fire—descended upon our 82-man troop. My rifle was not supplies had disappeared and most of our knapsacks had one of the best; I had deliberately asked for it because I was been left behind in the swamps. We had managed to mitigate in very poor physical condition due to an attack of asthma our hun er and thirst by eating sugar cane, but due to our lack that had bothered me throughout our ocean voyage and I did of experience we had left a trail of cane peelings and bagasse not want to be held responsible for the loss of a good weapon. all over the place. Not that the guards looking for us needed I can hardly remember what followed the initial burst of gun- any trail to follow our steps, for it had been our guide—as we fire. Almeida ran back to take charge of his group. A coin-

Illuatmtion by Milton Glom RAMPARTS 27 expression of anguish and muttered something like "this is

rade dropped a box of ammunition at my feet and when

ammunition, leaving the medicine, and started to cross the

clearing, heading for the canefield. I remember Faustino I reprimanded him for his action he looked at me with an comrade named Arbentosa was walking toward the canefield. a revolutionary soldier. There, at my feet, were a knapsack full of choosing between my devotion to medicine and my duty as

of medicine and a box of ammunition. I couldn't possibly carry no time to bother with ammunition boxes." He continued on his way toward the canefield and disappeared from view.

what I really said is unprintable—and Faustino, still firing and a wound on my neck, and both of them; they were too heavy. I picked up the box of

Perez, kneeling and firing his machine-gun pistol. Near me, a see by the look in his eyes that he considered me as good as dead. A burst of gunfire hit us both. I felt a sharp blow on my chest deep hole made by a 45-caliber bullet, yelled : "They have killed away, looked at me and said : "Oh, it's nothing, Arbentosa, vomiting blood and bleeding profusely from a

me!" and began to fire his rifle at no one in particular. Flat on the ground, I turned to Faustian, saying: "I've been hit !" —

aware that he is bound to freeze to death in the wastes of woods, following an impulse similar. to that of the other

dignified manner. That was the only thing that came to my Alaska, leans calmly against a tree and prepares to die in a

wounded man. Immediately, I began to figure out the beat way to die. I recalled a Jack London story where the hero,

was Camilo's—shouting: "No, nobody surrenders here!" fol- mind at that moment. Someone on his knees said that we had lowed by a four-letter word. Ponce came at a run, breathing better surrender and I heard a voice—later I found out it

who were still unhurt, crawled toward the canefield. For a hard, and showed me a bullet wound (I was sure the bullet

moment I was left alone, just lying there waiting to die. Al- replied coolly "me, too." Then Ponce, and other comrades meida approached, urging me to go on, and despite the

must have pierced his lungs), and said "I'm wounded," and I

comrade Raul Suarez, whose thumb had been blown away intense pain, I dragged myself into the canefield. There I met amid Dantesque as well as grotesque scenes, such as the sight

ately trying to hide behind a single stalk of sugar cane, while of a comrade of considerable by a rifle bullet, being attended by Faustino Perez who was bandaging his hand. Then everything became a blur of air- "Silence!" for no apparent reason. in the middle of this turmoil another man kept on yelling: sure I was going to die. We walked until the darkness made it

exactly what happened ; shouts of "fire!" were heard in the canefield and tongues of rows of cane and reached the safety of the woods. The first

planes flying low and strafing the field, adding to the confusion,

flame and columns of smoke began to rise. I cannot remember

impossible to go on, and decided to lie down and go to sleep all of fire on December 5,1956, on the outskirts of Niquero. It was

the mosquitoes added to our misery. This was our baptism huddled together in a heap. We were starving and thirsty and

the

28

Perhaps this was the first time I was faced with the dilemma

Still on the ground,

With Almeida leading, we crossed the last path among the

beginning of what would later become the Rebel Army.

RAMPARTS

I

I

fired a shot in the direction of the

felt the bitterness of defeat and I was

I

thought for certain I was dead.

avoirdupois

who was desper-

-

but

I

could

existed and was ready to fight. 0

piece of firm land originating at the Sierra juts out between

the Magdalena and La Plata. Fidel gave orders for target outskirts of La Plata. We rebel farmer, but later he was apprehended by Casillas (a troop. Some of the men were using a weapon for the first time. At that time we had 23 weapons in operating condition. practice as an initial attempt at some sort of training for our especially for us by a peasant named Melquiades Elias. This

was essential to us and he seemed to be the prototype of the offer of $10,000 and the rank of lieutenant if he managed to Alegria del Ho, we came to a halt by the Magdalena River. A

kill Fidel. Eutimio came close to fulfilling his bargain but he man had been recommended by our guide Eutimio. Our guide Batista officer) who, instead of killing him, bribed him with an

lacked the courage to do so.

to approach the road leading to the barracks and take a look; no soldiers could be seen anywhere. At three p.m. we decided into custody. One of them had a record as an informer. When we told them who we were and reassured them that no harm by nightfall we crossed the shallow La Plata River and took our would befall them, they gave us some valuable information. positions on the road. Five minutes later we took two farmers

armed with an M-1, opened up with a burst every time we asked moment because we were short of ammunition. The Army post

much stiffer resistance than we had expected. A sergeant,

them to surrender. We were given orders to use our old, our ammunition, leaving us practically defenseless.

had to be taken, for a failure would have meant spending all

see that it was a place for storing coconuts, but the over-all ranches and set it on fire. The glare gave us an opportunity to Brazilian-type hand grenades. Luis Crespo and I threw ours

surrender were being heard. Quickly, we took stock of our with the same negative result. It became necessary to get close but they did not go off; Reel Castro threw a stick of dynamite to the houses and set them on fire even at the risk of our own

effect intimidated the soldiers and they gave up the fight.

soldiers' quarters and after taking care of the wounded—three

lives. Finally, Luis Crespo and I got close to one of the booty: eight Springfields, one Thompson machine gun and

about 1000 rounds; we had fired approximately 500 rounds. In addition, we now had cartridge belts, fuel, knives, clothing and some food. Casualties: two soldiers dead, five wounded.

of them were seriously wounded and we were told later that We took three prisoners.

lieutenant, and died in an airplane accident following the war. they had died—we withdrew. One of the soldiers later joined the forces

On January 14, 1957, shortly after the surprise attack of

That afternoon we climbed the last hill before reaching the

At dawn of the 16th we began watching the Army post, but

The attack began at 2:40 a.m. and the guards put up

We had 22 weapons ready for the attack. It was a crucial

Camilo Cienfuegos was first into the house, where shouts of

Our men had not suffered a single scratch. We set fire to the

UR

small Army garrison at the mouth of La Plata River.

The effect of our victory was electrifying. It was like

a clarion call, proving that the Rebel Army really

under Radl Castro's command, was

Haar vic

Battle of La Plata

-

roaa. was the result of an attack upon a

were

following a trail marked

Illustration by Seymour Chwest

promoted to

a impact upon the enemy and it was instrumental in our victory.

Fidel gave orders that the prisoners be given all the medicines men; they abandoned their own. This difference made a great that of the tyranny's Army. Not only did they kill our wounded

medicine and drugs for our own men. We freed all civilians and at 4:30 of the 17th, we started for Palma Mocha, arriving there to take care of the wounded. I was appalled at this decision T at dawn and continuing on in the most inaccessible zones of the because, as a physician, I felt the need of saving all available

Sierra Maestri!. This was the victorious battle of the Rebel

Armies. It was only in this battle and the one following that

to join in the struggle, and communication with the city bases we had more weapons than men. Peasants were not yet ready

was practically nonexistent.

not have any anti-asthmatic medicine left. The date for the rendezvous with Frank Pais' men, who were to bring additional

beginning to feel the symptoms of an attack of asthma; I did

weapons, was set for March 5, so we still had to wait several Luis Crespo were watching the road, and saw a large troop

another night near a house, among a thicket of coffee trees. reach the hillside and cross to the other side before the troops days. My asthma was so bad I could hardly walk, and we spent

coming from the direction of Las Vegas. We had to move fast to

cut us off. It was not difficult because we had seen them in time. Mortar and machine-gun fire broke out, headed in our direction,

in the vicinity. Everybody made it to the top, but for me it was which proved that Batista's men knew that we were somewhere reached the top of the hill. I remember Crespo's efforts to make me walk. Every time I said I could not go on and asked a terrible experience. I was practically choking by the time I

at me: "You, son-of-a-bitch from Argentina, either you walk

to be left behind, Crespo would revert to our jargon and snap

load, and practically carry me and my heavy knapsack to the

top. All this under a heavy downpour. or I'll hit you with my rifle butt!" Then he would pick up his

put on a great performance, impersonating a "Major Gon-

in his role as Major Gonzalez, and the man, who insisted on zalez" of Batista's Army, in search of rebels. The host was both courteous and cool, but another man, a neighbor, was a real

giving advice to Fidel and kept saying that he could not under-

toady. I was too ill to enjoy fully the dialogues between Fidel, stand why this boy Castro was out there in the woods, fighting. the host who he really was and the man threw his arms around go on any longer. When the chatty neighbor left, Fidel told

him, saying that he belonged to the Orthodox Party, that he

in was a follower of Chit:4s, and that he was ready to help out medicine. Even the man's wife was not supposed to know that

zanillo and establish some contact or, at least, buy some

Our attitude toward the wounded was in open contrast to

30 RAMPARTS

About four p.m. on February 28th, Univers° Sanchez and

We reached a small but at a place called Purgatorio. Fidel

Something had to be done about me; I simply could not

every way.

HE DAYS KRA

farm were, at least for me, the most painful of the

war.

On February 22, I wrote in my diary that I was

It was necessary for the peasant to go to Man-

Bitter Days

-

OWING

our departure from Epifanio's

I would be near the house. Our latest recruit, a man of doubtful

reputation, was assigned as my guard. In a generous gesture, a big show of leaving together, and a few yards away my

companion—whom we called "the teacher"—and I went into Fidel gave me a Johnson rifle, a real jewel. Then we all made

rifle as a crutch, accompanied by a thoroughly frightened man

The next ten days were the most bitter of the struggle in

the Sierra : I was dragging myself from tree to tree, using my

a distance easily covered in one day's march. he was so afraid someone would hear me—but we finally made the woods to hide and wait. it back to Epifanio's house. It had taken us ten days to cover who went practically out of his mind every time I coughed—

refuge in an Embassy, later departed for Costa Rica, and re- O

They came in trucks owned by a rice planter who later became

His name: Hubert Matos.

men led by a lieutenant. This rank had been conferred by the Granma

the new troop looked to us as full of defects as our original turned to Cuba as a hero aboard a plane carrying some arms. so frightened about being implicated in the affair that he took organization in the city, pending ratification. spent in the Sierra had turned us into full-fledged veterans, and machine-gun rifles, a Madzen and a Johnson. The few months

Swiss, was divided into five squads, each composed of ten eating only one meal a day ; if they found the meal unpalatable, to adapt to the new surroundings. The group, led by Jorge was well-disciplined, compact and hardened. Theirs was

get rid of a can of condensed milk than a towel—this is items, and in order to make them lighter, they would rather they refused to eat. Their knapsacks were loaded with useless a point to follow their trail and pick up any food they dis- suffering from the usual ills: they were not accustomed to

carded. Once we settled in our camp there was a tense period practically high treason in guerrilla warfare!—so we made it

quite an authoritarian but lacked the gift of getting along between these men, with their long beards and their makeshift brought about by constant friction between lotus—who was packs, and the new arrivals wearing clean uniforms, carrying stalwart comrades were an impressive sight. What a contrast looking for some group of soldiers to pounce upon. with others—and the troop.

our problems and we held council to decide on future action. badly worn. Nevertheless we now constituted a considerable

well-made packs, and all clean shaven! I made a full report of

and departed due east. Our plan was to cover long distances, we had two machine-gun rifles, even though they were old and force. We held a short, elementary guerrilla training practice,

Our man fulfilled his mission and I got my adrenalin.

The contrast between the two groups was tremendous. Ours Only 30 of the 50-man troop were armed; they had two

The new arrivals added to our troop's efficiency. In addition,

Fidel arrived on the night of March 24. He and his 12

troop: no discipline, lack of decision and inability

UR REINFORCEMENTS were

They arrived the following day, exhausted, saying

15th of March. We waited for hours but no one came. that unexpected events had delayed their departure.

Reinforcement

scheduled to arrive on the

Illustration by Janos McMullin T

stuffs. They also trained the men in packing their knapsacks cooking and how to get the best nourishment out of our food-

tribution of food, medicine and ammunition. There was a and the correct way of walking through the Sierras. It would veteran in most squads, teaching the new men the art of

take an automobile only a few hours to cover the distance between the right hill of El Lomdn and Uvero. To us, it ing out our program of training the men for the coming meant weeks of slow walking, taking every precaution, carry-

awarded, in keeping with the guerrilla law: a canvas hammock sacks. Anyone could make himself a burlap hammock; this

battles as well as for a new life.

hammock. This was a royal gift, which I had not yet been went to those who had already made their own out of burlap

lint made my asthma worse, and I was forced to sleep on the made him a candidate for the next canvas hammock; but the canvas hammock. A real vicious circle: one of the daily events

that were a part of each man's individual tragedy. ground. Not having a burlap hammock, I was not entitled to a

me the precious hammock. I will always remember that this members of our guerrilla force became quite indignant and happened by the banks of La Plata River, the day we ate horse meat for the first time.

looked upon Manuel Fajardo as a murderer. He had worked of a horse called for the hand of a professional. refused to eat their portion of horse meat. Some of them it was the acid test of the capacity of adaptation. Peasant across the river. I feel confident that following the anti-

in a slaughterhouse, and a great event such as the slaughtering

where these notes Were originally published—he will un-

illiteracy campaign, Popa must be able to read and write by

doubtedly recall the night when three murderous-looking guerrilla fighters knocked at his door, mistook him for an

eaten horse, which a few hours later was to become a meal of exquisite taste for some of us and a test for the prejudiced now. If he ever lays his hands on the magazine Verde Olivo-

informer, and added insult to injury by taking his old, moth-

an act of cannibalism by chewing on their old friend. bellies of the peasants, who felt that they were committing

0

in the world. There they were, the instruments of death, on exhibit before the hungry eyes of every fighter: three machine

32

I must mention here that at last I was to get a canvas

The horse meat was not only a luxurious Fidel realized my plight and broke all the rules, awarding

The horse belonged to a peasant named Popa, who lived

The night the arms came, we saw the most beautiful sight

RAMPARTS

HE MONTHS OP MARCH

learned to cook by squads. Our group was by now so the reorganization and training of the rebel troops. We large that the squad system allowed for a better dis-

NE DAY,

Forging the Temper

arrived with the welcome news that arms would

coast was set for the rendezvous.

be delivered within a few days. A sawmill on the

The Arms Arrive

a contact man from Santiago named Andres

and April 1957 were devoted to

piece de resistance;

guns with their tripods, three Madzen machine-gun rifles, nine 54-1 carbines, ten Johnson automatic rifles, and 6000 rounds and they were distributed according to each man's merits of ammunition. The M-1's were allotted 45 rounds apiece, and time spent in the Sierra. One of them went to Ramiro

advance guard. The other four were to cover the tripod machine Valdes, now a major, and two others were given to Camilo's guns. One machine-gun rifle went to Captain Jorge Scads'

of physician. For me, it was the beginning of a new stage. my weapon. Such was my initiation as a direct combatant. I had participated in combat but my steady position was that

was very helpful. He slaughtered a cow for us, near the coast, and we had to go and bring in the pieces. This had to platoon, one to Almeida's and another to the staff; that was

was being organized, which I was to lead since Almeida was be done at night and I sent a group of men led by Israel quite undisciplined and he made the men carry the entire Pardo, and a second group led by Banderas. Banderas was was to remain as a sympathizer. He did improve, although load. It took them all night to bring the meat. A small troop

longer a combatant; that unless he improved his behavior, he through the medium of the Revolution. He had been working hurt. Aware of my responsibility, I told Banderas he was no Santiago. Banderas said he hoped that once the Revolution great ingenuity, and he had come face to face with reality small but with two small pigs and a dog. One day he showed a small parcel of land wrested from the woods, and lived in a he was no model of discipline, but he was an alert man, of

me his sons' photograph; they lived with his ex-wife in good land, not this inhospitable scrap of land practically had succeeded, he could go somewhere to work a piece of

would have been a vanguard fighter in agricultural production. hanging from the Sierra. The man had a passion for agriculture.

of collective work, the use of farm machinery, etc. Banderas understand. He wanted to work the land by himself and for himself. Gradually, he began to understand the advantage

At the Sierra, he improved his reading and writing and he was a new page in history. who knew the value of self-sacrifice when it comes to writing really preparing for the future. He was a wide-awake peasant

and a racist to boot. However, when the Army arrested him his way to Santiago and he wanted a list of the things we were

in need of, so that he could get them for us. He was the typical and tortured him, his main concern when he saw us again foreman, faithful to his boss, with a great scorn for peasants, sions have already been confiscated by the Revolution. I must say he was a man who, at that moment, felt the is still in Cuba; perhaps he followed his bosses, whose posses- to explain that he had refused to talk. I do not know if David

structure of the Revolution is based upon many sincere efforts change; he felt that a change was forthcoming, although he

never imagined the change might reach him and his world. The sacrifices, of unrewarded sacrifices. everyone and turn everyone into a revolutionary. The Revo- made by humble men; our mission is to bring out the best in

well, of Banderas who did not live to see the dawn, of blind

lution is made up of Davids who did not understand too

A man named David, a foreman for one of the landowners,

I told him about the cooperative, but he was unable to

I held a long interview with David, the foreman. He was on

We who are able to witness the Revolution's accomplish-

Illustration by Tim Lewis

need

of a

was

I

. • I

so necessary, and there was a little freedom to carry on conver-

allowed to visit the nearby villages and establish closer ties sations at night while resting in our hammocks. We were

Chibas lived under the shadow of his brother's reputation— Sierra. There was a true free territory ; safety measures were not

of his brother's virtues. He was neither expressive nor intelli- with the peasants. We were moved by the hearty welcome given by our comrades. ments must remember those who fell by the roadside, and the moment, although they were complete opposites. Rant

and he wanted to leave the Sierra at once. do our utmost to decrease the number of laggards. gent. Only his absolute mediocrity allowed him to be the for Eddie Chibas was the symbol of an era—but he had none

principal figure of the Orthodox Party. He spoke very little

set the basis for a declaration of principles. This was a difficult his efforts to turn out a really militant document that would

task when faced by these two "stone age" brains immune to the call of the people's struggle.

of a great civic revolutionary front comprising all opposition

parties, all civic institutions and all revolutionary forces."

request nor accept intervention by any other country in the

appointment of "a figure designated to preside over the pro- civic revolutionary front in a common front of struggle"; the

internal affairs of Cuba; it "did not accept any military junta visional government"; the statement that the front did neither

as a provisional government of the Republic"; the determina-

tion to separate the Army from politics and insure the safety

elections to be held within one year's time. of the armed forces against political intrigue and influence;

and all rights, individual or political, to be guaranteed by the

included the freedom of all political prisoners, civilian and

Constitution; appointment of interim mayors in all munici-

military ; absolute guarantee of freedom of the press and radio,

institutions; suppression of embezzlement in all forms, and palities, following consultation with the district's civic

establishment of measures aimed at increasing efficiency of all state organizations; establishment of the administrative

career; democratization of trade union politics, promoting

rights and duties to society and the country; "to establish the

public education on civic affairs, pointing out the citizens'

free elections in all trade unions and industrial workers' federa-

tions; beginning of an intense anti-illiteracy campaign and

lands, giving ownership to all sharecroppers, tenants and

bases for an Agrarian Reform aimed at distribution of untitled

squatters having small lots of land, either private or state- owned, provided the farmer owners are compensated"; estab-

lishment of a foreign policy safeguarding our currency's

34 RAMPARTS

Felipe Paws and Raid Chibas were the "prima donnas" of

Fundamentally, the manifesto reiterated "the establishment

We did not have much time to talk, but Fidel told me about

Several proposals were submitted : "the establishment of a

The program to be observed by the provisional government

T WAS A PLEASURE to

men, well-disciplined, with increased morale, and armed change I mentioned before was now quite evident in the

with good weapons, some of them new. The qualitative

Treason in the Making

look

at OUT

troop. Close to 200

stability and aimed at investing the country's credit in pro-

create additional employment opportunities. ductive works; to expedite the process of industrialization and

united under a slogan of freedom; to support the person who, "First: the need to appoint, from this moment, the person

Republic, to prove to the entire world that Cubans can become

preside over the Republic." Felipe Pazos, one of the co-signers,

such a slogan. There are many able men in Cuba who can

who will preside over the Provisional Government of the for his impartiality, capabilities and honesty, can personify

civic non-political institutions, whose support would safeguard felt quite confident that there was only one man for the Sierra for any discussions. We can have representatives in clean, impartial elections." presidency : himself. Havana, Mexico or wherever it becomes necessary." the President from any political commitments, thus insuring

Diario de Is Marina might agree with. Worse, there was the Agrarian Reform, but it was very difficult to crash through the wall of the two "stone age" characters; "to establish the untitled lands," was the kind of policy that the newspaper bases for an Agrarian Reform aimed at the distribution of ments, as originally stated. We must emphasize that the enemy

part reading: "provided the farmer owners are compensated."

broke the pact expressed in the manifesto when they refused

attempt to shackle the future revolutionary government.

necessary; at the time, it was progressive. It could never last to acknowledge the authority of the Sierra and made an

beyond any moment that would represent an obstacle for the

the enemy helped us break the uncomfortable bonds and

development of the revolutionary movement. In this matter, gave us the opportunity to show the people what their real our own efforts, but we had to recognize that it was impossible intentions were.

and above all, to maintain imperialist domination of Cuba

through the importing bourgeoisie, closely linked with of time, we would have to depend upon a whole series of

to impose our will from the Sierra Maestro; for a long period

the people's great trust in Fidel for Machiavellian maneuvers, "friends" who were trying to use our military strength and

meant that Fidel and only Fidel knew how. The other two Government propaganda about the situation in the Sierra

Maestro and it clearly stated: "Let no one be deceived by the U.S. owners. Maestro. The Sierra Maestro is an indestructible bulwark of

confidence of our people." The words "we will know how"

in the Sierra, even as spectators. They left the Sierra im- men managed to get to the United States. were incapable of following the development of the struggle

freedom. It is part of the hearts of our people and it is here

that we will know how to do justice to the faith and the

mediately. Chibis was arrested and beaten by the police. Both

In addition, there were two points of special emphasis:

Fidel had pressed for more explicit statements regarding the "Second: that this person be appointed by an ensemble of

The document also stated: "It is not necessary to come to the

The Revolution did not comply with some of the commit-

We were not satisfied with the commitment, but it was

We were aware that this was a minimal program, limiting

The manifesto had its positive sides: it mentioned the Sierra

It was a well-planned coup: a group of representatives of

t

A

leaving; that the time had come for him to do his duty.

old friends, but the old mutual confidence no longer existed. regularly. Gradually, we fared a little better, until the adven- effort to convince them that the little child in the print really

had seen him hard at work, studying one of his country's native languages. One day, he came to me and said he was our profession for several months and managed to eat quite looked beautiful and that the price of one Mexican peso for make a living amidst indifferent, if not hostile, surroundings.

On a few occasions, I suspected what El Patojo was after: I our miserable photos and struggling with our customers in an running away from Guatemala following Arbenz' overthrow. Mexico City, walking from one end to the other, delivering purchased a camera and we became clandestine photographers, tures of a revolutionary life separated us. much younger than I, but we soon became close friends. To- moments of hopeful dreaming, is always painful. Julio Roberto such a work of art was a tremendous bargain. We practiced printed our photographs. We became thoroughly familiar with means "little one" or "child." the same problems. We were poor and beaten, and we had to

Mexican who owned the laboratory where we developed and felt that it was his duty to return to his country and fight, comrade during difficult moments as well as during many taking pictures of people visiting parks, etc. Our partner was a is a frequent accident. But the death of a friend, who was our gether, we made the trip from Chiapas to Mexico City, facing

Our destination was Tapachula; then Mexico City. He was enemy Army in the battlefield—must go on. was a great friend. He was small and rather weak, physically, so class struggle shaking the entire continent, we find that death we nicknamed him "El Patojo," which in Guatemalan slang Sierra, but the enemy had to change its strategy and look for come of the Miami pact became known, Fidel's fiery reply ment of the treacherous move. Months later, when the out- a new trap: the Caracas pact.

"in defense of freedom," signed a joint declaration with the paralyzed the enemy. We were accused of being "divisionists" had full confidence in the guerrilla Army, averted the develop- in the hands of the people. Quick action by our chief, who newspapers. To us, the declaration was simply a short rest

guerrilla chief isolated in the wilds of the Sierra, and returned overlooked one most important point. Political coups always period on our march forward. Our main task—to defeat the the most distinguished Cuban oligarchy arrived at the Sierra

depend on the opponents' strength—in this case, the weapons trying to impose our will from the remote regions of the with full freedom to play their trump card in Miami. But they

In Cuba, El Patojo and I shared the same house as becomes

El Patojo had no knowledge of military training. He simply El Patojo was completely broke and I had only a few pesos. I

The first time I saw El Patojo was aboard a train. We were

Our manifesto, dated July 12, 1957, was published in the

F

.

