Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-57638-4 — Migration, Mobility and Place in Ancient Italy Elena Isayev Index More Information

Index

Abella, 337 Vilicus, 225, 392 Aborigines, 90, 91, 94 See also, Peasant, Villa, Animal Husbandry, Absence, 47, 394 Mago Absolute Space/Approach, See Place and Space Agrigentum, 267, 280, 283, 301 Abydus, 280 Agrippa, See Map of Agrippa Acarnians, 277 Agyris/Agyrium, 294 Achaea/ns, 131, 241, 285, 287 Aitia,92 League, 236, 237 Alabanda, 264 See Also, Treaties – Romano-Achaean Alalia/Aleria, 110, 116 Adria/Hatria, 110, 124, 321 Alba Fucens, 179, 320 Adriatic, 74, 80, 101, 124, 235 Alban Hills / Mount, 140, 326 See also Routeways Alexander the Great, 137, 176, 238, 420 Adscriptio, 349 Alexander the Molossian, 137 Aeclanum, 315, 317–19, 348, 353 Alexandria/ns, 56, 78, 227, 305, 306, 384, Aegina, 118 394, 416 Aegosagae, See Gaul Alexis, 201, 202, 207, 218 Aemelia, 124 Alexon, 301 Aemelius Paullus, 26, 233, 240, 285 Alienigena, See Foreign/er Aeneas, 90, 252, 369, 411 Alienus, See Foreign/er Aesculapius, See Sanctuary Allegiance, See Belonging Aesernia, 321, 326 Allia, 364 Aetolia/ns, 197, 204, 218, 232, 253, 277, Alps, See Mountains 286, 291 Altar, 409 League, 236 Ambassadors, See Diplomats Africa, 113, 163, 176, 192, 208, 398 Amber, See Trade Agathocles, 113, 165, 168, 280 Ambulatio, 382 Agathyrna, 283 Amendolara, 131 Age, See Life-Cycle Americas, 11, 56, 129, 379, 387, 418 Agelaus, 232, 291 First Nations People, 380 Agency (Action/Power/Drive), 34, 126, 129, Amin, 390 139, 149, 181, 186, 195, 220, 221, 222, Amphipolis, 240 228, 257, 268, 276, 297, 306, 341, 422, Amphorae, See Trade 430 Anacyclosis, 229 See also, Rome as mover of people Anagnia, 265 Ager Publicus, See State Settlement Programs – Anchor, 118 Land Distribution Andromache, 409 Ager Romanus, 365 Aneroëstes, 284 Ager Taurasinus,20 Animal Husbandry, 33, 84 See also, Displacement, Liguria Transhumance, 31, 82, 337 Agrasius, 383 See also, Agriculture Agreements, See Treaties Antiochus III, 247, 249, 253, 283, 290 Agriculture, 24, 74, 383, 384 Antiochus IV, 240, 253, 255, 261, 278 Small Holder/ Farmer/Peasant, 30, 225, Antiquarianism, 354, 357 226, 227 Antium, 46, 270 Viticulture/Wine, 76, 114, 121 Aosta, 123 Agrarian Knowledge, 175 Apasiacae, 290 504

Index 505

Apennines, See Mountains Atrium Libertatis, 256 Aphaia, 116 Attaleia, 295 Apis, 287 Attalus, 52, 292, 293, 295, 344 Apoikia, See State Settlement Programs Attic, See Greek Apollo, 168, 294 Atticus, 402 Apollonia, 257 Audience, 197, 198, 200, 207, 212 Apollonius Argonautika, 200, 389, 393 Aufidena, 321 Apollonius from Syria, 264 Augé, 391 Appian, 50, 326 Auguraculum, 328 Appius Claudius, 81 Augustus, 7, 23, 25, 26, 29, 58, 66, 248, 250, 319, Apulia, 62, 74, 179, 202, 209 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 361, 367, 372, Aquae Sextiae, 58 380, 385–9, 407, 408, 411, 414, 418 Aquileia, 239 Res Gestae, 387, 418 Aquitani, 58 Auspices, 415 Ara Maxima in Forum Boarium, 207 Autochthony, 4, 38, 90, 95, 369, 392 Aravaci, 250 Aztec, 387 Arcadians, 414 Archaeological Survey, 154, 227 Babylon, 238 Architecture Gen, 166, 331 Bacchiad, 99 Archytas, 165 Bactria, 291 Arctic, 229 Baecula, 284 Ardea, 270, 396, 398, 399 Baggage, See Families Arezzo, 140 Balbus, 397 Argonauts, See Apollonius Balearic Islands, 48 Ariminum, 73 Baltics, 123 Aristocratic Diasporas (Medieval), 103 Banking, 54, 212, 213, 225, 357 Aristocracy, See Elite Networks Banqueting, 80, 101, 110, 148, 158 Aristotle, 114, 134, 339 Tricarico Banquet Complex, 161 Aristoxenos, 173 Bantia, 314 See also, Lex Osca Armour, 170, 334 Barbarian, 35, 88, 112, 170, 202, 271, 279, 286, Army, See Military 288, 289, 291, 303, 400 Arpinum, 261, 313, 339, 401, 402, 403, 410 Rome as Barbarian, 291 Asia (Minor), 3, 16, 18, 19, 21, 29, 35, 49–56, Belli, 250 59, 61, 65, 66, 232, 238, 290, 292–3, Belonging/Allegiance/Loyalty, 12, 302, 311, 316–17, 342, 350, 358, 383, 419, 421, 312, 313, 316, 317, 318, 323, 338, 350, 425 358, 360, 364, 394, 395, 397, 401 See Also, Massacre 88 BC See also, Patria, Home, Origin Asian (East), 119 Beneventum, 73, 321 Aspis, Libya, 267 Berlusconi, 14 Assembly, See Gatherings Bioarchaeology, 21, 119 Asylum/Refuge, 50, 59, 106, 275, 277, 365, Stable Isotope Analysis, 21, 34 397, 423 Black Sea, 96, 192 Asylia, 247, 370 Boar Hunt, 221, 263, 265 Asylum – Rome, 39, 278, 306, 369, 370 Boats and Ships, 4, 31, 74–8, 85–6, 104, 115, Asylum Seekers/Refugees, 23, 39, 276, 369 127, 225, 234, 263, 264–5, 270, 279, 284 Vagrants/Vagabond, 39, 72 Giglio Campese shipwreck, 114 See also, Displacement, Expulsion, Exile, Grand Ribaud F – shipwreck, 76–7, 114 Wander Palaestra – shipwrecked girl, 197, 201 Athens/ians, 38, 56, 57, 90, 129, 137, 192, 218, Rudens play shipwreck, 222, 427 276, 297, 369, 402, 403 Ulu Burun – shipwreck, 16 Athens as Refuge, 278 Syrakousia of Hiero II, 78 Roman Agora, 61 Boeotia, 62, 201 Athesia, See Perfidy Boii, 254 Atlantic, 74 Bolivia, 239 Atria, 248 Bologna, see Felsina

