O Le Faavae Malo Tutoatasi Samoa
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MH-ICP-MS Analysis of the Freshwater and Saltwater Environmental Resources of Upolu Island, Samoa
Supplementary Materials (SM) MH-ICP-MS Analysis of the Freshwater and Saltwater Environmental Resources of Upolu Island, Samoa Sasan Rabieh 1,*, Odmaa Bayaraa 2, Emarosa Romeo 3, Patila Amosa 4, Khemet Calnek 1, Youssef Idaghdour 2, Michael A. Ochsenkühn 5, Shady A. Amin 5, Gary Goldstein 6 and Timothy G. Bromage 1,7,* 1 Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; [email protected] (K.C.) 2 Environmental Genomics Lab, Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] (O.B.); [email protected] (Y.I.) 3 Hydrology Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Level 3, Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Efi Building (TATTE), Sogi., P.O. Private Bag, Apia, Samoa; [email protected] (E.R.) 4 Faculty of Science, National University of Samoa, PO Box 1622, Apia, Samoa; [email protected] (P.A.) 5 Marine Microbial Ecology Lab, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] (M.A.O.); [email protected] (S.A.A.) 6 College of Dentistry, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; [email protected] (G.G.) 7 Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.R.); [email protected] (T.G.B.); Tel.: +1-212-998-9638 (S.R.); +1- 212-998-9597 (T.G.B.) Academic Editors: Zikri Arslan and Michael Bolshov Received: 16 August 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: date Table S1. -
Mavae and Tofiga
Mavae and Tofiga Spatial Exposition of the Samoan Cosmogony and Architecture Albert L. Refiti A thesis submitted to� The Auckland University of Technology �In fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Art & Design� Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies 2014 Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... i Attestation of Authorship ...................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... vi Dedication ............................................................................................................................ viii Abstract .................................................................................................................................... ix Preface ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Leai ni tusiga ata: There are to be no drawings ............................................................. 1 2. Tautuanaga: Rememberance and service ....................................................................... 4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 6 Spacing .................................................................................................................................. -
Vol. 12, Issue 12
VOL.12 Issue 12 Nov. 1, 2012 IN THIS ISSUE ► Message From Kalani pg 1 ► Maui Festivals of Aloha pg 1-2 EStiVALS F LOHA AUI UI TYLE ► Hana Back Packs pg 2 F O A ~ M N S ► Palau Proclamation pg 3 The Aloha Festival is the oldest cultural festival held in America. The first Festival ► NCSL Conference pg 3 in 1946, was modeled after the celebrations of the Makahiki season of ancient ► Samoan Head of State pg 4 Hawai’i. “Aloha Week” was the initial festival and included a parade, pageants, hula shows and a service at Kawaiahao Church. In 1991, Aloha Week expanded into the Aloha Festivals that now includes at least 300 events on six islands begin- MESSAGE FROM KALANI ning in September and ending in October. The mission of the Aloha Festivals is to preserve and perpetuate Hawaiian culture while also celebrating the diverse cus- November is a time of reflection, cel- toms of Hawai’i and the Aloha spirit. ebration and Thanksgiving. Ours is The Festivals of Aloha, Maui Nui Style the only “canoe district,” that includes are events on Maui, Moloka’i, Lana’i four islands, each with its own style and Kaho’olawe that honor and cel- and community perspectives. As this ebrate not only the State’s rich history issue illustrates the diversity in our dis- and heritage, but includes Maui Coun- trict, let us take a moment to appreci- ty’s as well. E Kupuohi I ke Aloha, ate how we all work together in our “Flourish with Aloha,” is the theme for own ways to better our communities. -
The Work of the Dead in Samoa: Rank, Status and Property