EW DAYS AGO,

Roberto Caceres Valle.

the deaths of several patriots, among them Julio

In our profession as revolutionaries amidst the

"El Patojo"

the news from Guatemala included

a book of Che Guevara's works to be published by Macmillan in

These selections from his memoirs of revolutionary war are from new society.

where people struggle and work in the construction of the Later, when freedom comes to Guatemala, his beloved name

must appear on a school, a factory or a hospital, anywhere allow the sun to warm it on the dawn of a new day that will love to the Revolution, to the motherland and to a woman. School of Statistics named "Julio Roberto Caceres Valle" at lover's hand, and the loving hands of an entire people, to shine for Guatemala and all America. Today, there is a small

adopt the firm resolution not to repeat mistakes, and to March 1968, edited by John Gerassi. El Patojo met and loved, here in Cuba. avenge the death of every one of them by winning battles and They are a revolutionary's last verses. They are also a song of the Ministry of Industry, where El Patojo left numerous friends. characteristics of a command directed to the woman whom

as well as valuable experience of our beloved dead, let us continue to sharpen our machetes. Based on the unfortunate in the struggle for liberty. Another battle had been lost. Let his death. As always in these cases, we hoped that there had attaining liberation. us take time off to cry over the fallen comrades while we brought me some verses he had written in a plain notebook. it was true: his own mother had identified the body. Others, rounded. It was a synthesis of our guerrilla experience; been some mistake, perhaps a mix-up on names. Unfortunately, considered impossible, and now he was convinced that it

too, had been killed : a group of his comrades, perhaps as in- telligent and as self-sacrificing as El Patojo, but unknown to us. a roof over your head, never sleep in a house that can be sur- tions; he mentioned no one. He had no personal belongings setting up camp in a safe spot, and above all, never sleep with men. Do not trust anything or anybody until a zone is com- to be concerned with. However, common friends in Mexico

limited my recommendations to three points: constant pletely liberated. Vigilance: constant guard and scouting, mobility, constant mistrust and constant vigilance. Mobility: do it? By what right? We had tried something when it was the only thing I could give my friend. Could I tell him not to never trust friendly peasants, informers, guides or contact

was possible. fare. We had a long conversation, a rare thing at the time. I

never stay in the some place, never stay more than two nights weapon in hand, in an attempt to imitate our guerrilla war- Mistrust: at the beginning, do not trust your own shadow, in the same spot, never stop moving from one place to another.

El Patojo's heart has remained with us, waiting for the

The final recommendation in these verses must have the

At the time of his departure, El Pajoto made no recommenda-

Once again, young blood had been spilled on American soil,

El Patojo departed, and a short time later we heard about

and let the sun's rays warm it . . .

open your hand hold it in your hand

and at daybreak, Take it, it is only a heart

RAMPARTS 35 T

slightly greater than the entire gross national product of Israel. interests . . . the Middle East is to be differentiated from

Southeast Asia. The Middle East is the crossroads of the hands of its own nation states. The underlying reality is gen- "Israeli rigidity" is responsible for the recurrent Mideast wars presume that the politics of that area are completely in the marginal power factor for the U.S. The Persian Gulf produces Soviet Union and the United States. As the British and French

reserves of 60 per cent. American firms have a gross investment in the region of more than $2.5 billion. There is nothing erally ignored by Arab and Israeli partisans alike. The New

emerging Third World: it is, through the Suez Canal, the trade the Middle East crisis shapes up as a confrontation of the world, between Asia and Europe. In its Great Power aspect,

crossroads between Asia and Europe. It is also an important 27 per cent of the world's petroleum and has proved global Southeast Asia peninsula." were gradually forced out of the area following World War II, York Times is much more to the point in its candid editorial,

comparable in American interests that can be said of the although its magnetism could certainly be considered sub- written on the eve of the six-day war: "In terms of American

strategic importance to this country, whereas, until the escala- by Robert Scheer the U.S. took their place. The region is now of paramount cultural bridge between Africa and Asia—and the center of tion of the Vietnamese war, Southeast Asia was only a

of power of the more concrete prim of oil. the Islam world. for control of the Mideast, but they do not offer the clear test stantial. In geopolitical terms, the Mideast is a key to the

Inflammatory discussions over whether "Arab madness" or

These factors are unquestionably significant in the drive

Oil is not the only lure drawing the West to the Middle East,

which has extensive holdings in the Middle East, are

HE REALTIES OF POWER gross annual profit of Standard Oil of New Jersey,

gauges. It is interesting to note, for example, that the

Oil & The Arabs

sometimes have arbitrary

[THE NASSER THESIS: PART II]

T

in their Mideastern operations—from the sales of crude oil

interest in the oil concessions in the four major oil-producing

profit rates are among the highest of any industry in the alone. American companies hold slightly less than half

cent of the profit that Aramco gives Saudi Arabia costs the company relatively little: through a complicated system of Company) had the highest profit margin of any U.S. corpora- states of the Mideast: Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran.

presently rely heavily on Mideastern oil: for example, 65 per pays Saudi Arabia is offset by savings on its U.S. tax bill. Be- Mideast countries is generous. Aramco's case, however, which Arabia's American-owned Aramco (Arabian-American Oil world. The Wall Street Journal recently estimated that Saudi profits from marketing and refining the oil. is typical, shows that such generosity is painless. The 50 per tion in 1966: 37 per cent—as compared to the national indus- expanding Third World market. The Mideast now provides cent of Europe's oil is imported from Arab soil; Japan draws Western oil companies• earned around S2.5 billion after taxes trial average of less than ten per cent. In 1966, the eight major sides, the Arabs' 50 per cent is calculated on profits from the sale of crude oil only, and does not include the extensive Petrols, Standard Oil of Socony-Mobil and Gulf. tax credits and allowances, about 96 per cent of what Aramco sharing" scheme negotiated over the last 15 years with the

60 per cent of its oil from the Mideast; and there is also the Mideast oil lake to the oil consumers of the world. Many areas

• It would be difficult to overestimate the importance of the

The American oil companies argue that the "50-50 profit

British Petroleum Co., Royal Dutch Shell, Compagnie Francais° des

efforts on books and studies which try to prove that

the oil business is somehow no longer terribly profit-

able. The fact is, however, that the oil companies' HE AMERICAN OIL COMPANIES

[OIL—WHO NEEDS IT?'

New

Jersey, Standard Oil of California, Texaco,

have expended great

RAMPARTS 37 27 per cent of all the oil used in the world, but it contains over [IRAN: A CASE IN POINT] chastening by withholding grants, the more leftist tendencies as have expected the Russians to move the Arab Revolution to 60 per cent of the world's resources, and this figure is certain they appeared in Egypt and the other Arab regimes. Intensive seriously challenge the conditions which thwarted it. In fast, to increase in the future. Such statistics argue that the signif- N MAY 1, 1951, IRANIAN PRIME MINISTER Mossadegh CIA operations even involved funding the American Friends the Russian policy, though generous, aimed at less idealistic icance of this resource transcends the profits that are raked nationalized his country's oil production. The U.S. of the Middle East—a pro-Arab organization in the U.S.- goals. The Soviets had been quite hostile to Nasser's regime in. Oil is indispensible to industrial and military potential, and proceeded to crush him so totally that the example as well as widespread meddling in internal Arab politics. until 1955, and considered it a step backward from the it is no wonder that continued control of this resource is a 0has served as a chilling model for other would-be The Arab Revolutions in Egypt and occasionally Syria could earlier Wafd government. The change towards Nasser occurred major focus of the Western powers. nationalists—no major oil-producing country in the Mideast be tolerated by the United States since, while quite effectual in after a critical shift in Soviet policy to a free-swinging effort If control of Mideast oil is important to the West, it is ab- has dared to repeat Mossadegh's attempt. The major Western many internal and external matters, they had not come close to to win as many friends among the nonaligned, popular solutely critical to the Arabs. Their oil is the only native producers were able to impose, through their control of the revolutionizing or even seriously inconveniencing Western nationalist leaders of the Third World as possible, before the resource which can bring in the hard cash needed to break out refining and marketing end of the oil business, a total boycott hegemony. Also, in 1955, the new factor of Soviet support U.S. corralled them in the Free World stables. More isolated of the cycle of underdevelopment and poverty in which their of Iranian oil in the Western market. Iranian oil became, made direct intervention a riskier enterprise, to be attempted than the Americans, the Soviets were less hostile to non- countries are trapped. Compared to the potential revenues simply, worthless. only when vital interests were actually encroached upon. U.S. alignment, since it meant, in most cases, a movement left. from the sale of Arab oil, U.S. attempts at economic aid are a Mossadegh didn't have a chance. After two years of eco- policymakers were also very concerned that the cost of any The fact that the major physical confrontations in the Mid- joke. In 1964, the Western oil companies cleared $1.3 billion nomic strangulation, the CIA—in one of its better-documented direct intervention might be an anti-Western Arab union which east were more directly with Israel than with the Western in profits from the sale of Arab crude oil: more in one year adventures—arranged a coup. The American oil companies could topple America's right-wing Arab allies. Thus the Nasser- powers did not dampen Soviet enthusiasm. Indeed, the Rus- than the total amount of U.S. economic aid to all Arab benefitted handsomely. The new Iranian government gra- U.S. relationship has involved an implicit notion of limits. sians were so pleased by the emergence of anti-Western foreign countries since the Second World War ($0.9 billion). ciously accepted a new four-company consortium, in which Nasser has always steered clear of any major direct confronta- policy in what had previously been safe territory for the U.S., Not only are huge profits taken out of the area, but the Americans held a 40 per cent interest, in place of the former tion with the U.S.; in return, the U.S. has never really that Russian military and economic aid to Egypt began to flow profits which remain go to the wrong places. Saudi Arabia, exclusive British control. Over the next three years, the United attempted to clamp down on him as it did with Castro. unstintingly and uncritically. In this new pragmatic mood, Kuwait, Libya and Iraq produce 90 per cent of the Arab States government reciprocated by pumping in $120 million The Arab revolutionary impulse, thus restricted from its which seemed to ape American largesse, the Soviets extended world's oil—yet those countries contain only 12 per cent of in aid, which helped create an elaborate internal military essential task of challenging the West for the control of Arab similar lines of credit to Algeria and Syria—while in all three the total Arab population. Economic progress for the bulk apparatus. A then naive Hubert Humphrey exclaimed, "that resources, instead found its outlet by challenging Israel as a countries the local communists were jailed and the radical of the Arab population thus depends on integrating the oil- Army isn't going to fight the Russians. It's planning to fight Western tool. One could attack "Israeli imperialism" without slogans remained to a large extent on paper only. The Soviets rich lands with the potential mass Arab work force. the Iranian people." threatening real imperialist interests and risking their responses. asked only for "nonalignment," which in the Mideast context Why do the American companies get so much money for The finale to this awesome display of American efficiency Moreover, hostility to Israel provided a kind of anti-imperial- meant a friendlier—or even a less hostile—attitude toward selling other people's oil? One should not suppose that the was Iran's support of the Baghdad Pact. The New York Times ism that was able to appeal to both progressive leftists and their position in the Cold War. profits are simply fair payment for the technical skill and editorialized that the addition of Iran "... puts the cork in the traditional monarchies in the Arab world. Their unity could It defines the distance between the current Soviet leaders and advanced equipment they bring to the production of oil in the bottle, and permits concerted defense planning from the not be achieved in an attack on U.S. imperialism, since several Russia's own revolution to observe that the Soviets came to area. If the Arabs hired these skills and equipment on the open Mediterranean to the Bay of Bengal, in order to safeguard the of the regimes involved were its committed representatives. accept the adventurism of the Syrians, the dependence on the market, they could get them at a fraction of the cost they pay independence of the whole area and protect its vast oil re- There could be unity against Israel because, even if the cause corrupt bureaucracy basic to Nasser's regime, and the ob- to the oil companies as perennial profits. After all, the total sources." were expressed in other terms, the real basis was in questions session of both with Israel, simply as defective aberrations in Western capital investment in the Mideast oil operations is 85 The connection, in the rationale of the pact, between the of borders and race, historical grievances and especially the an otherwise sound move left. The Soviets did not choose to billion, which is roughly equivalent to two years of total area's independence and the West's control of its prime re- plight of the refugees. The unity was forceful because these confront the implications of the fact that these were not revenue from the oil. In an open market, the Arabs should be source, neatly tied America's crusade for freedom to the well- grievances—if not central to the problem of social revolution— aberrations, but alternative responses to the absence of pop- able to buy out the Western investment in two years. As for being of her companies abroad. were to a significant degree genuine. ular revolution. If Arab identification of Israel with Western imperialism The social changes in both Syria and Egypt have been technicians, if oil companies can hire them, there is no reason, [THE NASSER THREAT] in principle, why the Arabs should not be able to. confused and misdirected the Arab Revolution, various significant, but they have also been inadequate; they have The problem is simply that there is no open market. The HE BAGHDAD PACT was an integral part of a global actions of the Israelis reinforced this confusion. In 1956, Israel destroyed the power of the traditional upper class without, in market is controlled by the same companies that produce containment policy which was put into effect by the did join with the British and French attempt to reestablish by any significant sense, passing power on to that very broad base the oil. The statistics are astonishing: the eight major Western United States in the early 1950s. This pact occasioned force Western control over the Suez Canal, after Nasser, in an of the Arab pyramid. In both countries important reforms did companies operating in the Mideast not only produce 80 per TNasser's first challenge to the West, since he refused to important and necessary step, nationalized it. And Israel did occur. But these were the results of military coups d'etat which, cent of its crude oil, but also do 71 per cent of the refining and align himself formally with it. The resurgence of Arab support the French in the Algerian War. The various arguments in a quite accidental process, placed men in power who were control 90 per cent of the marketing. nationalism identified with Nasser's rise to power in the mid- about and justifications for these episodes were discussed in willing—for a host of often personal, frequently contradictory Thus, these companies are in a position to force the oil '50s was threatening to the West in two other ways. First, there detail in the first installment of this essay [RAMPARTS, Novem- and politically vague reasons—to introduce reforms. Never- countries to do business with them—and on outrageous terms. was a good deal of talk about nationalization being neces- ber 1967]. To almost every Arab the message had seemed clear: theless, although such leaders undoubtedly react in part to The game is rigged. And the Western commitment to keep it sary to Arab progress. The nationalization of the Suez Canal Israel had aligned herself with the exploiters. The Arab "line" the pent-up forces for change in the society, it is still govern- that way is profound. This is not simply because of a hunger was alarming in itself, but more frightening in its implica- that Israel represented the Western imperial presence in the ment by fiat. The failure here is not a simple question of civil for profits on the part of the U.S., to whom the defense of tions. Most disturbing about Nasser was his clear ambition area had a new fury as a result of Suez, and Arab tendencies liberties; the experience in the underdeveloped countries has these interests ultimately falls. The driving U.S. fear is not, for to spread his version of the Arab Revolution to the other toward accommodation became politically untenable. been that when the change comes from above rather than countries—Nasser was consciously and arrogantly expansionist. through struggle from below, it does not cut deep enough. example, competition from other "Free World" powers. But [RUSSIA'S OPEN ARMS POLICY] the "Arabization" of oil, in the context of increasing Soviet Second,"Nasserism" shared with the rival Baathist movement, The Soviet press contained articles critical of internal devel- influence, is considered a vital threat, since it holds out the as well as with other less prominent Arab left movements, the HE IRANIAN EXPERIENCE HAD WARNED those Mideastern opments in the Arab countries, but such criticisms were not possibility of removing control from the "Free World" sphere. position that the oil in the underpopulated and/or tiny leaders bent in any sense on challenging the West that considered when providing aid, which was virtually unending. The West had no difficulty maintaining its control in the oil-producing countries most be the basis of the development they had best not do it alone. The ironic impact of The whole Russian operation was characterized by a mind- Mideast for the first decade after the Second World War, al- of the entire region. In its simplified form, the heresy held Tthe U.S. Mideast intervention was to make Arab lessness that catered to the mood of the Arabs—a mood not though the Soviet Union did briefly attempt, just after the that Western exploitation of Kuwait's oil, for example, was nations welcome a countervailing power. Given the Cold War, at all concerned with the content of the action but only with war, to retain its occupation in Iran, the only large non-Arabic exploitation of Arab oil. this could only mean the Soviet Union, and Nasser and others the dominance of anti-Western rhetoric. The indigenous Com- oil producer in the Middle East. But the balance of power at The United States' response to this fledgling challenge was began to project nonalignment as an alternative to the Baghdad munist Parties had failed miserably over the decades to leave that time, and Stalin's preoccupation with Eastern Europe, essentially cautious and manipulative. Principally, the U.S. Pact, and as a necessary ingredient in the Arab Revolution. their mark on the Middle East. The Russians now seemed to forced a Russian departure. Nevertheless, it was Iran that first relied on propping up the economy and military machines of The new Soviet presence in the Mideast began in 1955, after feel that perhaps the Mideast was idiosyncratic and could challenged the Western hegemony. the monarchies, while alternately mollifying through grants, or the Bandung Conference on nonaligned nations. One might only support a more bizarre politics.

39 RAMPARTS RAMPARTS 39 In contrast to the Russia of 1917 or the China of 1949, Egypt

sources : the conditions of 'primitive accumulation' to provide did not have plenty of unused land or considerable natural re-

areas, to the population base as a future work force. Yet, all of the region, which were concentrated in the underpopulated the basis for a policy of speedy industrialization did not exist."

Baath in Syria, the various progressives of Iraq, and the been bravely called the Arab Revolution—Nasser's Egypt, the isolated sects of Palestine radicals roaming through Kuwait

the bold initiatives and at times frantic rhetoric of what has

jeopardized during the periodic flare-ups of the Israel issue, as and the West Bank—have in no sense significantly challenged in 1957 or the most recent boycott—but never through an

the supremacy of Western control of the region's oil. assertion of Arab sovereignty over their resource. The identifi-

monarchies—as the serious extension of imperialism has al- lowed Arab progressives to play at revolution, through periodic

cation of Israel—rather than the oil companies and their

anti-Israel tirades, without taking essential revolutionary action. If Israeli actions have served at times to reinforce this

more rational.

Passes through pipelines across Syria. After a series of wild confusion, that does not make the Arab misdirection any by the actions of the Syrian government—presumably the

most radical in the Middle East—which last spring attempted

manifestos, the Syrians settled down to still another compro- I mise which left Western power over oil intact. It was almost

to challenge the companies that control the Iraqi oil which at the very instant of this setback, in an almost Freudian

against Israeli imperialism which was to lead to the six-day war.

transference, that the Syrians waged the frantic campaign

Israel—combined with Soviet indulgence and irresponsibility.

authoritative Soviet account of the governing Baath Party sided with Egypt against Damascus. As late as 1965, an

centralized, and unable to cooperate sincerely with anyone...."

stated: "The Baath Party bears the character of an exclusive, conspiratorial organization like a medieval order, rigidly

Cold War, despite the fact that the Baath remained a composite reshuffled Baath government to line up on Russia's side of the decisive factor in the Soviet change was the willingness of a

ating in isolation from the peasantry. The struggles which of middle-class politicians backed by the military and oper-

took place in Syria as well as in Egypt were factional rather

than between broad social classes. It marks the essential failure

40 RAMPARTS The only possible solution lay in wedding the oil resources

It is ironic that the flow of oil to the West has only been

A most recent illustration of this phenomenon is afforded

After Syria broke with Egypt and quit the UAR, the Soviets

Yet the Soviets were supporting Damascus in 1967. The

[THE USSR AND SYRIAN "ADVENTURISM"]

Al Fatah attacks and wild radio propaganda against

T IS IMPOSSIBLE TO UNDERSTAND

of the way Syrian adventurism—with its support of the that produced the six-day war without an appreciation

[REVOLUTION: WHO NEEDS IT?]

RE AID BY THE SOVIET UNION

Laqueur wrote : "It is doubtful whether any re- dismal objective conditions of the area. As Walter

gime could have succeeded in these conditions....

the build

could not alter the

-

up of tensions

ported the Syrians because they were now "theirs," much as of Soviet Mideast policy in the period before the six-day war

that all this was known but overlooked. The Russians sup-

matter Ky, because they were "ours." Americans rationalized supporting SyngmanRhee,and,for that

until the disaster of the six-day war. Perhaps, in the Great Soviets; but they did not fully understand its implications on the whim of the Syrian military, was perhaps known to the

it was clearly Russia who was manipulated. Power tradition, they had been confident of their ability to

manipulate the situation, but in the months before the war T

the United Nations Emergency Force from Gaza and Aqaba, but did not mention the crucial change in the status of the

Gulf of Aqaba;which, after U.N. withdrawal, came under the

control of the UAR. Thus, the Soviets, at least publicly, did

not recognize that with the UAR controlling the Gulf, Israeli

shipping would not be allowed to pass through the Straits. attack, comment in the Soviet press during the last week in Though this blockade led predictably to the Israelis! June 6th May maintained that the entire withdrawal incident had been

blown up all out of proportion. The failure of the Soviet that it had lost control of events by the third week in May, and in his Cairo University speech of June 9, 1967, related that the government to make a public issue of the incident may indicate

was unsure as to what to do or what would come next. Nasser, should not be the first to begin firing. Israel question, to offset Syrian adventurism. The Russian Soviet ambassador had asked to see him at 3:30 one morning

ians, who had acted more conservatively than Syria on the

to inform him of the Soviets' "urgent plea" that the UAR the Arabs closer to them, without the outbreak of full-scale policy was aimed at increasing pressure on the West, tying

unwilling to engage in a showdown with the U.S.; this has led war. Since the Cuban missile crisis, the Soviets have been

but not to the actual point of showdown. Yet in the Mideast,

massing on her borders, and because they pressured the them to risk bringing international tensions dangerously close control. The blockade of Aqaba came about largely because the Soviets helped create a situation they could no longer Egyptians to come to Syria's aid. the Soviets had supported Syria's claim that Israeli troops were

but once this took place, the Soviets were clearly unprepared if U.N. troops were withdrawn from the Aqaba area (there is to assess its implications. They apparently did not realize that

the Soviets on the demand for withdrawal of the U.N. troops, Sinai and Gaza), the logic of Egypt's anti-Israel position some evidence that Nasser meant only the troops from Upper

anticipate that Israel would go to war over Aqaba, or the

massing of Egyptian troops in the Sinai. The Soviets con- would lead to the blockade of Israeli shipping. Nor did they

intensity of the Arab-Israeli conflict. But it should be added

tinuously underestimated the emotional depth and political

The essential instability of the Syrian "left," reliant as it was

The Soviets had apparently counted heavily on the Egypt-

It is not yet known whether the Egyptians consulted with

HAT

two major events which precipitated the crisis. The

surmised from the fact that it did not anticipate the Soviet press, for example, reported the withdrawal of

[THE USSR AND THE SIX-DAY WAR]

me soviet

UNION

did not expect the war can be

might more readily intervene. that the Soviets were more willing to support an Arab con- frontation with Israel—they knew the U.S. would hesitate an Egyptian attack on Saudi Arabia, in which case America Western Arab regimes—than they would have been to support to become directly involved for fear of endangering the pro-

and Soviet military aid to Arab nations have been going in not having made a throughgoing social revolution. But, more opposite directions. The Soviet press had criticized the UAR importantly, the Soviet government immediately began to officers corps for "inwardly not accepting the Egyptian Revo- rearm Egypt and Syria, specifying only that their arms should

lution," thus echoing a long-standing criticism of the UAR for

openly critical of the continued tendency on the Arab left to unchanged, the Soviets seem to have become much more be better used. While their arms and aid policies have remained

which, for the first time in recent years, endorsed the view that : demand a military solution of the conflict with Israel. "A more judicious path would be to search for a peaceful quoted with approval a recent Italian communist statement

settlement of the conflict, taking into account that in Israel,

Once again, Soviet policy is characterized by a pursuit of too, there are left forces...." Nevertheless, the massive flow of

Soviet arms continues, unaffected by such intellectual concerns. national interest which marks American foreign policy. T "allies" in the Cold War, with the same concern for their own [WILL THE REAL IMPERIALISTS PLEASE STAND UP]

contrary, preoccupied with their own "prestige" and security needs, the Great Powers can only be a source of interference. alienate them both from the Great Powers outside. This The issues which currently divide Arab from Jew are not as assertion, of course, runs directly counter to the basic assump- basic to their well-being as the interests they share which

tion of outsiders—the problems of the Middle East will not enemies, and that Great Power aid is essential to their survival.