506 Index

Borders – See Boundaries Caravan, 294 Boundaries, 6, 90, 101, 105, 227, 237, 240, 328, Carthage, 77, 102, 114, 115, 127, 175, 185, 211, 336–7, 350, 351, 359, 370–8, 386, 399, 221, 245, 256, 263, 264, 267, 325 408, 415–16, 432 Carthage in Sicily/ Epicracy, 137, 166, 167, Physical, 10–12, 13–15, 19, 23–4, 38, 46, 65, 176, 272, 273 110, 231, 306, 339, 356, 360, 372, 374, Carthaginians in Italy, 207 390, 401, 420 Carthaginians in Comedy, 200–9, 218 Socio-Cultural, 4, 30, 41, 184, 196, 215, 216, Destruction in 146 BC, 288 372, 391, 424 Carthaginian Mercenaries, See Mercenaries Frontier, 13, 128, 390 Hostages – See Hostages See also, Pomerium, Passport, Walls, See also, Treaties – Romano-Carthaginian Migration – Control, Maps Cartography/Countercartography, See Map Boundary Stone, See Terminus Cassius Dionysius of Utica, 208 Bourdieu, 312 Castricii, 21, 62, 63 Bovianum, 321, 326 Catania, 168, 287 Braida di Vaglio, 149 Cato, 90, 183, 202, 255, 381 Braudel, 7 Origines, 60, 93–5, 238, 306, 325 Brettel and Hollifield, 10 Rants contra merchants / foreign influence, Bricolage, 178, 180 72, 225, 242, 392 British Empire, 26 Catullus, 3, 9, 15, 54, 61, 214, 286, 356, 419, 421 Broodbank, 16 Caudine Forks, 254 Brundisium, 73, 250 Caunos, 53, 59 Bruttium/Bruttians, 149, 164, 165, 245, 283 Celts/ic, 88, 93, 108, 109 Chapter 4, 115, 118, Buccino/Volcei, 157 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 134, 204 Bulgaria, 16 Celtic Mercenaries/ Celtiberians, 113, 299, Burials, See Funerary 303, 315 Buxentum, 42, 45, 180, 181 See also, Gaul Byzantium, 96, 291 Cemeteries, See Funerary Census, See Demography Cabotage, See Trade Centralisation, 12, 110, 131, 132, 139 Chapter Caduceus, 156, 157 5, 144, 165 Caere, 72, 76, 77, 78, 81, 85, 86, 115, 118, 140, Centripetal Migration, See Mobility 221, 236, 341, 356, 364, 412, 414 Ceramics, See Trade – Pottery Pyrgi, 72, 76, 81, 86, 118, 124, 273 Cerceii/Circeii, 260, 265, 270 Caesar, 9, 25, 37, 47, 48, 58, 60, 61, 248, 321, Cersosimo, 154 339, 340, 341, 345, 367, 372, 376, 385, Cerveteri Relief, 356 389, 397, 400, 409 Chaeron, 276, 287 Calendar, 415 Chaos, See Stability – Destabilising Calydon, 101, 209, 218, 221 Chariot, 79, 117 Camillus, 366, 376 Children, See Families See also, Livy – Camillus Speech Chinese Porcelain, 108 Campania/ians, 62, 81, 100, 112, 137, 168, 182, Chiusi, 140 280, 287, 293, 294, 300, 317 Chora, 154 Campus Martius, 371, 385 Cicero, 36, 226, 261, 313, 315, 320, Canals, 85 339, 409 Cannae, 161, 230, 282, 283, 285, 302 Exile, 396, 398, 399 Canusium, 84 Patria, 347, 395, 401, 402, 410, 416 Capena, 85 Pro Archia, 349 Capital City / Caput Imperii, 7, 313, 320–6, 346, See also, Patria, Exile 358, 395, 416, 418 Cilento, 146 See also Polis, Corfinium, Rome, Social War Cippus Abellanus, 337 Capitol/Capitoline Temple/ Capitolia, See Cisalpine Gaul, See Gaul Rome Citizen/ship, 6, 12, 13, 21, 32, 36–44, 49, 59, Capua, 73, 81, 110, 128, 164, 168, 175, 177, 60–1, 179, 184, 196–7, 210, 216, 257, 281 218–19, 225–7, 265, 268, 272, 275, 276,

Index 507

278, 280, 281, 283, 285, 296, 297–9, Conventus Civium Romanorum, See Diaspora 303–6, 361, 366, 368, 370–1, 377, 385, Co-Presence, 108 392, 396, 397, 398, 399–403, 406, 408, Corduba, 60 414, 420, 421, 422, 424 Core and Periphery Model, 142 Disenfranchisement, 44 Corfinium, Chapter 9, 311, 312, 313, 320–6, Social War Citizenship, Chapter 9 ,7, 311, 356, 416, 420 345–51, 358 Italica, 324 Laws/Bills: By Flaccus, 45 See also, Capital City, Social War per migrationem et censum,40–2 Corinth, 98, 99, 105, 106, 176, 249, 285 See also, Lex Plautia Papiria, Lex Julia Destruction in 146 BC, 288 Cisalpine Gaul Citizenship, 9, 361 Coriolanus, 104 Athenian, 90 Corn Supply to Rome, 86 To Veientines, 366 Corsica, 45, 110, 116, 235, 272 Modern, 12, 14, 15 Corsini Throne, 355 Citizenship as enticement/incentive/com- Cos, 53 pensation, 35, 38, 45, 100, 103, 168, 293 Cosmopolitan/ism, 7, 27, 44, 63, 90, 107, 119, Citizenship in Comedy, 196, 197 125, 127, 197, 265, 305, 311, 392, 408 Universae Civitatis, 350 Cosmos, 377 Dual Citizenship, 397 Cossutii, 21 See also, Colonisation, Civitas, Athens Couriers, 212 City, 271 Courtesans, See Prostitution See also, Urbs, Rome Courtyard Houses, See Houses City-State, See Polis Crafts/men, 80, 98, 99, 105, 106, 112, 116, 166 Civic Status, See Citizen/ship See also, Vulca Civil Wars, 314, 321, 341, 345, 358 Crassus, 36 Civita Di Tricarico, 146–64 Cremona, See Gaul Civitas, 92, 156 Crete, 296 Civitas Foederata, 377 Critias, 113 Civitas Libera, 377, 398 Crocifisso, 80 Clan, See Gentes Croton, See Kroton Claudii, 169 Cumae, 78, 86, 128, 132, 168, 185 Claudius Emperor, 356, 372 Cuniculi, 110 Clayworth and Cogenhoe Demographic Curse Tablets / Defixio : 116, 177 Study, 29 Customs House, See Harbours – Port Duty Cleomenes, 294 Cyclical/Circular Mobility, See Mobility Climate, 24, 85, 182, 183 Cyprus, 16 Clodius, 399, 405 Cyrus, 295 Cloelia, 258 Codex Xolotl, 387 Dacia, 45 Cognatio,95 Dalmatia, 248 Colonisation, See State Settlement Programs Daphne, 240 Commercium,41 Dardanus, 221 Commigrare, See Mobility Daunia, 177 Compitaliastai, See Delos Dazimos, 126 Compsa, 317 De Certeau, 390, 404 Condottieri, See Military Debtors, 277 Connectivity, 7, 16, 22, 55, 61, 66, 71, 80 Decimus Silanus, 208 Chapter 4, 108, 123, 192, 322 Decolonisation, See State Settlement Programs Network Theory, 133 Delos, 45, 55–64, 278 Knowledge Network, 55, 105, 106, 127, 212, Delian College of Compitaliastai, 56, 60 239, 260, 277, 341 Italian Agora, 60 See also, Trade, Globalisation, Elite Network, Delian Association of Alexandrians, 56 Co-Presence, Innovation Phoenecian Marzeah,56 Constantinople, 36, 394 See Also, Harbours – Free port Conubium,41 Delphi, 115

