WORKERS THE OF T H E WORLD . UNITE MILITANT â Weekly Organr/ïti. niof tïithe p f!nmCommunist mun í«f LeagueJ jw lím i* nfof America Amprlrn lOfihncitinnl [Opposition] ▼ Published weekly by the Communist League of America (Opposition) at 84 East 10th Street, New York, N. Y. Entered as second class mail matter, November 28, 1928 at the Post Office at New York, N. Y. under the act of March 3, 1879. VOLlMEV^Ori^TwHOTiE^oriH] NEW YORK, SATURDAY, MARCH 19, 1932 PRICE 5 CENTS

Lenin on the Paris Commune New Trotsky Series on Germany Starts Next W eek Results of the German Elections -O- Beginning with the next issue, The We reprint below an article by taken prisoner to put down revolutionary Lenin on the significance of the Paris), succeeded in rousing the back­ M ilita n t will print extracts from com­ Gains of Reaction Serious Warning against Stalinist Policy Paris Commune to the international ward peasants and the petty bourgeoisie rade Trotsky’s new book on Germany. only natural to assume that Hitler will united front against the menace that working class. Lenin and the Bol­ of the provinces against the proletariat Last Sunday’s presidential elections in The book has just arrived and is being act accordingly. The menace of Fasc­ sheviks absorbed the lessons taught of Paris, and in surrounding half of Germany were breathlessly watched by a was directly threatening them, against translhted into English. The table of ism hangs more heavily over the head of by Marx and Engels on the Com­ Paris with a ring of steel (the other half world torn by economic crisis and ap­ Fascism. Both social democratic and the German working class than ever. mune and found these invaluable in was held by the German army). In contents are: Democracy and Fascism; prehensive of social convulsions. For Communist workers had fallen in the their struggle for the Russian Rev­ some of the larger cities in France The Social Democracy and the Policy of the bourgeois philistine, for the addict How did the working class forces fare slaughter brought about by the Nazis in olution. On the sixty-first anniver­ (Marseilles, Lyons, St. Eitenne,, Dijon, the Lesser Evil; T1»e Italian Experience; of parliamentary cretinism, the elections in the elections? The only working class tftieir punitive expeditions into Bruns­ candidate in the field, the candidate of wick, both reformist and revolutionary sary of the Paris Commune it is be­ etc.) the workers also attempted to seize The Communist Party and the Working constitute a fait accompli, an establish­ ed fact. Thus, for instance, the Amer­ the Communist Pary, Ernst Thaelmann, workers were victimzed in the daily at fitting for us to reprint this brief power, to proclaim the Commune, and Class; The United Front Policy (Funda­ ican press, in its comment on the re­ received a to ta l of 4,900,000 out o f the tacks made upon working class meet writing penned by one who helped come to the help of Paris, but these at­ mental Principles) ; The Soviets as O r­ sults of Sunday’s poll, sees a decisive 37.000. 000 votes cast. A ll in a ll, a gain ings, groups and colonies. It was only carry out the tasks the heroic Paris­ tempts soon failed. Paris, which had gans of the" U nited F ro n t; The Russian repulsion of Fascism and a permanent of some 350,000 over the 4,587,000 votes natural for tire workers to feel the nec­ ian Communards set themselves, con­ first raised the flag of proletarian revolt, Experience; What Is Centrism; Burocra- victory for the “inherently conservative the Communist P a rty received in 1930, essity of fighting first and foremost tinued their work, and began the was left to its own resources and doom­ tic Centrism (The International Stalin character” of the German people. Hit­ When we compare this gain with the against this danger. class revenge of the eWorld proletar­ ed to certain destruction. Faction) ; The S. A. P. and Its Future; ler's inability to muster a larger vote 5.000. 000 gain of the Fascists, when we iat against the bloody suppression For the victory of the social revolu­ Brandlfr, Urbans and Others; Economic The task of creating a united front of t than Hindenburg to them spells Hit­ keep in mind the fact that Thaelmann active struggle against Fascism could of the Commune by leading the tion, at least two conditions are neces­ Struggles and Trade Union Unity; The ler’s defeat. For the revolution­ was the only working class candidate in only be carried out by the Communists, Russian workers to the victorious sary : a high development of productive Political Mass Strike, Workers’ Control ary, for the Marxist, the elec­ by the revolutionary party. It was the forces and the preparedness of the pro­ the field—the social democrats renounc­ Red October.