tion of both Arabs and Israelis that they are each other's worst easily be solved. The wounds are deep, and they have been private citizens of the Arab countries and Israel to be in the opened and reopened so many times that scar tissue has Israelis, "Nasserist imperialism." Ironically, the Arab left and

agreements, terrorist raids, veiled purposes, imperialism same room without the interminable chant rising about broken permanently replaced the original skin. It is difficult for even and aggression. perialism. To the Arabs it is "Zionist imperialism" and to the

the Israelis both claim that the American oil companies

that Western economic interests bear only a minor connection credibly, Eban replied : "I don't see this as imperialism. The to the problem of imperialism in the Mideast. When I inter- oil companies made their investment and they are taking support the other side's "imperialism." But both sides imply viewed Abbe Eban I asked him about the oil companies. In-

Since the war, the Soviet intellectual analysis of Arab defeat

The New Times (the official weekly journal of the USSR)

Under the best of circumstances—given the fullest coopera-

Each side identifies the opposition with the notion of im-

Arabs and Jews who live in the Mideast. On the

HE

consistent basis, with the interests and needs of the

CENTRAL THESIS

cannot be expected to be concerned,

of this essay is that the Great

cerned, on any

in Yemen, where Egyptian-backed nationalists faced forces

King Faisal must have made Israel seem to Nasser like a much who the imperialists really are. In 1965, the endemic conflict construction of military facilities, effective May 24th, to run effective by the realities of Great Power accommodation. The their profits." cated $27.6 million for Israel in the years between 1950-67,, point the U.S. signed an agreement with Saudi Arabia for the American Zionists, the U.S. military assistance program allo- for six years. The construction was in the hands of the U.S. States. As the U.S. clearly demonstrated, when Eisenhower easier target than Yemen. For all the presumed power of Army Corps of Engineers. America's determination to protect lengths to avoid any military confrontation with the United financed by the Saudi government, came to a head. At that sent troops to Lebanon in 1958, it is a good deal easier to Soviet Union has clearly indicated that she will go to great in the June war, it would have become virtually impossible for T intervene directly on the side of one Arab party against another quite a bit less than to Arab states friendly to the U.S.: Saudi $46.6 million. unity between royalty and republicans might well have resulted. Arabia received $161.7 million; Jordan, $55.6 million; Iraq,

countries thereafter, and a permanent anti-Western Arab Americans and American companies to function in Arab as much as to Israel. than to intervene on the side of Israel against the Arab coun- And Arab unity of any sort is anathema to the Western powers tries. Had the U.S. intervened militarily on the side of Israel

although he may lose that quality, as Ben-Gurion seems to nation, as was Ben-Gui-ion's to the earlier Zionist Jews. Nasser is the symbol of a nation for a people who have none. And, Israel: the Arabs will never be able to turn their energies from have done, the need for a symbol will remain.

existence of a legitimate Arab quest for nationhood is not mainstream of Zionism has, in like fashion, denied the commonly admitted. This factor has been of great significance

in the formation and sustaining of Arab hostility towards

basis of Israel is the subject of deserved ridicule. But that the

Ben-Gurion, at the time one of the Zionists most sympathetic

as the Israelis hold the existence of an Arab nation to be a threat. opposing Israel to the development of an Arab nation so long

among the rare races which are almost entirely, with insig-

nificant exceptions, concentrated in their own territories." to the Arabs, said in a New York City speech in 1942: "The first thing to make clear is that there is no Arab problem in in the sense that the Jews had experienced it —as a result of migration. But the essential psychological thrust of nationalist the sense that there is a Jewish, There is no homeless Arab people, no Arab migration. Just the contrary. The Arabs are

A glance at the war in Yemen makes it somewhat clearer

Western protection of the Arab oil states is made more

The Arab denial of legitimate Jewish nationhood as the

It was natural that Ben-Gurion should think of homelessness This view existed even before the State of Israel. David

not grasp is that his charisma is as meaningful to the

appeal as a matter of "charisma"; but what they do

HE POLMCAL LEADERS

Arabs, who believe in the necessity of a united Arab

[THE ARAB DIASPORA]

in Tel Aviv may dismiss Nasser's

RAMPARTS 41 movements against colonialism is that people

ruled in Syria, Lebanon and Jordan, as well as in Palestine, at

in their traditional geographical residence when the political

Western colonialism, which had replaced that of the Turks, still

and economic decisions of that area are made by alien forces.

powers—a world hardly likely to be rational about the immi- the time of Ben-Gurion's speech. native land. Ben-Gurion and the other Zionists entered an

Arab world fragmented by the boundaries and rules of foreign

increasingly difficult for the Israelis to view the drive towards Arab unity and independence as anything but a threat. This gration of another group of Europeans.

came to be accompanied by an intellectual position which held view was understandable, but dangerous, since it increasingly conceived. This developed further as the Israelis tried to justify that Arab concern with Western imperialism was fraudulently

Nasser's nationalization of the Canal led them to seriously insensitivity of Israeli leaders at that time to the importance of their alliance with the French and English in the Suez war. The

underestimate the strategic and psychological effects of Israel's

action. The nationalization was wrong side.

Eban accepted the "cultural affmity" felt by the Arabs, but received its most extensive treatment in Abba Eban's Oxford lecture, published in 1959 as a book, —the one really um-essful moment—and Israel was on the

nationhood: "... cultural unity, however profound, does not West was not a threat to the Arabs. Perhaps this point of view was unwilling to admit that this constituted any valid basis for his unwillingness to admit Arab national aspirations led him

settle the issue of political unity."

to deny any validity to the Arab attempts at anti-imperialism:

"[The Arabs] decline to admit that Western domination has insistence on settling accounts." Assuming that Western dom- ination had "gone away," Eban concluded that defense of the gone away. They pursue their 'imperialist' adversary far be-

political status quo was the best policy for the Middle East. yond the point of his own retreat. . . . There is a perverse

any plans to stabilize the Middle East must include a serious effort to reinforce Israel in all the elements of her strength and And the status quo would best be defended by arming Israel

to the teeth: "The leading Western capitals are now aware that religion, a culture, a civilization—a journey together of people spirit."

nationalism is more than a political movement. It is a faith, a precisely the nationhood he denies to the Arabs: "Israel's

across generations of martyrdom...."

his right to a nation. The Israelis must

hold without having been conned into it by Nasser; and that of this Israeli nationalism when leading Israeli spokesmen deny

an Arab state—if it became a reality (as a confederation or a that nationhood is an aspiration which some Arabs legitimately

nation)—is not necessarily a threat to Israel. Until Israeli Jews

come to understand that Arabs, too, can have their Diaspora,

they will not be able to make peace.

The Arabs suffered their own kind of Diaspora in their

42 RAMPARTS

Given these feelings on the part of the Arabs, it became

Israeli leaders compounded their error, insisting that the

Eban's preoccupation with Nasser as

In this same analysis, however, Eban confers upon Israel

It is difficult for an Arab nationalist to accept the legitimacy

the

event of Arab nationalism

The Tide of Nationalism.

come

a

threat to Israel and

to accept the fact

feel

homeless

Egypt's oil in Sinai repeat the error of Suez, and demonstrate a chronic Israeli indifference to or ignorance of the Arab fear

of being an expansionist country. Israel's military/agricultural settlements on the conquered land and her exploitation of

of colonialism. Can it be seriously argued that Israel's long -/- of the tragic proclivity of each side to fulfill the other's worst ranks of those foreigners who sell Arab oil? It is a continuation term security will be enhanced by her intended entry into the

prophecies.

irrelevant. There is incessant talk now in Israel about all the of being. But current developments are pushing Israel in that the expansionist state which the Arabs have long accused them direction, and her best intentions may in the long run prove

schools will be built, land reclaimed and trade will thrive. But, good work that will be done in the West Bank and in Gaza—

its own. At first the Israelis attempted to be as moderate as

possible in their rule, but, with new acts of Arab opposition, given Israel's technical and commercial superiority, she will

have suffered most from the wars with the Arabs harbor the

raised in underground nurseries and grew up to pick their way they have responded more harshly. This, in turn, breeds fresh dominate the life of the area. The situation has a dynamic all

banging out their snappy copy at the Tel Aviv Hilton. least hate. The kids from the border Kibbutzim who were acts of opposition.

through the mines of the Syrian heights have a greater com-

passion for the Arabs than the scores of American journalists

above all, a confrontation of Arab nationalism with the Israel. Israel must support the Arabs in this effort. incursions of the Great Powers into the Mideast. It means, both sides against short-sighted nationalism, and against the of events. A solution of the Mideast crisis demands a revolt on

Israelias a partner in the effort to free the Mideast from Western Western governments which control this area, rather than with remain a prisoner of Arab reaction. In the final analysis, the

1967] include Bob Avakian, Jim Hawley, David Kolodney and domination. Unless this is done, the "Arab Revolution" will crusade against Israel is a trump card to be played by the

pro-Western monarchies against any socialist rival. of the same social revolution to meet the needs of the people concepts which can survive together only if they exist as part who consider themselves progressives can come to accept

model, neither is viable, and the histrionics of a Ben-Gurion

of the Mideast. But, as competing nationalisms of the old

or a Researchers for this article and Part I

John Spitzer.

Israelis do not take seriously the danger of their becoming

It is one of the saving graces of Israel that the people who

Unfortunately, the Kibbutzniks will not determine the course

But Israel will not break with the West, unless the Arabs

The Arab nation and the Jewish nation are both legitimate

bent on doing—she will have confirmed the Arab charge

SRAEL IS NOW THREE

war and, if she retains the conquered lands—as many

of her younger leaders such as Dayan and Anon seem

Nasser

cannot alter that fact.

[A BREAK WITH THE PAST]

TIMES as large as she was before the

[RAMPARTS,

November

as if some bribed

lost a major case, and no convictions by William W. Turner have been toppled on appeal because of improper methods. ing DA is impressive: his office has never

His track record as the proverbial fight- meant it. Turning down a Mob proposi- tution and eliminate bail bond rackets. Street clip joints, crack down on prosti- ceeds, he proceeded to raid Bourbon He was elected on a reform platform and J week as his share of slot machine pro-

of New Orleans, a rackets-buster without tion that would have netted him $3000 a

parallel in a political freebooting state.

Garrison is angry right now—as angry

IM GARRISON is AN ANGRY MAN.

uncompromising district attorney

six years now he has been the tough,

The Garrison Commission

cops

on the Assassination of

had tried to steer

President Kennedy

For

really your property and the property of

is locked up for so long

that there is anybody in this room who controls the Archives where this evidence will be alive when it is released? This is the CIA? Who controls the FBI? Who has done his best to torpedo the investi- California newscasters. "Who controls gation of the case?" he fumed in a recent speech before a gathering of southern

is trying to keep him from his duty.

isn't

sassinate President Kennedy," and it to get him off their backs. Only this of the United States government which time, the file reads "Conspiracy to As- Mob had attempted to use political clout him away from a vice ring or as if the

"Who appointed Ramsey Clark, who

Cosa Nostra,

but the majestic might

that it

is unlikely

challenge is underscored by the fact that

the government and government-oriented

"I

"But wouldn't it be nice to know it?" United States is not involved," he said. not an accessory before or after the fact.

crime, but left no doubt that as far as he

accusing Johnson of complicity in the

to the government to prove that it was was concerned, the burden had shifted President, Lyndon Johnson!" people from seeing that evidence? Who

indeed? arrogance and the brass to prevent the from the assassination—your friendly the people of this country. Who has the

The simple probity of Garrison's

Garrison made it clear that he was not

"The one man who has profited most

assume

that the President of the

Photography by Matt Herron knave nor fool. No politician on the forces have concealed and destroyed of a vanishing breed: a Southern popu- tacked me do if they were here and had Garrison's current battle to get the contribution our country has made to make would be reckless enough to at- evidence, intimidated witnesses and list anchored in very traditional Amer- official responsibility?. Would they be Justice Department, the FBI and the this world we live in"; yet on occasion tempt to usurp the findings of the seven maligned, ridiculed and impeded Garri- ican ideals about justice and truth, who able to sleep nights? Would they be able CIA to release evidence about the as- he has implied that Supreme Court de- distinguished men of the Warren Com- son and his investigation. In short, the can neither rationalize nor temporize in to say, 'Jack Kennedy is dead and there sassination is not the first time he has cisions are a factor in the rising rate of conduct of the government has not been pursuit of them. mission. "It's not a matter of wanting to is nothing I can do about it?' " tangled with anal retentive government violent crime. gain headlines," says Garrison indig- that of an innocent party, but of one de- By design or ignorance, the mass authorities. After the DA's Bourbon But since the start of his assassination nantly. "It's a matter of not being able [THE MARINO OF A DA) termined to cover its tracks. For the past media —from NBC to Life—have created Street raids, the city's eight criminal probe, his views on many issues have to sleep at night. I am in an official nine months, 1 have worked closely with an image of Garrison as a ruthless op- ARRISON'S ATTITUDES were un- judges began blocking his source of changed appreciably. "A year ago I was position in a city where the greater part the DA and his staff, hoping to con- portunist with vaulting political ambi- doubtedly set by his experiences funds for the raids, a fines forfeitures a mild hawk on Vietnam," he relates. of the planning of the assassination of tribute to their investigation. In my tion, which naturally leads to the G during World War 11 in Europe pool. Garrison took on the judges in a "But no more. I've discovered the gov- President Kennedy took place, and this opinion there is no question that they conclusion that he is trying to parlay where, while flying a Piper Cub as an running dispute that was the talk of New ernment has told so many lies in this (the was missed by the Warren Commission. have uncovered a conspiracy. Nor is the death of a President into a political artillery spotter during the Allied sweep, Orleans. On one occasion, a luncheon of assassination] case it can't be believed on What would these people who have at- there any doubt that Jim Garrison is one tow de force. He is, in fact, neither he came upon Dachau. The residue of the Temple Sinai Brotherhood, he lik- anything." He fears that the U.S. is horror he witnessed there etched itself ened the judges to "the sacred cows of evolving into a "proto-fascist state," so deeply on his conscience that in the India." On another, he accused them of and cites as one indication the subtle foreword to a collection of criminology goldbricking by taking 206 holidays, quashing of dissent by an increasingly essays published in 1966, he deplored "not counting legal holidays like All autocratic central government. The mas- the apathy that permitted Dachau. Since Saints' Day, Long's Birthday and St. sive and still growing power of the CIA man emerged from the mists of time, he Winterbottom's Day." Outraged, the and the defense establishment, he con- wrote, "such reason as he possesses has judges collectively filed criminal defama- tends, is transforming the old America produced the cross, the bowl of hem- tion charges. (Complained one, "People into a Kafkaesque society in which lock, the gallows, the rack, the gibbet, holler 'Moo' at me.") The case escalated power is equated with morality. the guillotine, the sword, the machine to the U.S. Supreme Court, where a Garrison detests being called flam- gun, the electric chair, the hand grenade, landmark decision upheld Garrison's boyant, which is the most common the personnel mine, the flame thrower, right to criticize public officials. adjective applied to him, and in truth he poison gas, the nearly obsolete TNT He exercised that right. When Mayor makes no conscious effort at ostenta- bomb, the obsolescent atom bomb Victor H. Schiro vacillated on an issue, tion. But he is one of those arresting and the currently popular hydrogen he quipped, "Not since Hamlet tried to figures who automatically dominates any bomb—all made to maim or destroy his decide whether or not to stab the king of gathering, and his bold strokes in battle, fellow man." Garrison, who is fond of Denmark has there been so agonizing a as deliberate as his moves in chess, seem allegorical example, pictured an extra- decision." But if he was an embarrass- to dramatize his formidable personality. terrestrial being happening upon a self- ment to officials, he was a delight to the He also must rank as one of the more in- desolated world and asking, "What hap- voters. In 1965, he was returned to office tellectual big city DAs. He avidly de- pened to your disinterested millions? by a two to one margin—the first New yours history—it reflects in his metaphor Your uncommitted and uninvolved, your Orleans DA to be reelected in 30 years. —and quotes everything from Graham preoccupied and bored? Where today Greene and Lewis Carroll to Polonius' are their private horizons and their mir- ARRISON'S POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY advice to Laertes. But he is not exactly rored worlds of self? Where is their defies definition. He subscribes a square. Once known as a Bourbon splendid indifference now?" G in part to Ayn Rand's indi- Street swinger, he is still familiar in a few With a diploma from Tulane Univer- vidualist dogma, but is too much of a of the livelier French Quarter spots, sity law school, Garrison tried the life of traditional democrat to accept its in- where he can sometimes be found hold- an FBI agent but found the role too evitable elitism. He is friendly with ing forth on the piano and crooning a circumscribed to be stimulating. A stint segregationists and archconservatives, basso profundo rendition of a tune popu- with a firm specializing in corporation but bristles at the mention of the Ku lar half a generation ago. But mostly he law was likewise unrewarding. After Klux Klan. Negro leaders have no sticks to his study at home, and his another tour of duty in the Korean War quarrel with his conduct of office, and striking blonde wife and five kids. —he is presently a Lt. Colonel in the he has appointed Negroes as assistant It may be that in the end, the rank un- Louisiana National Guard—he latched DAs. Several years ago when the police fairness of the current siege on Garrison on as an assistant DA in New Orleans vice squad tried to sweep James Bald- will be its undoing, for the American and began his public career. After two win's Another Country from bookstore sense of fair play is not easily trifled with. unsuccessful tries at elective office, he shelves, he refused to prosecute ("How But do the people really want the truth pulled an upset in the 1961 district at- can you define obscenity?") and de- about the assassination, or is it more torney race. Bucking the Democratic nounced the censorship in stinging comfortable to let sleeping dogs lie? machine and backed only by five young terms, thus incurring the wrath of the Garrison sees this as the pivotal question lawyers known as the "Nothing Group" White Citizens Council. He sees no vir- in the history of the American demo- PHOTOGRAPHER'S NOTE: Garrison and I played a game of chess. the center. Then he developed his major pieces carefully and because of their lack of money and tue in capital punishment, but is some- cratic experiment: "In our incipient We thought the board looked too staid for pictures with all the painstakingly. At first glance he didn't seem to be making much prestige, he took to television and came what ambivalent on the libertarian trend superstate it really doesn't matter what pieces in starting order, so I led of with my king's pawn and progress nor to be taking full advantage of my obvious weak- on strong. Like Jack Kennedy, he pro- in court decisions. In a law quarterly he happened. Truth is what the government then (foolishly) played my king's bishop to bishop four. Garrison nesses, but when he finally launched his attack, he was so solidly jected a youthful vigor and enthusiasm predicted that increasing emphasis on chooses to tell you. Justice is what it could have clobbered me, but instead he chose to play the game entrenched there was nothing I could do. In those circumstances that was missing in the stereotyped poli- "the rights of the defendant against the wants to happen. It is better for you much as he has played the investigation. First, he solidly occupied - a gentleman would have resigned. ticians he was opposing. state may come to be seen as the greatest not to know that at midday on Novem-

44 RAMPARTS RAMPARTS 45 her 22, 1963, there were many men in Garrison was unconvinced by Ferrie's constraint barely sufficient "for a man had a short general conversation, and Pegged as a getaway pilot," he remarked when it plunged to earth near Ciudad many places glancing at their watches. account. An all-night dash through the to get off two shots from a bolt-action that Ferrie remarked that "he and his bitterly. Victoria, Mexico, May 23, 1965. But if we do not fight for the truth now, worst rainstorm in years to start a mer- rifle, much less three." companions would be in and out of the When Garrison delivered his epitaph The other associate was Maurice we may never have another chance." curial junket of over 1000 miles in three The DA's mind reverted to the strange skating rink during the weekend" (Com- of Ferrie as "one of history's most im- Brooks Gatlin Sr, legal counsel to the days for recreational purposes was too trip of pilot David Ferrie, and he began mission Documents 301). When Garri- portant individuals," most of the press Anti-Communism League of the Carib- [THE FBI CLEARS A SUSPECT] much to swallow. "It was a curious trip to wonder how perceptive the FBI had son's men recently talked to Rolland, winked knowingly. The probe was, after bean. Jerry Brooks said he had once been N THE MORNING AFTER the assassi- to a curious place at a curious time," really been in dismissing the whole thing. they obtained pertinent facts that the all, a publicity stunt, and the DA had a sort of protege of Gatlin and was in his nation, as the nation lay stunned the DA recalls. He booked Ferric as a When he returned to New Orleans, he FBI had either missed or failed to report had his headlines. Now that his prime confidence. Brooks believed Gatlin's 0 by grief, Garrison summoned "fugitive from Texas" and handed him went into virtual seclusion in his study in 1963. Rolland was certain that none suspect had conveniently passed away, frequent world travels were as a "trans- his staff to the office for a "brainstorm- over to the FBI. The G-men questioned at home, lucubrating over the volumes of the three men in Ferries party had ice he had the perfect excuse to inter his porter" for the CIA. As an example, he ing session" to explore the possibility him intensively, then released him. of the Warren Report. When he became skated; Ferrie had spent the entire two probe alongside the deceased pilot. said, Gatlin remarked about 1962, in a that Lee Harvey Oswald had accomplices Since the 40-odd pages recording the convinced that Oswald could not have hours he was at the rink standing by a But for DA Jim Garrison, it was not self-important manner, that he had in New Orleans, where the previous sum- FBI interrogation of Ferrie are still acted alone, and that at least a phase of pay telephone—and finally received a call. the end but the beginning. $100,000 of CIA money earmarked for a mer he had stumped the streets advocat- classified in the National Archives, one the conspiracy had been centered in New At Houston International Airport, French right-wing clique that was going [544 CAMP STREET, NEW ORLEANS] ing Fair Play for Cuba. can only surmise the reasons the Bureau Orleans, he committed his office to a more information was gleaned. Air serv- to attempt to assassinate General de The DA's men put out feelers into the stamped its file on him "closed." full-scale probe. He launched it quietly, ice personnel seemed to recall that in "WHILE THE LEGEND '544 Camp Gaulle; shortly afterward Gatlin flew to city's netherworld, and it was First As- Apparently the FBI did not take the preferring to work more efficiently in 1963 Ferrie had access to an airplane St., NEW ORLEANS, LA.' Paris. The search for Gatlin, however, sistant DA Frank Klein who registered pilot too seriously. A short Bureau docu- the dark. based in Houston. In this craft, the flight was stamped on some of the was likewise futile: in 1964 he fell or was the first feedback. A slight, furtive, some- ment in the National Archives reveals to Matamoros would take little more literature that Oswald had in his posses- pushed from the sixth floor of the El time private eye named Jack S. Martin Ferric had admitted being "publicly and HE PROBE REFOCUSED ON Ferric, than an hour. sion at the time of his arrest [for "dis- Panama Hotel in Panama during the confided that a David William Ferrie privately" critical of Kennedy for with- and on December 15 he was Ferrie had patently lied about the pur- turbing the peace"] in New Orleans, early morning, and was killed instantly. had taken off on a sudden trip to Texas holding air cover at the Bay of Pigs, and Tbrought in for further questioning. pose of the trip. One of the standard extensive investigation was not able But the trip to 531 Lafayette Place was the afternoon of the assassination. The had used expressions like "he ought to Asked pertinent details of the whirlwind tactics of bank robbers is to escape from to connect Oswald with that address" not entirely fruitless. The address, I dis- tipster knew Ferrie well, although there be shot," but agents agreed he did not Texas trip- in 1963, he begged lack of the scene of the crime in a "hot car" that (Warren Report, p. 408). So said the covered, was a side entrance to 544 was bad blood between them. Both •mean the threat literally. memory and referred his questioners to cannot be traced to them, then switch Commission. But Garrison has con- Camp Street. Entering either at the front had worked intermittently for the same Most convincing at the time, the fact the FBI. What about the goose hunting? to a "cold car" of their own to complete nected Oswald with that address. His or the side, one arrives via a walkup detective firm, W. Guy Banister & that Ferrie did not leave New Orleans "We did in fact get to where the geese the getaway. Garrison considers it pos- investigation shows that Oswald func- staircase at the same second floor space. Associates, and were affiliated with until hours after the assassination were and there were thousands," he re- sible that Ferric may have been the pilot tioned in a paramilitary right-wing That second floor once housed the Cu- the Apostolic Orthodox Old Catholic seemed to rule out his role as a getaway counted. "But you couldn't approach of a second craft in a two-stage escape of milieu of which 544 Camp Street was a ban Democratic Revolutionary Front Church, a sect steeped in theological pilot. Moreover, the Stinson monoplane them. They were a wise bunch of birds." the Dallas assassins to south of the nerve center, and that Oswald's ostenta- and W. Guy Banister & Associates. anti-communism.Anexceptionally skilled he then owned was sitting at Lakefront Pressed for details of what took place at border, or may have been slated to be a tious "Fair Play for Cuba" advocacy Guy Banister had been in charge of pilot, Ferrie had been dismissed from Airport in unflyable condition. the ice rink, Ferric became irritated. "Ice backup pilot in the event contingency was nothing more than a facade. the Chicago FBI office before retiring Eastern Air Lines in 1962 due to pub- Accepting the FBI's judgment, Garri- skate—what do you think?" he snapped. plans were activated. The dilapidated building at 544 Camp in 1955 and becoming New Orleans licity over alleged homosexual activities. son dropped his investigation. "I had It didn't take the DA's men long to Did Ferrie know Oswald? The pilot Street is on the corner of Lafayette Place. deputy superintendent of police for sev- According to Martin, Ferrie had com- full confidence in the FBI then," he ex- poke holes in Ferries story. Melvin denied it, but the evidence mounts that Shortly after news of Garrison's investi- eral years. He was regarded as one of the manded a Civil Air Patrol squadron of plains. "There was no reason to try and Coffey, one of his companions on the he did. For example, there is now in gation broke, I went to 531 Lafayette city's most vocal anti-Castroites, and which Oswald had once been a member. second guess them." 1963 Texas trip, deposed that it was not Garrison's hands information that when Place, an address given me by Minute- published the racist Louisiana Intelli- He had taught Oswald to shoot with a For three years the DA's faith in the a sudden inspiration: Oswald was arrested by Dallas police, he men defector Jerry Milton Brooks as the gence Digest, which depicted integration telescopic sight, and had become in- Bureau's prowess remained unshaken. Q. The trip was arranged before? had in his possession a current New Or- office of W. Guy Banister, a former FBI as a communist conspiracy. Evidence of volved with his protege in an assassina- Then in November 1966, squeezed into A. Yes. . leans library card issued to David Ferrie. official who ran a private detective his relationship with the federal intelli- tion plot. Less than two weeks before the a tourist-class seat on an Eastern jet Q. How long before? Reinforcing the validity of this informa- agency. According to Brooks, who had gence apparat has recently surfaced. A target date, Ferrie had made a trip to headed for New York, his interest in the A. A couple of days. tion is a Secret Service report on the been a trusted Minutemen aide, Banister man who knew Banister well has told Dallas. His assigned role in the assassina- possibility of a conspiracy was rekindled. The probers also determined that no one questioning of Ferrie by that agency was a member of the Minutemen and Garrison that Banister became asso- tion, Martin said, was to fly the escaping Flanking him were Senator Russell B. had taken along any shotguns on the when he was in federal custody in 1963. head of the Anti-Communism League of ciated with the Office of Naval Intelli- conspirators to Matamoros, Mexico, Long of Louisiana and Joseph Rault Jr, "goose-hunting" trip. During an otherwise mild interrogation, the Caribbean, assertedly an intermedi- gence through the recommendation of near Brownsville, Texas. a New Orleans oilman. The previous In Houston, the ice skating alibi was Ferrie was asked, strangely enough, if he ary between the CIA and Caribbean in- Guy Johnson, an ONI reserve officer When Ferrie returned to New Orleans week, Long had remarked in the course similarly discredited. In 1963, the FBI lent his library card to Oswald. No, he surgency movements. Brooks said he and the first attorney for Clay Shaw on the Monday following President of a press conference that he doubted the had interviewed Chuck Rolland, proprie- replied, producing a card from the New had worked for Banister on "anti- when he was arrested by Garrison. Kennedy's death, he was interrogated by findings of the Warren Commission. It tor of the Winterland Skating Rink. Orleans public library in the name Dr. Communist" research in 1961-1962, and A copyrighted story in the New Or- the DA's office. He said his trip had been was at the height of the controversy "FERRIE contacted him by telephone David Ferric. That card had expired. had known David Eerie as a frequent leans States-Item, April 25, 1967, further arranged "on the spur of the moment." stirred by publications ripping at the November 22, 1963, and asked for the When he realized he was a suspect in visitor to Banister's office. illuminates the Camp Street scene. The With two companions, Alvin Beauboeuf Commission's methods and conclusions. skating schedule," a Bureau report, one Garrison's current investigation, Ferrie Banister had died of an apparent heart newspaper, which at the time had an and Melvin Coffey, he had driven straight Garrison bombarded the senator with of the few unclassified documents on seemed to deteriorate. By the time he attack in the summer of 1964. But investigative team working parallel to through to Houston Friday night. On questions in the manner, he reminisces, Ferrie, reveals. "Mr. FERRIE stated died on February 22, 1967, he was a Brooks had told me of two associates the Garrison probe, reported that a re- Saturday afternoon, the three skated at "of a prosecutor cross-examining a wit- that he was coming in from out of town nervous wreck, subsisting on endless whom I hoped to find. One was Hugh F. liable source close to Banister said he an ice rink; that evening they made the ness." Long maintained that there were and desired to do some skating while in cigarettes and cups of coffee and enough Ward, a young investigator for Banister had seen 50 to 100 boxes marked short jog to Galveston and hunted geese grievous flaws and unexplored territory Houston. On November 23, 1963, be- tranquilizers to pacify an army. He had who also belonged to the Minutemen "Schtumberger" in Banister's office- Sunday morning. Sunday afternoon they in the Warren Report. He considered it tween 3:30 and 5:30 PM, Mr. FERRIE sought out the press only days before his and the Anti-Communism League. Then storeroom early in 1961 before the Bay headed back to New Orleans, but de- highly implausible that a gunman of Os- and two companions came to the rink death, labeling the probe a "fraud" and I learned that Ward, too, was dead. Re- of Pigs. The boxes contained rifle toured to Alexandria, Louisiana, to visit wald's "mediocre skill" could have fired and talked to Mr. ROLLAND." The complaining that he was the victim of a portedly taught to fly by David Ferrie, grenades, land mines and unique "little relatives of Beauboeuf. with pinpoint accuracy within a time report continues that Ferrie and Rolland "witch hunt." "I suppose he has me he was at the controls of a Piper Aztec missiles." Banister explained that "the