THE WORK OF THE DEAD IN SAMOA: RANK, STATUS AND PROPERTY MALAMA MELEISEA and PENELOPE SCHOEFFEL The National University of Samoa The selection of a title for this paper, and a number of its insights owe much to Laqueur’s cultural history of mortal remains in Western Europe (2015). Samoa was evangelised by both Protestant and Catholic missionaries in the early 19th century so that Samoan eschatology, along with other Samoan cultural institutions, blended pre-Christian beliefs with a variety of Christian doctrines on where the souls (agaga) of the dead go and what continuing relationships they have with the living. Graves convey more than sentiment; the selection of burial sites and the type of monuments chosen make visible statements about traditional rank, family status and claims to property, so that the dead continue to work for the living in spirit and by the location of their mortal remains. This paper examines what is known about burial practices, the location of graves and the manner in which they were marked in pre-colonial Samoa, and the changes that have occurred to these practices as a result of conversion to Christianity, 19th-century power struggles, political change, colonial influences and regulations, and 20th-century settlement patterns and practices. Customs have come full circle in Samoa from traditional burials near or under houses, to burials in village cemeteries by colonial decree, to a revival of traditional practices since the 1960s. We examine how the location of graves and their associated edifices reflect changes resulting from mass emigration and monetisation and modernisation of the economy, and how graves have become a means of asserting ownership over portions of customary land by individuals and their immediate relatives. -
HOS 50Th Independence English Speech 31 05 12
1 Head of State of Samoa’s 50 th Anniversary of Independence Speech [Head of State, Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Ta’isi Efi, Ti’afau, 01 June 2012] Theme: Samoa is not government; Samoa is family and brotherhood From the 1 st of June last year we, as a country and as a people, began to prepare ourselves mentally, physically, spiritually and resource-wise for this day. This is a momentous day in the history of our nation. Today is the 50 th anniversary of the birth of our nation, the Independent State of Samoa. Today, we come together from far and wide, as children and friends of Samoa, to take pause, bear witness, reflect on and share in the maturing of our nation. Today, we are a grateful, and proud nation. On January 1, 1962, His Highness Tupua Tamasese Meaole, as joint Head of State with my predecessor, His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II, addressed the nation and spoke about forgiveness. Today I wish to revisit this theme. On each Independence Day we remember the pain, the heartache, the anger, and the struggles, our forefathers went through to achieve the independence we now enjoy. We remember that both Mau and Malo had sacrificed much. Both had invested heavily, politically and emotionally, in their causes. So much so that if we were really honest with ourselves we would admit that the divisive legacies of that investment still linger today. On this special day we have an opportunity to bridge that divide. We have an opportunity to remember that the Mau and Malo both fought for what they believed was best for Samoa. -
Indigenous Protest in Colonial Sāmoa: the Mau Movements and the Response of the London Missionary Society, 1900 – 1935
INDIGENOUS PROTEST IN COLONIAL SĀMOA: THE MAU MOVEMENTS AND THE RESPONSE OF THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY, 1900 – 1935 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY DECEMBER 2017 By Brian T. Alofaituli Dissertation Committee: David Chappell, Chairperson David Hanlon Matthew Romaniello Jeffrey Kapali Lyon Terence Wesley-Smith Copyright 2017 by Brian T. Alofaituli ii Dedicated to Taito Tusigaigoa Failautusi and Susie O’Brien Alofaituli, fa’afetai tele i lā oulua tatalo ma fa’amanuiaga. iii Acknowledgements Words are not enough to express my fa’afetai (thank you) to so many people that supported and helped me as I worked on this project. First and foremost, I want to thank my parents, Taito Failautusi and Susie O’Brien Alofaituli, my siblings, Kaisalina, Gwen, and Kip for their prayers and encouragement during this very long journey. Your support from day one has given me the strength and confidence to achieve this Ph.D. To my extended family, fa’afetai tele lava mo talosaga (thank you for your endless prayers). Many family members have passed on to heaven. I hope and pray that you are all mimita (proud). To the many clergymen and their wives from the Congregational Christian Church of American Sāmoa, thank you. I would like to thank my dissertation committee members Dr. David A. Chappell, Dr. David Hanlon, Dr. Terence Wesley-Smith, Dr. Matthew P. Romaniello, and Dr. Jeffrey K. Lyon for your feedback and support. In particular, I would like to thank my advisor Dr. -
An Enduring Legacy – the German Influence in Samoan Culture and History by Misa Telefoni Retzlaff