—Ed. of Production; From Defensive to Of­ tions constitute merely a gauge of social duty of the Communists to farce the le ta ria t. B u t in 1871 ne ithe r o f these ed a candidacy of their own iil favor of Forty years have passed since the fensive. and political developments. It is there­ social democratic leaders, already under conditions was present. French capital­ the Hohenzollern Field Marshall—and proclamation of the Paris Commune. fore only natural for us to egard the pressure from their rank and file, into ism was still only slightly developed, finally when we consider the sharpness bourgeois press comment with a grain this united front, to put them to the test According to their custom, the French and France was at that time mainly a of the economic situation, we can only workers of France but by the proletariat of skepticism. With them, it is a case before their own followers. That was proletariat are honouring the memory of country of petty-bourgeoisie (artisans, of the whole world, for the Commune of the wish being the father of the admit that the Communist candidate duty clearly devolving upon the revolu­ the revolutionary workers of March 18, peasants, shopkeepers, etc.). On the did not fight for any local or narrow thought. The American bourgeoisie suffered a disastrous defeat in Sunday’s tionary party from the gerferal situation. 1871, by meetings and dem onstrations. other hand there w^is no workers’ party, national aim, but for the freedom of fears social unrest, abroad as well as elections. T h a t is the bare fact*. The What did the Stalinist leadership do in­ At the end of May they w ill again bring the working class, which in the mass toiling humanity, of all the downtrod­ at home, worse than the pest. An ad­ entire import of this fact must be real­ stead. It rejected any united front what wreaths to the tombs of the Commun­ was unprepared and untrained, did not den and oppressed. As the foremost vance of Fascism can only mean an out­ ized by every Communist fighter, by soever with the “social Fascists” and ards who were Shot, the victims of the even clearly visualize its tasks and the fighter for the social revolution, the break of civil war in Germany. To hush every sincere revolutionist. The lesson called upon the social democratic work­ fearful “May Week”, and over their methods of fulfilling them. There were Commune has won sympathy wherever away the chimera of such a ciyil war, of the election must be brought home to ers to join the “Red united front under graves they will once more take the no serious political organizations of the there is a proletariat struggling and its press prefers to overlook the facts. the class conscious workers the con­ the leadership of the Communist party”. oath to fight untiringly until their ideas proletariat, no strong trade unions and suffering. The picture of its life and clusions must be drawn from it before By the rejection of the Leninist concep­ have conquered, until their cause has co-operative societies. To be sure. Hitler only rallied 11, death, the sight of a workers’ govern­ it is too late before the decisive blow has tion of the united front, the Stalinist been completely victorious. But the chief thing which the Com­ ment which seized the capital of the 500,000 votes to H indenburg’s 18,000,000. But when we consider that the Fascist been struck. Central Commitee of the German party Why do the proletariat, not only in mune lacked was the time to think out world and kept it in its hands for over gain amounted to some 5,000,000 votes The election defeat of Thaelmann repelled the reformist workers, left them France but throughout the entire world, and undertake the fulfillment of its two months, the spectacle of the heroic more than the 6,400,000 they received in does not mean a defeat for the working helpless in the face of the treacherous honour the workers of the Paris Com­ programme. It hardly had time to start sruggle of the proletariat and its suf­ the Reichstag elections in 1930, and class, a defeat for Communism. That is machinations of their leadership. It mune as their forerunners? What was working, when the Versailles govern­ ferings after defeat—all this has raised when we look at this fact objectively, not decided by election, that is decided was in this .manner that the social re­ the heritage of the Commune? ment, supported by the entire bourgeois­ the spirit of millions of workers, aroused dispassionately, we cannot fa ll to come to In open struggle, in the factories, in the formists were able to swing the bulk of The Commune broke out spontaneous­ ie, opened military operations against their hopes and attracted their sympath­ streets. It does mean a debacle for the the German proleatriat behind the can­ ly. No one consciously prepared it in Paris. T h e Commune ¡had to th in k firs t ies to the side of socialism. The thun­ the conclusion that the elections reflected Stalinist policy of the German party didacy of the Bruening hunger regime. an organized way. The unsuccessful of all of defence. Right up to the very der of the cannon in Paris awakened a tremendous and absolutely • menacing advance on part of the Fascists. To be leadership. It should serve as a warn­ The result of the German presidential war with Germany, privations during the end, M ay 21-28, i t had no tim e to th in k the most backward strata of the prole­ ing to all serious and devoted worker- elections is a warning against the ne­ siege, unemployment among the prole­ tariat from deep slumber, and every­ sure, it appears that the Fascists have seriously of anything else. Communists in the ranks of the official farious tactic of the German Stalinites. tariat and ruin among the petty-bourge- where gave impetus to the growth of very little resources left for further In spite of such unfavorable condi­ party. Let us review the facts. The If it is not heeded, the working class of oisie; the