46 RAMPARTS RAMPARTS 47 stuff would just be there overnight . . . a acquired part of his files. When he him, Texas Governor John Connally child. Nor did he seem particularly con- appearing man who called himself Hugh Corps post jaan downgraded his is. bunch of fellows connected with the realized he was a prime suspect in Gar- would not sign the papers. cerned about being fired. The personnel Pharris or Ferris; Norton now states it charge to less than honorable, Cswo.7,1 Cuban deal asked to leave it there over- rison's probe, Ferrie systematically dis- As for Oswald and 544 Camp Street, manager of the Reily Co. told the Secret was Ferrie. "Here are your samples," indignantly wrote Secretary of the Davy night." It was all right, assured Banister, posed of his papers and documents for Garrison declares that "we have several Service that "there would be times when Ferrie remarked, handing Norton a John B. Connally, "I have and allways "I have approval from somebody." the years 1962 and 1963. But in photo- witnesses who can testify they observed Oswald would be gone for periods of an phonograph record. "It is in the jacket." [sic] had the full sanction of the U.S. The "somebody," one can surmise copying the bibliography of a cancer Oswald there on a number of occasions." hour or longer and when questioned he "It" was $150,000, which Norton duly Embassy, Moscow USSR and he vc: the from the Gordon Novel episode which paper he had written (at one time he had One witness is David L. Lewis, another could not furnish a plausible explanation delivered to a Cuban television perform- U.S. government" (Warren Report, p. follows, was the CIA. Novel is wanted caged mice in his home on which he in Banister's stable of investigators. In as to where he had been ..." (CE 1154). er in Havana. Norton asserts he went to 710). When an interviewer on a New by the DA as a material witness in the experimented with cancer implants), he late 1962, Lewis says, he was drinking Next door is the Crescent City Garage, Freeport, Grand Bahamas, on an Agency Orleans radio station asked him on 1961 burglary of the Schlumberger Well inadvertantly overlapped the bottom coffee in the restaurant next to 544 Camp whose owner, Adrian T. Alba, testified assignment late in 1966, and upon his August 21, 1963, if he had had a gever7- Co. munitions dump near New Orleans. portion of notes recording the disposi- Street when Cuban exile Carlos Quiroga, that Oswald spent hours on end in his return to Miami his contact instructed ment subsidy during his three years i Subpoenaed by the grand jury last tions. Included is the notation: "Copies who was close to Arcacha, came in with waiting room buried in gun magazines that "something was happening in New Russia, the normally articulate Oswald March, Novel fled to McLean, Virginia, of B's [presumably Banister's] microfilm a young man he introduced as Leon Os- (Warren Report, Vol. 10, p. 226). Shortly Orleans, and that I [Norton] should take stammered badly: "Well, as 1 er, well, next door to' the CIA complex at Lang- files to Atlanta rite-wingers [sic]." wald. A few days later, Lewis saw before leaving the coffee firm, Oswald a long, quiet vacation." will answer that question directly then ley, and took a lie detector test admin- The Banister files were reputed to be Quiroga, Oswald and Ferrie together at mentioned to Alba that his employment He did, and started to fret about the as you will not rest until you get your istered by a former Army intelligence the largest collection of "anti-com- 544 Camp Street. A few days after that, application was about to be accepted "people who have died in recent months answer er, I worked in Russia, er, I was officer which, he boasted to the press, munist intelligence" in Louisiana, and he barged into Banister's office and in- "out there where the gold is" —the —like Ferrie." Then he decided to con- er under the protection er, of the er, that proved Garrison's probe was a fraud. He part were sold by his widow to the Sov- terrupted a meeting between Banister, NASA Saturn missile plant at Gentilly, tact Garrison. Norton was given a lie is to say I was not under protection of then skipped first to Montreal and then ereignty Commission, a sort of state Quiroga, Ferrie and Leon Oswald. It was a suburb (Vol. 10, p. 226). detector test, and there were no indica- the American government but I was at to Columbus, Ohio, from where Gover- HUAC, where a Garrison investigator not until he was interviewed by Garrison On the face of it, the idea that Oswald tions of deception. all times er, considered en American nor James Rhodes, in one of the most was able to examine them. Banister's that Lewis concluded that Leon Oswald could get ajob at a space agency installa- Garrison believes that Oswald was citizen ..." (This is the original version absurd stipulations ever attached to a filing system was modeled after the was probably Lee Harvey Oswald. Not- tion requiring security clearance seems schooled, in covert operations by the CIA as disseminated by the Associated Press. normally routine procedure, refuses to FBI's, and contained files on both friends ing that the "natural deaths of Banister preposterous. He was a self-avowed while in the Marine Corps at the Atsugi The version released by the Warren Com- extradite him unless Garrison agrees not and foes. The "10" and "23" classifica- and- Ferrie were strikingly similar," Marxist who had tried to renounce his Naval Station in Japan, a U-2 facility mission has been edited to delete the to question him on the assassination. tion dealt with Cuban matters; 23-5, for Lewis has slipped into seclusion. American citizenship in Moscow, mar- (interestingly, two possibly relevant doc- hemming and hawing and the apparent example, was labeled Cuban Democratic ried the niece of a Soviet KGB colonel, uments, "Oswald's access to information From his Ohio sanctuary the fugitive [CIA: THE COMMON DENOMINATOR] slip of the tongue, "I was under the pro- cryptically asserted that the munitions Revolutionary Front and 10-209 simply openly engaged in "Fair Play For Cuba" about the U-2" [CD 931] and "Repro- tection. . ." [Vol. 21, p. 639].) caper was one of "the most patriotic Cuban File. There was a main file, 23-14, N OR ABOUT THE NIGHT Of Sep- activity, and attempted to join the Com- duction of CIA official dossier on Os- Possibly the most cogent suggestion of burglaries in history." When an enter- labeled Shaw File, but someone had tember 16, 1963, a nondescript munist Party, U.S.A. But Garrison wald" [CD 692] are still classified in the Oswald's mission in the Soviet Union prising reporter took him to a marathon completely stripped it before Garrison's 0 Leon Oswald, the brilliant, er- points out that it is an open secret that National Archives). Curiously, the mis- can be found in the testimony of Dennis party, Novel's indiscreet tongue loos- man got there. ratic David Ferrie, and a courtly the CIA uses the NASA facility as a cast Marine who was constantly in hot H. Ofstein, a fellow-employee at Jag- ened further. According to the States- The Cuban Democratic Revolutionary executive-type man named Clem Ber- cover for clandestine operations. And it water had a Crypto clearance on top of a gars-Chiles-Stovall Co. in Dallas (this Item article, Novel's oft-repeated ac- Front, which occupied what was grandi- trand discussed a guerrilla ambush of is his contention that Oswald was a Top Secret clearance, and was given two is the photographic/graphic arts firm count was that the munitions bunker osely called Suite 6 at 544 Camp Street, President Kennedy in Ferries apart- "witting" agent of the CIA. electronics courses. "Isn't it odd," prods where Oswald worked upon his return was a CIA staging point for war materiel was the coalition of Cuban exile "lib- ment. There was talk of "triangulation There is a surfeit of indications of Garrison, "that even though he sup- from Russia ; it receives many classified destined for use in the impending Bay of eration" groups operating under CIA of fire ... the availability of exit ... one Oswald's status. One is the story of : posedly defected to the Soviet Union government contracts). Ofstein's smat- Pigs invasion. He is quoted as saying aegis that mounted the Bay of Pigs in- man had to be sacrificed to give the other Donald P. Norton, who claims he was with Top Secret data on our radar nets, tering of Russian evidently set the usu- that on the day the munitions were vasion. Arcacha, the New Orleans dele- one or two gunmen time to escape." Es- impressed into the Agency's service in no action was taken against him when ally phlegmatic Oswald to talking. "All picked up, he "was called by his CIA gate of the Miami-based organization, cape out of the country would be by a 1957 under threat of expoSure as a homo- he came back to the United States?" the time I was in Minsk 1 never saw a contact and told to join a group which is a dapper, moustachioed man who had plane flown by Ferrie. This was the nub sexual. In September 1962, Norton re- Equally odd is Oswald's acquisition of vapor trail," Ofstein quotes him. "He was ordered to transport munitions from served in Batista's diplomatic corps. of the testimony of Perry Raymond lated, he was dispatched from Atlanta Russian language ability. Although the also mentioned about the disbursement the bunker to New Orleans." The key to There are numerous witnesses who at- Russo at a preliminary hearing for Clay to Mexico with $50,000 for an anti- Warren Report spread the fiction that he [dispersement of military units," Of- the bunker was provided by his CIA test that he was a confidant of Banister Shaw, accused by Garrison of conspir- Castro group. He had no sooner regis- was self-taught, and Oswald himself stein continued, "saying they didn't in- contact. Novel reportedly said the others and Ferrie, and that his office was a way acy in the assassination. Russo identified tered in the Yamajel Hotel in Monterrey, falsely told a New Orleans acquaintance termingle their armored divisions and in the CIA group at the bunker were station for the mixed bag of Cuban Leon Oswald as Lee Harvey Oswald, and Mexico, per instructions, than he was that he had studied Russian at Tulane infantry divisions and various units the David Ferrie, Sergio Arcacha Smith— exiles and American adventurers in- Clem Bertrand as Clay Shaw. contacted by one Harvey Lee, a dead University, the likelihood is that he was way we do in the United States, and they New Orleans delegate to the Cuban De- volved in the "liberation" movement. What would bring three such widely ringer for Oswald except that his hair tutored at the CIA's Atsugi station. would have all of their aircraft in one mocratic Revolutionary Front —and sev- Late in 1962, the Front closed up shop, disparate men together in the first place? seemed slightly thicker. In exchange for Marine Corps records reflect that on geographical location and their tanks in eral Cubans. The munitions, according at which time Arcacha became a One possible answer: the CIA. the money, Lee gave him a briefcase February 25, 1959, at the conclusion of another geographical location, and their to his account, were dropped in Novel's founder of the Crusade to Free Cuba, On the fringe of downtown New Or- containing documents in manila en- his Atsugi tour of duty, he was given a infantry in another . .." On one occa- office, Ferries home and Banister's a paramilitary group of militant right leans, the building at 544 Camp Street is velopes. According to plan, Norton de- Russian language proficiency test (Fol- sion, Oswald asked Ofstein to enlarge a office-storeroom. wingers. In March 1963, he moved to across the street from the government livered the briefcase to an employee of som Exhibit No. 1, p. 7). A former photograph taken in Russia which, he Ferrie worked on and off for Banister Houston, Texas. Early in his investiga- building which in 1963 housed the local an American oil firm in Calgary, Alber- Marine comrade, Kerry Thornley, de- explained, represented "some military as an investigator, and the mutual affinity tion, Garrison charged Arcacha with CIA headquarters. One block away, at ta, who repeated the pass phrase, "The posed to Garrison that Oswald con- headquarters and that the guards sta- was such that in 1962, when Eastern Air being a party to the munitions burglary 640 Magazine Street, is the William B. weather is very warm in Tulsa." versed in Russian with John Rene tioned there were armed with weapons Lines was in the process of dismissing with Novel and Ferrie, but by this time Reily Co., a coffee firm where Oswald Norton also contends he met David Heindel every morning at muster. and ammunition and had orders to shoot Ferrie for publicity over alleged homo- he was living in Dallas, where he refused was employed that pivotal summer. He Ferrie earlier in his CIA career. In early Oswald's "defection" to the Soviet any trespassers ..." (Vol. 10, p. 202). Os- sexual acts, Banister appeared at a to talk to the DA's men without Dallas worked from May 10 to July 19, earning 1958, he was tapped for a courier trip to Union also smacks of being CIA-initi- wald's inordinate interest in the contrails Miami hearing and delivered an impas- police and assistant DA Bill Alexander a total of $548.41 (Commission Exhibits Cuba and told to meet his contact at the ated. In retrospect, the clearance of U.S. of high flying aircraft, Soviet military sioned plea on his behalf. When Banister present. When Garrison obtained an 1154). Despite this, he did not seem Eastern Air Lines counter at the Atlanta departure and reentry formalities seems deployment and a military facility in- suddenly died, the ex-pilot evidently arrest warrant and sought to extradite hard put to support Marina and their airport. The contact was a singular- unduly expeditious. When the Marine volving an element of risk to photograph

98 RAMPARTS RAMPARTS 90 CHARTRES

DORSIERE

DECATUR

On the left is the nerance Ia 344 Camp St. On the right, 531Lajayette Pl. libraries on Thursday. The possible im- Workers Party (a copy of the famous plication of his visits was not overlooked snapshot of Oswald with a revolver on by the FBI, which confiscated every book his hip, a rifle in one hand and the Party he ever charged out, and never returned organ, the Militant, in the other was them. A piece that may fit into the puzzle mailed to the SWP office in New York is the discovery by Garrison of an adult in April 1963). Garrison believes the borrower's card issued by the New Or- facade was intended to facilitate his leans public library in the name Clem entry into communist countries for spe- Bertrand. The business address shown is cial missions. the International Trade Mart (Shaw's Ferries involvement with the CIA former place of employment), and the seems to stem mainly from his anti- home address 3100 Louisiana Avenue Castro paramilitary activity, although Parkway, a wrong number, but conspic- there is a suggestion that he was at one uously close to that of David Ferrie at time a pilot for the Agency. In the late The Reify Bldg. (See map apposite) 3330 Louisiana Avenue Parkway. There 1940s and early 1950s he flew light hardly seems the natural curiosity of a may be a pattern here, since Oswald sup- planes commercially in the Cleveland, hapless ex-Marine private. posedly carried a card issued to Ferrie Ohio area, and was rated by his col- An intriguing entry in Oswald's ad- when arrested in Dallas. leagues as an outstanding pilot. In the dress book is the word "microdots" Still another hint of Oswald's intelli- middle 1950s there is an untraceable gap appearing on the page on which he has gence status is the inventory of his prop- in his career. Then he turns up as an notated the address and phone number erty seized by Dallas police after the Eastern Air Lines pilot. Although he of Jaggers-Chiles-Stovall (CE Ig, p. 45). assassination. Included is such sophisti- supposedly obtained an instrument rat- Microdots are a clandestine means of cated optical equipment as a Sterio ing at the Sunnyside Flying School in communication developed by German Realist camera, a Hama camera timer, Tampa, Florida, there is no record that intelligence during World War II and filters, a small German camera, a Wol- any such school ever existed. still in general use among espionage lensak 15 power telescope, Micron 6X A clue to Ferries activities may lie in agencies. The technique is to photograph binoculars and a variety of film—hardly the loss of hair he suffered. A fellow em- AN ASSASSIN'S GUIDE TO NEW ORLEANS the document to be transmitted and the usual accouterments of a lowly ware- ployee at Eastern recalls that when 1. The old International Trade Mart. During the summer of 1963, Lee Harvey Oswald Ferrie first joined the line he was "hand- passed out "Fair Play for Cuba" literature at its entrance. Some of the literature was vastly reduce the negative to a size that houseman (Stovall Exhibits). stamped with the address "544 Camp St., New Orleans, La." will fit inside a period. The microdot Upon his return from Russia, the man some and friendly," but in the end be- 2. The building at 544 Camp Street. In 1961-63. the building was a beehive of activity by can be inserted in an innocuous letter or who subscribed to Pravda in the Marine came "moody and paranoiac—afraid the anti.Cestro groups, some sponsored by the CIA. A side entrance at 531 Lafayette Piace ems used by the late Guy Banister, is private detective who employed David Ferris. Garrison magazine and mailed, or left in a "dead Corps and lectured his fellow Marines communists were out to get him." The has linked Oswald to the building's occupants. drop"—a prearranged location for the on Marxist dialectics set about insti- personality change coincided with a 3. The old U.S. Courthouse across from 544 Camp Street. In 1963 the CIA had an office In the Courthouse. deposit and pickup of messages. tutionalizing his leftist facade. He wrote gradual loss of hair. First a bald spot 4. The William B. Rally Co. at 640 Magazine Street, a coffee firm where Oswald was em- Thus it may be significant that Oswald ingratiating letters to the national head- appeared, which Ferrie explained was ployed during the summer of 1963. obtained library cards in Dallas and quarters of the Communist Party, Fair caused by acid dripping from a plane 5. The Crescent City Garage, next door to the Reily Co. Owner Adrian Alba told the Warren Commission that Oswald frequently visited the garage to read his gun magazines, and once New Orleans, and usually visited the Play for Cuba Committee and Socialist battery. Then the hair began falling out mentioned that he would soon be obtaining a job at the Space Agency facility at Gentilly, a New Orleans suburb. .6. The new International TradeMart, operedn...,.ft.=tuxn in 1965.ClayShaccetbylarnso as was retirement in Photographs by William W. Turner Map by John Williams 1965.....in"on

