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Painted Tombs in Etruria

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Painted Tombs in Etruria PAINTED TOMBS IN ETRURIA A CATALOGUE BY ERIK POULSGAARD MARKUSSEN 'L'ERMA" DI BRETSCHNEIDER ROME MCMXCIII ANALECTA ROMANA INSTITUTI DANICI Supplementum XVII PAINTED TOMBS IN ETRURIA A CATALOGUE ANALECTA ROMANA INSTITUTI DANICI, SUPPLEMENTUM XVII Accademia di Danimarca, 18, Via Omero, 1-00197, Rome Editors: Otto Steen Due, Karen Ascani and Jesper Carlsen Lay-out and photocomposition by the editors © 1993 "L'Erma" di Bretschneider, Rome ISBN 88-7062-727-6 Data Copyright © 1991 by Calculus, S0ndre Boulevard 27, DK-4930 Maribo. Denmark. System PTEC"' is a trademark of Calculus. All rights reserved. No part of these data may be reproduced, stored in a database or a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Calculus. The journal ANALECTA ROMANA INSTITUTI DANICI (ARID) publishes studies within the main range of the academy's research activities: the arts and humanities, history and archeology. Intending contributors should get in touch with the editors, who will supply a set of guidelines and establish a deadline. A print of the article (or book), preferably accompanied by a disk containing the text in Dos-ascii format should be sent to the editors, Accademia di Danimarca, 18 Via Omero, 1-00197 Roma, tel. (06) 32 00 951, fax (06) 32 22 717. Contents Acknowledgements Introduction I. Research • H II. Bibliography 27 III. Periodicals and Series , 110 IV. Provenances : ¡• -^ • ^..^ »...,.... .>.<..,.. 130 V. Ibmbs ...,..,.....,. ÍM VI. Catalogue 135 VII. Synonymy • • • 191 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The idea of an electronical catalogue, always years for the research, travels, equipment, accessible and up to date, came while toiling and pubhshing. at the traditional card indices for the "Painted • The Ny Carlsberg Foundation who made it Tombs in Etruria - a Bibliography" from 1979. possible for me to visit the "Progetto Etrus- The concept was quite simple, but due to the chi" exhibitions in Toscana in 1985. rapid development of the electronic media, • The Accademia di Danimarca in Rome for the realization of such a database has passed the accomodation, advice, and assistance, through several metamorphoses. not to mention the accept of this volume for The necessary algorithms for combining the series of Supplementa to the Analecta a complexed internal structure with an easy Romana Instítutí Danici, and the publisher approach for the unexperienced user kept "L'Erma" di Bretschneider. the students and the teacher Torben Moller • The Department of Classical Studies at the Christensen at the DOU [Datacentret for de Odense University, which was the physical Odenseanske Uddannelsesinstitutioner] busy base throughout the years. at the mainframe at Odense University; later - • The Odense University Library who has been in 1984 and 1985 - the computer assistants Per able to procure almost any requested literal Philipsen and Keld Hansen tried to join the item. lose ends. • Dr. Lucia Cavagnaro Vanoni of the Fon- At this point I realized that the Personal dazione Lerici in Rome for the discussions Computer was the right medium for the and admisssion to the files. database system: its capacity and speed had • Dr. Stephan Steingräber in Mainz and his reached a useable level, and the decentralized "Etruskische Wandmalerei" which relieved aspect of distributed diskettes instead of pe- me of the pictorial documentation. ripheral connections to a single central unit • Prof John Peter Oleson of the University of was the right way. Victoria, Canada, for the connections to the The base and program (written in COBOL rock cut tombs. and DMS) was transferred to the PC, and I had • Prof. David Richway, University of Edin- to rewrite the source code (at that time the burgh, and prof. Francesco Roncalli, Uni- available COBOL PC-compiler used only a sub- versità degli Studi di Perugia, for their thor- set of the ANSI standard). The reduced set of ough support of the project. commands gave rise to several problems, so the • ...and all the others in Odense, Copenhagen, system was totally rewritten in Assembler and C. Rome, Tarquinia, etc. A project like this would have been impos- ..but naturally 1 am alone responsible for any sible without the help, support, and criticism errors or omissions which remain, so from seleval people and institutions; especially I would like to express my gratitute to: Salvo errore et omissione - • The Carlsberg Foundation who generously granted the necessary amounts over the Erik Poulsgaard Markussen Maribo 1991. INTRODUCTION The tomb paintings in Etruria adorned the 10 year groups of the works from the Biblio- walls and ceilings of subterrenean chambers, graphy, quoted by author, title, and year of