DOCSLIB.ORG

Gastropoda) of the Islands of Sao Tome and Principe, with New Records and Descriptions of New Taxa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

This is the submitted version of the article: “Holyoak, D.T., Holyoak, G.A., Lima, R.F. de, Panisi, M. and Sinclair, F. 2020. A checklist of the land Mollusca (Gastropoda) of the islands of Sao Tome and Principe, with new records and descriptions of new taxa. Iberus, 38 (2): 219-319.” This version has not been peer-reviewed and is only being shared to comply with funder requirements. Please do not use it in any form and contact the authors (e.g.: [email protected]) to get access to the accepted version of the article. 1 New species and genera and new island records of land snails (Gastropoda) from the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe Nueva especies de .... David T. HOLYOAK1, Geraldine A. HOLYOAK1, Ricardo F. de LIMA2,3, Martina PANISI2 and Frazer SINCLAIR3,4 Recibidio el ... ABSTRACT Seven species of terrestrial Gastropoda are newly described from the island of São Tomé and six more from the island of Príncipe. The genera involved are Chondrocyclus (Cyclophoridae), Maizania and Thomeomaizania (Maizaniidae), Pseudoveronicella (Veronicellidae), Nothapalus (Achatinidae: subfamily undet.), Gulella and Streptostele (Streptaxidae), Truncatellina (Truncatellinidae), Afroconulus (Euconulidae), Principicochlea gen. nov., Principotrochoidea gen. nov., Thomithapsia gen. nov. and Thomitrochoidea gen. nov. (Urocyclidae). Most of these are from natural forest habitats and are likely to be single- island endemics. Apothapsia gen. nov. (Helicarionidae) is also described to accommodate two previously known species. Additional new island records are of ten species on São Tomé, one on Príncipe alone and two more on both islands. These include six species of "microgastropods" with wider ranges in tropical Africa that are likely to be hitherto overlooked parts of the indigenous fauna and six anthropogenic introductions; Pseudopeas crossei previously known only from Príncipe and Bioko is newly recorded on São Tomé. More detailed taxonomic notes are provided on identification and delimitation of species and genera in Cyclophoridae/ Maizaniidae, Veronicellidae, Achatinidae (for Petriola), Helicarionidae, and on the forgotten but apparently valid Pseudoveronicella thomensis (Veronicellidae). The first comprehensive checklists since the works of Germain in 1916 are presented for the terrestrial Mollusca of both islands, comprising 86 species in total, with 59 known for São Tomé and 45 for Príncipe. RESUMO Sete novas espécies de gastrópodes terrestres são descritas da ilha de São Tomé e seis da ilha do Príncipe. Os géneros envolvidos são Chondrocyclus (Cyclophoridae), Maizania e Thomeomaizania (Maizaniidae), Pseudoveronicella (Veronicellidae), Nothapalus (Achatinidae: subfamília indet.), Gulella and Streptostele (Streptaxidae), Truncatellina (Truncatellinidae), Afroconulus (Euconulidae), Principicochlea gen. nov., Principotrochoidea gen. nov., Thomithapsia gen. nov. e Thomitrochoidea gen. nov. (Urocyclidae). A maioria destes registos foram feitos em habitats de floresta natural e provavelmente são endémicos de uma única ilha. Apothapsia gen. nov. (Helicarionidae) também é descrito para acomodar duas espécies já conhecidas. 10 espécies adicionais são novos registos para São Tomé, uma para o Príncipe e duas para ambas as ilhas. Estes incluem seis espécies de "microgastrópodes" com ampla distribuição na África tropical, que provavelmente são parte da fauna indígena que tinha passado despercebida, e seis introduções antropogénicas; Pseudopeas crossei anteriormente conhecida apenas do Príncipe e Bioko é um novo registo para São Tomé. São fornecidas notas taxonómicas mais detalhadas sobre a identificação e delimitação de espécies e géneros de Cyclophoridae/ Maizaniidae, Veronicellidae, Achatinidae (para o género Petriola), Helicarionidae e para a 2 esquecida, mas aparentemente válida Pseudoveronicella thomensis. São apresentadas as primeiras listas compreensivas de moluscos terrestres para ambas as ilhas desde os trabalhos de Germain em 1916, compreendendo 86 espécies no total, com 59 conhecidas para São Tomé e 45 para o Príncipe. RESUMEN Se describen x especies nuevas de Gastropoda terrestre de la isla de Santo Tomé (to be completed) 1Quinta da Cachopa, Rua da Barcoila no. 274, 6100-014 Cabeçudo, Portugal. Corresponding authors, e-mail: [email protected] 2Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (Ce3C), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. 3Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749- 016 Lisboa, Portugal. 4Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge, U.K. 5Fundação Príncipe, Santo António, Príncipe Island, Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. __________________________________________________________________________ 3 INTRODUCTION The Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe comprises two mountainous islands lying close to the Equator in the Gulf of Guinea, off the west coast of central Africa. Both islands form part of the Cameroon Line of volcanos, and both arose due to volcanic activity during the Tertiary. They rise from oceanic depths and have always been isolated from the nearest African coasts, which are no closer than 220 km and 255 km distant at the present day. Their natural vegetation was tropical rainforest, although cultivation has replaced most of it on the lower ground since human colonisation began in the fifteenth century (JONES & TYE, 2006). Both islands support rich land-snail faunas with a high proportion of endemic species. GASCOIGNE (1994a, 1994b) reported the faunas as comprising 39 species for São Tomé and 32 species for Príncipe, although he never published a full list for either island. Among these, he calculated for São Tomé that 25 species (64.1%) were single island endemics, with 19 (59.4%) for Príncipe; an additional 5 and 6 species respectively for each island were regarded as endemic to the Gulf of Guinea islands as a whole (i.e. present on more than one of the islands of São Tomé, Príncipe, Bioko or Annobon). GASCOIGNE (1993, 1996) also published useful bibliographies of the fauna of the islands. Most of the land-snail species were discovered and named during the nineteenth century, in publications by RANG (1831), MORELET (1848, 1858, 1868), DOHRN (1866a, 1866b), GREEFF (1882), NOBRE (1886, 1891, 1894) and GIRARD (1893a, 1893b), with reviews by CROSSE (1868, 1888a, 1888b) and Girard. In the early twentieth century, GERMAIN (1908, 1912a, 1912b, 1915, 1916) reported on additional large collections of specimens, but the proportion of new species he found was lower, so one might gain the impression that faunal exploration had almost been completed. After this there was a long break in activity, until GASCOIGNE (1994a) became resident on São Tomé and reported new discoveries of a few species that had been introduced to the islands. However, the paper by GERMAIN (1916) was the last to give a comprehensive critical checklist of the land Mollusca of either of the islands. DTH and GAH visited both islands in December 2013 and made small collections of land Mollusca, and subsequently prepared a review of the endemic genus Rhysotina of São Tomé (HOLYOAK & HOLYOAK, 2016). RFL and MP made several longer visits to the islands over the next few years, partly to study Archachatina, during which small numbers of other molluscs were obtained. Unidentified taxa from the collections made in 2013 appeared to represent undescribed species, so DTH and GAH returned to both islands in November- December 2018 in order to collect more systematically. Their fieldwork on Príncipe was carried out with assistance from FS and his co-workers from the Fundacão Príncipe and these continued to collect molluscs in other areas during 2019. RFL and MP also continued to work on both islands in 2018 and 2019, resulting in more specimens found during studies focussed on Archachatina. This paper describes the 13 new species discovered during all of this fieldwork, along with other material representing new distributional records for either island. We found that very small snails (<3 mm) had often been overlooked by earlier workers, doubtless because they mainly occur at very low densities, sieving techniques were not used in the past and the weak daylight reaching the ground inside the rainforests makes direct searching unproductive. However, some taxa with larger shells had also been overlooked, possibly because they resembled known species. Research on the material collected is continuing in order to clarify and update the taxonomy of many of the endemic species from anatomical and other characters, a process made more difficult by the poor level of taxonomic understanding of the faunas of neighbouring continental countries. Because nothing better 4 exists to fill the need for a full checklist, we give provisional full species lists for both islands in Table 1. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fieldwork was carried out by DTH and GAH on São Tomé from 1-7 and 11-13 Dec. 2013 and 24 Nov.-2 Dec. and 8-12 Dec. 2018; on Príncipe on 9-10 Dec. 2013 and 3-6 Dec. 2018. In 2018 we were assisted in the field on some days by RFL, MP and FS, along with local guides and other helpers, and these authors also made small collections independently. Fieldwork sites were selected by DTH and GAH to represent a range of molluscan habitats, but with a preference for native forest in good condition. At each site we attempted to find and record a full list of all species of non-marine Mollusca present, including slugs, and to always collect samples of those that could not be reliably identified in the field.
Recommended publications
  • San Gabriel Chestnut ESA Petition

