Latin American Construction Companies' Woes May Not Be Over
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EMERGING MARKETS RESTRUCTURING JOURNAL ISSUE NO. 3 — SPRING 2017 Latin American Construction Companies’ Woes May Not Be Over, Yet By BROCK EDGAR and DEVI RAJANI Can Latin American construction Many regional construction companies have experienced companies survive an expected plateau or will likely be going through restructurings. In Mexico, the three largest homebuilders went through restructurings in gross fixed capital formation in a region between 2014 and 2016 and one of Mexico’s largest engineering that so desperately needs infrastructure and construction companies, Empresas ICA, S.A.B. de C.V., investment? is currently being restructured. Similarly, in a process that has been ongoing since 2015, one of Brazil’s largest engineering and construction companies, OAS S.A. is also currently being In recent years, Latin American construction companies have restructured. Looking ahead, the fallout from Odebrecht’s faced deteriorating cash flows due to overexpansion at home admission of foreign bribery will likely affect its engineering or abroad, limited financing availability due to changing and construction business, as well as its consortium partners regulations and/or government investigations (i.e., “Lava throughout Latin America where projects are being cancelled, Jato” in Brazil, also known as the Car Wash Investigation), triggering sureties and bank guarantees. falling commodity prices (primarily oil) and cutbacks in government spending; all of which have led to over-levered Against this backdrop, the uncertainty with respect to future financial positions. economic development makes capital investment decisions difficult. This is even truer today following the election of Brazil: Percentage GDP Change vs. Percent Cement Consumption Change 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 -5.0% -10.0% ? -15.0% White NML Case GDP % Change Cement Consumption % Change Hawthorne Case Source: World Bank, Economist Intelligence Unit, Sindicato Nacional da Indústria do Cimento -SNIC and FTI analysis. Dec. 2011 Feb. 2012 Oct. 2012 Nov. 2012 Aug. 2013 Dec. 2016 District Court District Court Second Circuit District Court Second Circuit District Court in nds breach orders injunctions: affirms breach and makes a number affirms amended White Hawthorne: EMERGING MARKETS RESTRUCTURING JOURNAL ISSUE NO. 3 — SPRING 2017 of pari passu Argentina injunctions of technical injunctions relying clause cannot service amendments on “extraordinary restructured debt to injunctions behavior“ of UNLESS it also Argentina pays holdouts Infrastructure Quality vs. GFCF as a % of GDP 6.5 Payment of some Unprecedented Arguably broad Narrowed scope Payment of some Payment of some creditors but not nding — Chaos interpretation of injunctions creditors but not creditors but not Japan UAE others is a pari in sovereign debt becomes federal others continues others is NOT a Debt/EBITDA for Select Latin American Construction Companies (2015/2016) Germany Swizterland 6.0 United Kingdom South Korea passu breach market law in New York to be a violation of pari passu United States pari passu BUT violation (UNLESS Empresa ICA, S.A.B. de C.V. Canada ruling premised on the debtor is Australia OAS S.A. 5.5 extraordinary “recalcitrant”) Italy Empresa Constructora Moller y Pérez Cotapos S.A. behavior of debtor Somague-Engenharia, S.A. Saudi Arabia 5.0 IDEAL,S.A.B. de C.V. Russia Panama Cyrela Brazil Realty S.A. Trinidad Chile China Andrade Gutierrez S.A. 4.5 & Tobago Uruguay Turkey Construcciones el Condor S.A. South Africa Mexico Indonesia Salfacorp S.A. Costa Rica Ecuador 4.0 El Salvador Brazil India Construtora Queiroz Galvão S.A. Jamaica Score (2016/2017) Guatemala Odinsa S.A. Colombia Peru Socovesa S.A. 3.5 C/R Almeida S.A. Honduras Constructora Conconcreto S.A. Bolivia Nicaragua Graña y Montero S.A.A. 3.0 Dominican Republic World Economic Forum Infrastructure Besalco S.A. Construções e Comércio Camargo Corrêa S.A. Paraguay 2.5 Arteris S.A. Arendal, S. de R.L. de C.V. 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Cosapi S.A. Echeverría Izquierdo S.A. 2015 GFCF as a % of GDP Ingevec S.A. Obras de Ingeniería S.A. Source: World Economic Forum, “The Global Competitiveness Report 2016–2017”, World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data les, FTI Analysis MRV Engenharia e Participações S.A. Odebrecht Engenharia e Construção S.A. Mexico Grupo Mexicano de Desarrollo, S.A.B. (GMD) Peru Carso Infraestructura y Construcción y Filiales, S.A. de C.V. (CICSA) Chile Timeline of the Mexican Proceeding THP-Triunfo Holding de Participações S.A. Colombia Toniolo, Busnello S.A. Brazil OHL México, S.A.B. de C.V. Promotora y Operadora de Infraestructura, S. A. B. de C. V. (PINFRA) November 2015 Default on local short-term bonds 0.0x 1.5x 3.0x 4.5x 6.0x 7.5x 9.0x 10.5x 12.0x 13.5x 15.0x 16.5x 18.0x19.5x Mexico: Latin America’s GFCF (% of GDP) and Oil Prices (Brent) Percentage GDP Change vs. Source: FTI Analysis based on latest public information from Capital IQ and company websites. Leverage ratios vary from 2015 to 2016. Odebrecht E&C’s leverage is based on a Fitch Percent Construction Change 2016 estimate. 