pu- cut into the rock and basicly imitating the hou- blication. This gives a historical outiine of the ses of the living with an almost rectangular study of the Etruscan painted tombs. The "Bib- shape, roofed and accessed from the open air liography" is the main chapter in this part. The through a dromos and a normally closed en- authors are arranged alphabetically according trance. The decoration was attached "al fresco" to the surname, and tides by the same aut- usually in one or more horizontal friezes sepa- hor chonologicaîly. When an author has two or rating the pediments and ceiling. This type of more publications within the same year, these upper class burial monument was introduced are distinguished by alphabetizing the year. Pe- to Southern Etruria in the 7th century B.C. and riodicals are cited in full name, numbers indi- established with Tarquinia as the main centre cate pages, "fig." means text figure, and "pi." in the archaic and classical periods. The hel- are plates (though the publication itself may lenistic influence dissolved the traditional con- use different terms). The discussed tombs are cept in complexed forms: irregular chambers, named with main references; no pages indicate often more than one, flat ceihngs {no pedi- that this tomb is used throughout the work. ments), the use of sarcophagi etc., and it vani- The "Periodicals" are listed in alphabetic order shed in the 1st century B.C. with the Romans and chronologically for each item. The single into their columbaria. volume has references to the quoted work(s). This Catalogue attempts to provide a com- The "Catalogue" part comprises the painted plete list of these painted Etruscan tombs, com- tombs, arranged according to the provenance bined with a thorough bibliographical docu- and for each site the significant part of the mentation. Each tomb is connected to one or name. more literary work, and each of these is likewise The "Provenances" employ the classical na- connected to one or more tombs. These con- mes when known, and synonyms are given. nections and their order establish the two main The 'Tombs" are listed in the order descri- parts: the Library and the Catalogue, while the bed above, and the "Catalogue" gives the bib- sorted data are found in the Indices, liographical information of each tomb, quoted The tripartite "Library" part starts with the chronologically, stating the author's surname, "Research": a chronological survey divided in year of publication, and reference. I RESEARCH 1720-29 AWOLTA. CARLO: Dipinture tarquiniensi ora pente DEMPSTER. THOMAS: De Etruria regali libri VII nunc (I). (1831) primum editi curante Thoma Coke. Vol. I-II. (1723- FOSSATI, MELCHIADE & MANZI. P.: Monumenti dell'Etru- 1724) ria. (1831) GERHARD, EDUARD: Pitture Tarquiniensi. (1831) 1730-39 MANZI, P. Sc FOSSATI. MELCHL\DE: Pitture Tarquiniensi. GORl. ANTONIO FRANCESCO: Museum etruscum exi- (1831) bens insignia veterum Etruscorum monumenta ae- RUSPI. CARLO: Le dipinture tarquiniensi dell'ultimo réis tabulis CC. nunc primum edita et illustrata ob- scoperte. (1831) servantionibus. Accedunt G.B. Passerii dissertationes GERHARD, EDUARD: Scavi ctTuschi. (1831 a) V nunc primum editae. Vol. MIL (1737 & 1743) AWOLTA. CARLO: Grotte di Corneto. (1832) CAMILU: Sepolcro presso Bomarzo. (1832) 1740-49 GERHARD, EDUARD: Ausgrabungs-Berichte; von E. Ger- GORI, ANTONIO FRANCESCO: De etruscorum antiquis hard und T. Panofka. (1833) privatis aedificiis. (1743) INGHIRAMI, FRANCESCO & VALERIANI, DOMENICO: Etrusco Museo Chiusino. (1833) 1760-69 KELLERMANN. O.: Iscrizioni EtTusche. (1833) WINKELMANN, JOHANN JOACHIM: Geschichte der Kunst KESTNER, AUGUSTO: Sopra le antiche dipinture de due des Altertums. (1763-68) altre tombe recentemente discoperte ai Montarozzi WINKELMANN. JOHANN JOACHIM: Geschichte der Kunst e presso il Ponte della Badia. (1833) des Altertums. (1764) MICALI, GIUSEPPE: Monumenti per serviré alla storia WINKELMANN. JOHANN JOACHIM: Monumenli Antichi degli antichi popoli italiani. (1833) Inediti. (1767) PANOFKA, THEODOR: Peintures de Tarquinies. (1833) GERHARD, EDUARD (ED.): Hyperboreisch-Römische 1810-19 Studien für Archäologie. Vol. 1-U. (1833 & 1852) MICALI, GIUSEPPF.: Ï.'Italia avanti il Dominio dei Ro- GELL, WILLIAM: The Topography of Rome and its Vi- mani. (1810) cinity. (1834) MICAI,I, GIUSEPPE: Antichi Monumenti per Serviré KESTNER. AUGUSTO: Details sur la Grotta Francesca. airopera intitula L'Italia avanti il Dominio dei Ro- (1834) mani. (1810 a) KRAMER, G,: Scavi di Cerveteri. (1834) ORIOLI, FRANCESCO: Sopra alcuni monumenti figurad 1820-29 della Etruria. (1834) ALBERTI. FEDELE: Storia di Bieda città antichissima INGHIRAMI, FRANCESCO: Sugli ultimi ritrovamenti di della Toscana suburbicaria. (1822) antiche pitture sotterranee nei sepolcri di Chiusi. GERHARD,
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