is clumps—Ferrie desperately studied right-wing French officers dedicated to the FBI had in fact arrested 11 men, then medicine to try to halt the process— "keeping Algeria French" by force of quietly released them. Among those in race hatred and anti-Semitism, others by Friends of Democratic Cuba. To help until his body was entirely devoid of arms. The composition of the CMC the net was Acelo Pedro Amores, be- perfervid anti-communism, still others their cause, they wanted to purchase ten hair. One speculation is that he was group with which Shaw was associated lieved to be a former Batista official who by a personal interest in overthrowing trucks at cost. Deslatte filled out a bid Castro and regaining property or sine- moonlighting and suffered a physiolog- is of more than cursory interest, since it slipped out of Cuba in 1960. Also form, recording their names as Joseph ical reaction to exposure to the extreme includes a former U.S. intelligence offi- caught was Richard Lauchli Jr, one of cures in the Cuban bureaucracy. There Moore and Oswald. The young man call- is considerable cross-pollination, espe- altitudes required for clandestine flights. cer, now an executive of the Bank of the founders of the Mintemen. Lauchli, ing himself Oswald said that if the trucks cially in the South. A graphic example Chinese Nationalist 0-2 pilots report- Montreal; the publisher of the neo-Nazi who possessed a federal license to manu- were purchased he would be the one to can be found in rural St. Bernard edly have suffered the same hair-loss National-Zeitung of Germany ; Prince facture weapons in his Collinsville, Illi- pay for them. This is the gist of an inci- phenomenon. Guitere de Spadaforo, an Italian in- nois machine shop, was arrested again Parish, near New Orleans. A state police dent recorded by the FBI immediately undercover investigator relates that in- One of Ferrie's covert tasks in the New dustrialist related by marriage to Hitler in 1964 when Treasury investigators, after the assassination and dug out of side a farmhouse which serves as a Ku Orleans area was to drill small teams in finance minister Hjalmar Schacht ; and posing as agents of a South American the obscurity of the Archives by Garri- Klux Klan regional headquarters are guerrilla warfare. One of his young the lawyer to the Italian royal family and country, trapped him in a deal to sell a son researcher Tom Bethell (CD 1542). Nazi emblems and a shrine to Horst proteges has revealed that he trained secretary of the Italian neo-Fascist huge quantity of illicit automatic arms. Garrison has located the former Bol- Wessel, and in back, behind a copse of some of his Civil Air Patrol cadets and Party. Through his attorney, Shaw has The others arrested were American ad- ton Ford manager who was present at trees, a rifle range and large cache of Cubans and formed them into five-man stated he joined the CMC board of di- venturers and Cuban exiles. the time, Fred A. Sewell. He recalled that guns belonging to Minutemen. small weapons units, this under the rectors in 1958 at the insistence of his Garrison believes that the assassina- the younger "skinny" man gave the full auspices of the Marine Corps and State own board of directors of the Interna- tion team at Dealey Plaza included rene- There is intense factionalism inside the name Lee Oswald, and that "Joseph paramilitary right, and in recent years a Moore" actually was a Cuban who gave Department. Coupled with this is the tional Trade Mart of New Orleans. gade Minutemen operating without the rondocylinder clock Is the first new information from another former pro- knowledge of the group's central head- power struggle for hegemony over the a Cuban name on the bid form. What is idea in clocks in nineteen years. movement raged between DePugh of the a.ge that Ferrie confided "he was work- N AUGUST 1, 1963, the front quarters. Free-lance terrorism has puzzling about the incident is that Lee Minutemen and the late George Lincoln • DIGITAL CLOCKS FIRST APPEARED ing for the CIA rescuing Cubans out of page of the States-Item carried plagued Minutemen national coordina- Harvey Oswald was in Minsk, Russia on the scene nineteen years ago. Castro prisons," and on one occasion two news stories which, Garri- tor Robert DePugh since the organiza- Rockwell of the American Nazis. In a in 1961, thus raising the question of who They were the first clocks in 650 O years to improve the medieval recent public statement DePugh com- es called to Miami so that the CIA son asserts, symbolize the bitter end of tion's inception, and there have been was impersonating him and why. concept of hands spinning around the paramilitary right's tolerance of John several abortive assassination schemes mented that "fascism is the number one Any answer must necessarily be con- on dials at different speeds. Quite could "test him to see if he was the type an improvement, that! of person who told his business to any- F. Kennedy. "A-Treaty Signing Set On hatched by individual cliques. danger in this country today," and that jecture, but it may be significant to recall the "fascists" are using anti-communism that Lee Harvey Oswald spent four days • THE NEW rondo CYLINDER CLOCK f..Day." In a speech before the Military Monday" was the lead to one story, dis- For example, in 1962, a Dallas ex- adds another dimension. Two G. der of World Wars in New Orleans in closing that the test ban treaty was tremist using the pseudonym John Mor- as a smokescreen to cover their own rush in New Orleans in September 1959 be- airplane tachometer-type dials for power. I had occasion to talk to fore departing on the first leg of his jour- stacked one on the other, imper- 'Late 1961, Ferrie related that he had about to become reality and that a ris was given money by a Minutemen ceptibly move past an index, in- trained pilots in Guatemala for the Bay NATO-Warsaw bloc nonaggression pact clique at the Liberty Mall in Kansas DePugh, and suggested to him that the ney to the Soviet Union aboard the SS stantly and unequivocally giving of Pigs, and professed bitter disappoint- was in the wind. "Explosives Cache City to subsidize the sniper slaying of guerrilla team that bushwhacked the Marion Lykes (CE 1963). Garrison has you the exact time "readout." President included Minutemen who had picked up indications that Oswald's de- • A "REISTERWERK" OF HOROLOGY ment that they were not used. Home Lent to Cuban, Says Owner's Senator J. William Fulbright of Arkan- that comes to as from Pforzheim Clay Shaw, an international trade Wife," announced the lead to another sas. The plan called for Morris to escape drifted into the Nazi orbit. "I'm inclined cision to embark via ship from New (Germany) where they have been to agree," he said. Orleans was dictated by intelligence con- making timepieces since the official with top-level contacts in Latin story, telling of an FBI raid on a military in a plane flown by a Texas man, but reign of Pippin The Short. The America and Europe, would have been a training site and arms cache on the north DePugh got wind of it and aborted it. One of the most inexplicable entries in siderations. It is not beyond the realm of works are absolutely noiseless Oswald's address book is "Nat. Sec. possibility that during the four-day and run on 110v housecurrent. natural target for CIA recruitment. side of Lake Pontchartrain. Agents had And a Cuban exile close to Guy Banister The translucent cylinders are lit Gordon Novel, who was acquainted seized more than a ton of dynamite, 20 has told Garrison that in 1962 Minute- Dan Burros, Lincoln Rockwell, Arling- period in the city he was inducted into a from within for easy timetelling ton, Virginia" (CE 18, p. 55). Other CIA group, an anti-Castro member of in the wee hours (even tram 30.1. with Shaw, was quoted by the States- 100-pound bomb casings, fuses, napalm man Banister seriously discussed "put- For you light sleepers a built in Item as venturing that Shaw may have ingredients and other war materiel. ting poison in the air conditioning ducts right-wing figures in the address book which would later use Oswald's name. switch turns out the light are Curios Bringuier of the Cuban Stu- been asked by the CIA to observe the The whipsaw developments—Kenne- in the Havana Palace and killing all The genesis of the Friends of Demo- gg rondo COMES IN THREEaFINISHES: traffic pf foreign commerce through New dy's patent determination to effect a occupants." dent Directorate in New Orleans and cratic Cuba is not inconsistent with this Natural teakwood (pictured retired General Edwin Walker of Dallas. above), natural pigskin, and Orleans. More persuasive is Shaw's rapprochement with the communist na- The latest plot to surface was formu- theory. One of the incorporators of the black sharkskin with a burnished membership on the board of directors of tions on the one hand, his crackdown lated in Dallas in September 1966; its Bringuier told the Commission that Os- organization was Guy Banister, the chrome ring. 61/2' high, 334- die. wald had approached him and offered to a firm called Centro Mondiale Commer- under the Neutrality Act on anti-Castro target was Stanley Marcus of the Nei- Minutemen/CIA type. Another was • THIS UNIQUE CONVERSATION PIECE train Cuban exiles in Marine tactics, but is available only through as and elide in Rome. According to the news- paramilitary groups on the other—trig- man-Marcus department store, a pro- William Wayne Dalzell who knew Ferrie comes with a year's guarantee on papers Paese Sera of Rome and Le De- gered a rage against the President that United Nations liberal who somehow he suspected Oswald was a plant. and Arcacha, and was still another in the parts and workmanship. volt of Montreal, among others of the would find vent in his assassination. his managed to thrive in rigidly con- An anti-Castro adventurer who trained Banister coterie of sleuths. To a States- foreign press, CMC was an obscure but The true nature of the group raided at servative Dallas. According to an in- in the Florida Keys prior to the assassi- Item reporter he admitted he was CIA. well-financed firm that was ousted from Lake Pontchartrain was not evident formant who was present, several nation claims that by November 22, The Friends of Democratic Cuba was from the story. The FBI announced no Minutemen decided to ambush Marcus 1963, there was not one but several para- founded January 9, 1961, less than two row Italy by the police because it was sus- military teams gunning for Kennedy. wain on PHONE (415) 981-5688 pected of being a CIA front. It trans- arrests, and the wife of the property outside of Dallas, because "another weeks before the Bolton Ford incident. Please send me the rondo cylin- planted its operation to the more friendly owner, Mrs. William J. McLaney, gave assassination in Dallas would be too They had been in contact, he said, with It was intended as a kind of American der clock in finish checked. "wealthy backers who wanted to see auxiliary to Arcacha's all-Cuban Revo- (Indicate 1st and 2nd choice) climate of Johannesburg, South Africa, out the cover story that the premises had much." Again, there was a leak and the 0 Teak 0 Pigskin O Sharkskin where it still functions: been loaned to a newly-arrived Cuban plan fell through. However, as the Kennedy dead and had been given lutionary Front, and Arcacha was instru- money to do the job." ❑ I enclose ;40 ($39 plus $1 for The same group that incorporated named Jose Juarez as a favor to friends Warren Report might phrase it, such mental in its creation. Government ad- Postage & ins.)Calif.res.add 5% CMC also set up a firm called Permidex in Cuba. (McLaney had been well- schemes "establish the propensity to (THE MAKING OF A PATSY) visors to the Friends, says an informant Name Corporation in Switzerland, but that who was closely involved with the known as a gambler associated with the kill" on the part of the radical right. Address company was dissolved by the Swiss Tropicana Hotel in Havana before being "Minutemen" has become an almost N JANUARY 20, 1961, TWO MEN group, were a CIA man named Logan government when it was proved to be a ousted by Castro in 1960.) generic term for the paramilitary right, approached Oscar W. Deslatte, and the FBI's Regis Kennedy, who in- Zip conduit for funds destined for the Secret According to information leaked to a for from homogenous movement. 0 assistant manager of the Bolton voked executive privilege when ques- Army Organization (OAS), a group of Garrison by another government agency, Some elements are driven primarily by Ford Truck Center in New Orleans, and tioned not long ago by the New Orleans haVePhillt identified themselves as members of the grand jury looking into the assassina-

52 RAMPARTS RAMPARTS 33 longings in the garage was a barrel that been to this house before" (Decker Ex- lion. The Friends were short-lived, and he said, a man who "could do anything had, said Deputy Buddy Walthers, "a hibit No. 5323). the Front slowly dissolved after the like getting underground in Cuba, like lot of these little leaflets in it, 'Freedom Why Oswald's anti-Castro comrades abortive Bay of Pigs invasion. The die- killing Castro" (Vol. 11, pp. 367-389). for Cuba' " (Vol. 7, p. 548). And at his decided to make him the patsy is open to building hard remnants of these moribund groups Just before the WarWarren Report went to celebrated press conference the night of conjecture. Perhaps he balked at going world formed the Free Cuba movement. press, the FBI located three men possibly the assassination, DA Henry Wade let through with the assassination. Perhaps peace The Secret Service stumbled upon the identical with Mrs. Odio's provocative it slip that "Oswald is a member of the $ Free Cuba group in its hectic post-as- visitors. Some three weeks after the visit, they did not trust him and suspected he Free Cuba Committee." He was im- sassination inquiries at 544 Camp Street, Loren Eugene Hall and William Sey- was an infiltrator. The most likely ex- — a pamphlet discussing: mour had been arrested by the Dallas mediately "corrected" by Jack Ruby planation is a pragmatic one: they but apparently the T-men were com- • the limitations of sodolinn, pletely sold on Oswald's left-wing orien- police on a technical narcotics charge. who had mingled with the press: "No, needed a patsy and he was the ideal can- he is a member of the Fair Play for Cuba didate. To make the assassination look pacifism • a definition of loyolty to tation and never thought to connect him Significantly, their arrest record bore the the Ina, the world. and Hse future ■ Committee." like the work of an avowed Marxist and with a right-wing outfit. Learning that notation: "Active in the anti-Castro the taro celled Hie "united Melons" Deputy Walthers added a final link. In "Cuban revolutionaries" had occupied movement ... Committee to Free Cuba." Castro sympathizer would have been a • bnplkotions of Me U.S, attack on a "Supplementary Investigative Report" space at that address, Secret Service men G-men traced them and a companion, propaganda tour de force. "Even so," Vietnam • technoshock and Hahne- dated November 23, 1963, he stated that Ng • what is to be Ione... talked to a Cuban exile accountant who Lawrence Howard Jr, to the west coast. offers Garrison, "I think the big money he had advised Dallas Secret Service said that "those Cubans were members Hall admitted to the FBI that he, backers of the plot were a little disap- Chief Forrest Sorrels that "for the past by Charles Hook, (mammal young spokesman of organizations known as 'Crusade to Howard and Seymour had been to see pointed. Oswald was supposed to be few months at a house at 3128 Harlen- killed trying to escape, and if those Cu- for the ma internationalism, and previously Free Cuba Committee' and 'Cuban Rev- Mrs. Odio, whose apartment he correctly national chaitnal of the Student Peace Mem. dale some Cubans had been having olutionary Council.' " Arcacha, the ac- located on Magellan Circle, "to ask her ban and Soviet visas he applied for but meetings on the week ends and were countant related, was authorized to sign assistance in the movement," presum- didn't get could have been found on his P.O. Box 639 possably [sic] connected with the 'Free- checks on both accounts (CE 3119). ably the Free Cuba movement. But body, public opinion against Russia and N.Y. 10009 dom For Cuba Party' of which Oswald He said that Arcacha continued with the Howard, although conceding he was Cuba would have been incited to a . was a member." Three days later, when Free Cuba group even after he had been with Hall in Dallas in late September, dangerous pitch." the Secret Service had evinced no inter- ousted from the CRC (CE 1414). There flatly denied being at Mrs. Odio's. Sey- In the weeks preceding the assassina- est, he wrote a wistful addendum: "I is no record that the Secret Service mour alibied that he was working in tion, there are a number of instances of learned today that sometime between an Oswald double in Dallas who prob- questioned Arcacha about Oswald. Miami Beach at the time; the FBI veri- (run w ■ th ouch order of RnIrtn, World seven days before the President was shot Issost. ehorr SwThoot stttprt- tttlt ■ tit.d It was a grievous omission, for it is fied that pay records of a Miami Beach ably was instrumental in "setting him and the day after he was shot these Cu- Prosttectt, el the Wo. ,otpuotott now manifest that Oswald was inti- firm showed him at work from Septem- up." Gunsmith Dial D. Ryder told the ttrt•sent, pothops the only trttlottttl bans moved from this house. My in- Commission that in early November, orytttruttt for war yunerol pond the mately involved with the Free Cuba ber 5 through October 10. on v■ etoorn in ttotticulct. formant stated that subject Oswald had war group. One indication is implicit in the In a second session with the FBI, Hall someone giving the name Oswald testimony of Mrs. Sylvia Odio, an recanted his admission and claimed he $2.50 (In full color) 24 M5" aristocratic Cuban refugee. When Lee had been mistaken, a turnabout that did BUTTONS! as IMPULSE • BOX 466 Harvey Oswald's picture was flashed on not seem to be viewed too skeptically by A FRIEND WITH WEED IS A TIBURON • CALIF. 94920 television after the assassination, she the G-men. The Bureau closed its inquiry FRIEND INDEED fainted. She explained to the Warren by observing that Seymour bore a strik- ban the bomb symbol Commission that in late September 1963, ing resemblence to Oswald, a meaning- CURE VIRGINITY DOWN WITH PANTS three men appeared unannounced at her less footnote considering that the pay ARLO prima facie THE GOVERNOR OF ALABAMA Dallas apartment seeking assistance for records had been accepted as IS A MOTHER GUTHRIE the anti-Castro movement. The spokes- evidence that he was in Miami Beach JOHNSON'S MOUTH—THE man gave a "war name" that sounded at the relevant time. CREDIBILITY GAP COMES like Leopoldo; a second man was intro- With Seymour "out of the way," the MAKE LOVE—NOT WAR duced as something like Angelo. The Warren Commission had only to dispose marijuana leaf ON! third man was introduced as Leon Os- of the possibility that it was Oswald at MY BUTTON LOVES YOUR BUTTON Mrs. Odio's. It did so by declaring it wald, and Mrs. Odio was certain he was NOBODY FOR PRESIDENT improbable that Oswald could have ,,,_L„77170 the accused assassin. SEXUAL FREEDOM LEAGUE: Unsure of the trio's true allegiance, traveled to Dallas in the limited time be- "LOVE THY NEIGHBOR" t,ttqt_tit-SVIT Mrs. Odio was noncommittal. They left, tween his departure from New Orleans WARNING: YOUR LOCAL POLICE after commenting that they had just ar- and his crossing of the Mexican border. ARE ARMED AND DANGEROUS But the Commission reckoned from sur- WHERE IS LEE HARVEY OSWALD rived from New Orleans and were leav- NOW THAT WE REALLY ing shortly "on a trip." The next face transportation timetables, and there NEED HIM? morning Leopoldo telephoned Mrs. is a suggestion he flew at least part of the WOULD YOU REALLY FEEL MORE Odio with a new sales pitch. "Leon" was way. Mrs. Horace Twiford of Houston SECURE WITH ME IN UNIFORM) an ex-Marine, he said. "He told us we stated that in late September, when Os- PEACE ENJOY wald telephoned her husband, he com- Today in Mississippi: (with drawing) LXIX don't have any guts, you Cubans, be- STONED 1 cause President Kennedy should have mented that he "had only a few hours" Today in Mississippi a black boycott is black people for the black community. The UNBUTTON ! been assassinated after the Bay of Pigs before "flying to Mexico" (CE 2335). documented on film. In a population or purpose: to overcome isolation and provide 250 each; 541; 12/121 ALICE'S RESTAURANT The post-assassination search at the almost one million black people, there are a comnaunications tool for black movement A 50/55; 125/S10 Arlo Guthrie R/RS 6267 . . . It is easy to do. He has told us." still only two trained cameramen. In 1968 leadership. Our mods: 518,000. Any combination When his listener became upset at talk of Irving premises of Ruth and Michael Southern Media Inc will train three more FREE LIST! reprise killing Kennedy, Leopoldo remarked Paine, with whom Marina had been and put film equipment in their hands. Southern Media Inc egf • staying, yielded another tie to the Free With your help, three films will be made by 45 Carmel Street San Francisco, California SUB- that it would be just as easy to kill the Box 3365 Midway, Washington 98031 Cuban Premier. Leon was an expert shot, Cuba movement. Among Oswald's be-

RAMPARTS 55 54 RAMPARTS brought in a rifle to have a telescopic going to have to go back to Russia to buy a car" (Report, p. 320). THERE'S GOING TO BE A PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN 1968 Why frustrate Yourself any longer -, sight mounted; he produced a repair tag Given a lie detector test by the FBI, Why let a few high olficials have all the fun'' in that name as confirmation (Report, SHOULDN'T WE GET INTO IT? Ncw you too can play CREDIBILITY GAP. p. 315). Garland G. Slack and other Bogard's responses were those "normally the slashing and thlmlohs new game target shooters patronizing the Sports expected of a person telling the truth." for all patriotic Americans Drome Rifle Range reported that a man Nevertheless, the Warren Commission We don't stand a chance of electing our candidates—let's be clear on that. The Johnsons and Nixons will remain resembling Oswald had practiced there dismissed the incident by noting that in power. But for years we have voted for lesser evil "peace" candidates and have gotten war policies. It's time as late as November; the man made him- Oswald supposedly could not operate an to vote for candidates who will represent us. It's time to declare our political independence. self obvious, at one time incurring automobile and that on November 9 he Foreign war and domestic crises have sent shock waves through American society. The 1968 elections can Slack's displeasure by firing on his tar- allegedly spent the day drafting a be meaningful only if these tremors are felt within the electoral process itself. The old bi-partisan policies have get (Report, pp. 318-319). lengthy letter to the Soviet Embassy. It An incident at Downtown Lincoln- evidently never considered the possibility produced the crisis we now face. Each voter must be confronted with the choice of remaining a part of that old game, or helping to build something new. Mercury is highly revealing. Immedi- someone might be impersonating Os- ately after the assassination, salesman wald. But Bogard will never identify the Albert Guy Bogard reported to the FBI impersonator. He stuck to his story in In California, we are working to qualify a new party—THE PEACE & FREEDOM PARTY—for the ballot. To that a man giving the name Lee Oswald, news interviews, and subsequently was succeed, we must register 67,000 voters Into the party. This will permit us to run an Independent candidate who closely resembled the accused as- beaten to within an inch of his life by an against Johnson and the Republican nominee. Play sassin, came into the showroom on No- unknown assailant and arrested by the vember 9. Remarking that in several Dallas police on seemingly trumped-up weeks he would have the money to make bad check charges. He retreated to his Californians: REGISTER PEACE & FREEDOM the purchase, he test-drove an expensive native Louisiana, where on St. Valen- CREDIBILITY model on the Stemmons Freeway at 60 tine's Day 1966, he was found dead of to 70 miles an hour. Both Bogard and exhaust fumes in his automobile. CAMPAIGN WE STAND FOR another salesman, Oren Brown, wrote The main ingredients of the patsy ENDORSERS PEACE... (Partial ilst) down the name Oswald so that they theory are wrapped up in a story that has AND FREEDOM No government has Robert Amtklan gradually filtered out of Leavenworth lea right to play policeman In the world In recent years, Ma most Important and Impressive fight for GAP would remember him if he called back. by Intervening on one side or another In an internal conflict In Lucille Birnbaum freedom In America has been the fight of black people. Other Penitentiary. The story is that of inmate any other country. Farrel Broslawsky A third salesman, Eugene M. Wilson, Americans came here as voluntary Immigrants looking for a any Americans Itualtect Mat• M. Lev Our government had no right to sand American troops to Roam Chomsky M Richard Case Nagell, and paradoxically, better Ills, anxious to retain parts of their native culture while portant of In Washington hove ecalled that when the man purporting Vietnam in the Met place. Now that half a million American Lawrence Cannelloni amimilating at their own speed Into American Me. But black ben having • grand old time tossing out the most cogent confirmation for it is the soldiers are In Vietnam. the government mya they must stay W. H. Ferry to be Oswald was told he would need a People came here In chains, kidnapped into Meyer, forcibly fibs on every conceivable topic. Ii you're.. "until the enemy agrees to negotiate—and perhaps longer, manner in which he wound up sentenced stripped of their native culture and forbidden to assimilate any Peter Franck of these Americans, here at last is your credit rating, he snapped, "Maybe I'm It the enemy doesn't say the right thing at the negotiating table. to ten years in federal custody. more of American culture than simeholders wanted them to. Barbara Gerson chance to join In the fun. We believe that Oa United States had no business In Viet- Frank Halpern nam in the fleet place, has no businma there now. and ought Now black people, who have been entirely powerless through- This fast -moving remit invented by two Nagell was a highly decorated infantry out American hietory, have begun to organize themselves under Michael Hannon to get out. can only get out of Vietnam by repudiating the angry professors, permit. you to uncover an We Morris Hirsch captain in the Korean War who, he present political leadership which ”committee in without our the slogan -black power'. In preparation for sell-determination enterteinhig variety of bureaucratic untruths claims, subsequently became a CIA knowledge and against our Interest. Once we Savo done our In their own communities. We support than efforts to do so. Saul Landau and win your way to the Truth Vault. PROTEST thane will be no problem in Breen in' •• cease-lira so that our It is not only black Americans who find themselves lase tree Paul Jacobs What, In the boat Two sate of canes — a BUTTONS! agent. It is a matter of record that in troops can be withdrawn In a calm, orderly Mellon. than they ought to be. From University students to people on Gabriel Kollto Citizens' playing dealt end an Administration 1957 he was seriously injured in a plane American foreign policy and the premises upon which It is relief, from manual workers to salaried professionals, Ameri- Irving F. Wicks pack of flee. 4 liberty-bell caunters, 90 truth based must be repudiated. We will work our an end to the cold mns in the last few years have been Increasingly reluctant to Hope McGrath freebies, dim. nil. and a colorful game crash in Cambodia, which tends to sup- war, and will oppose U.S. military Intervention throughout the let themselves be key-punched and programmed. and increas- J. B. Nielands NAPALM MAKES MILLIONAIRES • board ricAty twinkled with smelting In- world. Our country has become a leading obstacle to the devel- ingly relay to light back against the power structures set over Am Paulin CAUTION: MILITARY SERVICE MAY port his contention, since Cambodia was oping aspirations for freedom, equality, and sell-determination scription., them. We support and encourage all their struggles for dignity Limns PautIng BE HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH • not exactly a tourist playground. On of peoples, particularly in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. and freedom. pumeadly cempatitIvef TeD Iltreteggf DI Carl Rogers "WHAT ME WORRY?" (photo LIIJ grinain3) Robert Scheer mune. Adult? Very! — yet simple eneugn for September 20, 1963, Nagell walked into SAVE LIVES NOT FACE • "HAD • 13.ymr old to enjoy as well. Two, three • a bank in El Paso, Texas, fired a gun into Franz Schurrnann ENOUGH?" (photo Reagan smiling) • Phil Shapiro or four can play Individually or as teams. The war In Vietnam and racial unrest at home will be Inc key Issues of the 1508 campaign. We must demand the right to enter Anyone can coma from behind to win with COME BACK TRUMAN, ALL IS FOR- the ceiling, and then sat outside waiting Stophen Small GIVEN • MY GOD 15 ALIVE, SORRY the debate, and to vote for candidates who believe Mat the United States 'should get out of Vietnam and start building a demo- dramatic surd . Gam. One: 30 to 90 to be arrested. He says he staged the cratic society here at home. John Seating ABOUT YOURS • IS THERE INTELLI- minuMs. affair because he wanted to be in custody Jack Weinberg Price. $5.95 Unconditionally marenteed. GENT LIFE ON EARTH? • Peace symbol Richard White Smile and chuckle mm the game for • week. • peace dove" or wreath. as an alibi when the assassination took Than. If you can bear to Pert with IL ref°. place. It was a desperate measure, he ad- It and we'll and beck all your randy. SNOOPY SNIFFS AEROPLANE GLUE • CALIFORNIANS Our time Is short. We have to get our 67,000 regietretione in California FLOWER POWER. • END POVERTY, mits. But he had sent a registered letter in a few weeks. Money could molly make the difference between success and 1) Register PEACE AND FREEDOM. You can register at any firehouse or court GIVE ME $10 • WE LOVE YOU, CHARLIE failure. Every dollar we gel now Is worth ten doll.. Iwo weeks from now. Send to J. Edgar Hoover warning him of the house. Your county probably ha* PEACE AND FREEDOM registration Orly, com- BROWN • KEEP AMERICA GREEN, checks payeble to California Peace and Freedom Party Organizing Committee, r impending assassination, which he says mittee. with their own deputy registrars. AMHERST GAME COMPANY PLANT GRASS. • EVEN I LIKE SEX • A P.O. Box 881, Berkeley, California 84701. Can South Pleasant Street PILL IN TIME SAVES NINE • LOVE. • was then scheduled for the latter part of /Un bend, Mess. 0I1102 21 Get active In a PEACE AND FREEDOM committee In your area. If there isn't Clip and mall to: I'M NO. 1, I DON'T TRY AT ALL • POT' September (probably the 26th in Wash- one now, help start one. For lusher Information, contact one of the following Gentlemen: I enclose 55.95 Pm 550 • CLEAN AIR SMELLS FUNNY • BAN ington, D.C.), and the letter had gone organizations: Arad. mt. THE BRA • CHASTITY IS ITS OWN California PEACE AND FREEDOM Party lntopertee_ K"Mgy ff•y_ AittI ttri Berkeley Community kw New Politics ri I mum MI send It back at the PUNISHMENT • LSD: FLY UNITED' • unanswered. Organizing Committee PEACE AND FREEDOM Regletrellon Committee nit ef ZAPS YOU'RE STERILE* Box 8111 fund In afark sod P"'". There is an incredibly brief FBI inter- 2214 Grove Street, Berkeley, California 'Button has groovy artwork. Berkeley. California 94701 Name view report stating, in part, that on De- (416) 545-000 Larsen selection in U.S., OVER 5th TITLES cember 19, 1963, Nagell advised, "For L.A. PEACE AND FREEDOM Registration Committee I would Ilke more information. Address at 250 each. I/41,200425. FREE LIST! 4487 West Pico Boulevard the record he would like to say that his I am Interested in helping start a drive In my comment), and would City Los Angeles. California State Zip like Information on how to begin. POSTERS tool Rock groups, Elm Dam, association with OSWALD (meaning (213) 93E9471 Enclosed Is my contribution of S to help make the California wGIFT IDEA. Endows $16.95 end wit le psychedelic, etc. S., brinp list LEE HARVEY OSWALD) was purely three coulee of Credibility Sep — drive a success. ARIES social and that he had met him in Mexico an shipping cm. Mid hy at OTHERS 92.35. Same refund guarantee. Box 666R Apt., California 95003 Name RI _I City and in Texas" (CD 197). Another If we succeed In California, It will almost certainly guaranthe • parlous inde- Pendent presidential campaign In 195e. Find out how to get a third party on the Address ballot In your stele and Mart organizing. (Don't be scared by the Callloroia laws, which me about the toughest in the country. Your mate Is likely to have mush City and State 7Ip eaglet requiremente.) 56 RAMPARTS