    San Gabriel Chestnut ESA Petition

    BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR PETITION TO THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE TO PROTECT THE SAN GABRIEL CHESTNUT SNAIL UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT © James Bailey CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Notice of Petition Ryan Zinke, Secretary U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street NW Washington, D.C. 20240 [email protected] Greg Sheehan, Acting Director U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1849 C Street NW Washington, D.C. 20240 [email protected] Paul Souza, Director Region 8 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Southwest Region 2800 Cottage Way Sacramento, CA 95825 [email protected] Petitioner The Center for Biological Diversity is a national, nonprofit conservation organization with more than 1.3 million members and supporters dedicated to the protection of endangered species and wild places. http://www.biologicaldiversity.org Failure to grant the requested petition will adversely affect the aesthetic, recreational, commercial, research, and scientific interests of the petitioning organization’s members and the people of the United States. Morally, aesthetically, recreationally, and commercially, the public shows increasing concern for wild ecosystems and for biodiversity in general. 1 November 13, 2017 Dear Mr. Zinke: Pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. §1533(b), Section 553(3) of the Administrative Procedures Act, 5 U.S.C. § 553(e), and 50 C.F.R. §424.14(a), the Center for Biological Diversity and Tierra Curry hereby formally petition the Secretary of the Interior, through the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (“FWS”, “the Service”) to list the San Gabriel chestnut snail (Glyptostoma gabrielense) as a threatened or endangered species under the Endangered Species Act and to designate critical habitat concurrently with listing.
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November

    §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November

    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
  • Biogeography of the Land Snail Genus Allognathus (Helicidae): Middle Miocene Colonization of the Balearic Islands

    Biogeography of the Land Snail Genus Allognathus (Helicidae): Middle Miocene Colonization of the Balearic Islands

    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2015) 42, 1845–1857 ORIGINAL Biogeography of the land snail genus ARTICLE Allognathus (Helicidae): middle Miocene colonization of the Balearic Islands Luis J. Chueca1,2*, Marıa Jose Madeira1,2 and Benjamın J. Gomez-Moliner 1,2 1Department of Zoology and Animal Cell ABSTRACT Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aim We infer the evolutionary history of the land snail genus Allognathus the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2 from a molecular phylogeny. An approximate temporal framework for its colo- Alava, Spain, Biodiversity Research Group CIEA Lucio Lascaray, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, nization of the Balearic Islands and diversification within the archipelago is Alava, Spain provided according to palaeogeographical events in the western Mediterranean Basin. Location The Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean. Methods A 2461-bp DNA sequence dataset was generated from one nuclear and two mitochondrial gene fragments in 87 specimens, covering all nominal taxa of the genus Allognathus. Through maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods along with a Bayesian molecular clock, we examined the evolutionary history of the group. Ancestral distribution ranges were estimated for divergence events across the tree using a Bayesian approach. We also used genetic species-delimitation models to determine the taxonomy of Allognathus. Results We provided the first molecular phylogeny of Allognathus, a genus endemic to the Balearic Islands. The origin of the genus in the Balearic Islands was dated to the middle Miocene based on palaeogeographical events in the Western Mediterranean. During the late Miocene and Pliocene, several diversi- fication events occurred within the archipelago. The ancestral range of Allogna- thus was reconstructed as the north-eastern Tramuntana Mountains of Mallorca.
  • Distribution and Diversity Land Snails in Human Inhabited Landscapes of Trans Nzoia County, Kenya