508 Index

Demaratus, 39, 74, 80, 98–100, 114, 142, 185 Domicilium, 37, 219 Demetrius Soter from Syria, 253, 255, 260–5 Resident, 11, 12, 44, 349 Demetrius son of Philip V, 253, 262 See Also Foreigner – incolae, Metic Democracy, Radical, 304 Domus, See Home Demography, 5, 18 Chapter 2, 127, 163, 176, Durkheim, 15 180, 182, 268 Dyrrhacium, 257 Numbers/Figures – Believable?, 5, 18, 50, 65, 181, 230, 267 Earthquakes, See Landslides Rate of Mobility, 21, 23, 26, 30, 32, 66 Economic Mobility, See Mobility – Push–pull, Outsiders as one 3rd of population, 26, Foreigner – Economic Migrant 32, 118 Education (Abroad), See Study Early/Modern Mobility Rates, 23, 24, Egypt/ians, 16, 58, 264–5, 295, 305, 319 29–30, 32 Elite Network/Power, 9, 39, 53, 59, 75, 80–1, 93, Population of Italy Estimates, 23, 24, 25, 26 98–104, 105, 110, 114–20, 127, 132–3, Greece Demography, 29, 32 141, 143, 146–86, 241–65, 274, 311, Census, 18, 24, 26, 40, 46, 314, 315, 347, 348, Chapter 9, 341, 342, 392 385, 386 During Social War, 317–20, 340 Mortality, 19, 27 Ornamentalism, 226 Fertility, 19, 27 Horizontal Ties, 104 Sex Ratios, 34 See also Integration, Plebeians – Patricians, See also, Slave – Numbers, Foreigner – Hospes, Tessera Hospitalis Proportion, Overpopulation, Emathia, 286 Citizenship Embassy, See Diplomats Demosia, 156 Emigration, See Mobility Departure Scenes, 171, 200 Emporia, See Trade See also, Homecoming Enclaves, See Diaspora De-Placed, 280, 369, 394 Enemy, See Foreigner – Hostis See also Displacement, Expulsion, Asylulm Enfranchisement, See Citizenship Seekers Ennius, 88, 222, 302, 306, 400, Depopulation, 182 402, 409 Deportation, See Expulsion Enotrian, 146, 149 Diaspora / Enclaves, 56–61 Entanglement, 133, 134–6, 138 Conventus Civium Romanorum,60–1 Entella, 136, 168 See also, Vici Envoys, See Diplomats Diodorus of Syria, 264 Ephesus, 50 Dionysus, 112, 247 Ephorus, 289 Dionysus I, tyrant, 165, 287 Epidamnus, 191 Diplomata,45 Epigraphy, 19, 51, 116, 117, 119, 123, 124, 128, Diplomats/DIplomacy, 237, 241, 246–50, 238, 335 262, 341 Epigraphic Habit, 48, 61–4, 352 Envoys/Ambassadors/Legati, 97, 238, 243, Euergetism, 64, 351–4, 355 244, 247, 252, 254, 256, 257, 291 Onomastics, 62, 118, 169 Embassy 236, 242, 255, 264, 277 Funerary Inscriptions, 63 Proxenia, 252 Epirus/Epirots, 26, 55, 166, 277, 279, 298 Recuperatores, 252 Equestrians/Cavalry/Knights, 52, 146, 163, Displacement, 11, 20, 181, 267, 306, 339, 167, 168, 170, 343 365, 421 Eratosthenes, 383, 384 Stateless, 12, 409 Ergon, 75 See also, De-Placement, Expulsion, Asylum Escape, 258, 260, 261 Seekers Esquiline, 256 Displascere, 212 Este, 124, 140 Distance, 398, 417 Etera/Etru, See Foreign/er – Etrusco-Umbrian DNA Analysis, See Bioarchaeology Ethnicity, 4, 13, 14, 23, 36, 42, 57–8, 71, 88–98, Dolphins, 112, 157 100, 104, 107, 108, 117, 127, 135, 138, Domicile, 37, 350, 397 149, 157, 176, 201–9, 243, 246, 265, 275,

Index 509

278, 292, 304, 315–16, 318, 338, 343–4, Baggage, 293–5 350, 357–8, 370, 415, 422–3 See also, Women ethnic cleansing, 288 Famine, 267 multi-ethnic/multi-cultural, 14, 15 Fanum Voltumnae, See Festivals ethnic Safinim, 336 Farming, See Agriculture Etruria, See Etruscans Fasti Summi Haruspices, 356 Etruscans, 77, 88, 92, 102, 120, 124, 125, Fatherland, See Patria 141, 150, 211, 258, 300, 313, 355, Favell, 10, 14, 15 356, 367 Felsina/Bologna, 110, 119 Etruscans in Gaul, 77, Chapter 4 Ferentinum, 257 Etruscan Mobility/Abroad, 109–17 Feriae Latinae, See Festivals Etruscan League, 109 Fertility, See Demography Etruria, 75, 76, 99, 106, 108, Festivals/ludi, 30, 197, 198, 213, 240, 354 140, 284 Feriae Latinae, 326 Etruscan Trade, 75, 76, 302 Fanum Voltumnae, 327, 353, 356 Etruscan law, 382 Parilia, 372 See also, Gaul, Colonisation Terminalia, 372, 375 Euboea/n, 80, 101, 126, 128, 132, 185 Fetiales, 374 Euclid/ian, 379, 385, 389, 390 Feudalism, 143 Eudoxes, 289 Ficana, 82, 84 Euergetism/Benefaction, See Epigraphy Fidenae, 82 Eumenes I/ II, 237, 250, 295 Fides, See Perfidy Euripides, 409 Figures, See Demography – Numbers Europe, 12, 108, 383 Finance, See Banking, Negotiatores, Publicani Exile, 39, 55, 64, 99, 213, 223, 224, 250, 267, Fines / Confines, 373 276, 302, 357, 367, 395–400 Fixity, 4, 7, 8, 12–13, 14–15, 16, 23, 35, 45, 47, Recall of Exiles, 277, 278 89, 103, 225, 283, 328, 347, 348, 350, See also, Expulsion, Asylum 352, 354, 359, 360, 363, 368, 369, 371, Export, See Trade, Harbours – Port Duty 374, 376, 378, 385–6, 392, 401, 407, 409, Expulsion, 27, 35–42, 168, 181, 240, 243–6, 411, 412, 415, 416, 422 275–9, 281, 287, 289, 342, 398 See also, Territoriality, Absolute Space, Latins from Rome, 29, 36, 216 Stasis, Stability, Mobility, Immobility, Laws of Expulsion, 36, 39–42 Non-Sedentary, Map Sicels from Locri, 134, 135 Flaccus, 37, 45 Workers from Taurisci Gold Mines, 239 Flaminius, C., 288 Carthaginians to Evacuate, 273 Foreign/er, all book, for concept- 6, 9, 12, Athenians evacuate Delos, 278 35–42, 57, 59–60, 62, 198, 200–10, Of Mantineans, 287 216–19, 227, 228, 236 Chapter 7, 305, See also, Exile, Macedonian-Expulsions, 307, 349, 404, 415, 427 Gaul – Expulsions, Sparta, Asylum Proportion of community, 50, 51–6, 57, 60, Seekers, Displacement 63, 64, 65, 90, 117–19, 197, 230 Eythydemus, 290 Foreign Material/Object/Influence, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Chapter 5, 108, 109, Fabii, 104 143, 440 C. Fabius, 412 Foreign Labour, 114 See also, Religion Migrant, all book, for concept – 8, 9, 14, 15, Fabius, 283 23, 39, 216, 297, 368, 397, 425 Fabrateria Nova, 45 Economic migrant, 224, 239 Face-to-face, 391 Migrant quarters in Rome? 58 Fair Promontory, 270, 271 Immigrant/Emigrant, 11, 12, 57, 61, 275 Falerii, 73, 85 Peregrinus, 36, 39, 217 (see also Praetor) Families, 32–4, 44, 52, 60, 181, 191, 213, 254, Transitor, 9 257, 258, 261, 262, 269, 281, 283, 292, Hospes/Guest-Friend, 9, 39, 101–4, 197, 200, 293–5 209, 211, 215–17, 251, 320, 341, Children, 43, 50, 136, 203, 222, 253, 255, 258 398, 427

