Case No COMP/M.6588 - KONINKLIJKE AHOLD / VALK HOLDING
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Cesifo Working Paper No. 9137
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Argentesi, Elena; Buccirossi, Paolo; Cervone, Roberto; Duso, Tomaso; Marrazzo, Alessia Working Paper The Effect of Mergers on Variety in Grocery Retailing CESifo Working Paper, No. 9137 Provided in Cooperation with: Ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Suggested Citation: Argentesi, Elena; Buccirossi, Paolo; Cervone, Roberto; Duso, Tomaso; Marrazzo, Alessia (2021) : The Effect of Mergers on Variety in Grocery Retailing, CESifo Working Paper, No. 9137, Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/236679 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have -
The Effect of Retail Mergers on Prices and Variety: an Ex-Post Evaluation Elena Argentesi, Paolo Buccirossi, Roberto Cervone
No 225 The Effect of Retail Mergers on Prices and Variety: An Ex-post Evaluation Elena Argentesi, Paolo Buccirossi, Roberto Cervone, Tomaso Duso, Alessia Marrazzo June 2016 IMPRINT DICE DISCUSSION PAPER Published by düsseldorf university press (dup) on behalf of Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf, Faculty of Economics, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany www.dice.hhu.de Editor: Prof. Dr. Hans‐Theo Normann Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE) Phone: +49(0) 211‐81‐15125, e‐mail: [email protected] DICE DISCUSSION PAPER All rights reserved. Düsseldorf, Germany, 2016 ISSN 2190‐9938 (online) – ISBN 978‐3‐86304‐224‐0 The working papers published in the Series constitute work in progress circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comments. Views expressed represent exclusively the authors’ own opinions and do not necessarily reflect those of the editor. The Effect of Retail Mergers on Prices and Variety: An Ex-post Evaluation∗ Elena Argentesi,y Paolo Buccirossi,z Roberto Cervone,z Tomaso Duso,§ Alessia Marrazzo z June 2016 Abstract Unlike most retrospective merger studies that only focus on price effects, we also estimate the impact of a merger on product variety. We use an original dataset on Dutch supermarkets to assess the effect of a merger that was conditionally approved by the Dutch Competition Authority (ACM) on prices and the depth of assortment. We find that the merger did not affect prices but it led the merging parties to decrease the depth of their assortment, thereby reducing consumer choice. This effect is mainly driven by a reduction in variety for stores that were not re-branded after the merger, suggesting that the merging firms reposition their product offerings in order to avoid cannibalization. -
Social Media Use by Dutch Supermarket Chains
Social media use by Dutch supermarket chains A digital marketing analysis on brand loyalty Thomas Dijkman 11026057 August 21st, 2018 Supervisor: Dick Heinhuis 2nd Examiner: Tom van Engers Bachelor thesis Information Science Faculty of Science University of Amsterdam ABSTRACT Social media have grown from being entertaining communication platforms into powerful business tools for marketing, promotion and customer service. Consequently, businesses have had to make changes in their marketing strategies to take advantage of the opportunities created by this new social ecosystem. Brand loyalty, which is one of the main goals of marketing efforts, is influenced by social media through different factors like trust and feelings of community. This thesis assesses the efforts made by Dutch supermarket chains on social media to test the effect of social media on their perceived brand loyalty. The factors that stimulate brand loyalty that were found in an extensive literature review were challenged through field research to test their effect on Dutch supermarket brands. The findings of this research show that there is no significant effect of social media efforts on brand loyalty in the case of Dutch supermarket chains. On the contrary, present research confirms that there are unexplored opportunities for Dutch supermarket chains to use social media to increase brand loyalty. From these findings, a general discussion and conclusion are offered, as well as directions for further research. 2 Table of contents 1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 1.1 Research objectives……………………………………………………………………………………… 6 1.2 Relevance……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6 1.2.1 Academic relevance………………………………………………………………………………. 6 1.2.2 Managerial relevance…………………………………………………………………………….. 7 1.3 Research question and subquestions………………………………………………………………. 8 1.4 The Dutch supermarket industry……………………………………………………………………. -
Tilburg University Grocery Retail Dynamics and Store Choice Van Lin