    Distribution and Diversity Land Snails in Human Inhabited Landscapes of Trans Nzoia County, Kenya

    South Asian Journal of Parasitology 3(2): 1-6, 2019; Article no.SAJP.53503 Distribution and Diversity Land Snails in Human Inhabited Landscapes of Trans Nzoia County, Kenya Mukhwana Dennis Wafula1* 1Department of Zoology, Maseno University, Kenya. Author’s contribution The sole author designed, analysed, interpreted and prepared the manuscript. Article Information Editor(s): (1) Dr. Somdet Srichairatanakool, Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. Reviewers: (1) Abdoulaye Dabo, University of Sciences Techniques and technologies, Mali. (2) Tawanda Jonathan Chisango, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe. (3) Stella C. Kirui, Maasai Mara Univeristy, Kenya. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/53503 Received 18 October 2019 Original Research Article Accepted 24 December 2019 Published 26 December 2019 ABSTRACT The study evaluated the distribution and some ecological aspects of land snails in croplands of Trans Nzoia, Kenya from January to December 2016. Snails were collected monthly during the study period and sampled using a combination of indirect litter sample methods and timed direct search. Snails collected were kept in labeled specimen vials and transported to the National Museums of Kenya for identification using keys and reference collection. In order to understand environmental variables that affect soil snail abundance; canopy, soil pH and temperature was measured per plot while humidity and rainfall data was obtained from the nearest weather stations to the study sites. A total of 2881 snail specimens (29 species from 10 families) were recorded. The families Subulinidae, Charopidae and Urocyclidae were found to be dorminant. The most abundant species was Opeas lamoense (12% of the sample).
  • Molluscs of the Dürrenstein Wilderness Area

    Molluscs of the Dürrenstein Wilderness Area

    Molluscs of the Dürrenstein Wilderness Area S a b i n e F ISCHER & M i c h a e l D UDA Abstract: Research in the Dürrenstein Wilderness Area (DWA) in the southwest of Lower Austria is mainly concerned with the inventory of flora, fauna and habitats, interdisciplinary monitoring and studies on ecological disturbances and process dynamics. During a four-year qualitative study of non-marine molluscs, 96 sites within the DWA and nearby nature reserves were sampled in cooperation with the “Alpine Land Snails Working Group” located at the Natural History Museum of Vienna. Altogether, 84 taxa were recorded (72 land snails, 12 water snails and mussels) including four endemics and seven species listed in the Austrian Red List of Molluscs. A reference collection (empty shells) of molluscs, which is stored at the DWA administration, was created. This project was the first systematic survey of mollusc fauna in the DWA. Further sampling might provide additional information in the future, particularly for Hydrobiidae in springs and caves, where detailed analyses (e.g. anatomical and genetic) are needed. Key words: Wilderness Dürrenstein, Primeval forest, Benign neglect, Non-intervention management, Mollusca, Snails, Alpine endemics. Introduction manifold species living in the wilderness area – many of them “refugees”, whose natural habitats have almost In concordance with the IUCN guidelines, research is disappeared in today’s over-cultivated landscape. mandatory for category I wilderness areas. However, it may not disturb the natural habitats and communities of the nature reserve. Research in the Dürrenstein The Dürrenstein Wilderness Area Wilderness Area (DWA) focuses on providing invento- (DWA) ries of flora and fauna, on interdisciplinary monitoring The Dürrenstein Wilderness Area (DWA) was as well as on ecological disturbances and process dynamics.
  • Langourov Et Al 2018 Inventory of Selected Groups.Pdf