510 Index

Foreign/er, all book, for concept (cont.) Gela, 157 Hostis / Enemy, 9, 39, 320 Gellius, 402 Incolae, 219, 244, 275 Genoa, 73, 124 Alienigena, 217 Gentes/ Gentium, 62, 92, 103, 104, 341, 408 Alienus, 217 Genthius, 250, 252 Ignotus/Stranger, 197, 210, 217 Geography/ical, 36, 42, 62, 63, 96, 120, 233, Etrusco-Umbrian Terms: Etera/Etru/etc, 114 243, 289, 290, 324, 339, 387, 391, 394, See also, Xenophobia, Migration, Cato, 408, 411 Expulsion, Domicile, local Global Geography, 380 Formae / Formas Publicas, 381, 382 See also, Place and Space, Mapping Fortifications, See Walls Germany, 400 Forum, 328 Global/isation, 8, 10, 15, 23, 115, 192, 321, 323, Forum Boarium, See Rome 340, 380, 391, 392 Fosterage, 251 Global Moment – Polybius, 20, 231–6 Foundation Myths, See Origin Symplokê, 232 Fountain, 331 See also, Local, Connectivity, Trade Francavilla, 133 Golasecca, 123 France, 75, 114, 116 Gold Mines, See Mines See also Gaul Gorgons, 146 Frank Thiess, 400 Gracchan Policies, 26, 37, 47, 52, 184, 288, Fregellae, 32, 44, 45, 257 337, 380 Friend, See Foreigner – Hospes Gravisca, See Tarquinii Frigento, 353 Greek/s, 112, 157, 233, 271, 305 Frontier, See Boundary Greek Settlers/Traders/Distributors, 16, 93, Funerary Sphere, 116, 117 117, 118, 125, 126–38, 175 Burials, 79 Greeks in Asia Minor, 54 Funerary Deposits, 79 Greeks in Rome/influence, 59, 106, 240–2 Cemeteries, 110, 118, 132, 146 Greekness/identity, 89, 90, 92, 96, 241 Painted Tombs-Poseidonia, 170, 199 Greek Exile, 397 See also, Bioarchaeology, Epigraphy Attic, 116 See also, Athens, Colonisation – apoikia Gaius Quinctius Valgus, 353 Greek Plays, 196, 200 Gallic, See Gaul New Comedy, 192 Garum, 214 Griffin, 146, 329 Gateways, See Trade – Trading Hubs, Middle Grumentum, 182 Ground Guest / Guest-Friendship, See Foreigner – Gatherings, 84, 158, 312, 326–38, 356 Hospes, Hospitality, Tessera Hospitalis Assembly/Council, 30, 304, 322, 371 See also, Festivals, Sanctuaries Haliartus, 278 Gaul/Gallic/Gauls, 48–9, 58, 75, 92, 93, 109, Hallstatt, 123 Chapter 4, 143, 170, 181, 185, 259, 291, Hannibal, 202, 204, 206, 274, 280, 282, 283, 300, 301, 342, 389, 398, 421, 423 286, 297, 302 Gauls in North Italy, 119–25 Statues in Rome, 208 Cisalpine Gaul, 9, 27, 37, 88, 180, 182, 282 Hannibalic War, See Punic War II Placentia and Cremona, 180–1, 182, 290 Hanno the explorer, 221 Aegosagae, 292–5, 422 Harbours, Ports and Quays, 44, 55, 71, 74, 75, Gallic Wars 225 BC, 20, 163, 180, 237, 267, 76, 77, 78, 81, 85, 86, 87, 100, 118, 124, 284–5, 288 127, 212, 227, 236, 270 Gallic Expulsions, 278–9, 287–8 Port Duty, Control, Tax, 12, 227, 272, 424 Gallic Sack – Rome, Chapter 10, Chapter 11, Port Sanctuary, 56, 72 43, 120, 122 Free Port Delos, 55–6, 60, 243 In Relation to LIvy’s Camillus’s Speech, 361, See Also, Delos, Puteoli, Caere-Pyrgi, 362 Tarquinii – Gravisca, Portus, Ostia, See also, Livy – Camillus Speech, Celts, Tiber – port, Adria, Toll Gate Etruscans in Gaul, France Harvey, 13, 390, 392, 408, 410

Index 511

Hasdrubal, 284, 290 Illyria, 55, 233, 235, 236, 257 Hatria, See Adria Immigration, See Migration Hawaii, 141 Immobility, 6, 30, 61, 66, 374, Hearth, 409 411, 414 Common Hearth, 411, 412 As virtue, 9, 22 See also, Home See also, Stasis, Fixity Hegesias, 249 Imperium, 377, 398 Heidegger, 410 Import, See Trade, Harbours – Port Duty Hellenistic, See Greek Incolae, See Foreign/er Helots, 276 India, 26, 192, 229 Heraclea/Siris, 59, 137 Ingold, 379, 393, 410 Herculaneum, 317 Inhabitant, 197, 217, 407 Hercules, See Sanctuaries See Also, Local, Resident Heritage, 355 Innere Émigré, 400 Hernici, 44 Innovation, 55, 75, 93, 104–7, 136, 166, 413 Herodian, 394 Technology, 7, 22, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, Herodotus, 233 85, 99, 100, 105, 106, 108, 127, 143, 175, Hesperia, 88, 420 183, 382, 417, 424 Hestia, 411 See also Connectivity, Trade Heterarchical, 311 Inscriptions, See Epigraphy Heuneburg, 123 Integration, 57, 58, 59, 66, 132, Himera, 166 133, 136, 180, 262, 311, Chapter 9, Hippias, 243 312, 317 Hipponion, 153, 164 International Law, See Treaties Hirpinia, 182, 315, 317–19, 353 Intersection, See Place and Space Home, 221 Ionian League, 250 Domus, 223, 400, 403, 405, 409–12, 416 Ischia, 126 Romulus’s Hut, 412 Isotopes, See Bioarchaeology See also, Origin, Patria, Cicero, Hearth Italica, Italy, See Corfinium Homecoming, 172, 198–200, 285, 428 Italica, Spain, 325 See also, Departure Italikoi, See Italy Homer, 409 Italy/Italia, 8, 71, 109, 231, Homophuloi, See Kinship 273, 344 Horace, 179 Peninsula, 72, 88, 111, 126, 183, 317, 342, Horden and Purcell, 7, 16, 72 383, 384, 398 Horse Sacrifice, 97, 98 Division into Regions, 386 Hospes, See Foreign/er Italia / Italy Concept, 93, 94, 231, 237–8, 324, Hospitality, 98, 101–4, 168, 199, 200, 209, 210, 325, 347 217–18, 256, 276, 340, 428 Italia /Viteliu on Coins, See Social War- Public Hospitality, 200, 249, 255, 341, 432 Coins Villa Publica, 249, 255 Italians, 52, 89, 236, 241, 282, 297, 314, See also, Hospes, Tessera Hospitalis 349, 355 Hostages, 250–65 Italikoi/Italici,51 Carthaginian, 44, 203, 208, 256–7 Italians in Carthage, 244, 245 Hostis, See Foreign/er Multi-Polar:/Focal 186, 311, 312, 322 Houses, 131, 132, 133, 146, 152, 153, 154, 161, Italians in the Roman Senate, See Rome 175, 385, 405 Itinerarium / Itinerary, 383, 388, 389, 390, 393 Courtyard Houses, 154, 157 Ius Migrandi, See Migration Hybridity, 129 Ivory, 80 Hyrcania, 290 Jerusalem, 51 Iasos, 51 Jews, 53, 58 Ignotus, See Foreign/er Josephus, 53 Iguvium, 356 Journey, 17, 71, 197, 220, 221, 378, 383, Ilium, See Troy 389, 393

512 Index

Journey (cont.) Laurentium, 270 Varro’s aunt, 33 Laws, See specific laws under Lex, Citizenship – See also, Pause, Mobility, Place and Space – Laws Meshworks, Travel, Periplus Lefebvre, 329, 379, 380, 391 Jugurtha, 29 Lemnos/ian, 213, 278 Julio-Claudians, 355 Lepontic, 123 Juno of Veii, 414 Letters, 212 Jupiter, 110 Levant, 16, 226, 302 Just War, 289, 303 Lex Agraria, 37, 38, 47, 324, 337, 373, 381 Justinian, 36 Lex Clodia, 398 Lex Coloniae Genetivae, 38, 46, 219, 341 Kalaprena, 118 Lex de Provinciis Praetoriis,52 Kandinsky, 360 Lex Flavia,38 Katacina, 118, 123 Lex Hieronica, 175 Kinship, 59, 71, Chapter 3, 91, 92, 95–8, 124, Lex Irnitana, 219 249, 291 Lex Julia, 313, 347, 349 Homophuloi, 281 Lex Licinia Mucia,38 See also, Origin Lex Osca Tabulae Bantinae, 46, 47, 314, 355 Kipp-Schortman Model, 141 Lex Oscan from Roccagloriosa, 156 Knights, See Equestrians Lex Papia, 36, 37 Koinon,57 Lex Plautia Papiria, 347, 348, 349 Kroton, 131, 137, 165 Lex Repetundarum,37 Ktiseis,92 Lex Tarentina,46 Kypselos, 99 Liberalism, 392 Libya, 14, 271 L. Hostilius Mancinus, 380 Life-cycle/Age, 6, 22, 196, 225, 253 L’Amastuola, 133 Liguria/ns, 20, 92, 112, 123, 124, 140, 300 La Tene, 108, 120, 123 Displaced by Rome, 181 Labour/ Employment/Occupations, 27, 31, 32, Lilybaeum, 267 54, 175, 227 Limen, 373 Seasonal Labour, 224 Limes/Limites, 373 See also, Foreign – Labour, Slaves Liminality, 326 Labour Party – British, 14 Liparians, 115 Lampsakos, 249 Livy, 121, 313, 361, 382, 390, 406, 416 Land, See Territory Camillus Speech, Chapter 10, Chapter 11, Land Division/Distribution, See State Appendix D, 7, 326, 347, 360, 361–71, Settlement programs 392, 394, 395, 413, 431 Landslides, 149, 160 See also, Camillus Language, 100, 124, 173, 200, 302, 355, 402 Loans, See Banking Lanuvium, 140 Local/locality/locationality, 5, 197, 217, 312, Laos, 150, 177 320, 322, 339, 352, 355, 356, 361, 389, Lappa, 280 391, 392, 393, 402, 415 Lares and Penates, 223, 411, 412 See also, Inhabitant Lares Compitalis,56 Locri/ Locri Epyzephyrii, 134–6, 168, 306 Late Antiquity, 9, 22, 72, 252 Lombardy, 123 Latins, 91, 178, 257, 270, 313 London, 322 Latin League, 179 Love, 213, 223, 399 Latin Rights, See Ius migrandi, conubium, Loyalty, See Belonging commercium Lucan, 376 Latin Expulsion from Rome, See Exuplions – Lucania, 144–84, 317 Latin Lucanisation?, 149 See also, State Settlement Programs – Latin Luceria, 280 Colonies Lucius Albinius, 364 Latinus, 252, 382 Lucius Quinctius Flamininus, 249 Latium, 100, 140, 142, 181, 272, 338 Lucumo, 99

