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GHANA COUNTRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS Paul F. Du Vivier 1944-1946 Senior Consul, Accra Robert B. Houston 194 -1947 Senior Consul, Accra Henry Dunlap 19 7-19 9 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Accra (illiam E. Reed 19 7-19 9 Senior Officer, International Cooperation Administration, Accra ,ohn ,. .aylor 19 7-19 9 Fiscal/Disbursin0 Officer, Accra Dic1 Erstein 19 9-1961 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Accra ,ames B. En0le 1961-1962 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Accra 3eor0e F. ,ones 1961-1962 3eneral Services Officer, Accra 4iles S. Pendleton, ,r. 1962-1964 History .eacher, 3hana (illard De Pree 1964-1968 Political Officer, Accra Robert P. Smith 196 -1966 3hana Des1 Officer, (ashin0ton, DC 3ordon (. Evans 196 -1969 Pro0ram Officer, USAID Richard E. .hompson 1966 Diplomatic Courier, Ban01o1, .hailand Frederic1 E. 3ilbert 1966-1971 Assistant Pro0ram Officer, USAID, Accra 3ordon (in1ler 1966-1969 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Accra 1969-1972 Deputy Assistant Director for Africa, (ashin0ton, DC Richard 4. Cashin 1967-1970 Deputy Director, USAID, Accra David E. Simco8 1967-1969 Political Officer, Accra Hariadene ,ohnson 1967-1972 Des1 Officer, USAID, (ashin0ton, DC ,ulius S. Prince 1967-1972 Population Officer, USAID, Accra Daniel O9Donohue 1968-1971 Political Officer, Accra Cecil S. Richardson 1968-1971 Consular Officer, Accra ,ohn D. Stemple 1970-1972 3hana Des1 Officer, (ashin0ton, DC (illiam Haven North 1970-1976 4ission Director, USAID, Accra Fred L. Hadsel 1971-1974 Ambassador, 3hana Ernest (ilson 1971-197 Controller, USAID, Accra ,ames K. Bishop, ,r. 1972 Officer in Char0e: 3hana and .o0o, (ashin0ton, DC ,ohn A. Linehan, ,r. 197 -1977 Deputy Chief of 4ission, Accra Robert P. Smith 1976-1979 Ambassador, 3hana Irvin D. Co1er 1976-1980 4ission Director, USAID Edward (arren Holmes 1977-1980 Deputy Chief of 4ission, Accra Bernard F. Shin1man 1978-1979 ,unior Officer .rainee, USIS, Accra Par1er (. Bor0 1979-1981 Country Director, (est African Affairs, (ashin0ton, DC Robert S. Zi0ler 1979-1982 A0ricultural 4ana0ement .rainin0, USAID, Accra Lawrence H. Hydle 1981-1982 Political Officer, Accra Nicolas Robertson 1981-1984 Office of African Affairs, USIA, (ashin0ton, DC Robert E. Fritts 1982-1986 Ambassador, 3hana Fran1 Pavich 1986-1988 Rural Development Officer, USAID, Accra Raymond C. Ewin0 1989-1992 Ambassador, 3hana Nicolas Robertson 1992-1997 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Accra Edward Brynn 199 -1998 Ambassador, 3hana PAUL F. DU VIVIER Senior Consul Accra 1944-1946) Paul F. Du Vivier entered the Foreign Service in 1940. In addition to serving in Accra, Mr. Du Vivier served in Stockhol , Berlin, Edinburgh, Frankfurt, Marseille, Paris, Bordeaux, and Nice. He was interviewed by Charles Stuart Kennedy in 1990. ,- .ell let/s ove on, you were assigned to Accra0 DU VIVIER: Accra, 3old Coast. ,- It/s the 1old Coast, which is now 1hana. DU VIVIER: Ri0ht. ,- .hat were you doing there0 DU VIVIER: I traveled there as a diplomatic courier with a ninety-pound ba0 of crypto0raphic equipment. I went from (ashin0ton to 4iami to ZanderiA Field in Dutch 3uyana to Belem and Natal BraBil. .here I was stuc1 for seventeen days, and eventually via Ascension Island I was flown to Accra in a C-87. Delivered my ba0 to .om Hic1o1 the consul in Accra, I 0ot to wor1 on economic reportin0. .here was a critical shorta0e of cocoa before the end of the war, and half of the worldCs chocolate came from the 3old Coast. .he crop that year -- 194 -- was affected by two deadly diseases called swollen shoot and sarba0ella. And it was essential that with American a0ricultural e8pertise we would be able to replant or save the plantations of cocoa beans. .he Navy had an e8pert there, Commander Leonard SchwarB, whoCd wor1ed with the Roc1wood Chocolate Company. Hershey did not have somebody there, but Cadbury was represented in near-by Ni0eria. ,- Cadbury being a British... DU VIVIER: Des, and I 0ot very involved in learnin0 about a0riculture and visitin0 the plantations and seein0 the native mana0ers and so on. .here was also a very vital shipment of maho0any timber for ship and boat buildin0, and a lot of it went to the United States Eto build P.