1 An Enduring Legacy – The German Influence In Samoan Culture and History by Misa Telefoni Retzlaff Introduction History judges favourably the German presence in Samoa. The German legacy has endured precisely because it has both a historical and a contemporary context. My lecture today focuses more on the people who made and continue to make this contribution, rather than any historical events themselves. As your honoured lecturer, I am humbled to be the descendant of a German Post Office employee, Erich Retzlaff, who was born in Stettin (now part of Poland and known as Szczecin) and traveled to Samoa to put up and connect telephone lines. For this reason, our family has always been known as the “Telefoni” family in Samoa. It is Samoan tradition that your matai or chief’s title takes prominence, followed by your calling name, hence I am known as Misa Telefoni. (a) I am Misa Telefoni, Deputy Prime Minister of Samoa. I was born Hermann Theodor Retzlaff on 21 May 1952 in Apia. I try to keep these two alter-egos as separate as I can. I published my novel “Love and Money” as H.T. Retzlaff – but when I attend international fora it is always as Misa Telefoni Retzlaff, and invitations in our name go out from Honourable Misa Telefoni and Mrs. Sarah Retzlaff. I shall preface any further comments by saying that this lecture is not a history of Samoa. There are many good scholastic histories of Samoa, and they will be referred to in my notes, but the focus is going to be on people and families – both past and present, and their historical and contemporary roles in Samoan society. -
2016 Country Review
Samoa 2016 Country Review http://www.countrywatch.com Table of Contents Chapter 1 1 Country Overview 1 Country Overview 2 Key Data 3 Samoa 4 Pacific Islands 5 Chapter 2 7 Political Overview 7 History 8 Political Conditions 10 Political Risk Index 16 Political Stability 31 Freedom Rankings 46 Human Rights 58 Government Functions 60 Government Structure 61 Principal Government Officials 64 Leader Biography 65 Leader Biography 66 Foreign Relations 67 National Security 68 Defense Forces 70 Chapter 3 72 Economic Overview 72 Economic Overview 73 Nominal GDP and Components 75 Population and GDP Per Capita 77 Real GDP and Inflation 78 Government Spending and Taxation 79 Money Supply, Interest Rates and Unemployment 80 Foreign Trade and the Exchange Rate 81 Data in US Dollars 82 Energy Consumption and Production Standard Units 83 Energy Consumption and Production QUADS 84 World Energy Price Summary 85 CO2 Emissions 86 Agriculture Consumption and Production 87 World Agriculture Pricing Summary 89 Metals Consumption and Production 90 World Metals Pricing Summary 92 Economic Performance Index 93 Chapter 4 105 Investment Overview 105 Foreign Investment Climate 106 Foreign Investment Index 108 Corruption Perceptions Index 121 Competitiveness Ranking 132 Taxation 141 Stock Market 142 Partner Links 142 Chapter 5 143 Social Overview 143 People 144 Human Development Index 146 Life Satisfaction Index 149 Happy Planet Index 161 Status of Women 170 Global Gender Gap Index 172 Culture and Arts 182 Etiquette 182 Travel Information 183 Diseases/Health Data 192 Chapter 6 198 Environmental Overview 198 Environmental Issues 199 Environmental Policy 201 Greenhouse Gas Ranking 202 Global Environmental Snapshot 213 Global Environmental Concepts 224 International Environmental Agreements and Associations 239 Appendices 263 Bibliography 264 Samoa Chapter 1 Country Overview Samoa Review 2016 Page 1 of 276 pages Samoa Country Overview SAMOA Samoa is a Pacific island nation consisting of nine volcanic islands. -
The Struggle for Monarchy
CHAPTER SIX The Struggle for Monarchy Contributors: Ma ma Meleisea Penelope Schoeffel Meleisea Gatoloai Peseta S. Sio The Pulefou and Foreign Rivalry 1876-1888 For the remaining 24 years of the 19th century, conflict between the Samoans was to become increasingly complicated by the quarrels of the local Europeans and the international rivalry of the nations whose citizens they were. In 1876 Malietoa Laupepa's Puletua clashed with Ta'imua and Faipule, led by Tupua Tamasese Titimaea at Fale'ula, and Malietoa and the Puletua were defeated. Malietoa returned to Malie and his supporters dispersed to their villages. But the victorious Ta'imua and Faipule were not able to govern effectively and their administration was in a state of confusion. They decided to disband for a while with the hope of meeting again in a few months. Their frustrations were largely a result of the conflicting demands, influences and rivalry of the foreign consuls and their settler nationals. At this point Malietoa Talavou took advantage of the lack of a government and with his supporters, moved into Mulinu'u. With some support from factions on Savai'i who had supported Malietoa Laupepa, he set up a new government called the Pulefou and was declared king. The Ta'imua and the Faipule gave in because they had little support to enable them to resist and most of the Europeans were more sympathetic to the Pulefou since Malietoa Talavou's supporters were mainly from 89 Tuamasaga and A'ana which is where most of the foreign plantations were. Malietoa Laupepa was made vice-king under Malietoa Talavou and, when the latter died in 1880, Malietoa Laupepa was proclaimed king once more. -