Index 513

Lycians, 97 Mark Antony, 394, 416 Lyciscus, 291 Markets, See Trade Lysimichians, 278 Marrucini, 348 Lyttians, 280 Marsic War, See Social War Marx, 15 Macedon, 55, 154, 166, 175, 277, 285, 290 Marzabotto, 110, 119 Macedonian Expulsion, 240–4, 286 Mass Mobility, See Mobility Macellum, 208 Massacres/Death Tolls: Magii of Hirpinia/Campania, 317–19, 340, 346, Asia Minor of Rhomaioi 88 BC, 18, 29, 348, 353 49–56, 59, 64, 316, 350, 419 Magistri Pagorum, 354 Numidia of Roman Traders 112 BC, 29 Mago the Agricultural Writer, 175, 208, 245 Gallic Wars, 180 Mago the General, 281 In New Carthage, 280 Mamercus Aemelius Lepidus, 320 Massalia, 58, 76, 114, 115, 249, 299 Mamertines, 137, 167–70, 173, 176, 299, 306 Massey, 312, 390, 391, Messene, 91, 167, 179, 280, 293, 294 392, 406 Coins, 168, 322 Mastian, 271 Inscriptions, 168 Matelica, 72, 78–80, 101, 123 See also, Mercenaries Mater, 407 Mantinea/ns, 287 Mausoleum, 356 Mantua, 356 Meddix/ces, 156, 168, 169 Map/Mapping, 8, 192, Chapter 10, 360, 374, Medea, 400 377, 378–94, 417, 420 Mediterranean, 129 Cartography, 360 Eastern, 19, 48, 58, 76, 87, 106, 126, 136, 137, Map Consciousness, 378 192, 238 Drawn to Scale, 378, 379 Western, 48, 71, 99, 112, 114, 117, 127, 235, Protographic/Synoptic, 378 271, 300 Countercartographic/linear/hodological, Multi-Polar/ Anarchy, 230, 246 378, 383, 384, 387 Megalopolis, 264 Of Reclaimed Public Land in Campania, 381 Memory, 352, 382, 392, 394, 403, 404, 405, Oral Map, 382 409–10 Bird’s Eye View, 382, 385 Communal Memory, 410 At Eye Level, 383, 389 See also, Monimenta Varro’s Pictam Italiam, 383 Menander, 196, 199, 201, 218 Early Modern Maps, 390 Menippos, 247, 249 Contemporary Western Maps, 389 Menyllus, 264 See also, Fixity, Place and Space, Geography, Mercenaries, 34, 57, 112, 136, 137, 167, 213, Specific Maps 222, 247, 272, 283, 293, 295, 296–306 Map of Agrippa, 380, 386, 387, 418 Carthaginian Mercenaries, 294, 295 See also, Agrippa Mercenary War with Carthage, 298–304 Map of Carthage, 380 Recruitment, 296–300 Map of Sardinia, 380 Roman use of, 299, 300 Map of Texúpa, Mexico, 388 See also, Military, Gaul, Mamertines Mappae Mundi, 194, 378, 379, 389 Merchants, See: Trade, Negotiatores Maras Pomptius Numsedis, 168, 294 Meshwork, See Place and Space See also, Pachia Pomptia Messapia/ic, 126, 165, 182 Marce Camitlnas, 367 Messene, See Mamertines See also, Camillus Metal, See Trade Marche, 78 Metaponto/Metapontion, 132, 133, 137, 183 Marcus Aemilius Scaurus, 315 Metatheatrical, 191, 198, 205 Marcus Aquillius, 52 Metellus Balearicus, 48 Marcus Furius Fusus, 367 Metic, 38, 219 Marcus Livius Drusus, 316, 319, 320, 346 Metissage, 129 Marcus Valerius Laevinus, 283 Mexico, See Map of Texúpa Marius, 58, 346 Middle Ages, 379

514 Index

Middle Ground, 56, 129 Visibility, 5, 16, 18, 47, 48, 54, 60, 75, 116, See Also, Trade – Hubs 117, 119, 128, 144, 191, 227, 245, 420 Migrant, See Foreign/er See also, Migration, Pause, Stasis, Fixity, Migrare, See Mobility Stability, Demography, Immobility, Migration, All Book, here concept, 5, 8–15, 31, Life-cycle, Non-Sedentary, Foreigner, 123, 125 State Settlement Programs, Citizenship, Immigration, 35, 36, 177, 216 Centralisation Control/Policy, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 22, 24, 36, Molotti, 285 38, 47, 72, 260, 276, 278 Moltone di Tolve, 157 Migration Theory, 10, 15 Money, See Banking Age of Migration, 10–11, 14 Monimenta, 382, 404, 416 Ius Migrandi, 36, 38 See also Memory Migration Chain, 57 Mont Pelecas, 293 See also, Mobility – Migrare, Expulsion, Montagna dei Cavalli, 166 Stasis, Fixity, Stability, Migrant, Monte Bibele, 124 Foreigner, Citizenship Monumentalisation, 110, 114, 158, 161, 328, Miletus, 264 329, 332 Military, 31, 46, 62, 300, 343 Mortality, See Demography Recruitment, 12, 18, 20, 24, 27, 41, 46, 163, Mosaic, 157 216, 224, 268, 273, 274, 294, 386 Mountains, 16, 71, 74, 158, 327 Navy, 86, 234–6 Alps, 120, 123, 124 Condottieri, 137 Apennines, 72, 73, 78, 82, 124, 146, 149, 320 Generals, 302, 343 Municipia, See State Settlement Programs Camps, 268, 381 Muro Tenente, 165 Entourage, 294 Music, 173 Tactics, 300 Mycenae, 16 See also, Mercenaries Myths of Foundations, See Origin Milvian Bridge, 85 Mytilene, 64 Mines/ing, 239 Taurisci Gold Mines, 31, 239 Nabis, 276, 277, 287 New Carthage Silver Mines, 239 See also, Sparta Quarries, 225 Naming Formula, 348 Minturnae, 44 Naples/Neapolis, 59, 78, 119, 168, 175 Mithridates, 18, 49–56, 238, 316, 339 See Also: Narbo, 57 Massacre 88 BC Narnia, 44, 73, 216 Mixed Communities: throughout – esp. Nation State, 8, 10–15, 22, 23, 351, 372, 377, Chapter 4, 108, 343 401, 423 Mixed Origins, See Origins Post-Nation-State, 10, 15, 390 Mobility / Motion: All Book, here concept, 3, 5, Trans-National/ism, 10, 15, 22 8–17, 65, 196 See also, Territoriality, Fixity, Treaty or Migrare, 215–16 Peace of Westphalia Commigrare, 215 Navy, See Military Emigrare, 215 Nazi Regime, 400 Remigrare, 215 Negotiatores, See Trade Cyclical/Circular, 5, 19, 21, 62, 63, 65, 191, Neo-Malthusian, 15 213, 220, 221, 270, 426 Network Theory, See Connectivity Centripetal/ to Centres, 26, 28, 44, 140, 182 New Carthage, Spain, 239, 253, 254, 258, 259, Cross-Community, 28, 44 274, 280, 289, 290, 295 Individual/Independent/Private Mobility, New Comedy, See Greek Plays 18, 20, 28, 32, 34–67, 191, 419 New Mexico, 239 Mass/State Mobility, 6, 18, 20, 65, 121, 122, New World, See Americas 125, 129, 138, 186, 224, 230, 267, New York, 322 Chapter 8, 289, 419 Newton/ian, 391 Push-Pull Factors / incl. Economic, 28, 44 Nicanor, 264 Seasonal/Temporary, 30, 31, 212, 220 Nikosthenes, 116