Tilburg University Grocery retail dynamics and store choice van Lin, Arjen Publication date: 2014 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): van Lin, A. (2014). Grocery retail dynamics and store choice. CentER, Center for Economic Research. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 30. sep. 2021 Grocery Retail Dynamics and Store Choice Arjen van Lin Grocery Retail Dynamics and Store Choice Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. Ph. Eijlander, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de aula van de Universiteit op woensdag 18 juni 2014 om 16.15 uur door Arjen Ignatius Johan Gerard van Lin geboren op 21 mei 1986 te Haelen. -
Investigation Into Albert Heijn's Dominant Market Position Within
Investigation into Albert Heijn’s dominant market position within Amsterdam and whether it enables them to set prices significantly higher than its competitors’ Sean Blundell - 10398252 Abstract With a market share estimated to be around 30%, Albert Heijn is the indisputable market leader of the Dutch supermarket industry. It is a ubiquitous force throughout the Netherlands, especially within the city of Amsterdam, accounting for approximately 65% of all stores within the area. This spatial control, coupled with the evident lack of competition, may enable Albert Heijn to set prices significantly higher than its competitors, especially in those locations where competition is lacking. This study aims to provide evidence into the matter, via the analysis of prices. Over a four-month period, the prices of 35 items were collected from a sample of Albert Heijn stores and two of its competitors, Vomar and Dirk van den Broek. A largely descriptive statistical approach was adopted to analyse the data, with an adjusted Lerner index being utilised as the main method in distinguishing Albert Heijn’s market power. The overall Lerner index was found to be 0.1005, signifying that Albert Heijn does have considerably more market power than its competitors. Further analysis was focused on differentiating between AH’s pricing in locations where there is competition compared to those where competition is absent. Prices were found to be higher in locations without competition, however, this difference was found to not be statistically significant. 1. Introduction Anyone who has spent an extended period of time in Amsterdam will be all too familiar with the ever-present Albert Heijn (AH). -
Aquaculture Directory 2015 Download
pg14_ASC.qxd 17/6/15 12:07 Page 14 14 AQUACULTURE ASC AQUACULTURE Aquaculture Stewardship Council Update ASC Feed Standard: driving Amsterdam for the ASC Responsible improvements in the Feed Project briefing event. Experts in aquaculture feed industry marine, plant and animal ingredients, as Feed is an essential element in farming, well as supply chain and feed mill repre- but it is also a major contributor to the sentatives, came together demonstrating overall environmental impact of aqua- that the sector is committed to a respon- culture. The environmental pressure sible future for fish feed production. ASC - a global initiative to created by the production of the key This year there will be two public move aquaculture towards ingredients in fish feed needs to be review rounds of the draft Feed Standard. The related audit manual that sustainable farming practices addressed. The ASC is developing a globally will guide auditors in applying the stan- The Aquaculture Stewardship Council’s applicable Responsible Feed Standard. A dard will then be developed, followed by (ASC) mission is to transform fish multi-stakeholder expert group includ- a field test for the standard and audit farming towards environmental sus- ing industry, scientists and conservation manual. tainability and social responsibility. group representatives has been carefully The ASC Responsible Feed Standard is ASC works with stakeholders around selected to develop the standard. The set to go live in the first quarter of 2016. the world including farmers, seafood feed standard will set requirements that When the standard is finalised it will be processors, retail and foodservice com- reflect industry best practice and devel- available for anyone who wants to use it. -
Dutch Market Exposure to Deforestation in Brazil