report states that when the prisoner was foreign countries under the authorization ters of the Free Cuba group. The Com- Lively match the bullets in the dead offi- Car 95 ordered, "Send me another squad being led from court on January 24, of the Defense Intelligence Agency. He mission's star witness in fingering Oswald cer's body with Oswald's revolver, they over here to Tenth and Crawford to 1964, he "made wild accusations to news- states that the files of the FBI and the was Mrs. Helen Markham, a billing that did determine that three bullets were of check out this church basement." paper reporters, accusing the FBI of not CIA contain information that Oswald precipitated strong dissent among some one manufacture, the fourth of another, At this point Car 223 burst in excited- attempting to prevent the auusination was using the aliases Albert Hidel and staff members, notably Wesley Lieheler while the four recovered shell casings of President Kennedy .. ." (CD 404). Aleksei Hidel. He charges that the FBI ly, "He's in the library on Jefferson east who called her testimony"contradictory" were evenly divided between the two 500 block . . . I'm going around back, That the charges may not be so wild is illegally seized from him evidence crucial and "worthless" (Inquest, p. 109). Al- manufacturers. The Commission wrig- get somebody around the front, get them indicated by the fact that the government to his defense, such as notebooks con- though ballistics tests could not posi- gled out of this dilemma by wildly here fast." The dispatcher complied, and threw the book at Nagell, a first offender taining the names of certain CIA em- speculating that five shots were fired, one Car 19 soon affirmed, "We're all at the who says he expected to be charged only ployees, photographs, two Mexican completely missing (Report, p. 172). library." There was no suspect at the with discharging a firearm on govern- tourist cards (one in the name Joseph Moreover, the police radio logs de- library, but the Abundant Life Temple ment-protected property. Since his sen- Kramer, the other in the name Albert scribe a killer other than Oswald. Ser- had been spared a shakedown. tencing, he has been shuttled between Hidel), and receipts for registered mail, geant Gerald Hill alerted all cars that The grave problem, of course, was Leavenworth and the federal medical including the one for the letter sent "Shells at the scene indicate the suspect how to eliminate Oswald, who knew too center (a euphemism for mental institu- Hoover warning of the assassination. is armed with an automatic .38 rather much. This was where Jack Ruby came tion) at Springfield, Missouri. While the When Nagell complains he has been than a pistol" (presumably, Hill noted in. Although the Warren Commission government has suggested in court that "salted away" because of what he Digest the distinctive marks made by the ejector pictured Ruby as a blustery night club his airplane crash mentally affected knows, he just might be making the un- In the Winter Issue of an automatic). In the same vein, operator with a soft spot in his heart for Nagell, the fact remains that he was derstatement of the year. Patrolman IC L. Summers announced, dogs and dames, who killed Oswald on given intelligence training afterthe crash. from Latin America [THE ELIMINATION OP A PATSY] "He's apparently armed with a .32 dark an impulse of one-man justice, the real What Nagell alleges is damning not only Marxism-Leninism vs. Castroism finish automatic pistol...." First flashes Ruby was no buffoon. The fiction that to the FBI, but to the CIA. In brief, "I DIDN'T KILL ANYBODY ... just from the USSR had the killer with "black wavy hair" he executed Oswald out of compassion he says that the motive for the assassina- a patsy," Oswald shouted to news- Underground Bolshevik Call Min MN SUN and a "white shirt," certainly not a de- for the Kennedy family was conjured up IMIS 1st Arc, Mdse., Cols w81.1 tion was Kennedy's move in the direction men while in police custody. A from Indonesia scription of Oswald that day (Sawyer by his first attorney, the late Tom How- I es NOW. 7_ hs. of a rapprochement with Castro, which marked patsy, contends Garrison—one - Communist Party Self-Criticism Exhibit No. A, pp. 396-397). And the ard. "Joe, you should know this," Ruby AM ESe for pest. IS Wake was a rank betrayal in the eyes of who was not supposed to have lived long best placed eyewitness, Domingo Bens- scribbled to a succeeding attorney, Joe ItAIIF anti-Castro elements. As he puts it, an enough to utter his cry of innocence. But from Vietnam Wave vides, described a killer quite different Tonahill. "Tom Howard told me to say anti-Castro group in New Orleans and something had misfired, and Oswald fell U.S. Defeat Inevitable 0171 RATS--Z1/ from Oswald: "I remember the back of that I shot Oswald so that Caroline and Mexico City, code name Bravo Club, not into the hands of his would-be exe- WORLD REVOLUTION Dept. NYR his head seemed like his hairline sort of Mrs. Kennedy wouldn't have to come decided to give Kennedy a "Christmas cutioners, but into the comparative P.O. Box 208, Church Street Station went square instead of tapered off—it to Dallas to testify. OK?" present" to be delivered September 26, a safety of the Dallasjail. The denouement New York. N.Y. 10008 Please enter ...subscriptiOn(s) for 1 year to kind of went down and squared off and In a memorandum dealing with his date that was postponed. A party was presented a crisis that the conspirators Wodd Revolution st $2.00 each. made his head look flat in back." background, Ruby specialists on the required. Two members of Bravo Club could solve only by pressing police buff Name Garrison posits that the real killer hid Commission compiled a list of persons NUDE approached Oswald while he was work- Jack Ruby into service. Address in a cavernous building at the corner of seemingly "the most promising sources ing at the Reify coffee firm in New Or- Although the Warren Commission Zip. PSYCHOTHERAPY City Slate Tenth and Crawford which in 1963 was of contact between Ruby and politically leans in the summer of 1963, and ap- concluded that Oswald ducked into his known as the Abundant Life Temple. In motivated groups interested in securing pealed to his ego in setting him up as the Oak Cliff rooming house to pick up the an aerial view of the area, the Commis- the assassination of President Kennedy" patsy. When the "delivery" site was .38 revolver, later confiscated from him PROGRESSIVE sion traced the killer's escape path from (CE 2980). Included were Ruby's sister, shifted to Dallas, Bravo Club enlisted in the Texas Theater, it did not explain LABOR PL the scene near Tenth and Patton to Jef- Eva Grant, and a brother, Earl, of the aid of a Dallas "subsidiary," Delta why, if he had gone to work at the School ferson Boulevard one block south, Detroit, who sent "a telegram of undis- Club. Book Depository that morning intend- People's War Is Inevitable thence to the Texaco service station one closed nature to Havana, Cuba, April 1, Meanwhile the CIA got wind of the ing to kill the President and escape, MuchoDebrisfrom Regis Debray block west at Jefferson and Crawford. A 1962" and made "calls to Welsh [sic] plans and sent several agents into the he did not take the revolver with him. Analysis of Key U.S. Strikes "white jacket" was found at the rear of Candy Company" in Belmont, Massa- field to ascertain whether they were "for That he made a beeline to his rooming Notes from the Detroit Rebellion the station, which the Commission said chusetts, then owned by Birch Society real." Nagell says he was one of the house for the sole purpose of getting the PI-, national organ of the Progressive was Oswald's. Consequently, it had the founder Robert Welch. Also listed by the agents dispatched. Within a short time, revolver speaks of a man who desper- LaborParty, offers Marxist-Leninist an- alysis from the factories, campuses, killer reverse his path so as to bring him Commission was Thomas Hill, an "offi- he claims, he was pulled in. It had been ately wanted to protect himself from from rebelling ghettos and the Impov- back onto Jefferson and proceeding in a cial of the John Birch Society" in Bel- treacherous comrades rather than from verified that the plans were authentic, erished farms. Future Issues include: westerly direction toward the theater mont whose name was in Jack Ruby's that "gusanos [anti-Castroites] were the police. Notwithstanding the mild re- NYC Welfare—the Caseworkers' Re- Now available! A personal de- (CE 1968). notebook, and Lamar Hunt, the son of making the watch tick," and that the sistance he put up in his refuge in the port, Appalachia from the Inside, Wil- tailed account of the first ex- liam Sfyron vs. Nat Turner and more. Rejecting this arbitrary reconstruction, H. L. Hunt, who subsequently denied perimental NUDE PSYCHO- sum of the plot was right-wing in nature. Texas Theater, Oswald's demeanor in Garrison points out that the killer could knowing Ruby. THERAPY marathon, written by Nagell says that he was instructed to custody gave every indication that he PROGRESSIVE LABOR Dept.NYR have proceeded straight ahead from the Ruby was an admirer of General Ed- a participant, reveals the hap- "arrow" the patsy, that is kill him, after would resolve the great riddle—given G.P.O. Box 808, Brooklyn N.Y. 11201 penings at a scientifically con- rear of the Texaco station, across an win A. Walker. He told former Okla- the assassination. At this point, he con- the time. I am interested In receiving ...copies of ducted weekend session involv- PL at 501; alley and into the rear door of the Abun- homa City police detective Cliff Rob tends, he got cold feet and bailed out. "I Oswald does not appear to be the only ing 3 nudists and 17 non- keels) to PL at S2 50 yearly dant Life Temple. This view is corrob- twigshotehadthe bemetnshhhiredoirt Watasylkaerlktero nudists. Only $1. would rather be arrested than commit double-cross victim of that bloody after- PLP East newspaper Challenges* S2 lolY orated by police radio logs. Shortly after investigatees murder and treason," he declared in a noon: the evidence is persuasive that PLP West newspaper Spark ally Yearly Name 1:40 p.m., Sergeant Hill came on the air: in April 1963, that Walker was "100 per self-prepared petition for habeas corpus. someone other than the accused assassin "A witness reports that he last was seen cent right" about Castro's Cuba and it ELYSIUM birthing In the petition, Nagell asserts that he killed Officer J. D. Tippit, a friend of Address aI seS Isbes® wow DEPTRMIMM I in the Abundant Life Temple about the should be "blown out of the ocean." Las Maas. ea. used the pseudonyms Robert Nolan and City Slate .. Zip „ . Jack Ruby, whose patrol area included 400 block. We are fixing to go in and William McEwan Duff, who served as Joseph Kramer in the U.S. and three the Harlandale Street section headquar- shake it down." On an alternate channel, the retired general's "Batman" from

58 RAMPARTS RAMPARTS 59

60 RAMPARTS RAMPARTS 60

L L

✓ ✓

HUMANITY: ARCHITECT OR VICTIM OF HISTORY? HISTORY? OF VICTIM OR ARCHITECT HUMANITY:

City City

Address Address

Name Name

With 51,000,000 51,000,000 With

MILLION DOLLARS DOLLARS MILLION

C C

Wanted to Speed Success of the World Constitutional Constitutional World the of Success Speed to Wanted can take the offensive to declare and enforce peace. peace. enforce and declare to offensive the take can

opportunity to join in creating the institutions which are required to end war by by war end to required are which institutions the creating in join to opportunity

You have witnessed the futility of trying to stop war by protest alone. Here is the the is Here alone. protest by war stop to trying of futility the witnessed have You

September 10, 1968, at Interlaken, Switzerland. Delegates are already pledged pledged already are Delegates Switzerland. Interlaken, at 1968, 10, September

uniting the people of Earth under a world government designed to serve the the serve to designed government world a under Earth of people the uniting

develop this plan for all that it is worth as a a as worth is it that all for plan this develop

The date and place for the first working sessions are fixed for August 27 to to 27 August for fixed are sessions working first the for place and date The

welfare of all. all. of welfare

to attend from 40 countries. Others are invited. Now we need enough money to to money enough need we Now invited. are Others countries. 40 from attend to

* Prepare a world economic development organization for the benefit of the the of benefit the for organization development economic world a Prepare *

* *

* Publish a monthly monthly a Publish *

* Organize local groups and national branches to help elect delegates, build build delegates, elect help to branches national and groups local Organize *

* Carry on a world-wide publicity campaign in the magazines and papers of of papers and magazines the in campaign publicity world-wide a on Carry *

* Send envoys to all continents to obtain action by people, and support of of support and people, by action obtain to continents all to envoys Send * • •

Return to: World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention Convention Constitutional World a for Committee World to: Return

drafting a World Constitution. Constitution. World a drafting

Help pay the expenses of delegates from poorer countries. countries. poorer from delegates of expenses the pay Help

countries which join the World Federation. Federation. World the join which countries Pay the costs of of costs the Pay and a World Magna Charts. Charts. Magna World a and

8800 West 14th Ave., Denver, Colo. 80215 Phone (303) 233-3548 233-3548 (303) Phone 80215 Colo. Denver, Ave., 14th West 8800

discuss discuss

smaller group commissioned to complete drafting the World Constitution Constitution World the drafting complete to commissioned group smaller

support, and follow through. through. follow and support,

many countries. countries. many

friendly governments and parliaments. parliaments. and governments friendly

P.S.—We invite applications for additional staff and volunteer help. help. volunteer and staff additional for applications invite P.S.—We

I am interested in backing the plan for a World Constitutional Conven- Constitutional World a for plan the backing in interested am I tion and Peoples World Parliament. Please send full full send Please Parliament. World Peoples and tion

I am interested in becoming a delegate. Send details. details. Send delegate. a becoming in interested am I

FRONTIERS, plus 5 sheets of stamps in color.) color.) in stamps of sheets 5 plus FRONTIERS,

Pnclosed is 555 555 is Pnclosed

• •

ion and Peoples World Parliament In 1968 1968 In Parliament World Peoples and ion

in depth all issues connected connected issues all depth in

ht. ht.

C C 13800 W 11 11 W 13800 C C

or fractions thereof we we thereof fractions or

Peoples Wodd Pathameot Pathameot Wodd Peoples

continuing after the first two weeks at Interlaken for a a for Interlaken at weeks two first the after continuing

Switzerland, August, 1968 1968 August, Switzerland,

periodical (Across Frontiers) to report the action and and action the report to Frontiers) (Across periodical

eml stomps'. stomps'. eml

State State

Ave, Ave,

right nowl ($6 subscribes to ACROSS ACROSS to subscribes ($6 nowl right

with a Peoples World Parliament and and Parliament World Peoples a with

()cum, U. NSA NSA U. ()cum,

coarse of of coarse

,c161 51 Cg1 Cg1 51 ,c161

will: will:

action by which people people which by action

information. information.

Zip Zip

.

1 1

jeeps located in Shreveport, La., and and La., Shreveport, in located jeeps

asked about the possible release of pris- of release possible the about asked oners from a Cuban prison" (p. 369). 369). (p. prison" Cuban a from oners

ries, as a middleman, concerning the the concerning middleman, a as ries,

named Robert Ray McKeown, known known McKeown, Ray Robert named

Ruby had telephoned a Houston man man Houston a telephoned had Ruby

mented. The Warren Report advises that that advises Report Warren The mented. Odom, "so I called him—or the manager manager the him—or called I "so Odom, out of it and maintained he and Shaw Shaw and he maintained and it of out

called him ... He came over to the hotel hotel the to over came He ... him called

vision, Odom left Anderson completely completely Anderson left Odom vision,

sought to explain the legal materiality of of materiality legal the explain to sought

told to a national audience on CBS tele- CBS on audience national a to told and we talked." The manager of the the of manager The talked." we and in January 1959, just after Castro took took Castro after just 1959, January in

possible sale to Cuba of some surplus surplus some of Cuba to sale possible

people. "He suggested Mr. Shaw," said said Shaw," Mr. suggested "He people.

manager of the Roosevelt Hotel who who Hotel Roosevelt the of manager versions of the story, including the one one the including story, the of versions Clay Shaw's notebook in terms of an an of terms in notebook Shaw's Clay

moved from Dallas. In subsequent subsequent In Dallas. from moved

power, "Ruby made preliminary inqui- preliminary made "Ruby power, entry, "Lee Odom, PO Box 19106, 19106, Box PO Odom, "Lee entry, to promote a bull fight" and asked the the asked and fight" bull a promote to

In 1966, he was in New Orleans "trying "trying Orleans New in was he 1966, In

Roosevelt was Anderson, who had had who Anderson, was Roosevelt Dallas to explain away the coincidence. coincidence. the away explain to Dallas a strange coincidence, it can be noted noted be can it coincidence, strange a

few days a Lee Odom came forth in in forth came Odom Lee a days few address book, and theorized that it it that theorized and book, address

had introduced themselves at a bar. bar. a at themselves introduced had as Dallas Minutemen. Since no facet of of facet no Since Minutemen. Dallas as

Sergio Areacha Smith, formerly of 544 544 of formerly Smith, Areacha Sergio

that when Carousel Club passholder Sue Sue passholder Club Carousel when that Camp Street, New Orleans. Orleans. New Street, Camp

Adolphus Hotel. Last May, Garrison Garrison May, Last Hotel. Adolphus

unlisted telephone number. Within a a Within number. telephone unlisted

might be a coded version of Ruby's Ruby's of version coded a be might Anderson, at the time manager of the the of manager time the at Anderson,

might put him in contact with the right right the with contact in him put might

sons he favored with permanent passes passes permanent with favored he sons

a passel of local businessmen. But there there But businessmen. local of passel a

is also W. F. (Bill) Alexander, the hard- the Alexander, (Bill) F. W. also is responded to "PO 19106" in Oswald's Oswald's in 19106" "PO to responded "on the basis of about once a month, month, a once about of basis the "on

Blake vacated her apartment, 10746D 10746D apartment, her vacated Blake

each time in the company of two uniden- two of company the in time each

Lake Gardens, the next occupant was was occupant next the Gardens, Lake

tified white males" (CE 2389). 2389). (CE males" white tified ances can be found in the list of 66 per- 66 of list the in found be can ances

dressed only as "Jack," visited Walker Walker visited "Jack," as only dressed

to the Carousel Club. There is of course course of is There Club. Carousel the to

the investigation seems complete without without complete seems investigation the

Dallas, Tex." He pointed out that it cor- it that out pointed He Tex." Dallas,

Secret Service that Ruby, Ruby, that Service Secret

men pegged by a Garrison investigator investigator Garrison a by pegged men

bitten Dallas assistant DA, and three three and DA, assistant Dallas bitten

late 1962 to early 1963, advised the the advised 1963, early to 1962 late

Ruby's affinity affinity Ruby's

Also on the pass list is H. H. (Andy) (Andy) H. H. is list pass the on Also

A cross-section of Ruby's acquaint- Ruby's of cross-section A

for for

Cuba is well-docu- is Cuba

who was was who

ad-

guest of a close friend and known gam- known and friend close a of guest

credulity. "Ruby traveled to Havana as as Havana to traveled "Ruby credulity.

bler, Lewis J. McWillie," the Report Report the McWillie," J. Lewis bler,

Club. Club.

to Cuba in September 1959 also strains strains also 1959 September in Cuba to

Las Vegas and founded the Horseshoe Horseshoe the founded and Vegas Las

Benny (Cowboy) Binion, who moved to to moved who Binion, (Cowboy) Benny

Dallas rackets a couple of decades ago ago decades of couple a rackets Dallas

is no lightweight: in the heyday of the the of heyday the in lightweight: no is he ran with a crowd whose luminary was was luminary whose crowd a with ran he

about the "jeep deal," and an inability inability an and deal," "jeep the about on the part of Mrs. Matthews to re- to Matthews Mrs. of part the on

member the long distance call, the Com- the call, distance long the member

from Matthews that he knew anything anything knew he that Matthews from

mission ran out of curiosity. Matthews Matthews curiosity. of out ran mission

on October 3, 1963. But with a denial denial a with But 1963. 3, October on

several months later went back to the the to back went later months several

in Shreveport received a lengthy tele- lengthy a received Shreveport in Cuban capital for a year. It also makes makes also It year. a for capital Cuban

phone call from Ruby's Carousel Club Club Carousel Ruby's from call phone the correlation that Matthews' ex-wife ex-wife Matthews' that correlation the as a "passing acquaintance" of Ruby's, Ruby's, of acquaintance" "passing a as

gambler Russell D. Matthews, described described Matthews, D. Russell gambler

a communist. communist. a

returned to Dallas from Havana, then then Havana, from Dallas to returned

Cuban Premier was about to surface as as surface to about was Premier Cuban

ing the period of the jeep negotiations, negotiations, jeep the of period the ing

may have detected signs that the new new the that signs detected have may

100 jeeps, he warned the venturesome venturesome the warned he jeeps, 100

night club owner to call it off. Gatlin Gatlin off. it call to owner club night discloses that the minute Gatlin found found Gatlin minute the that discloses

deal. Minutemen defector Jerry Brooks Brooks Jerry defector Minutemen deal.

out that Ruby proposed to sell Castro Castro sell to proposed Ruby that out

League of the Caribbean scotched the the scotched Caribbean the of League

New Orleans-based Anti-Communism Anti-Communism Orleans-based New

been that Maurice Brooks Gatlin of the the of Gatlin Brooks Maurice that been figure." profitable very a at Castro

"had an option on a great number of of number great a on option an "had

follow through. The reason may have have may reason The through. follow duction, but once again Ruby failed to to failed Ruby again once but duction,

ana, and he desired to sell them to to them sell to desired he and ana,

McKeown agreed to arrange the intro- the arrange to agreed McKeown jeeps which were in Shreveport, Louisi- Shreveport, in were which jeeps

telephone call, Ruby contacted Mc- contacted Ruby call, telephone

Castro. According to McKeown, Ruby Ruby McKeown, to According Castro.

Keown in person, this time offering him him offering time this person, in Keown

$25,000 $25,000

1961, that three Americans had made made had Americans three that 1961,

their way out of jail and back to the the to back and jail of out way their

a Las Vegas, Nevada source (CE 1689). 1689). (CE source Nevada Vegas, Las a

plained by the news report on January 6, 6, January on report news the by plained

United States. But a few weeks after the the after weeks few a But States. United

the prisoner deal, which may be ex- be may which deal, prisoner the

Ruby told McKeown, would come from from come would McKeown, told Ruby offering a total of $15,000 to use his his use to $15,000 of total a offering

influence to obtain the release of three three of release the obtain to influence Americans held in Havana. The money, money, The Havana. in held Americans

throughout Texas as a friend of Castro, Castro, of friend a as Texas throughout

The account given by Ruby of his trip trip his of Ruby by given account The

The Warren Report observes that dur- that observes Report Warren The

McKeown heard nothing more about about more nothing heard McKeown

for a letter of introduction to to introduction of letter a for

Send check or money order to: LORIN GILLETTE DISTRIBUTOR, P.O. But 15125, San Francisco 94115. 94115. Francisco San 15125, But P.O. DISTRIBUTOR, GILLETTE LORIN to: order money or check Send NAMF NAMF

CITY, STATE & ZIP ZIP & STATE CITY,

ADDRESS ADDRESS

I have enclosed $2.50 for a SAN FRANCISCO FRANCISCO SAN a for $2.50 enclosed have I FENCE POSTER to be sent to my home. home. my to sent be to POSTER FENCE

1963 had Ruby visiting Havana via via Havana visiting Ruby had 1963

on April 1, 1962. And word that circu- that word And 1962. 1, April on

lated through Cuban emigre circles in in circles emigre Cuban through lated

an act. Whether Ruby circumvented the the circumvented Ruby Whether act. an question. However, there remains Earl Earl remains there However, question.