Index 515

Nile Mosaic, 384 Papius, 36, 37 Nola, 337 Parasites, 200, 224 Nomad/ic, See Non-Sedentary Parilia, See Festivals Non-Sedentary, 6, 292, 296, 302 Particularism, 351 Nomadic, 13, 289–92, 411 Passport, 11, 12, 13, 211 Nora, 392 Syngraphus, 228 Norba, 44, 256, 257 Patavium/Padua, 98, 121, 124, 140, 361, 407 Nostalgia, 3, 223, 225, 354, 357, 392, 400, Patria, 8, 39, 223, 261, 312, 313, 361, 362, 395, 408, 410 399, 400–9, 416, 418 Nostos, 220, 221 Patria Communis, 403 See also, Homecoming Parens Patriae, 407 Numbers, See Demography See also Origin, Home, Cicero, Belonging Numidia/ns, 29, 244 Patronage/ Patron-Client, 39, 61, 134, 184, 241, 248, 251, 274, 312, 335, 342, 351, 353 Oaths, 46, 47, 272, 322 See also, Epigraphy – Euergatism Ocaks, 411 Pausanias, 91 Odysseus/Ulysses, 204, 220, 221, 223, 255 Pause, 3, 9, 17, 33, 35, 127, 216, 229, 312, 375, Oikoumene, 383, 393 382, 393, Olympia, 132 See also, Mobility, Place and Space, Time, Onomastics, See Epigraphy Journey, Argonautica Oria, 140 Peasants, See Agriculture Origin, 8, 12, 14, 44, 62, 89, 219, 241, 262, 306, Pech Maho, 116 356, 402 Peer Polity Interaction, 142 Origo, 312, 325, 345–51, 357 Peloponnesian War, 137, 276 Origin Stories, 92–5, 125, 221 Pennus, 36, 37 Foundation Myths, 38, 134–6, 313, 339, 368 Peregrinus, See Foreign/er Pioneers, 61 Perfidy, 203, 204, 221, 300 Origin in Comedy, 200 Pergamum, 52, 54, 344 Mixed Origins, 296, 297, 300–6 Pergraecare, 202 See also, Patria, Home, Social War, Kinship, Pericles, 118 Romulus, Aeneas, Asylum – Rome, Periplus, 221, 383, 389, 394 Cato – Origines, Geographic, Ktiseis, Perseus, 240, 243, 244, 250, Aitia 252, 277, 285 Orvieto, 85, 140 Persian, 201 Oscan/s, 92, 144, 149, 152, 155, 157, 164, 168, Persian Wars, 90, 233 238, 271, 315, 322, 335, 355 Personification, 384, 400, 406 Oscan Authority?, 167–74 Petelia, 279 See also Samnites Peutinger Table, See Tabula Putingeriana Ostia, 47, 86 Phalanx, 300 Other, See Xenophobia Phileteraia, 295 Ottomans, 13, 45, 411 Philia, 269 Overpopulation, 11, 27, 40, 122, 216 Philinus, 272, 273 Ovid, 321, 356 Philip V, 204, 249, 286 Philippi /Phthiotic Thebes, 286, 290 P. Sempronius Sophus, 384 Philosophers, 90, 242 Pachia Pomptia, 169, 294 Phoecaeans, 115 See also, Maras Pomptius Phoenecian, See Punic Pack Animals, 82 Phoenix, 177 Padua, See Patavium Phrouria, 167, 272, 273 Paelignians, 44, 320, 324, 356 Phrygians, 201 Paestum, See Poseidonia Phylarchus, 263 Pallene, 58 Picenum / Picentes, 287, 384 Palliata, 201 Piedmont, 123 Pallium, See Travel Clothes Pietrabbondante, See Sanctuaries Pandusini, 62, 63 Pilgrimage Routes, 390

516 Index

Pillars of Hercules, 229 Populi,92 Pimps, See Prostitution Populist, See Democracy Pioneers, See Origin Porsenna, 258 Pirates, 77, 112, 114, 222, 247, 302 Portico, 329, 353 Pisa, 94 Porticus Vipsania, 386 Pithekoussai, 126–9, 132, 141, 185, 240 See also, Map-Agrippa Place and Space, 337, 360, 390–4, 406 Portonaccio Sanctuary, See Veii Place, 7, 217, 311, 312, 324, 347, 358, 389, Ports and Port Duty, Control, See Harbour 404, 413, 416 Portus, 78, 82, 86 Space, 11, 183, 336, 359, 371, 377, 379, 389 Poseidonia/Paestum, 45, 150, 163, 170–3, Relational Approach, 8, 371, 378, 385, 390, 179, 199 391, 401, 408 Coin, 172 Absolute Space Approach, 337, 338, 378, Stele in Ekklesiasterion, 172 391, 393, 397, 416 Inscriptions, 172 Meshwork/Intersection, 8, 17, 109, 312, See also, Sanctuaries – San Nicola 391, 393 Postliminium, See Prisoners of War Space-time, 107, 375, 387, 389, 406 Potentia/Potenza, 78, 182 See also, Pause, Time, Maps, Territory, Pottery, See Trade Geography, Fixity, Connectivity, Poverty, 301 Massey, Tilley, Ingold, Harvey, Praeneste, 202, 341, 345, 384 Lefebvre, De Certeau, Augé, Bourdieu, Praetor Peregrinus,37 Corfinium Praetor Urbanus,37 Placentia, See Gaul Praetorium, 256 Plautii, 341 Préxis,75 Plautus, Chapter 6, 6, 191, 251, 263, 285, 301, Prisoners of War, 224, 230, 241, 250–60, 267, 306, 381, 419 274, 281–5 Comedies General, See Appendices A, B, C Ransom, 274, 282, 283, 284, 295 Chapter 6, 63, 191, 426 Repatriation, 20, 283 Menaechmi, 191 Postliminium, 224 Poenulus, 101, 197, 200–9, 257, 373 Achaeans in Rome, 254, 259 Servus Callidus, 195 Private Property, 372, 375, 378, 416 Plautopolis, 201 Prophecy of Vegoia, 356 See also, Slaves, Theatre, Audience, Greek Propogatio, 375 Plays Proscriptions, 345, 353 Plebeians and Patricians, 362, 365, 371, 396 Prosecution, 213, 218 Pliny, 386 Prostitution – Courtesans, 34, 200 Plutarch, 252 Pimps, 201, 215 Po River, See Rivers See also, Slavery, Women, Displacement Poenulus, See Plautus Provinces/Provincia, 377 Polis/City-state, 8, 38, 92, 300, 304, 306, 322, Asia Minor, 52, 54 324, 338, 339, 346, 417 See also, Asia Minor See also, Capital City, Rome, Corfinium Proxenia, See Diplomats Polybius, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, 6, 59, 95, 134, Prusias, 250 229, 303, 397, 421 Ptolemies, 92, 295 As Prisoner of War in Rome, 240–2, 255, 264 Ptolemy, Geographia, 379, 380 Clouds from the West, 291 Ptolemy Philometer, 264 See also, Globalisation Public Buildings, 250, 273, 274, 333 Polycentric, 154 Public Space, 157, 165, 327, 328, 329 Pomerium, 363, 370–3, 378, 437 Publicani, See Tax Collectors See also, Boundaries Publius Vetius Scato, 320 Pompeii, 45, 175 Puinel, 102 Pompeius Strabo, 320 Punic Pompey, 48, 58, 321, 367, 409 Language, 201, 207, 208 Pontecagnano, 128 Phoenecian Traders/Distributors/Settlers, Poplios Valesios, 104, 340 16, 111, 126