    Langourov Et Al 2018 Inventory of Selected Groups.Pdf

    ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA Zoogeography and Faunistics Acta zool. bulg., 70 (4), 2018: 487-500 Research Article Inventory of Selected Groups of Invertebrates in Sedge and Reedbeds not Associated with Open Waters in Bulgaria Mario Langourov1, Nikolay Simov1, Rostislav Bekchiev1, Dragan Chobanov2, Vera Antonova2 & Ivaylo Dedov2 1 National Museum of Natural History – Sofia, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Inventory of selected groups of the invertebrate fauna in the EUNIS wetland habitat type D5 “Sedge and reedbeds normally without free-standing water” in Bulgaria was carried out. It included 47 locali- ties throughout the country. The surveyed invertebrate groups included slugs and snails (Gastropoda), dragonflies (Odonata), grasshoppers (Orthoptera), true bugs (Heteroptera), ants (Formicidae), butterflies (Lepidoptera) and some coleopterans (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). Data on the visited localities, identi- fied species and their conservation status are presented. In total, 316 species of 209 genera and 68 families were recorded. Fifty species were identified as potential indicator species for this wetland habitat type. The highest species richness (with more than 50 species) was observed in wetlands near Marino pole (Plovdiv District) and Karaisen (Veliko Tarnovo District). Key words: Gastropoda, Odonata, Orthoptera, Heteroptera, Formicidae, Lepidoptera, Pselaphinae, wetland. Introduction According to the EUNIS Biodiversity Database, all known mire and spring complex according to the wetlands (mires, bogs and fens) are territories with occurrence of rare and threaten plant and mollusc water table at or above ground level for at least half species.
  • History As a Cause of Area Effects: an Illustration from Cerion on Great Inagua, Bahamas

    History As a Cause of Area Effects: an Illustration from Cerion on Great Inagua, Bahamas

    Biological Journal ofthe Linnean Society (1990), 40: 67-98. With 10 figures History as a cause of area effects: an illustration from Cerion on Great Inagua, Bahamas STEPHEN JAY GOULD Museum of Comparative <oology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A. AND DAVID S. WOODRUFF Department of Biology C-016, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Callfornia 92093, U.S.A. Received 3 February 1989, accepted for publication 31 August 1989 The two parts of this paper work towards the common aim of setting contexts for and documenting explanations based on historical contingencies. The first part is a review of area effects in Cepaea. We discuss the original definitions and explanations, emphasizing the debate of adaptationist us. stochastic approaches, but arguing that the contrast of historical contingency us. selective fit to environment forms a more fruitful and fundamental context in discussing the origin of area effects. We argue that contingencies of bottlenecks and opening of formerly unsuited habitats may explain the classic area effects of Cepaea better than selectionist accounts originally proposed. The second part is a documentation of an area effect within Cerion columna on the northern coast of Great Inagua, Bahamas. Historical explanations are often plagued by insufficiency of preserved information, but the Inagua example provides an unusual density of data, with several independent criteria all pointing to the same conclusion. Shells in the area effect are squat and flat-topped in contrast with typical populations of long, thin, tapering shells living both east and west of the area effect. The flat-topped area effect is a result of introgression with a propagule of the C.
  • Fauna of New Zealand Ko Te Aitanga Pepeke O Aotearoa

    Fauna of New Zealand Ko Te Aitanga Pepeke O Aotearoa

    aua o ew eaa Ko te Aiaga eeke o Aoeaoa IEEAE SYSEMAICS AISOY GOU EESEAIES O ACAE ESEAC ema acae eseac ico Agicuue & Sciece Cee P O o 9 ico ew eaa K Cosy a M-C aiièe acae eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa EESEAIE O UIESIIES M Emeso eame o Eomoogy & Aima Ecoogy PO o ico Uiesiy ew eaa EESEAIE O MUSEUMS M ama aua Eiome eame Museum o ew eaa e aa ogaewa O o 7 Weigo ew eaa EESEAIE O OESEAS ISIUIOS awece CSIO iisio o Eomoogy GO o 17 Caea Ciy AC 1 Ausaia SEIES EIO AUA O EW EAA M C ua (ecease ue 199 acae eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 38 Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mousca Gasooa Gay M ake acae eseac iae ag 317 amio ew eaa 4 Maaaki Whenua Ρ Ε S S ico Caeuy ew eaa 1999 Coyig © acae eseac ew eaa 1999 o a o is wok coee y coyig may e eouce o coie i ay om o y ay meas (gaic eecoic o mecaica icuig oocoyig ecoig aig iomaio eiea sysems o oewise wiou e wie emissio o e uise Caaoguig i uicaio AKE G Μ (Gay Micae 195— auase eesia Syommaooa (Mousca Gasooa / G Μ ake — ico Caeuy Maaaki Weua ess 1999 (aua o ew eaa ISS 111-533 ; o 3 IS -7-93-5 I ie 11 Seies UC 593(931 eae o uIicaio y e seies eio (a comee y eo Cosy usig comue-ase e ocessig ayou scaig a iig a acae eseac M Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa Māoi summay e y aco uaau Cosuas Weigo uise y Maaaki Weua ess acae eseac O o ico Caeuy Wesie //wwwmwessco/ ie y G i Weigo o coe eoceas eicuaum (ue a eigo oaa (owe (IIusao G M ake oucio o e coou Iaes was ue y e ew eaIa oey oa ue oeies eseac
  • Snail Production in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: Technologies, Productivity and Enhancement Measures