indignation of the masses revolutionary Socialist propaganda. This progress by purely legal means. The Hindenburg - Bruening - Groener regime Germany faces disaster. If it is taken against the upper classes and against tions, in spite of the brevity of its ex­ is why the cause of the Commune did perentage of their vote is considerably has been represented in the eyes of all into account, the tactic must be changed the authorities who had displayed their istence, the Commune found time to not die. It lives to the present day in lower than in the partial elections in German workers, the social democratic immediately. More than that, the theory complete incapacity, an indefinable fer- carry out some measures which suffici­ 1931. B u t th a t only increases the pro­ every one of us. as well as the Communist workers, as of “social Fascism” which is the source mentatidn among the working class, ently characterize its real significance bability of a forceful attempt st the The cause of the Commune is the the dicatorship by emergency decree, as of all these disastrous developments, which was discontented with its lot and and aims. The Commune replaced the seizure of power by the Hitlerites. The social revolution, the cause of the com­ the government of increasing misery, must be uprooted. It is this theory, was striving towards a different social standing army, that blind weapon in the very character of the social composition of wage-cuts carried out by cabinet or­ which throws all opponents of the rev system; the reactionary make-up of the hands of the ruling classes, by the arm­ plete political and economic emancipa­ of the Hitler camp, the fact that it is der of the reduction of unemployed in­ olutionary party Into one pot, without National Assembly, which roused fears ed people. It proclaimed the separation tion of the toilers. It Is the cause of subject to violent fluctuations in political surance to the point of starvation; of distinguishing between them and with­ as to the fate of the republic—all this of church from State, abolished the the proletariat of the whole world. And sentiment makes the thought of a“peacer the abrogation of the most elemenary out exploiting the various conflicts among and many other things combined to drive State support of religious bodies (1. e., in th is sense i t is im m ortal. ful” growing into power of the National working class rights; of the introduction them; which bears all the earmarks of the jtopulation of Paris to revolution on State salaries for priests), gave popu­ Rabochaya Gazeta, No. 4-5, Socialists improbable. No one knows of National Socialists into he army. No the Lassallean theory of the “single March 18. which unexpectedly placed lar education a purely secular charac­ worker could possibly overlook these reactionary mass” condemned and refut­ power in the hands of the National ter, and in this way struck a severe blow A p ril* 28 (1 5 ), 1911.) this better than Hitler himself. It is facts. ed by Marx in his “Criticism of the Guard, in the hands of the working class at the gendarmes in priestly robes. In Gotha Program” ; it is this theory that and the petty-bourgeoisie which had the purely social sphere the Commune The Social democracy, versed in the has left a trail of confusion in the minds could do very lltle, but this little never­ ways of working class betrayal, called joined in with it. of the Communist militants and one of theless clearly shows its character as a upon its followers to vote for this regime This was an event unprecedented in After the Massacre in Detroit disaster in the development of the class popular, workers’ Government. Night in the presidential elections, neverthe­ history. Up to that time power had struggle. work in bakeries was forbidden, the sys­ The m ilitant mass funeral of the Ford have invaded their homes. less. M ore than th a t, i t was a ctu a lly customarily been in the hands of land­ able to rally its followers behind this tem of fines, this system of legalized massacre victims registered the angry Of course that did not matter in the The main danger seen clearly by every lords and capitalists, i. e., in the hands hunger-regime almost to a man. That robbery of the workers, was abolished. answer of the Detroit workers to the least to the automobile kings. Their worker in Germany today is the Fascist of their trusted agents who made up the is astonishing at first, but it must be un­ Finally, the famous decree was issued wanton murder of last week- The vic­ concern is for profit only. But the work­ danger, is the Hitlerite danger. Every so-called Government. After the revolu­ derstood. Why did the social democratic according to which all factories, works tims were laid to rest with full prole­ ers slowly began tc learn that, first of worker regards this question as one of tio n o f M arch 18, when the T hie rs Gov­ w orkers vote fo r Hindenburg? The soc­ and workshops which had been abandon­ tarian honors. The imposing funeral all, they must combine their efforts and life and death. The Communist party of ernment fled from Paris with its troops, ial democratic misleaders called upon ed or stopped by their owners, were to march lent further emphasis to the grow­ definitely present their demands for Germany must realize this fact, if it is its police and its officials, the