Index 517

Phoenecian, 56, 76, 112 Rome as mover of people/Colonies, 178–86, Poenus, 204 230, 235, 268, 287 Uni-Astrate, 76 Meaning/Defining, Chapter 9, Chapter 10, Semitic/Punic Names in Italy, 177, 207, 273 Chapter 11, 7, 93, 94, 106, 183, 230, 233, Punic Porridge, 208 234, 313, 320–6, 340, 361, 367, 377, 390, Punic Windows and Joints, 208 394, 395 Punic Wars, 20, 273, 279 Centrality, 248, 311, 325, 340, 351, 375, 376 Punic War I, 161, 167, 278, 295, 301 Urbs / CIty, 360, 368, 401, 404, 405–8, 413, 418 Punic War II/Hannibalic War, 20, 25, 26, 27, Empire, 8, 389 47, 161, 163, 166, 202, 203, 206, 224, Senate, 58, 255, 261, 282, 283 234, 237, 238, 244, 299, 303, 380 Italians in Senate, 345, 346 Puteoli, 62, 63, 78 As collectivity, 60 Pydna, 233 Populus Romanus, 350 Pyrgi, See Caere Forum Boarium, 72, 82, 84, 207 Pyrrhus of Epirus/Pyrrhic War, 137, 163, 167, Forum Romanum, 140 272, 343 Capitol/Capitoline Hill, 250, 362, 364, 365, Pythagoreanism, 165, 175 369, 374, 376, 405, 414 Capitoline Temple/ Jupiter, 110, 365, 414 Quarries, See Mines Little Romes, 178 Quays, See Harbours and Quays See also, Asylum, Colonisation, Treaties, Quintus Pompaedius (Poppaedius) Silo, 319, Capital City, Terminus 320, 346 Romulus, 39, 369, 376, 402, 407 Quintus Sulpicius Longus, 367 Hut, See Home Roof Tiles, 106, 146, 152 Ransom, See Prisoners of War See also, Terracottas Rape, 213 Rossano di Vaglio, See Sanctuaries Rasna,92 Routeways, 71–87, 123, 124, 183 Reciprocity, 100 Sea Ways, 74–8 Recuperatores, See Diplomats Roads, 73, 78–87, 184, 385 Recursivity, 128 Caere-Pyrgi, 81 Refugees, See Asylum Seekers Via Appia, 44, 73, 81 Relational Approach, See Place and Space Via Caecilia, 321 Religion, 378 Via Campana, 82, 85 Eastern Cults, 62, 64 Via Flaminia, 73, 79, 80 Serapis, 64 Via Latina, 44, 81, 257 Ritual Procession at Locri, 136 Via Nomentana, 82 Sacrifice by C. Fabius, 412, 415 Via Salaria, 72, 81–7 Renaissance, 379 Via Tiburtina, 82, 321 Repatriation, See Prisoners of War, Exile Via Valeria, 320 Return Trackways/Renaissance, 74 Res Gestae, See Augustus Tratturi, 80, 82 Res Publica, 92, 320, 399, 400, 401, Rivers, 78–87 403, 416 Arno, 85 Resident, See Domicile Aterno, 320 Resident Alien, See Incolae, Metic Liri, 85 Resistance, 355 Oxus, 290 Rhegion/Rhegium, 137, 168, 283 Po River/Valley, 7, 73, 74, 85, 96, 109, 120, Rhodes/ian, 54, 96, 97, 248, 249 121, 123, 124 Rhômaioi, See Massacre Asia Minor Tiber River/Valley, 72, 85–6, 110, 250 Rivers, See Routeways Tiber Ford, 82 Roads, See Routeways Volturno, 85 Roccagloriosa, 146–64, 169, 177 See also, Ostia, Transport Romanophile, 262 Rudiae, 402 Romans in Comedy, 202 Rutile Hipucrates, 117, 118 Rome, 29, 85–6, 95, 115, 149, 167, 227, 311 Rutilius Rufus, Publius, 53, 64

518 Index

Sabines, 93, 94, 252, 382 Sicily, 96, 137, 150, 164, 166, 167, 175, 176, 233, Safety, 222 234, 293, 294 Safinim, 336 See also, Carthage – Epicracy Saguntum, 280 Sicyon, 213 Salento, 132, 133, 140 Siege, 267, 279–81, 287, 364, 367 Salt/Marshes, 81, 82, 84, 85 Signia, 257 Samnites, 44, 112, 164, 170, 254, 300, 334 Sipontum, 45 See also Oscan/s Siris, See Heraclea Sanctuaries, 76, 116, 158, 312, 326–38, Sky, 399, 415 352, 353 Slaves / Slavery/ Enslavement, 26, 28, 30, 33, Theatre-Temple Complexes, 158, 329 218, 224, 225, 257, 263, 267, 270, 271, Aesculapius, 44 274, 280, 281, 284, 285, 287, 290, 366 Hercules, 82, 207, 337 Slave Trade, 114 Pietrabbondante, 158, 238, 314, 327, Slaves as Settlers, 134 329–37, 353 Slaves in Comedy, 196, 198, 200, 206, 268 Rossano di Vaglio, 158, 315, 327, See also, Demography 329–37, 353 Small Holder, See Agriculture Temples, 132, 331 Smith- Liberalism, 15 Complex P – Tricarico, 158, 161 Social War, Chapter 9, 7, 43, 53, 238, 311, Torre di Satriano – Shrine, 158 386, 423 San Nicola di Albanella of Demeter and Coins, 325 Kore, 172 Socii, 311, 313, 339, 345 See also, Harbours – Port Sanctuary, Caere- See also, Citizenship, Italy/Italia Pyrgi, Tarquinii – Gravisca, Religion, Sodalitates, 104, 340 Tarquinii – Portonaccio Soil, See Territory Sardinia, 77, 115, 235, 271, 272, Solon, 243 273, 299, 304 Sostratos, 118 Satricum, 140 Space, See Place and Space Scaevola, 36 Spain, 16, 48, 61, 77 Scipio/s, 226, 241, 244, 254, 255, 258, 280, 283, Sparta, 91, 135, 137, 276, 277, 287 284, 295, 325 See also, Nabis, Chaeron, Expulsion Sculpture, 110 Spina, 124 Scythia/ns, 51, 411 Stability, 5, 7, 15, 17, 25, 27, 37, 88, 90, 187, 196, Sea Routes, See Routeways 209, 268, 295, 298, 306, 314, 316, 341, Seals – Symbola, 211 344, 375, 422 See also, Tessera Hospitalis Destabilising/Instability, 14, 15, 25, 27, 55, Sedentary, 11, 13, 24, 291 103, 141, 304, 305 See also, Fixity, Stasis, Immobility, Non- See also, Stasis, Fixity, Mobility, Life-cycle Sedentary, Nomadic Stable Isotope Analysis, See Bioarchaeology Sedes, 400, 407, 416 Stasis, 5, 67, 126, 130, 142, 228, 231 Segregative, 343 See also, Fixity, Stability, Mobility, Seleucid/s, 296 Immobility Seleucus IV Philopator, 260, 261 State Formation, 140, 341 Selinunte, 166, 167, 176 State Settlement Programs, 20, 42, 152, 186, Selinus, 116 216, 224, 268, 271, 295, 342 Semitic Names, See Punic Colonisation, 5, 20, 25, 47, 125–38, 178–86, Senate, – See Rome 215, 271, 337 Serapis, See Religion Colonisation Model, 129 Serdaioi, 132 Etruscan Colonies?, 110, 112, 116 Serra di Vaglio, 146, 150 Recruitment/issues, 43, 45, 46 Sertorius, 58 Apoikia, 130, 133, 136 Ship, See, Boats and Ships Latin Colonies, 41, 170, 173, 178, 179, 271 Shipwrecks, See Boats and Ships Roman Colonies, 173, 179, 180 Sicca, 267, 298–304 Civitas sine suffragio, 173 Sicels, 134, 135, 168 Supplementa, 42, 180, 181