    Snail Production in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: Technologies, Productivity and Enhancement Measures

    SNAIL PRODUCTION IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA: TECHNOLOGIES, PRODUCTIVITY AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES BY SUWARI, GOD’STIME SAMUEL PG/Ph.D/04/35563 DEPARTMENT OF VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION (AGRICULTURAL UNIT) UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA SUPERVISOR: DR. R.O. MAMA OCTOBER, 2010. 2 TITLE PAGE SNAIL PRODUCTION IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA: TECHNOLOGIES, PRODUCTIVITY AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES BY SUWARI, GOD’STIME SAMUEL PG/Ph.D/04/35563 A THESIS REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA; IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF Ph.D DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION SUPERVISOR: DR. R.O. MAMA OCTOBER, 2010. 2 3 APPROVAL PAGE This thesis has been approved for the Department of Vocational Teacher Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. By ………………………….. ………………………… Dr. R.O. Mama (Supervisor) Internal Examiner ………………………… ………………………. Prof. E.E. Agomuo External Examiner (Head of Department) …………………………… Prof. S.A. Ezeudu (Dean, Faculty of Education) 3 4 CERTIFICATION SUWARI, GOD’STIME SAMUEL, a postgraduate student in the Department of Vocational Teacher Education (Agriculture) with Registration Number PG/Ph.D/04/35563, has satisfactorily completed the requirements for the research work for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Education. The work embodied in this thesis is original and has not been submitted in part or full for any Diploma or Degree of this University or any other University. ………………………………….. ……………………… SUWARI, GOD’STIME SAMUEL DR. R.O. MAMA Student Supervisor 4 5 DEDICATION To: Almighty God from whom mercy, knowledge, wisdom and understanding come and who has made me what I am today. 5 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researcher wishes to express his profound gratitude to the project supervisor, Dr.
  • Portadas 21 (1)

    Portadas 21 (1)

    © Sociedad Española de Malacología Iberus , 21 (1): 115-127, 2003 Four new Euthria (Mollusca, Buccinidae) from the Cape Verde archipelago, with comments on the validity of the genus Cuatro nuevas Euthria (Mollusca, Buccinidae) del archipiélago de Cabo Verde con comentarios sobre la validez del género Emilio ROLÁN *, António MONTEIRO ** and Koen FRAUSSEN *** Recibido el 2-XII-2002. Aceptado el 22-I-2003 ABSTRACT Four species, collected in the Cape Verde Islands, are described as new and assigned to the genus Euthria M. E. Gray, 1830. The new species are compared with other taxa from the Mediterranean Sea and the Cape Verde Archipelago. The genera Euthria , and Buccin - ulum are compared and the significance of the differences between them is discussed, leading to the conclusion that both genera are valid and should be kept separated. RESUMEN Se describen cuatro especies nuevas del género Euthria M. E. Gray, 1830 recogidas en aguas circalitorales del archipiélago de Cabo Verde. Las nuevas especies son compara - das con otros taxones congenéricos existentes en el Mediterráneo y en el propio archip - iélago. Recientemente, el género Euthria, únicamente conocido del Atlántico oriental, ha sido sinonimizado con Buccinulum , que posee especies en el Indo-Pacífico, por lo que se comparan ambos géneros y se discute el valor de las diferencias entre ellos, considerando finalmente que ambos son válidos, y deben mantenerse separados. KEY WORDS: Euthria , Buccinulum , Cape Verde Archipelago, new taxa. PALABRAS CLAVE : Euthria , Buccinulum , Archipiélago de Cabo Verde, nuevos táxones. INTRODUCTION During the last few years, the genus them separate, as commented upon in Euthria Gray, 1850 has frequently been “Remarks” of this paper.
  • Using the Jolly-Seber Model to Characterise Xerolenta Obvia (Gastropoda: Geomitridae) Population ISSN 2255-9582