Ruby's unexplained telegram to Havana Havana to telegram unexplained Ruby's

travel ban and got to Cuba is a moot moot a is Cuba to got and ban travel

"to pick up an act for the club." When When club." the for act an up pick "to

going to New Orleans and than to Cuba Cuba to than and Orleans New to going

left on a two-week trip, saying he was was he saying trip, two-week a on left

tight-lipped about his trip—and without without trip—and his about tight-lipped

he returned he was uncharacteristically uncharacteristically was he returned he

The The

who frequented the Carousel Club has has Club Carousel the frequented who

told Garrison that in mid-1962 Ruby Ruby mid-1962 in that Garrison told

Tigers," a dreaded private army during during army private dreaded a Tigers,"

was Rolando Masferrer, a former Ba- former a Masferrer, Rolando was

tista official who had headed "The "The headed had who official tista

sitting in Castro's domain. Among the the Among domain. Castro's in sitting

the dictator's regime. regime. dictator's the

Cuban exiles he claimed to be close to to close be to claimed he exiles Cuban

that he was "in with both sides" while while sides" both with "in was he that

with sources inside Cuba, reports that that reports Cuba, inside sources with

a story that he stuck close to the hotel, hotel, the to close stuck he that story a

got bored stiff, and left within a week. week. a within left and stiff, bored got But Thayer Waldo, an old Latin hand hand Latin old an Waldo, Thayer But

cial." Ruby gulled the Commission with with Commission the gulled Ruby cial."

Ruby boasted to at least two Americans Americans two least at to boasted Ruby

declares (p. 370). "Both Ruby and and Ruby "Both 370). (p. declares

McWillie state the trip was purely so- purely was trip the state McWillie

One of the many Dallas police officers officers police Dallas many the of One

this poster to the White House ILlyourne. Join as in our "DEAR "DEAR our in as Join ILlyourne. House White the to poster this

this campaign, we have reduced the price to $1.25. We will send a copy of of copy a send will We $1.25. to price the reduced have we campaign, this

Our Our

PRESIDENT JOHNSON" campamn.7 campamn.7 JOHNSON" PRESIDENT

American. Join as in a peaceful and effective protest. protest. effective and peaceful a in as Join American.

PROTEST PROTEST

'Dear President Johnson' Campaign Campaign Johnson' President 'Dear

SAN FRANCISCO FENCE poster normally retails by mall for $2.50. For For $2.50. for mall by retails normally poster FENCE FRANCISCO SAN

in time of moral crisis is is crisis moral of time in

No cash please. please. cash No

owers are are owers

NAMF NAMF

CITY STATE & ZIP ZIP & STATE CITY

ADDRESS ADDRESS

I have enclosed $1.25 for a SAN FRANCISCO FRANCISCO SAN a for $1.25 enclosed have I FENCE poster to be sent to the White Home. Home. White the to sent be to poster FENCE

stance, are pcolible victims of men. men. of victims pcolible are stance,

Thoughts that Enslave Minds Minds Enslave that Thoughts

its nature, and can quickly quickly can and nature, its

tat tat

every walk of life, com circum- com life, of walk every

day to day mid hour to hour, in in hour, to hour mid day to day °them Can envy. bate and jealousy jealousy and bate envy. Can °them

mind of another? Do Do another? of mind aunt and the moose me of your your of me moose the and aunt

age-old method for mind develop develop mind for method age-old

eaplein eaplein

mite for the free book. book. free the for mite

whoa, aellessoficleoce and p.m of of p.m and aellessoficleoce whoa,

mind have boo boo have mind San dose, California 96114 96114 California dose, San

derstanding of the working of the the of working the of derstanding

innocent victims, All of us from from us of All victims, innocent

human mind. L. the Rosicrocians Rosicrocians the L. mind. human

though the ethereal realm. to claim claim to realm. ethereal the though lam ip man'. body? Mao's life, life, Mao's body? man'. ip lam

thoughts, thoughts,

invisible darts — the evil thougl, thougl, evil the — darts invisible be projected through space from the the from space through projected be

Neared Neared Went inner Peons Peons inner Went

th

happinees. health. end enjoyment of of enjoyment end health. happinees.

?s BOSICHUCIANS BOSICHUCIANS ?s

0o you know the strangest of all all of strangest the know you 0o

Include Your Zip Code Code Zip Your Include

Tortured soul.. Human beings beings Human soul.. Tortured

e e

things of life drownd on bin un bin on drownd life of things

infectiom inomlation. inomlation. infectiom

the the

Poloning, anima we understand understand we anima Poloning,

This This

bon bon

(AMORCI (AMORCI

Scribe Scribe

responsibility of every every of responsibility

FREE FREE

myaterious rays, reach reach rays, myaterious

than corpses. corpses. than

x.B.W. x.B.W.

two two

e

yy acquirt an an acquirt yy

U U

PoedoNeaff PoedoNeaff

Book Book

COPYRIGHT 1967 1967 COPYRIGHT

LORIN GI L LET T E E T LET L GI LORIN

to Oreds by by Oreds to

,weans ,weans

RAMPARTS 61 61 RAMPARTS

from from

-

of of

1962 trip to Cuba concerned gun- concerned Cuba to trip 1962

a hit-and-run driver while walking along along walking while driver hit-and-run a

running. Nancy Perrin Rich told the the told Rich Perrin Nancy running.

his probe got underway, Garrison at- Garrison underway, got probe his Commission that she and her late hus- hus- late her and she that Commission

On September 4, 1965, she was killed by by killed was she 1965, 4, September On chortled, "They were bed mates." When When mates." bed were "They chortled,

ing visit to Dallas. Shown a news story story news a Shown Dallas. to visit ing a highway near Big Sandy, Texas. Texas. Sandy, Big near highway a

tempted to locate locate to tempted

ry's. On November 20, 1963, a woman woman a 1963, 20, November On ry's. Ruby employee traveling to Florida with with Florida to traveling employee Ruby

for Ruby. She told the attending physi- attending the told She Ruby. for

moving automobile near Eunice, Loiiisi- Eunice, near automobile moving

after the assassination in which Ruby Ruby which in assassination the after

two men to pick up a load of narcotics narcotics of load a up pick to men two denied knowing Oswald, Miss Chermi Chermi Miss Oswald, knowing denied cian that Kennedy and other officials officials other and Kennedy that cian

62 RAMPARTS RAMPARTS 62

ans. Hospitalized with injuries and nar- and injuries with Hospitalized ans. (CE 1761,1762). 1761,1762). (CE were going to be killed on their impend- their on killed be to going were

into a story consistent with Eileen Cur- Eileen with consistent story a into

cotics symptoms, she said she was a a was she said she symptoms, cotics named Rose Chermi was thrown from a a from thrown was Chermi Rose named

story in 1963 after the assassination assassination the after 1963 in story extremely efficient operation in connec- in operation efficient extremely

enthused over what he considered an an considered he what over enthused

Ruby and had "accompanied RUBY to to RUBY "accompanied had and Ruby

to the FBI after Breen failed to return return to failed Breen after FBI the to ican." Curry said that Breen "was "was Breen that said Curry ican."

der guards, both Mexican and Amer- and Mexican both guards, der

tion with narcotics traffic." Curry went went Curry traffic." narcotics with tion

Curry told the FBI that her paramour, paramour, her that FBI the told Curry an unnamed location, where he had been been had he where location, unnamed an

from a trip to Mexico, and repeated her her repeated and Mexico, to trip a from

have been on narcotics business. As long long As business. narcotics on been have shown moving pictures of various bor- various of pictures moving shown

James Breen, had become cozy with with cozy become had Breen, James ago as 1956, a woman named Eileen Eileen named woman a 1956, as ago

Mexico City that year (e.g. CE 3055). 3055). CE (e.g. year that City Mexico

It is also possible that Ruby's alleged alleged Ruby's that possible also is It

Texas editor Penn Jones Jr has delved delved has Jr Jones Penn editor Texas

If Ruby did go to Cuba in 1962, it may may it 1962, in Cuba to go did Ruby If

TIBURON • CALIF. 94920 94920 CALIF. • TIBURON

IMPULSE • BOX 466 466 BOX • IMPULSE

POSTERS POSTERS

10_ 10_

her her

but was too late. late. too was but

newsmen in the police basement had had basement police the in newsmen

year or so of his life." life." his of so or year

flights of imagination when they thought thought they when imagination of flights imagination which he had during the last last the during had he which imagination

CIA front. The official dismissed Under- dismissed official The front. CIA

they were "similar to those flights of his his of flights those to "similar were they ington firm, Falcon Aeronautics, Inc., Inc., Aeronautics, Falcon firm, ington hill's allegations with the comment that that comment the with allegations hill's

an old friend wrote to Underhill's widow widow Underhill's to wrote friend old an

months later, Underhill was found dead dead found was Underhill later, months circumstances indicated otherwise. When When otherwise. indicated circumstances

which smacks of having been an ad hoc hoc ad an been having of smacks which asking about his demise, the the demise, his about asking

implicated in the assassination. Several Several assassination. the in implicated from an official of a now defunct Wash- defunct now a of official an from of a bullet wound in the head ; although although ; head the in wound bullet a of

police decided it was self-inflicted, the the self-inflicted, was it decided police

[RAMPARTS, [RAMPARTS, eering in narcotics and gun-running was was gun-running and narcotics in eering

omous CIA clique which had been profit- been had which clique CIA omous

Thus the allegations of Gary Underhill, Underhill, Gary of allegations the Thus

after the assassination, a distraught Un- distraught a assassination, the after derhill told friends that a semi-auton- a that friends told derhill

CIA operatives, having a finger in it. it. in finger a having operatives, CIA "unperson," may be quite plausible plausible quite be may "unperson,"

a weapons expert and sometime CIA CIA sometime and expert weapons a

gling narcotics into the United States States United the into narcotics gling

surgents. surgents. way of Caribbean intrigue went on in in on went intrigue Caribbean of way

and guns into the hands of Cuban in- Cuban of hands the into guns and

both sides of the street may not have have not may street the of sides both those days without the CIA, or at least least at or CIA, the without days those

in, and just possibly Jack Ruby. In this this In Ruby. Jack possibly just and in,

accommodations of international in- international of accommodations been sheer braggadocio. In the strange strange the In braggadocio. sheer been hungry organized crime elements came came elements crime organized hungry

context his claim that he was playing playing was he that claim his context trigue, Ruby may well have been smug- been have well may Ruby trigue,

the narcotics were a white elephant until until elephant white a were narcotics the

sold for U.S. dollars. This is where buck- where is This dollars. U.S. for sold perspective. In 1962, Cuba and Red Red and Cuba 1962, In perspective.

would be exchanged for narcotics, but but narcotics, for exchanged be would

cured through a Mexican contact (Vol. (Vol. contact Mexican a through cured

cannot be divulged at this time. time. this at divulged be cannot

barter agreement in which Cuban sugar sugar Cuban which in agreement barter

evidence of gun-running by Ruby which which Ruby by gun-running of evidence and gun-running should be put in some some in put be should gun-running and

China reportedly had entered into a a into entered had reportedly China

14, p. 33011). Garrison has additional additional has Garrison 33011). p. 14, colonel," and a heavy-set "Cuban or or "Cuban heavy-set a and colonel,"

funds. She said the guns were to be pro- be to were guns the said She funds.

key planners were Ruby, an Army "light "light Army an Ruby, were planners key Mexican," and she gathered that Ruby Ruby that gathered she and Mexican,"

attended a meeting in Dallas in 1962, in in 1962, in Dallas in meeting a attended was the "bag man" who handled the the handled who man" "bag the was

which plans were discussed to smuggle smuggle to discussed were plans which

guns into Cuba and refugees out. The The out. refugees and Cuba into guns

band, who had ties to organized crime, crime, organized to ties had who band,

The question remains whether or not not or whether remains question The

It is fair to say that not much in the the in much not that say to fair is It

The allegations of narcotics trafficking trafficking narcotics of allegations The

June 1967]. Immediately Immediately 1967]. June

reply reply

came came

Oswald's address book contains the en- en- the contains book address Oswald's Shaw as Alton Berrien:I. On the latter latter the On Berrien:I. Alton as Shaw

evidence of a Ruby-Oswald link as well. well. as link Ruby-Oswald a of evidence

be weighed with the credibility of the the of credibility the with weighed be

envelopes to Oswald and Ruby which which Ruby and Oswald to envelopes

occasion, he said, Shaw passed manila manila passed Shaw said, he occasion, purportedly contained money. money. contained purportedly

witness in mind, there is documentary documentary is there mind, in witness

Rouge. He recalled that Oswald was in- was Oswald that recalled He Rouge.

troduced as Leon, Ruby as Jack, and and Jack, as Ruby Leon, as troduced

Orleans, the second on September 29 in in 29 September on second the Orleans,

an unknown Cuban were present. The The present. were Cuban unknown an

ranted against Kennedy in his campaign, campaign, his in Kennedy against ranted

governor of Louisiana in 1962, who who 1962, in Louisiana of governor

the Capitol House Hotel in Baton Baton in Hotel House Capitol the said that he twice attended meetings that that meetings attended twice he that said fall at which Oswald, Alibi, Shaw and and Shaw Alibi, Oswald, which at fall

first was in the Roosevelt Hotel in New New in Hotel Roosevelt the in was first

link appears in the statement of the Rev. Rev. the of statement the in appears link

motion. Rev. Johnson, a candidate for for candidate a Johnson, Rev. motion.

Clyde Johnson which was filed by Garri- by filed was which Johnson Clyde son in answer to a Clay Shaw defense defense Shaw Clay a to answer in son

Cuban who tagged around after Oswald Oswald after around tagged who Cuban

in New Orleans in the summer of 1963. 1963. of summer the in Orleans New in

gation, the latter of the bull-necked bull-necked the of latter the gation,

2370). The two match the descriptions descriptions the match two The 2370). man who had "numerous bumps on his his on bumps "numerous had who man

complexion," and an older, stocky Latin Latin stocky older, an and complexion," scar in the eyebrow of his left eye" (CE (CE eye" left his of eyebrow the in scar

of prime suspects in Garrison's investi- Garrison's in suspects prime of

photographs did not turn out." One of of One out." turn not did photographs face and was believed to have a one-inch one-inch a have to believed was and face

by Wade as Oswald. He described the the described He Oswald. as Wade by

others as a young man of "very fair pale pale fair "very of man young a as others

the men in the background was identified identified was background the in men the in the background were three men sitting sitting men three were background the in

rapher snapped a shot of a customer and and customer a of shot a snapped rapher at the bar. Ruby strode over to the the to over strode Ruby bar. the at

photographer and "yelled that the the that "yelled and photographer

Carousel Club the night of November November of night the Club Carousel

ment of Harvey L. Wade, a Chattanooga Chattanooga a Wade, L. Harvey of ment building inspector who dropped into the the into dropped who inspector building

Exars, June 19671. 19671. June Exars,

10, 1963. Wade said that a club photog- club a that said Wade 1963. 10,

ernor Connally was discussed — and the the and — discussed was Connally ernor

sel Club office in early November while while November early in office Club sel

both were waiting to see Ruby [RAM- Ruby see to waiting were both

statement of Wilbryn "Bob" Litchfield Litchfield "Bob" Wilbryn of statement

that he sat next to Oswald in the Carou- the in Oswald to next sat he that

eavesdropped on a Ruby-Oswald conver- Ruby-Oswald a on eavesdropped

organized crime to do away with Gov- with away do to crime organized

October 4, 1963, in which the desire of of desire the which in 1963, 4, October November 1966] who claims that he he that claims who 1966] November attorney Carroll Jarnagin (RAMPARTS, (RAMPARTS, Jarnagin Carroll attorney

sation in the Carousel Club the night of of night the Club Carousel the in sation

Oswald's part just before Ruby shot him. him. shot Ruby before just part Oswald's We have already examined the report of of report the examined already have We

they detected a flicker of recognition on on recognition of flicker a detected they

While such eyewitness accounts must must accounts eyewitness such While

Further indication of a Ruby-Oswald Ruby-Oswald a of indication Further

In addition, there is the cogent state- cogent the is there addition, In

hours (Vol. 25, p. 335). 335). p. 25, (Vol. hours

arrived in Dallas from Kansas City that that City Kansas from Dallas in arrived through the traumatic post-assassination post-assassination traumatic the through

man and close friend of Ruby's. Meyers Meyers Ruby's. of friend close and man

Lawrence Meyers, a Chicago business- Chicago a Meyers, Lawrence

same night, and was in touch with Ruby Ruby with touch in was and night, same

number was called from Kansas City by by City Kansas from called was number

(CE 1322, p. 517). On September 24, 24, September On 517). p. 1322, (CE

WH 4-4970; on November 20, 1963, this this 1963, 20, November on 4-4970; WH

charged with a call to Chicago number number Chicago to call a with charged

jotted down the number of a Ft. Worth Worth Ft. a of number the down jotted

1963, David Ferrie's telephone was was telephone Ferrie's David 1963,

1963, Ruby twice called that number number that called twice Ruby 1963,

well. In his address book, Oswald twice twice Oswald book, address his In well.

television station, PE 8-1951; in June June in 8-1951; PE station, television

in the recent convictions of a mugging mugging a of convictions recent the in

ical improbability that was instrumental instrumental was that improbability ical

team in Los Angeles County. County. Angeles Los in team

sheer happenstance are astronomical. It It astronomical. are happenstance sheer

unrelated persons' address books by by books address persons' unrelated

same four-digit numbers preceded by by preceded numbers four-digit same

was, in fact, just this kind of mathemat- of kind this just fact, in was, nals of some sort—the odds against the the against odds sort—the some of nals

nificance is unknown—Garrison specu- unknown—Garrison is nificance the names of Texas cities being in two two in being cities Texas of names the

lates they may be communications sig- communications be may they lates

entry "Newton 2550." While their sig- their While 2550." "Newton entry

try "Midland 2550"; Ruby's has the the has Ruby's 2550"; "Midland try

The Dallas number FR 5-5591 appears appears 5-5591 FR number Dallas The

And there are other "coincidences" as as "coincidences" other are there And

"fid

, ,

than than

ttlidupnitnandn ttlidupnitnandn

!,I1

na

d

otrhrd otrhrd

r

attention to himself as the opposite of of opposite the as himself to attention "reversing the magnetic field"—drawing field"—drawing magnetic the "reversing

associating himself from the plot by by plot the from himself associating

behavior between the assassination and and assassination the between behavior Park while he, CODY, had been skat- been had CODY, he, while Park

his slaying of Oswald was a way of dis- of way a was Oswald of slaying his

ing " (CE 1736). 1736). (CE " ing

years that RUBY had arrived at Fair Fair at arrived had RUBY that years

half dozen times in the last two or three three or two last the in times dozen half

joyed ice skating at Fair Park, as did did as Park, Fair at skating ice joyed Ruby, and "there had been at least a a least at been had "there and Ruby,

Cody was "assigned in the Counter In- Counter the in "assigned was Cody

time in Dallas. Cody related that he en- he that related Cody Dallas. in time

telligence Corps" and stationed for a a for stationed and Corps" telligence

his clubs during the Korean War, when when War, Korean the during clubs his

acknowledged having known Ruby Ruby known having acknowledged

"12 or 13 years." He met Ruby at one of of one at Ruby met He years." 13 or "12

,

was shot by Ruby. Ruby. by shot was

police officer Joe Cody. A homicide homicide A Cody. Joe officer police the pair of officers escorting Oswald Oswald escorting officers of pair the

d.• d.•

through the police basement when he he when basement police the through

of Detective James R. Leavelle, one of of one Leavelle, R. James Detective of

Shreveport run and an uncle of Dallas Dallas of uncle an and run Shreveport

number is listed to Kenneth Cody, a a Cody, Kenneth to listed is number

bureau detective, Cody was the partner partner the was Cody detective, bureau Continental Trailways bus driver on the the on driver bus Trailways Continental

which leads to another correlation. The The correlation. another to leads which

twice in the last pages of Oswald's book, book, Oswald's of pages last the in twice

. .

g

Garrison contends that Ruby's stagey stagey Ruby's that contends Garrison

:11 :11

In an FBI interview, Joseph Cody Cody Joseph interview, FBI an In

iant iant

(

2 2

Ig Ig

.

0.111 0.111

rnndht find find rnndht

6 x x 6

ark ark

11111 11111

brisk} brisk}

bn bn

that we we that

POT POT

WHYTE STUDIOS STUDIOS WHYTE

sex (gr, cher) cher) (gr, sex SEX (gld, rd) rd) (gld, SEX

POT POT

$2.98 each, any two — $5.00 $5.00 — two any each, $2.98

17

.7

fO64 fO64

(gr, lay, gld) _ _ gld) lay, (gr,

(rd, bl, gr) gr) bl, (rd,

"7

eireintr

can print this ad, in colors th th colors in ad, this print can

re re

.77.77

and including anti-Castro adventurers, adventurers, anti-Castro including and

at the operating level were Minutemen, Minutemen, were level operating the at

department, down through Jack Ruby Ruby Jack through down department,

assassination down to the Dallas police police Dallas the to down assassination connecting link at every level of opera- of level every at link connecting

tion, from the oil-rich sponsors of the the of sponsors oil-rich the from tion,

one of them. As Garrison put it, "The "The it, put Garrison As them. of one

his obsequiousness to powerful masters. masters. powerful to obsequiousness his

Some of those whose boots he licked licked he boots whose those of Some

were Nazis, and subliminally he became became he subliminally and Nazis, were

shot" in Aryan Dallas depended upon upon depended Dallas Aryan in shot"

outrage. outrage.