people re­ their worker-followers to vote for Hin- be handed over to associations of work­ ing working class demand for unemploy­ relief. In this they followed Communist not to pursue its road to destruction, if mained masters of the situation and derburg as the “lesser evil” against ers in order to resume production. And, ment relief. leadership, and co rre ctly so. The de­ the working class of Germany is to avoid power passed into the hands of the pro­ Fascism. Did the social democratic as if to emphasize its character as a In this automobile capital the curse monstration on that memorable Monday extermination at the hands of Hitler’s letariat. But in modern sdtiety, enslav­ workers actually believe that this regime truly democratic proletarian Government, of unemployment has become particular­ came to the Ford company to present the butchers. ed economically by capital, the prole­ of hunger and starvation for the work­ the Commune decreed that the salaries ly- acute. It is openly admitted by the unemployed workers’ demands through tariat cannot dominate politically unless ing class will fight against Fascism? The tremendous vote rolled up by the of all ranks In the administration and city authorities that the jobless ranks a committee elected by them. This is it breaks the chains which fetter it to Hardly. Why, then did they neverthe­ Fascists last Sunday, far from being a the government should not exceed the are growing. In this respect the index the essential background of the Ford capital. This is why the movement of less vote for Hindenburg? They voted setback for the Nazi forces, is only a normal wages of a worker, and in no prepared by thp Detroit Board of Com­ massacre: the terrible scourge of un­ the Commune inevitably had to take on for Hindenburg because the situation step in heir march toward the seizure case should dexceed 8,000 francs per merce gives illuminating figures. It re­ employment and the articulate demand of a Socialist colouring, i. e., to begin striv­ seemed hopeless to them, because it was qf power, toward the open attack against year. cords a recent drop to a present low of the workers for relief. ing for the overthrow of the power of the only choice left to tfrem outside of the proletariat. The coming weeks and 68.6 per cent of what was considered a the bourgeoisie, the power of capital, to All these measures showed wltn suf­ Throughout the country unemployment the united front of the working class. months w ill no doubt witness more dar­ normal monthly employment average of destroy the very foundations of the pre­ ficient clearness that the Commune was is on the increase. It is to be expected ing and more impudent assaults upon the 100 in 1923-1925 fo r the whole w o rkin g Whose fault is it that the proletarian sent social order. a deadly menace to the old world, found­ and hoped that the workers everywhere workers’ organizations by the Fascists population. In the month of February w ill also realize ih an increasing meas­ united front was not established? Can than ever before. The workers are At first this movement was extremely ed on slavery and exploitation. There­ this year there were 50,000 less employed ure the need of combining their forces the social democratic leaders be expect­ bound to feel the Hitlerite cudgel even indefinite and confused. It was joined fore bourgeois society could not sleep in Detroit than the same month a year in the struggle for relief. No amount ed to establish the united front. Never, more sharply than before. Their reac­ by patriots who hoped that the Commune peacefully so long as the Red Flag of ago. W ith no unemployment relief, save of brutal suppression can overcome the Their entire composition, their character tions toward the threat and their feel­ would renew the war with the Germans the proletariat waved over the Paris for the scant charity crumbs, the work- unemployment conditions. Yet the Ford as lackeys of the capitalist class, as ing for the need of working class unity and bring it to a successful conclusions. City Hall. When at last the organized massacre and the planned persecution of agents of the capitalists within the ranks are going to be much more profound in It was supported by the small shopkeep­ force of the Government had managed eis’ conditions have become ever more the Communist Party show how the capi­ of labor, makes such a step on their the future. The tactic of the united ers who were threatened with ruin un­ to defeat the poorly organized forces of desperate. Stark misery and starvation talist rulers aim to answer the work­ front will be on the order of the day less there was a postponement of pay­ the revolution, the Bonapartist generals part unthinkable. Yet, what all the ers’ demands. This only shows the need ments on debts and rent (the Govern­ who ¡had been beaten by the Germans workers really desired was a fighting more than ever. —SAM GORDON. of intensified efforts and better organi­ ment did not want to give them such a and who were brave only when fighting zation of the movement for the demands postponement but the Commune gave it). their defeated countrymen, these French Remember O ur Prisoners Rennenkampfs and Meller-Sakomelskys, of the unemployed. For this the respon­ Finally, it had, at first, the sympathy of One of the surest tests of the revolu­ organized such a slaughter as Paris had sibility rests primarily upon the Com­ the bourgeois republicans, who feared tionary qualities of a workers’ organi­ New York Marine Workers Go to Trial never known. About 30,000 Parisians munist Party. that the reactionary National Assembly zation is its attitude toward the working were killed by the fericious soldiery, The Detroit workers at the funeral de­ The three marine workers, who have bor, and a number of workers' organiza­ (the “backwoodsmen”, ignorant land­ class fighters in the prisons of the class about 45,000 were arrested and many monstration have given a militant ans­ been confined in Tombs jail since last tions, including the Communist League lords) would restore the monarchy. But enemy. Remembrance of the class war the chief role in this movement was of of these were afterwards executed, wer to the massacre and the threats of November in the New York “Dynamite of America, joined forces in the Marine prisoners must take a practical form- course played by the workers (especially thousands were imprisoned or exiled. In further persecution. That answer should Plot”, went to trial Monday in the court Workers’ Defense Committee to provide unceasing struggle for their liberation the artisans of Paris), among whom a ll, P a ris lo st about 100,000 o f its sons, be emulated elsewhere. There w ill be of General Sessions, Division 1. The their defense. On Saturday the defense and material provision for their prison Socialist propaganda had been energetic­ including the best workers of all trades. growing possibilities to swell the move­ first three days were consumed in the Committee issued a new appeal for the needs. ally carried on during the last years of The bourgeoisie were satisfied. “Now ment of protest. This will enhance the examination of prospective jurymen. As solidarity and support of the workers Comrade Morgenstern and Goodman opportunity to broaden the movement for the M ilita n t went to press, eleven jury­ on the eve of the trial and emphasized the Second Empire and many of whom we have finished with Socialism for a unemployment relief. men had been selected and the defense, the need of funds for the legal expenses. even belonged to the First International. long time,” said their leader, the blood­ have a special claim on us because they In regard to this we have emphasized All readers of the M ilita n t are urged to Only the workers remained loyal to thirsty dwarf, Thiers, after the blood­ are our own people who have been vic­ conducted by Peter L. F. Sabbatino and over and over again that nothing short respond to this appeal and to send funds the Commune to the end. The bourgeois bath which he and his generals had ar­ timized for their fight for our cause. Jacob Fishman, had exhausted nineteen of the correct application of the united to the Marine Workers’ Defense Commit­ republicans and the petty-bourgeoisie ranged for the proletariat of Paris. But Their claim on the members and sup­ of its twenty peremptory challenges. front tactic w ill suffice build a real move­ tee, 82 East Tenth Street, New York, soon broke away from it, the former these bourgeois crows cawed in vain. porters of the Communist League is all The prosecution concentrated its objec­ ment of the masses for unemployed re­ afraid of the revolutionary Socialist Six years after the suppression of the the stronger because they have been de­ tions, in the selection of the jury, on proletarian character of the movement, lief. Compelled by pressure of circum­ Commune, when many of its flghers were serted by the defense organizations main- all who had been connected with the and the others dropping out when they stances, the A. F. of L. union bureau­ Next W e e k ’s Forum still pining in prison or in exile, a new taind by the workers for the benefit of labor movement in any way or who were saw that it was doomed to inevitable cracy has given lip service to the idea workers’ movement rose in France. A all class war prisoners—the I. L. D. On Friday, March 25 at 8 P. M. com­ defeat. Only the French proletariat of federal unemployment relief. The readers of labor or liberal publications. new Socialist generation, enriched by Therefore, let us take care of our own! rade Cannon will speak at the N. Y. supported their Government fearlessly bureaucrats, fat and satisfied, do not The plan to put the dynamiting charges the experience of heir predecessors and The M ilita n t deems it a duty to open a open forum at the Labor Temple ion and «untiringly, they alone fought and mean it: but for the rank and file mem­ over on a wave of red baiting was in­ no whit discouragd by their defeat, pick­ prison relief fund for the benefit of our Marxist History and Bourgeois Criticism died for it, for the cause of the eman­ bership, it is a question of growing dicated in the detailed questioning of ed up the flag which had dropped from comrades. Our readers are requested —The History of the Russian Revolu­ cipation of the working class, for a bet­ vital importance. That contradiction the hands of the fighters of the Commune to send contributions to this fund c-o every one called for jury service as to lays the ground for a concrete united tion and Its Critics. The lecture will ter future for all toilers. and bore it boldly and confidently for­ The Mlltant, 84 