DUTCH MARKET EXPOSURE TO DEFORESTATION IN BRAZIL Top four supermarkets Dutch imports of soy from Brazil (annual) 1 3,800,000 2 TONNES 3 % of overall soy imports to 4 The Netherlands from Brazil 55% Exports of soy from the Cerrado and Amazon biomes to The Netherlands (tonnes/% total) CERRADO 1,700,000 | 45% AMAZON 600,772 | 16% OTHER Supermarket exposure to soy companies named in Mighty Earth’s Soy and Cattle Deforestation Tracker SOY EXPORTS BRAZIL TO THE NETHERLANDS (TONNES) 787,901 427,722 327,091 310,685 267, 510 MARKET SHARE 20% 11% 9% 8% 7% OVERALL SCORE ON TRACKER (/100) 56 47 64 31 25 Note: market share, Kantar (2020). % overall soy imports, COMTRADE (2019). All other data TRASE (www.trase.earth) (2018). Analysis of data and interviews with experts suggests that export and import markets are relatively ‘sticky’, meaning that market shares are unlikely to shift significantly year-on-year due to fixed infrastructure. Therefore, historical trends allow a projection of current market share and exposure of supermarkets to companies in their supply chain. Overall score of companies in the Tracker assessed against total linked cases; total clearance; possible illegal clearance; responsiveness to cases; resolution of cases; and transparency. https://www.mightyearth.org/soy-and-cattle-tracker/ DUTCH SUPERMARKETS EXPOSED TO THE POOREST PERFORMERS ON MIGHTY EARTH’S TRACKER Dutch supermarkets are exposed to deforestation risk due to links to poor performers in Mighty Earth’s Rapid Response Soy & Cattle Deforestation Tracker – including the worst performing soy traders Cargill and Bunge. These companies are linked to the largest amounts of land conversion respectively 61,260 and 38,976 hectares. -
Ahold Delhaize Annual Report 2016 01
betterAnnual Reporttogether 2016 Ahold Delhaize Annual Report 2016 01 Introduction Welcome to our first Annual Report as a merged company, Ahold Delhaize. In 2016, we brought two successful businesses together to In 2016, we brought two create one of the world’s largest retail groups, able to deliver even more for the customers of our great local brands. This is reflected in the theme of our report: Better together. It is also successful businesses together the name of our strategy, which you will find out more about as you read our report. We believe that our long-term financial to create one of the world’s success is directly tied to how well we manage our financial, natural, and human resources. For that reason, we have decided to publish one report that provides an integrated view largest retail groups, able of our sustainability performance as part of our overall company performance. Please read on to find out more about our to deliver even more for year and the good momentum we achieved following the merger. Our report outlines the progress our great local brands made on all the customers of our great our strategic priorities, including making our fresh offering even fresher, providing healthier choices for our customers, reducing waste, supporting our communities, expanding our local brands. online offering, making it easier to shop, and much more. Ahold Delhaize Annual Report 2016 02 In this year’s report Overview Business review Governance Financials Investors 01 Introduction 20 Our Better Together strategy 73 Our Management Board -
Growing Our Business in Europe
Growing our business in Europe Sander van der Laan COO Ahold Europe / CEO Albert Heijn November 29, 2012 Proprietary and Company Confidential Key takeaways Still growth opportunities ahead for Albert Heijn in the Netherlands Leveraging our Albert Heijn format and business model in Flanders, Belgium Creating value with Albert in the Czech market Proprietary and Company Confidential Ahold Our joint Reshaping Retail framework Proprietary and Company Confidential 3 Europe we are proud of our strong brands Albert Heijn Supermarkets NL 125 years of • Est. 1887 • 815 stores local heritage • Market leader Albert Heijn New Markets >2,200 stores • 10 supermarkets Belgium • Two to go in Germany • 58 to gos in NL Serving a Albert Heijn Online trade area • Est. 2001 • Delivery and PUP’s (first two open) >40 million people • Market leader Etos In 5 countries • Est. 1918 • 538 stores • #2 in the market 96, 000 emp loyees Gall & Gall • Est. 1884 • 562 stores €12B+ sales • Market leader Czech Republic + Slovakia Joint ventures • Est. 1991 • 282 stores with ICA and JMR • #2 in the Czech market Bol.com • Est. 1999, joined Ahold 2012 • First 59 pick-up points in AH service counters • Market leader online Proprietary and Company Confidential 4 Europe We believe in complementary multi-format growth Discuss supermarkets today: Netherlands Still growth opportunities ahead for Albert Heijn Belgium LiAlbtLeveraging our Albert HijHeijn format and business model in Flanders Czech Republic Creating value with Albert in the CZ market small stores supermarkets online Proprietary and Company Confidential 5 Netherlands Albert Heijn remains the leading supermarket player, managing consistent growth in a tough and consolidating market 40 Main Market share Market share Market share NL 2007 2011 development supermarkets indicative 20 Nielsen Nielsen Albert Heijn 29.5% 33.5% 35.0+% 0 (incl. -
PRESS RELEASE Sale of EMTÉ by Sligro Food Group to the Consortium of Jumbo and Coop Completed