-boatsF as well as to Britain. .here was a lar0e colony of 3ree1 and Bel0ian and Swiss merchants, each one with a department store, and we were constantly thrown to0ether with them, but primarily we were dealin0 with the British. .he American Air .ransport Command had a base with two thousand men and twelve nurses nearby, the best airport in Africa at the time, but Colonel Nelson and the other colonel disli1ed the British intensely, stayed very much to themselves. Our assi0nment was to be almost part of the British official colonial 0overnment. One of the peculiar thin0s there was that we had strict instructions not to do any political reportin0 and not to try to contact local chieftains. .he officer in char0e was .om Hic1o1, who was a bachelor and very pro-British. He had served in Dublin and was homesic1. He was a very tall and 0ood-loo1in0, sin0le man, and then I was ne8t in ran1, followed by an au8iliary vice- consul called Earl Richey, who did the visa-passport wor1, if any, and then there was a code cler1 called ,im 4ason who later joined the Forei0n Service and is retired here, with a French wife. And I must say that our social life became very active when 4ar0aret, my wife, was allowed to join me after VE Day. I returned to (ashin0ton as a courier, pic1ed her up and we sailed to0ether on a Norwe0ian 10,000 ton frei0hter to0ether with ten US missionariesG ,- 2hat would have been April /45. DU VIVIER: Des. At a0e 2 she was one of three American civilian women in the 3old Coast. She 0ot a 0reat deal of attention. A tall, dar1-haired e8-debutante she was bound to ma1e an impression. Unfortunately, I 0ot malaria, and then she 0ot it in .o0oland HBenin formerly DahomeyI about two months later. .hen a junior vice-consul, called Dic1 Klass, 0ot it and died with blac1-water fever. His body temperature rose up to 107 in five days and his body turned blac1 which was rather dis0ustin0, includin0 his private parts, which somebody had to identify. .hen I 0ot it and barely squea1ed throu0h. (e were not 0iven quinine but too1 a daily yellow pill called Atabrine which didnCt wor1, as it only suppressed it, and 0radually your whole bloodstream was filled with this yellow dye, even your eyeballs. I was cured from tertian mali0nant Falciparum malaria with a stran0e diet of 0ranulated charcoal and a concoction that loo1ed li1e mil1 of ma0nesia. As a result I turned in my resi0nation directly to the head of the African division, Henry Villard, because 4r. Hic1o1 was most unhelpful. Bein0 a true friend and a 0entleman, tore it up and never sent it to Personnel. .his would be unheard of today. ,- 2his was when0 DU VIVIER: .his was in ,anuary C46, five months after V-, Day. ,- 5ou ailed it in. DU VIVIER: I mailed it in directly via British posta0e. ,- .ell how were relations... DU VIVIER: 4r. Villard officially called me home, Jon transfer.J ,- How were relations in the consulate0 It was a consulate0 DU VIVIER: (ithin the consulateK 3ood, but stiff. .he principal officer, bein0 0ay, was much more interested in his social life with a British naval officer and was periodically out of reach in the northern parts of the country, so that left me in char0e. .om Hic1o1 was cleared of char0es of moral turpitude by the Department but committed suicide in 1949. Once a stran0e incident happened one wee1end when I was in char0e. (e 1new that three blac1 Aournalists were comin0 with an A-1 priority from the (hite House representin0 blac1 newspapers in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Harlem. (hen they landed, Colonel Nelson, in char0e of the air base, refused to let them stay on the base more than four hours, so they just barely had time to catch their breath and have brea1fast. .hey were brou0ht to our bun0alow where Earl Richey and I were enAoyin0 the wee1end. (e recruited two Army nurses and three other people to 0ive the semblance of a party. (e let them rela8 and 0ave them thin0s to drin1, smo1e and briefed them on African conditions while ma1in0 it very clear that the African people were hard to reach because we had to deal throu0h the British colonial officials who discoura0ed any contacts between forei0ners and the native population. (e or0aniBed that evenin0 a curry- style dinner, for twelve on the terrace. ,ohnson, the Jnumber one boy,J beautifully dressed in a white uniform, but barefoot, loo1ed over this peculiar seatin0 arran0ement which I presided. He first decided to serve the ladies, of course, and then he served the hosts Emyself, and Earl RicheyF. .hen he pic1ed out the li0htest of the blac1 journalists, and followed by the two dar1er. .he dar1est in fact was the 0uest of honor. (e pretended we didnCt notice all this, and tried to lau0h. .he ne8t mornin0 ,ohnson came to me with a 0rim loo1, and with a curt little bow says, J4assa, I wor1 for white massa for fifteen years and ICve never been so insulted in my life.J And I said, J(hatCs the matter, ,ohnsonKJ pretendin0 I didnCt 1now. He replied, JI never had anyone receive blac1 men in his house before, and so I serve notice.J And I said, J(hyK Do you find the pay isnCt adequateKJ JItCs not that. ItCs the fact that ICve been insulted.J It too1 me, I thin1, fifteen minutes of pleadin0, sayin0 that I had orders from (ashin0ton, and was only doin0 my job.
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