Index 519

Veterans, 18, 20, 28, 45, 293 Tavoliere, 74 Municipia, 178, 312, 346, 348, 351, 352, 358 Tax, 12 Land Division/Assignation/Distribution, 43, Publicani / Tax Collectors, 52, 53, 64 47, 168, 184, 215, 288, 293, 366, 372, Tax Extortion, 53 373, 381, 383 Teate, 348 Land Surveyors, 356, 373, 381 Technology, See Innovation Decolonisation, 130 Telamon, Battle, 284 Ager Publicus, 47, 381 Telamons, 329 See also, Mobility- Mass, Rome – Temple of Divus Julius, 370 Colonisation Temple of Mater Matuta, 380 Stateless, See Displaced Temple of Tellus, 383, 384 Statis on Poseidonia Stele, 172 Temples, See Sanctuaries Statistics, See Demography Templum, 370, 415, 416 Statues, 50 Temporal Factors, See Time Stenius Calinius Stetis, 168 Tenos, 62 See also, Maras Pomptius Teos, 58, 247, 248 Stephen and Castles, 10–11 Terence, 192, 208 Stoicism, 400 Terminalia, See Festivals Stombi, 131 Terminatio, 373 Strabo, 170 Terminus, 373, 374, 375, 383, 414 Stranger, See Foreign/er Terra, See Territory Study (abroad), 16 Terra Nullius, 366 Subaltern, 366 Terracina, 270 Suicide, 280 Terracotta/s, 106, 111, 146 Sulla, 50, 58, 315, 317, 319, 345, 346, 353, 372 See also, Roof Tiles Sulmo, 321 Territory/iality, 7, 10, 11, 323, 336, 337, 338, Supermodern, 391 351, 360, 377, 379, 387, 393 Supplementa, See State Settlement Programs And Citizenship, 339, 347, 370 Surveying/Surveyors, See State Settlement Land Measurement, 382 Programs Soil/Terra, 407, 408, 409 Sybaris, 74, 131, 132, 133, 137 See also, Fixity, Nation-State, Surveying Symbola, See Seals Tessera Hospitalis, 39, 101–4, 211, 274, 340–1 Symplokê, See Globalisation See also, Hospes, Hospitality, Foreigner, Seals Syngeneia,95 – Symbola Syngraphus, See Passport Teuta, 236 Synoecism, 139, 150, 152, 155 Teutones, 94 Synoikoi, 168 Theatre, 191 Syphax, 244 Theatre-Temple Complexes, See Sanctuaries Syracuse, 51, 113, 137, 165, 166, 173, 176, Thessalonike, 64, 398 185, 294 Thessaly, 285 Syria, 253, 260, 261, 264 Thiessen Polygons, 142, 336 Third Culture, 56, 129 Tabula Heracleensis, 348 Thrace/ians, 45, 201, 249, 278, 286, 291 Tabula Peutingeriana/Peutinger Map, 80, 389 Thule, 229 Tabulae / Land Register, 381 Thurii, 129, 137, 256 Tabulae Iguvinae, 356 Tiber, See Routeways Tanaquil, 99 Tiber Island, 86 Taras, 73, 86, 132, 137, 163, 165, 166, 175, Tibur, 341 236, 256 Tilley, 404 Tarentum, See Taras Timaeus, 96, 98, 120, 134–6 Tarquinii, 76, 77, 85, 98, 99, 100, 117, 127, 140 Time, 11, 356, 385, 415 Gravisca, 76, 117, 124 See also, Pause, Place and Space – Spacetime Tarquins Kings of Rome, 99, 104, 105 Timoleon, 176, 177 Tarraco, Spain, 398 Timpone della Motta, 131 Tarseum, 271 Titti, 250

520 Index

Titus Quinctius Flamininus, 285 Italy internal, 311 Titus son of Titus of Heraclea, 58 Romano- Carthaginian Treaties, 41, 75, 167, Toga, 64 234, 235, 244, 253, 257, 269–75, Toll Gate, 12 See also, Harbour – Duty 297, 306 Tomis, 357 Romano-Aetolian Treaties, 253, 270, 291 Tophet, 245 Romano–Illyrian, 236 Torre di Satriano, 146–64 Roman with Antiochus III, 253 Torre Mordillo, 131, 132 Roman-Achaean, 287 Tortora/Polecastro, 146 Rome and Crete, 296 Tourists, 250 Samno-Roman, 254 Touta/tota, 92, 156, 158, 168, 169, 328, 348 Etrusco-Roman, 258 Trade, 12, 30, 41, 49, 61, 75, 114, 115, 118, 126, with Bactria, 291 133, 141 Treaty or Peace of Westphalia, 12 Import, 25, 26, 28, 80, 105 Trebatius, 400 Attic Imports, 124, 165 Triumph, 251 Export, 214 Trojans, 91, 93, 96, 97, 98, 124, 221, 249, 291, Trading Hubs–Gateways, 55, 56, 60, 62, 72, 381, 411 74, 87, 124, 127, 327 Trojan Women, 409 Trade Diasporas, 141 Troy/Ilium, 39, 96, 97, 107, 394 Markets, 82 Tuan, 376, 393 Emporia, 75, 117, 126, 128, Tuder, 313 130, 133 Tuguria, 227 Negotiatores / Tradesmen/Merchants, 52, Turana, 116 55, 76, 98, 118, 213, 215, 225, 235, Turkey, See Asia Minor 270, 302 Tyras, 51 Cabotage/Coastal Tramping, 74, 104 Tyre, 264 Pottery, 16, 77, 112, 116, 118, 161 Tyrrhenian, 74, 76, 115 Amphorae, 75, 76, 114, 115, 116 Amber, 80, 123 Umbria/ns, 79, 140, 313 Perfume bottles, 77 Uni-Astrate, See Punic Metal, 77, 80, 113 United Nations, 322 See also, Treaties – Trade restrictions, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 360 Merchants, Delos, Puteoli, Sanctuaries, Urbicide, 368 Connectivity, Globalisation, Toll Gate, Urbs, See Rome Harbours, Etruscan, Innovation, Urso, 341 Technology USSR, 355 Tralles, 295 Utica, 373 Transhumance, See Animal Husbandry Transitor, See Foreign/er Vagrants, See Asylum Transport, 71, 78, 86, 268, 284 See also, Foreigner – Transitor See also, Routeways, Rivers, Boats, Trade Valesio, 165 Trasimene, 282, 285 Varro, 33, 106, 242, 328, 382, 383, 384, 385, Trastevere, 58 404, 415 Travel, 30, 31, 33, 197, 212, 214, Veii, 43, 74, 85–6, 110, 114, 115, 128, 140, 149, 247, 389 184, 376, 416 Travel Clothes, 214, 215 Piazza D’Armi, 110 Pallium,64 Portonaccio Sanctuary, 110, 111 Travel Funds – See Viaticum In Relation to LIvy’s Camillus’s Speech, 361, See also, Journey, Mobility, Pause 362, 365, 366, 405 Treason, 262 Velia, 150, 153 Treasury, Delphi, 115 Velleius Paterculus, 43, 317 Treaties, Agreements, 75, 132, 252, 269–75, Venice/Veneto, 123, 124, 140 286, 289 Venus Erycina, 278 International Law, 246, 247 Venusia, 163, 179, 313, 315, 320 Trade Control/ Restrictions, 270, 272 Vercena, 123

Index 521

Vereia, 104 Vulca, 110, 365 Vergil/VIrgil, 39, 221, 356, 414 See also, Craftsmen Vermeer, 417, 418 Vulci, 76, 77, 114, 140, 367 Verona, 9, 15, 61, 356 See also, Catullus Walls – Fortifications, 110, 133, 140, 152, 153, Vespasian, 45, 386 154, 161, 165, 166 Vesta, 59, 364, 411, 414 See also, Boundaries, Passport at Caunos, 59 Wandering, 22, 196, 213, 222–4, 301 Sacra, 414 See also, Asylum, Displacement, Expulsion Veterans, See State Settlement Programs Weaving, 132 Via, See Routeways Wine, See Agriculture Viaticum, 214 Women, 30, 32–4, 50, 98, 99, 116, 134–6, 169, Vicenza, 124 171, 205, 213, 253, 257, 258, 280, Vici, 385 281, 294 Vicus Africus, 256 Marriage, 34, 58, 59, 209, See also, Enclaves 218, 252 Vilicus, See Agriculture Widows, 295 Villa, 31 See also, Families, Children, Demography – See Also Agriculture, Peasant Fertility, Prostitution Villa Publica, See Hospitality Village, 26 Xanthippus, 298 Villanovan, 108 Xenia, See Hospitality, Foreign- Hospes Viritane Settlement, See State Settlement Xenophobia, 6, 14, 36, 41, 90, 201, 203, 204, Programs 216, 278, 307 Visibility, See Mobility-Visibility Other, 201, 251 Viteliu, See Social War Xenophon, 72, 295, 304 Viticulture, See Agriculture XTENT, 142 Volsci /an, 43, 104, 112, 365 Volsinii, 118, 123, 140 Youth, 33, 223, 251, 253, 255, 258, Voting Tribes, 345, 347 262, 301, 412 Cornelia Tribes, 348, 353 Galeria, 353 Zama, 245, 253, 256, 257 Votives, 335 Zoves, 172