    Using the Jolly-Seber Model to Characterise Xerolenta Obvia (Gastropoda: Geomitridae) Population ISSN 2255-9582

    Environmental and Experimental Biology (2020) 18: 83–94 Original Paper http://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.18.08 Using the Jolly-Seber model to characterise Xerolenta obvia (Gastropoda: Geomitridae) population ISSN 2255-9582 Beāte Cehanoviča1, Arturs Stalažs2* 1Dobele State Gymnasium, Dzirnavu 2, Dobele LV–3701, Latvia 2Institute of Horticulture, Graudu 1, Ceriņi, Krimūnu pagasts, Dobeles novads LV–3701, Latvia *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The terrestrial snail species Xerolenta obvia (Menke) has colonized dry, steppe-like habitats that have been created as a result of human activities in many countries outside the natural range of this species. In Latvia, this species was first recorded in 1989 in Liepāja. Observations in recent years in Liepāja have shown that snails from their initial introduction sites on the railway have also spread to the sand dune habitats within the city limits. Given that there are no snails in dune habitats that are biologically equivalent to X. obvia, this species is considered to be potentially invasive. As the distribution trends of this species in Liepāja indicate a possible threat to dry habitats in natural areas, detailed study of the species was conducted for the population of this species located in Dobele. Monitoring was performed from May 26 to August 5, 2019, carrying out 11 surveys with one week interval using the capture and re-capture method. The maximum recorded distance travelled by of one snail was 29.7 m; the calculated minimum estimated population density was 170 individuals and the maximum was 2004 individuals. Key words: alien species, Dobele population, eastern heath snail, Helicella candicans, Helicella obvia, potentially invasive species.
  • Abstract Volume

    Abstract Volume

    ABSTRACT VOLUME August 11-16, 2019 1 2 Table of Contents Pages Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………...1 Abstracts Symposia and Contributed talks……………………….……………………………………………3-225 Poster Presentations…………………………………………………………………………………226-291 3 Venom Evolution of West African Cone Snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) Samuel Abalde*1, Manuel J. Tenorio2, Carlos M. L. Afonso3, and Rafael Zardoya1 1Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva 2Universidad de Cadiz, Departamento CMIM y Química Inorgánica – Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO) 3Universidade do Algarve, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR) Cone snails form one of the most diverse families of marine animals, including more than 900 species classified into almost ninety different (sub)genera. Conids are well known for being active predators on worms, fishes, and even other snails. Cones are venomous gastropods, meaning that they use a sophisticated cocktail of hundreds of toxins, named conotoxins, to subdue their prey. Although this venom has been studied for decades, most of the effort has been focused on Indo-Pacific species. Thus far, Atlantic species have received little attention despite recent radiations have led to a hotspot of diversity in West Africa, with high levels of endemic species. In fact, the Atlantic Chelyconus ermineus is thought to represent an adaptation to piscivory independent from the Indo-Pacific species and is, therefore, key to understanding the basis of this diet specialization. We studied the transcriptomes of the venom gland of three individuals of C. ermineus. The venom repertoire of this species included more than 300 conotoxin precursors, which could be ascribed to 33 known and 22 new (unassigned) protein superfamilies, respectively. Most abundant superfamilies were T, W, O1, M, O2, and Z, accounting for 57% of all detected diversity.