21.5% $140.00 Court accepted Banco Base’s July 15, 2016 10.00% 6.0% request for involuntary insolvency $120.00 8.00% 4.0% 6.00% President Trump in the United States and the potential impact $100.00 20.5% 4.00% 2.0% on global trade (particularly for its neighbors to the south), the July 2016 IFECOM appointed visitador $80.00 2.00% 0.0% strengthening dollar, flattish oil prices and the moderating — 0.00% $60.00 USD/bbl 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 growth outlook for China. For Latin America specifically, -2.00% -2.0% Peru Gross fixed capital formation (“GFCF”) 19.5% economic growth is further restricted by depressed commodity $40.00 -4.00% Dec. 16, 2016 Court declared Abemex bankrupt -4.0% as defined by the World Bank includes: -6.00% prices in metals and mining (gold, iron ore, copper, etc.). Indeed, $20.00 -8.00% -6.0% although Bloomberg AnalystReorganization Consensus Forecasts show flat to If disputes are INDECOPI 18.5% $0.00 Court appointed the conciliator and Plan • land improvements (fences, ditches, GDP % Change Construction % Change Dec. 26, 2017 modest price increases in these commodities from their troughs However under on a default has exclusive 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 conciliation period began Disputes on restructuring on the agreed execution or drains, and so on) jurisdiction Source: INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía), CMIC (Camara Mexicana in 2015/2016, these prices are still below the prices of 2013, payment terms GFCF Oil (USD/bbl) Creditors interpretation de Industria de la Construcción) and FTI analysis. which was a year removed fromLiquidation the peak years of 2011/2012. Source: Bloomberg, World Bank national accounts data and OECD National Accounts Meeting of plan/agreements Late A3T excluded from Mexican Agreement • plant, machinery, and equipment data les, Economist Intelligence Unit Forecasts (December 20, 2016), FTI Analysis. approve addressed through January, 2017 insolvency proceeding Arbitration or Latin America is comprised of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, However, uncertainty in gross fixed capital formationjudicial courts* purchases Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela. (“GFCF”) and/or capital investmentPre-packaged is not something the Early Meetings between Abemex and region can afford; the lack Agof investmentreement and infrastructure • the construction of roads, railways, February, 2017 bondholders in the region further deepens the deficit the region faces, and the like impacting economic growth. * Default rule absent explicit agreement: judicial courts Feb. 14, 2017 Provisional list of creditors Illustrative Liquidation Waterfall Under Greek Law The World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report ratios of GFCF as a percentage of GDP, similar to that of China. (2016-2017) ranks the infrastructure quality of 138 countries on However, most of the Latin American region has an infrastruc- New Capital Structure March 17, 2017 Final list of creditors a scale of 1 to 7 (7 being the best). The highest ranking country ture score under 4.5 which compares unfavorably to the highest in the Latin American region is Panama at #36 (with an score of 6.7 achieved by Hong Kong SAR. Developed economies, 5% infrastructure quality score of 4.9), followed closely by Chile 5% Superpriority such as United States, Canada and Europe generally have scores April 11, 2017 Court’s creditors ruling and Uruguay at #44 (4.7) and #47 (4.5), respectively. Panama’s Chile claims arising above 5.50. from rescue/ DIP nancing ranking is not surprising given that it has one of the highest Financial investors lending new money Financial entities providing new bonds Accessory Restructuring • General privilege April 18, 2017 50% Creditors acceding to the agreement Agreement with 71.3% of creditors Restructuring • Employees’ claims 40% Current shareholders arising within two years Bankruptcy debtor’s consent + 2/3 Arbitration Arbitrator to render before the declaration majority vote of of bankruptcy Pending Final Restructuring Plan proceedings debtor’s liabilities procedure is an award within 2 can be subject binding on all years, unless parties • Greek State tax claims to arbitration creditors agree otherwise • Social security claims Liquidation Special Privilege claims 2/3 majority vote of (including secured creditors) veried claims Unsecured creditors Brazil: Percentage GDP Change vs. Percent Cement Consumption Change 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% Brazil: 0.0% Percentage GDP Change vs.