He went to the post office with com- with office post the to went He Morning News, and uttered words of of words uttered and News, Morning

sponses to the black-bordered "Wanted "Wanted black-bordered the to sponses for Treason" ad in Friday's Dallas Dallas Friday's in ad Treason" for

panions, peered at the box receiving re- receiving box the at peered panions,

in Sol's Turf Club, his favorite haunt, haunt, favorite his Club, Turf Sol's in with suitable expressions of indignation. indignation. of expressions suitable with

Polaroid picture of a Birch Society "Im- Society Birch a of picture Polaroid rousted a club flunkey, Larry Craford, Craford, Larry flunkey, club a rousted

afternoon, Ruby displayed the picture picture the displayed Ruby afternoon, peach Earl Warren" billboard. That That billboard. Warren" Earl peach

morning hours of Saturday, Ruby Ruby Saturday, of hours morning

who watched while his boss took a a took boss his while watched who

Commission that his boss was crying on on crying was boss his that Commission

strong, a Carousel employee, told the the told employee, Carousel a strong,

the afternoon of the 22nd. In the early early the In 22nd. the of afternoon the

what he actually was. Andrew Arm- Andrew was. actually he what

Ruby's survival as a "little big big "little a as survival Ruby's

Dept. Dept.

ibt

— —

_ _

eet:7,41:96.84e eet:7,41:96.84e

MAFIA MAFIA

LOVE LOVE

Love (pk, bl, yel) yel) bl, (pk, Love

MAFIA MAFIA

Buffalo, New York 14202 14202 York New Buffalo,

A 291 291 A

,

,—; ,—;

(or, gr, bl) bl) gr, (or,

(or, lay, blk ) ) blk lay, (or,

(pk, yel, blk ) — — ) blk yel, (pk,

Delaware Avenue Avenue Delaware

evening he returned from Mexico, Os- 1963." The Dallas version was predi- day morning, November 24, was possibly wald checked into the YMCA on North cated upon two alibi incidents furnished the most synchronized in Ruby's life. At Just Published Ervay and remained two days. The same by Ruby, plus the inconclusive state- 11:17 a.m. by automatic time stamp, he two days the room next to him was oc- ment of Andrew Armstrong that "he did wired $25 to Mrs. Bruce Ray Carlin, stage cupied by a Cuban-appearing young not know of Ruby having made any long name Little Lynn, one of his performers How 88,648 man who registered as R. Narvaez. On trips away from Dallas recently" (CE who lived in Ft. Worth (surely a pretext : it the night before, Little Lynn and her hus- v. the night of October 17, Loren Hall and 2399). Heavy Smokers Lawrence Howard Jr arrived at the Garrison points out that there was a band had made a special trip to the HEL YMCA; they checked out on October 4-1/2 hour gap in accounting for Ruby's Carousel—Ruby lent him $5—and Ruby P THESE )DUNS Stopped 22. The arrival of Hall possibly dovetails presence in Dallas that day, giving him was carrying several thousand dollars in with the story of a new witness located adequate time to fly back and forth that cash). Then he strode from the Western PEOPLE MAKE by Garrison. The witness stated that in afternoon to "case" the Presidential Union office across the street from the Smoking 1963, Hall was short of funds and peti- motorcade M Houston. Complementing police department to the Main Street MOVIES. tioned him for assistance in the anti- this is the report of a Mexico City at- entrance of the police basement. How he NOT TROUBLE. Castro movement. He declined, but lent torney that Ruby's sister, Eva Grant, slipped through the guard is open to NEW YORK—The Anti-Tobacco An open letter from Otto Preminger Hall $50, holding a .30 caliber rifle as was in San Antonio that same morning question, but his timing was exquisite. , Center of America has just pub- Listening to the sound tracks of video- lished a booklet which explains how collateral. About a month before the watching the motorcade there (RAM- Dear Ramparts Reader: assassination, the witness says, Hall re- PARTS, November 1966]. Arturo Alocer tapes made in the basement about the 88,648 heavy smokers (of whom Several months ago, I was shown a film titled, "You Dig It," made in many are physicians) have stopped deemed the weapon, commenting that Ruiz, his wife and her woman friend time the elevator carrying Oswald ar- rived at basement level, one hears the New York —under the Mobilization for Youth program—by a group of smoking without straining their will he was going to Dallas to meet with a were in San Antonio on vacation. They young men and women from poor Negro and Puerto Rican homes. It was power. This booklet is available free wealthy oilman—the same oilman who, noticed an obese woman rooted to a spot hollow-sounding "honk" of a car horn an outstanding effort, in my opinion. of charge to smokers. All you need Garrison knows, posted bail for Hall near the Gunter Hotel—she was there at (only police vehicles were in the base- "You Dig It" was made without professional guidance. The script was to do, to obtain it, is to send your and William Seymour when they were least two hours—waiting for the Presi- ment), then a pause of some four sec- written by a 16-year old; directed and filmed by two 20-year olds; with a name and address to The Anti- arrested in Dallas in mid-October (in dent's entourage to pass on its way to the onds, then another "honk" closely fol- cast composed of 50 youngsters between 15 and 20 with no previous film- Tobacco Center of America, Dept. . September 1966, the FBI stripped Dallas airport and the short hop to Houston. lowed by the crack of Ruby's pistol. - A.41-R, 366 Fifth Avenue, New making experience. police files of all pertinent material con- After Ruby shot Oswald and Eva's Were the "honks" signaling to Ruby the York 1, New York. This offer is open I was so excited about "You Dig It" that I met with the young film cerning the arrests). As will be recalled, picture was shown on television, the progress of his victim so he could sud- while the supply of these booklets makers. Outwardly, they looked just like any other group of similar age the record shows that the FBI did not Alocer party immediately recognized her denly push through the press ranks? In lasts. and background. But inwardly they glowed. These young people—who were locate and interview Hall, Howard and as the obese woman they had seen in San one of his letters smuggled from jail Ruby wrote, "If you hear a lot of horn- born to failure and had only hopelessness ahead of them—suddenly and Seymour until just before the Warren Antonio. Although the FBI sloughed off dramatically achieved success. Not money, not blowing, it will be for me, they will want fame—not yet. But seeing Report went to press. But what makes the report, Garrison considers it reliable. themselves and their films on TV and at Lincoln Center ... hearing their my blood!" Nazi oriented. Ir was essentially a Nazi these belated interviews seem dissem- Shortly before and after the assassina- work praised by seasoned professionals ... winning a first prize (the Plaque operation." bling is that the new witness swears that tion, Ruby was placed by witnesses in ASED ON THE FRESH evidence in of the Lion of St. Marc) at the 1967 Venice Documentary Film Festival ... Ruby's letters, smuggled out of jail by he was questioned by the FBI about Hall the Dallas Morning News building, Garrison's possession, we can has given them pride, purpose—and almost fulfillment of their dream. a trusty, reveal that towards the end, he and the .30 caliber rifle on the day after which commands a view of Dealey B now partially reconstruct the op- But—and there is always a but— the Mobilization for Youth program can- realized what his masters really were the assassination. Plaza. Around 1:00 p.m. he was spotted eration and getaway on November 22. not provide any more money. The group has appealed to various founda- [RAMPARTS, February 1967]. The letters, Coupled with this development is the at Parkland Hospital by housewife As previously reported [RAMPARTS, tions, but their decisions often take so long that these teen-agers may be in sold by the reputable New York docu- statement of Joseph Roland Hummel, Wilma Tice and newsman Seth Kantor June 1967], the DA contends that the wheelchairs before the red tape is cut and the money comes in. assassination bore the classic earmarks ment auctioneer Charles Hamilton, por- who resided at the YMCA that October. (in one of its more disingenuous mo- Knowing that Ramparts readers share many of my views and concerns, I tray a man acutely aware of his Jewish- Hummel has told Garrison that he had ments, the Commission claimed that of a guerrilla ambush in which the Presi- ask you to join me in supporting this talented group. They need a total of ness who realizes with anguish that he been casually acquainted with Oswald in Mrs. Tice was mistaken and that Kantor, dent was caught in converging fire. The $80,000 to continue their work for another year, which includes produc- has served not ultraconservatives but New Orleans, and saw him again at the who knew Ruby well, had seen him fatal head shot, he says, was fired from tion of a feature film and two half-hour shorts. the Grassy Knoll area, a quartering angle Nazis. "They are going to come out with Dallas YMCA in late October. On two somewhere other than Parkland—even Please take a moment now to fill out the coupon below, then mail it with a story that it was the Minutemen who occasions he saw Oswald with a "skinny, though Kantor graphically described from the front. The operation was co- your check today. Whatever you can afford to give will be deeply appre- killed the Jews," he wrote, "don't you thin-haired" young Anglo, on one oc- being collared by the night club owner ordinated by radio. ciated. Your contribution is tax-deductible, of course. believe it, they are using that to cover up casion on the sun roof of the YMCA at the bottom of a hospital staircase). To recapitulate, railroader S. M. Hol- for the Nazis.. .. Oh the way I fucked with Jack Ruby. Was it Ruby who planted the so-called land, standing on the Triple Underpass, insists to this day that "there definitely y up this world who would ever dream What was Ruby's role before he was magic bullet on a stretcher outside the that the motherfucker was a Nazi and pressed into service to do away with trauma room? Since no one saw him do was a shot fired from behind that fence found me the perfect setup for a frame. Oswald? A Houston Secret Service re- it, we can only speculate. But as we have [on the Knoll]." The late Lee Bowers, 6ptto Preminger . . . I was used to silence Oswald. I port prepared within days of Ruby's seen, Ruby's actions were hardly irra- who was in the railroad tower directly walked into a trap the moment I walked shooting of Oswald synopsizes: "Nu- tional, and it was that bullet which north of the Knoll, testified that three Cultural Arts Dept., Mobilization for Youth. 214 E. Second St., N.Y., N.Y. 10009 down that ramp Sunday morning." merous witnesses identify Jack Leon forged the final link for the Commission cars, one radio-equipped, prowled the Here is my contribution of $ to enable the young men and women Rubenstein, alias Jack Ruby, as being between Oswald and the assassination. parking lot between his tower and the who made ''You Dig It" to continue their movie work for another year. [RECONSTRUCTING THE CRIME] in Houston, Texas on November 21, for (It did not seem to bother the Commis- Knoll shortly before the shooting; he NAME N OCTOBER 1963, a number of key several hours, one block from the Presi- sion that the bullet was in near-pristine said they definitely were not law enforce- figures in Garrison's probe con- dent's entrance route and from the Rice condition, looking more like it had been ment vehicles. Bowers stated he saw two ADDRESS verged upon Dallas. The Free Cuba Hotel where [the President] stayed." The fired into a stuffing box than through the men behind the picket fence on the Knoll CITY STATE poup was installed in the house on Har- Houston report was countermanded by sinew, muscle and bone of Kennedy and just before the shots were fired, one ZIP landale, which is in south Oak Cliff past Please make checks payable to Cultural Arts Department, Mobilization for a Dallas SS report that flatly declared: Connally [CE 399].) "middle-aged" and "heavy-set," the Youth. Contributions are tax-deductible. Ruby's apartment. On October 3, the "Ruby was in Dallas on November 21, For a bachelor of casual habits, Sun- other "about midtwenties in either a R I

64 RAMPARTS RAMPARTS 65 plaid shirt or plaid coat or jacket." Al- Marvin C. Robinson, who told the FBI brought up an unidentified man named though the men were partly obscured by he was driving past the Depository some- Isaacs; they found it odd that "Isaacs" Individuals Against the Crime of Silence foliage when the shots rang out, Bowers time between 12:30 and 1:00 p.m. when would become mixed up with a "psycho" E. said that in their vicinity there was "a light-colored Nash station wagon like Oswald. In their conversation, a "some unusual occurrence=a flash of suddenly appeared before him. He man referred to as Hoffman or Hock- A Declaration To Our Fellow Citizens Of The United States, To The light or smoke or something .....(Vol. stated this vehicle stopped and a white man was to "relieve" Isaacs and destroy Peoples Of The World, And To Future Generations: 6, pp. 228f1). Postal employee J. C. male came down the grass-covered in- his 1958 model automobile. "We have more money at our disposal now than Price, who had a bird's-eye view of the cline between the building and the street We are appalled and angered by the conduct of our country in scene, picked up from there: "I saw one and entered the station wagon after at any other time," the older man re- Vietnam. man run towards the passenger cars on which it drove away in the direction of ported. He disclosed that the group of the railroad siding after the volley of the Oak Cliff section . . ." (Dallas FBI which both men apparently were a part 000 ALREADY HAV shots [the parking lot is bisected by a report 89-43). would hold a meeting in a Kansas City 2 In the name of liberty, we have unleashed the awesome arsenal of railroad spur). This man had a white Robinson paid no attention to the hotel in March with reservations made 60, the greatest military power in the world upon a small agricultural nation, killing, burning man, but Craig said it was Oswald. The in the name of a textile concern. At this dress shirt, no tie and khaki-colored and mutilating its people. In the name of peace, we are Commission rejected his identification point the pair noticed Giesbrecht, who creating a desert. In the name trousers. His hair appeared to be long of security, we are inviting world conflagration. and dark and from his agility in running "because of the overwhelming evidence started to a phone to notify police. A OVER could be 25 years of age. He had some- that Oswald was far away from the build- third man materialized and blocked his thing in his hand. I couldn't be sure but ing at that time." Once again, the Com- way. The trio quickly disappeared. 3 We, the signers of this declaration, believe this war to be immoral. it may have been a head piece" (CE mission ignored the possible manifesta- The FBI checked on the incident—but We believe it to be illegal. We must oppose it. 2003, p. 222). tion of an Oswald double, this time one the results of this investigation are also A new witness of Garrison's (he is who may have been one of the assassins, "classified." However, a classified docu- 4 At Nuremberg, after World War II, we tried, convicted and exe- afraid to have his name made public), shooting from the Depository Building. ment captioned "Harold Isaacs" does Recently Craig went to New Orleans to exist. A Garrison investigator has lo- cuted men for the crime of OBEYING their government, when that government demanded who had the same vantage point as F YOU USE IT- Price, states that after the shots were confer with Garrison. Among other cated a Harold Isaacs in Texas, and of them crimes against humanity. Millions more, who were not tried, were still guilty of fired, two men dashed from behind the things, he told the DA that he had not Isaacs acknowledges that he owned a THE CRIME OF SILENCE. Knoll fence and headed behind the De- said that a Negro was driving the Ram- 1958 Ford which was "crushed in a pository Building, where they were bler, but a "dark, swarthy man, possibly wrecking yard." It is also noteworthy 5 joined by a third man. Two of them got a Cuban." On his return to Dallas, Craig that Kansas City is the headquarters of We have a commitment to the laws and principles we carefully in a Rambler station wagon and drove noticed that he was being shadowed. As the national Minutemen organization. forged in the AMERICAN CONSTITUTION, at the NUREMBERG TRIALS, and in the north, away from the scene. The third, he came out of a restaurant after lunch, Recently witness Giesbrecht was shown UNITED NATIONS CHARTER. And our own deep democratic traditions and our dedica- a "heavyset, dark-complexioned" man, a bullet whizzed by his head. an assortment of photographs. "That's tion to the ideal of human decency among men demand that we speak out. proceeded back toward Dealey Plaza A possible getaway plane was spotted the man with the bushy eyebrows," he and disappeared. It is quite possibly this at Red Bird Airport some few miles explained, picking out a mug shot of We Therefore wish to declare our names to the office of the Secretary third man whom James R. Worrell de- south of Oak Cliff at about 1:00 p.m. David Ferrie. scribed to the Commission. When the Two women have reported that they saw General of the United Nations, both as permanent witness to our opposition to the [Tits POWER PLAY] shooting started, said Worrell, he sought a twin-engine plane, engines idling, sit- war in Vietnam and as a demonstration that the conscience of America is not dead. cover across Houston Street from the ting well away from the paved access HE CLOSER GARRISON COMES HS Ht- rear of the Depository Building. "I was strips and runway, and close to the high- ling together all the pieces of the INGMMusu a. wee • um...so a um w we cwwwwwwx Ram. w OM pp Corp.. of 111. Amnion. ammo, IMO co.! monala el ow pennon sad oak.. M Ueud awe.. of Amen.. In *loll 05/1. MOM way from Dallas via Oak Cliff. Coupled assassination mosaic, the more Inamon ar. cam to No concha. Ma ma my violating Ma Wowing moor.: TM Gam. there approxithately three minutes be- Ino Una. MM.. TM Gomm Am* el IBM Oa Dan &MY Gomallonan. fore I saw this man come out the back with this information is the assertion of desperate the attempt to squelch him be- door ... the way he was fanning, I would a Garrison informant that a Minuteman comes. Long ago the "national security" curtain was dropped on over 200 docu- OUR SIGNATURE DOES HAVE POWER I say he was in his late twenties or middle in Arizona boasted to him that one of Y To Protest—To Object—To Dissent has long been an American tradition. The the Cubans on the assassination team ments in the National Archives that —I mean early thirties . . . his coat was following are a few among the many who have signed this declaration to be on permanent record. open and kind of flapping back in the was flown to Arizona and hid out in his range from "Allegation Oswald in Mon- Alla AMY DR. MPH R. GREENSON HERBERT D. MAGIDSON JAMES BALOWIN PROF, ABRAM. J. ROBERT RYAN breeze." Worrell asserted the man ran home before slipping across the border treal, summer 1963," to a teaser like "re DESCHEL SHIRLEY MAGIDSON DAVID SCHOENBRUN BRIG. GENERAL H. B. HEaTER. MT. NORMAN MAILER fr:117LR0: B.J. DR STANLEY HOFFMAN LOMA, SHERMAN alongside the building back toward the into Mexico. Charles Small, aka Smolikoff (Mexican REY. PHILLIP BERRIDAY, 8.0.J. TROMAS MERTON PROF. ROBERT SIMMONS TOMS. B. HOFFMAN SIDNEY MEYER MY BRADBURY GRARLE/1 H. RUSSEL DR. BENJAMIN SPOOK Dealey Plaza area (Vol. 2, pp. 190-201). There is a sequel to this flurry of move- trip)." Many of these documents now ND MAIL- ROBERT McAFFEE BROWN EASON MONROE FRED H. STEMMER.. ESP. SANDER L. JOHNSON. FRO, PROF. HANS J. MORDENINAll DR. BORMAN 'ARACHNIDS REV. WILLIAM H. DU BAY PROF DONALD KALISH Although his questioning by the Com- ment ; it took place in the restaurant of appear relevant to his investigation, but JAMES FARMER FIMRY E. NILES D. IAN TIMM/ANN EDWARD M. KEATING DR. MARK F. ORFIRER PHIL INFINA OVEN. UNTERMETER despite the fact that he is a duly consti- NEM,. AVA HELEN 'AMINO LOUIS UNTEROAFTER mission was less than exhaustive, there the Winnipeg, Canada airport February DR .1= FRANK RING L AMMER. JR. REV. STEPHr. FRITCRMAN DR. LINOS PAIRING DICK VAN DYKE will be no more interviews: Worrell died 13, 1964. Richard Giesbrecht, a business- tuted law enforcement officer, he cannot RABBI filiPIARD N LEVY :1,81.10P IVES A. Pr LOWS LIGHT. EMI. "R.n Ararat "4. WE ALEL 8 I gain access to them. rFRED 001081E1N 1;.„nic,R.OAERT %LITMAN in a traffic accident on November 9,1966. man whom Garrison's staff has inter- NAOMI L. GOLDSTEIN %UTZ

About 15 minutes after the assassina- viewed, was waiting for a luncheon And how do items turn up missing ED LINE A tion, Deputy Sheriff Roger D. Craig partner and overheard a conversation from a citadel of security like the Na- tional Archives? Twenty-six items con- / WIN l0 elan my name to IM above Declaration to the United Nations and want to go on record with this Declaration testified he "observed an individual run at an adjacent table between a man of of the Individuals Agelnd the Crime of Silence. down the grass area from the direction about fifty who wore a hearing aid and nected with the assassination are so Signature listed, including "Jack Ruby's notebook For clolly.prinl your nano altar your sam/lure of the Texas School Book Depository. spoke with a Southern accent and a HE DOTT He heard this individual whistle and a younger man with "bushy hair and maintained by Larry Craford [his Carou- address dote white Rambler station wagon, driven by bushy pronounced eyebrows." Both ex- sel Club flunky who scurried out of ay State zip a Negro male, pulled over to the curb pressed concern over how much Lee Os- Dallas the afternoon of the assassina- Sign, complete and mail to P.O. Box °MOO. Los AnG•Ite, Calif. gOltig The offlu of the Individuals Pg•Inel IRO Crime and said individual got in . . ." (CE wald had told his wife about the assassi- tion]." Moreover, Garrison observes of Silence will Men forwerd the intonatebn to the Woad Nations. 1967). The incident is corroborated by nation plot. In their conversation, they that there was "an incredible incidence Should you also wish to Nippon additional publishing. and communicalans mend SI or more In cash or by dwell made payable to Indduate...1.st the Crime of Silence. This donation flanges you to the Opel emblem and the TEAR ON T walla sized registration card. Money Is need. to speed Our propose. The strength of our numbers will regularly and ell.lvely be made known. Your eign.re does nave power.

66 RAMPARTS

of spontaneous combustion" in Wash-

and a secret CIA report on Oswald's ington the day after the assassination activities prior to the assassination was

singed beyond recognition M a Thermo- when autopsy notes went up in flames

aggressive drive to intimidate and dis-

credit witnesses. Abraham Bolden, the'

his brother agents of carousing into the fax machine.

that while in custody Oswald blurted out, wee hours of November 22, and stated quently charged by his superiors with "Ruby hired me"; Bolden was subse- first Negro Secret Service agent, accused

bribery and convicted, and he protests

Knoll fence was brusquely warned, "If were a frame-up. A Dealey Plaza eye- witness who in 1963 told the FBI that

to no avail that the charges against him man with pertinent information about

two men ran from behind the Grassy sixth floor window, you'd better keep you didn't see Oswald shoot from that a local Minuteman was admonished by your damn mouth shut." A New Orleans

cause "District Attorney Garrison was the FBI not to tell the DA anything be-

trying to overturn the findings of the Garrison's grasp. A self-avowed member lustrates how governmental pressure has of the Ku Klux Klan who got in trouble induced potential witnesses to slip from

Warren Report."

he drove a top KKK official, Jack Helm, that on the day after David Ferrie died, approached the DA's men in the appar- over bombings in Baton Rouge, Kimble ent hope of gaining mitigation. He said

to Ferrie's apartment. Helm came out

with a satchel crammed with papers, on what was purported to be Minutemen he had flown to Montreal with Ferrie box. Kimble also divulged that in 1962,

business. He promised the DA's inves-

which he placed in a bank safe deposit

saying he had met a CIA contact.

ward, he phoned his wife from Atlanta, leans," he vowed. A few days after that, tigators that he would garner further in- he called from Montreal. For reasons "They'll never get me back to New Or- formation and report back. unknown, Kimble backtracked to Tam-

local police. Interviewed by Garrison's men, he said that he had once worked pa, Florida, where he was arrested by special assignments for the CIA, and in

68

Coupled with the secrecy has been an

The affair of Jules Rocco Kimble il-

He didn't come through. Shortly after-

RAMPARTS

averred he had recontacted the CIA after verification named his Agency contacts

Street station they assigned him. He and the box number at the Lafayette

Hoffa" crusade, is now with NBC News and has been instrumental in that tele- rod in the Justice Department's "get Sheridan, the ex-Bobby Kennedy ram- say nothing to the DA and go to Canada. Walter Sheridan had counseled him to

subsequently indicted by a grand jury for

Sheridan was so overzealous that he was abort the assassination investigation. public bribery in attempting to induce vision network's extraordinary effort to

Garrison. However, the network does

broadcast last June exemplifies their ef-

not consider this newsworthy. witnesses to make statements against Dean Andrews Jr, who has since been

fort. One of the stars of the program was about the Clay Bertrand phase of the jury in connection with his testimony men frantically look for him as a suspect.

investigation. Andrews lent an ethereal convicted of perjury by a New Orleans

rison became interested in him, and the immigration file documenting his ad- There have seen the nasty Llama pistol con- Garcia Gonzales and watched the DA's quality to Garrison's probe by saying

real Clay Bertrand, and that he was not in September 1966, shortly before Gar- that he invented the name Manuel

canard fabricated by NBC was the as- mission to the United States. Another Clay Shaw. The man's name had been fiscated from him by New Orleans police loudly protested that he had never used

sertion that the network had located the

the name—and indeed, he did not fit the turned over to the Justice Department, as faithfully as Izvestia hawks the Krem- seems to parrot the administration line the narrator said. The man turned out to be bar owner Eugene Davis, who vective is Newsweek, which at times description—of "Clay Bertrand." lin's. The magazine's "expert" on the

ticularly shrill in its anti-Garrison in-

porter for the Dallas Morning News, nedy" ad on November 22nd. In his case is Hugh Aynesworth, who at the "Wanted for Treason: John F. Ken- time of the assassination was an ace re- Garrison put-down (May 15, 1967), which saw fit to print the black-bordered

Aynesworth reported the charges of Al-

NBC's special on the Garrison case

Another medium that has been par-

is a

Manuel Garcia Gonzales. I

didn't report was that the tape recording

sassination, that two DA investigators yin Beauboeuf, Ferries companion on much of the press copy sounding like it the Texas trip the afternoon of the as- ings to Beauboeuf that they sought only as possible that he was telling the truth. attorney had been carefully edited to of the conversation made by Beauboeuf s him to lie detector testing to verify as far tried to bribe him. What Aynesworth

delete the investigator's emphatic warn-

seems to be the preliminary to legal had been ghostwritten by R ichard Helms ,

moves aimed at removing the DA from the truth, and that they would subject eral Ramsey Clark has been most sug-

gestive that such a play is in the works. office or even jailing him.

investigated by the FBI in 1963 and Shaw was arrested, the attorney gen- On March 2, 1967, the day after Clay

eral announced that Shaw had "cleared" of any complicity in the as-

nocent, Clark sheepishly admitted there had been no investigation at all. The sassination. Three months later, after retraction hardly caused a ripple in the

press. Then on October 14, UPI quoted the world bad been noisily advised that

Clark as telling an audience of law stu- Clark promptly issued a denial, and a

Department spokesman lamely explained Garrison "took a perfectly fine man, Clay Shaw, and ruined him just for per- dents at the University of Virginia that the prestigious FBI had found Shaw in- Department would prosecute the DA. sonal aggrandizement," and that the

is that Clark let slip precisely what was

hypothetically in response to a question." on his mind. The notion is reinforced by

the affidavit of Gordon Novel's former that the boss had "discussed this matter New Orleans affiliate tried to get her to rison that Richard Townley of NBC's

testify against the investigation. "He

wife, Marlene Mancuso, who told Gar- said they were not merely going to dis- Garrison would get a jail sentence." credit the probe," she swore. "He said burst of rhetoric, "Let justice be done

are still there, but Washington has come first broke, Garrison declaimed in a

crashing down upon him. though the heavens fall!" The heavens

The tandem attack on Garrison, with

The behavior of U.S. Attorney Gen-

But the most reasonable interpretation

When news of the assassination probe

been

14

CITY NAME ADDRESS

GENTLEMEN. PLEASE SEND NE THE FOLLOWING FULL.COLOR, PERSONALITY POSTERS, 74 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 10011

-

22" ZODIAC POSTERS. I WANT

P.S. ALL 12 POSTERS FOR ONLY $10.00; WE PAY

PLUS $ .50 POSTAGE AND HANDLING_'

ENCLOSED IS A CHECK FOR

TOTAL POSTERS ORDERED__

STATE

AT 51.00

EACH

ZIP

POSTAGE

00

50

.

Elektra Records announces the release of the seventh album by Judy Collins12E wildflowers