PRESS RELEASE Sale of EMTÉ by Sligro Food Group to the consortium of Jumbo and Coop completed Sligro Food Group N.V., Jumbo Groep Holding B.V. and Coop Holding B.V. announce that on 2 July 2018, they completed the transaction for the sale, announced on 5 March 2018, of all the shares in EMTÉ Holding B.V. and its subsidiaries EMTÉ Supermarkten B.V., EMTÉ Franchise B.V. and EMTÉ Vleescentrale B.V. by Sligro Food Group to the consortium of Jumbo and Coop. The Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets The sale involves EMTÉ’s 130 supermarkets, its retail (ACM) had already approved the sale and the Works Councils distribution centres in Kapelle and Putten, its meat plant in had expressed a positive opinion. Jumbo and Coop will start Enschede and its supporting operational and commercial converting the EMTÉ supermarkets to their own formats this departments at the head office in Veghel. All employees autumn. Sligro Food Group will continue to provide certain involved will move to the consortium. support services to EMTÉ during the transition period in order to ensure a smooth handover of EMTÉ to Jumbo and Coop. Veghel/Velp, 2 July 2018, On behalf of the Executive Board On behalf of the Executive Board On behalf of the Executive Board Sligro Food Group N.V. Jumbo Groep Holding B.V. Coop Holding B.V. Koen Slippens Frits van Eerd Fred Bosch Rob van der Sluijs Ton van Veen Herco Boer 1 PROFILE About Sligro Food Group END OF PRESS RELEASE Sligro Food Group encompasses foodservice companies offering a complete range of food and food-related non-food items and services in the wholesale food and beverages For media enquiries: markets in the Netherlands and Belgium. -
The Benelux Food Retail Market Retail Foods Netherlands
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: 6/25/2012 GAIN Report Number: NL2014 Netherlands Retail Foods The Benelux Food Retail Market Approved By: Mary Ellen Smith Prepared By: Marcel Pinckaers Report Highlights: The turnover of the Benelux food retail industry for 2011 is estimated at € 56.3 billion. For 2012, turnover is expected to increase by 2.5 percent. The retail market is fairly consolidated. Top 3 food retailers in the Netherlands have a market share of 64 percent while in Belgium the leading 3 retailers have 72 percent of the market. Sustainable food (including organic products) is one of the most important growth markets in food retail. The market share for private label products continues to go up in both Belgium and the Netherlands. The demand for convenient, healthy and new innovative products continues to be strong. Post: The Hague SECTION I. MARKET SUMMARY Benelux Food Retail Market Approximately 80 percent of the Dutch food retail outlets are full service supermarkets, operating on floor space between 500 and 1,500 square meters located downtown and in residential areas. Retailers with full service supermarkets have responded to the need of the Dutch to have these supermarkets close to their house. The remaining 20 percent includes mainly convenience stores (near office buildings and train/metro stations), some wholesalers and just a few superstores (convenient located alongside highways in shopping malls and industrial parks). The Belgians show a different shopping pattern. -
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
2 Translated Annual report 2019 Jumbo Group Holding B.V. 3 4 Contents Foreword 6 Key data 10 2019 Highlights 16 Report from the Management Board 18 The environment in which we operate 20 Our organisation 22 Our mission, vision and strategy 25 Strengthening the Jumbo formula 29 Always and everywhere 32 Service for the future 34 Enterprising organisation 37 La Place 40 Risk management 42 Corporate governance 46 Our stakeholders and the materiality matrix 50 Material topics 56 Report from the Supervisory Board 72 Annual accounts 2019 74 Consolidated balance sheet as of 29 December 2019 76 Consolidated income statement for 2019 77 Consolidated statement of comprehensive result for 2019 78 Consolidated cash flow statement for 2019 79 Consolidated movements in group equity 2019 80 Notes to the consolidated financial statements 81 Notes to the consolidated balance sheet 94 Notes to the consolidated income statement 119 Company balance sheet as of 29 December 2019 126 Company income statement for 2019 127 Notes to the company financial statements 128 Notes to the company balance sheet 129 Other explanations and the signatures on the financial statements 131 Other information 132 Profit appropriation according to the articles of association 133 Independent auditor's report 134 About this report 135 Translated Annual report 2019 Jumbo Group Holding B.V. 5 Foreword We look back on Jumbo’s 2019 financial year, the year on which this report focuses, with satisfaction and pride. We would not have been able to achieve these results without the dedication of all our employees and entrepreneurs. We offer them our sincere thanks for their amazing contribution over the past year.