“I Am the Apple of My Brother's Eye”
“I AM THE APPLE OF MY BROTHER’S EYE” An investigation into the evolving roles of Samoan women with particular reference to religion and gender relations Thesis submitted for the Master of Arts in Pacific Island Studies At the University of Otago, Dunedin New Zealand By Malia Ellen Mamele Lameta For Suluga Lameta Who taught me to be a Samoan woman Family are not necessarily those of our blood but are also those who have become our blood. This work is also dedicated to the strong, driven women in my life who have helped to mould and shape me into the woman I have become. Ua taulāmua i finagalo ma mafaufauga tinā ma tama’ita’i o lo’u aiga. Fa’afetai tatalo, fa’afetai tapua’i, fa’afetai alofa. Fa’afetai Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................... iii Preface ............................................................................................................................ iv History vs Mythology ................................................................................................. xi Division of Samoan history ...................................................................................... xiii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... xvi Chapter One Le Amataga ‘The break of Dawn’ An introduction ............................. 1 Samoa and the Samoans.............................................................................................. -
Sāmoana As Atunuʻu: the Samoan Nation Beyond the Mālō and State-Centric Nationalism a Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Divi
SĀMOANA AS ATUNUʻU: THE SAMOAN NATION BEYOND THE MĀLŌ AND STATE-CENTRIC NATIONALISM A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN PACIFIC ISLANDS STUDIES May 2020 By John Falaniko Pātū Thesis Committee Terence Wesley-Smith, Chairperson Manumaua Luafata Simanu-Klutz John F. Mayer © Copyright 2020 By John Patu, Jr. ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to our beloved Atunu'u, the suli of Sāmoana, past, present, and future. I specifically dedicate this thesis to my ‘āiga, my grandparents Afioga Leasi Atonio Lei’ataua and Imeleta Vāimoanalētoefeiloa’imolima’ene Taufa’asau, Afioga Pātū Pila and Lata Moimoi, to my parents Telesia Māria Atonio and John Pātū, Sr., and, and my sisters Carmelita Togi and Frances Suluama Telesia Pātū and the future of our family, Naulea-Imeleta, Vāimoana Paula, and Tava’esina Pātū. I also especially dedicate this thesis to my mentors Tōfā ‘Aumua Mata’itusi Simanu and Afioga Loau Tuiloma Dr. Luafata Simanu-Klutz, my academic mothers, whose tapua’iga and fautuaga made this entire thesis journey possible. iii A NOTE ABOUT SAMOAN ORTHOGRAPHY Samoan is a member of the Samoic branch of the Polynesan language family and a member of the larger Austronesian language family. Modern Samoan orthography ulitizes the Latin alphabet and consists of five vowels (a, e, i, o, u) and ten indigenous consonants (f, g, l, m, n, p, s, t, v, ‘) and three introduced consonants (h, k, r). The former were later inserted to accommodate the transliteration and creation of new words from other languages, primarily European. -
The Women's Mau: Female Peace Warriors in Western Samoa
The Women's Mau: Female Peace Warriors in Western Samoa Plan B Paper Lisa P. MacQuoid candidate for Masters ofArts Pacific Islands Studies April 15, 1995 Table ofContents I. Introduction 1 II. Samoan Legends ofOrigin 4 III. Traditional Roles ofSamoan Women 7 IV. Colonialism 14 V. Origins of the Mau 17 VI. Women Protest Publically 22 VII. Defiance and Determination 31 VIII. A New Identity 37 IX. Conclusions 43 Bibliograpy Appendix Related Photos THE WOMEN'S MAD: FEMALE PEACE WARRIORS IN WESTERN SAMOA We are a peace-loving people and law-abiding people who gave up warlike ways over thirty years ago. We have been schooled in religion and in the arts ofreading and writingfor a period ofjust one hundredyears. But we love our country, our own people, our own civilization and our own social andpolitical systems better than any others less known to us. We are a passive people but we are determined and resolute. (Field 1991, p. 194 from Women's Mau to Forbes July 1930 IT 1/23/8) This quote, written by Samoan women petitioning New Zealand's colonial administrator ofWestern Samoa depicts their solidarity as peoples and their determination as Christians to protest peacefully. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the significant role of women in Western Samoa's nationalist movement, the Mau, which organized in peaceful protest against the New Zealand colonial administration from 1926-1936. The movement has been labeled unique by historians and has been given credit for contributing to Western Samoa's achievement of sovereignty in 1962, the first in the South Pacific.