East 10th St., New Y ork his acquaintance with or knowledge of front approach to the whole of the be an oral review of comrade Trotsky’s Deserted by their allies of yesterday ward, with cries o f: “Long live the soc­ City. Itemized reports of all receipts the various radical labor organizations work and reviews of it which have ap­ trade union movement. and supported by no one, the Commune ial revolution! Long live the Commune!” of this fund will be printed regularly or the individual members of the Marine peared in the press. was doomed to inevitable defeat. The And a few years after that, the new and the proceeds forwarded to the com­ Now, more than ever, the Communists Workers’ Defense Committee, which is workers’ party and the agitation raised entire bourgeoisie of France, all the rades in prison. have an opportunity to make that ap­ conducting the defense movement in be­ NOTETO OUR READERS by it throughout the country, compelled landlords, the stockbrokers, the factory proach. The right of workers to assem­ half of the prisoners. For technical reasons, we have been owners, all the great and small robbers, the ruling classes to release the impris­ Friday, March 18! ble in peaceful demonstralon, so brutally The defendants are members of the oned Communards, who were still in the forced to postpone the" final installment all the exploiters, combined against it. "THE GERMAN ELECTIONS” violated at Detroit, is one additional is­ Independent Tidewater Boatmen’s Un­ hands of the government. of Rakovsky’s article on the Five Year This bourgeois coalition, supported by Lecture by sue. It should be presented in the form ion. The charges against them have Bismarck (who released a hundred The memory of the fighters of the SAM GO R D O N of a definite united front proposal to the been exposed as a conspiracy against un­ Plan until next week. thousand French soldiers who had been Commune is not only honoured by the at the LABOR TEMPLE trade union movement ion organization in the New York har- —THE MILITANT. PAGE 2 lflE MILITANT SATURDAY, MARCH 19, 1932

■ ■ The Communists and the Agrarian Crisis LETTERS FROM THE MILITANTS -O------0 ------(Continued from last issue) ¿“rial city to which it is bound and from In America the problem of city and which American agriculture cannot es­ w ill not tolerate radicals in “his” union. cial Party, and criticized the policies of country has taken on new dimensions. cape, not retreat, not to mention the Drug Clerks Organize This antiquated mass of stupidity in hu­ Stalinist Flattery or the leadership. The 1930 census reports a 08,954,823 u r­ financial network that encompasses man form has spent over forty years of Marxist Education No attempt was made to center the ban population and a 53,820,223 ru ra l agriculture and ties it, binds it to the N E W Y O R K .— his life in the darkest corner of the charge on inactivity, as my activity in population. The majority are urban, the city. The present chaotic condition pre­ world, the back of a drugstore, which the branch will attest to the fact that overwhelming majority are proletarian In capitalist countries with feudal vailing in the pharmaceutical industry,, fully explains his idiotic appearance N E W Y O R K .— I have always volunteered for work and It is mildly entertaining to behold while, in the country where we seized carry-overs, with peasant economy still which is merely a photostatic copy of the and low cultural level. accepted a ll, the tasks assigned to me. Sam Don, the well-known “anti-war ex­ power first, the overwhelming majority lingering, we have a far more difficult existing chaos in the decaying capitalist Last spoke Collins of the A. F. of L. It is interesing to note that previous to pert” come out in the Dally Worker w ere peasants. K u ra l, in 'n o sense problem. Although at that level, capital structure as a whole, and the intense, This typical labor bureaucrat, in a typi­ the horrible discovery that I was a (Feb. 20, 1932) and say th a t “ The Five means farmers. For example of the has already shown itself to be master almost inhuman exploitation of the drug cal A. F. of L. dialogue, as he himself “counter-revolutionary, enemy of the Year Plan has demonstrated beyond a ru ra ls only 30,447,229 make up the fa rm of the house, it by no means has a free clerk by a degenerade middle class of in­ termed his manner of speech, harangued working class”, my activity and member- shadow of a doubt that Socialism can population. In other words the farm reign. The peasant economy weighs dependent drug shop retailers, by the the young recruits yet untainted by the ship had been considered wholly satisfac­ be built in one country”, a statement population is only 50% of the rural and heavy upon capital and its development, ever growing chain store magnates and A. F. of L. philosophy and manifesting tory. Comrade Hacker himself, person­ which corresponds only too well with but nevertheless, capital, and in turn the the rich independent -“cut-rate” paras­ a good fighting vitality, and urged them ally asked me to preside as chairman at only 24.8% of the total population. The the utterings of his comrade-in-arms, the bourgeois economist presents the problem proletarian class is the decisive force in ites, are threatening to reduce the stan­ to “hang on” and not to fight. the second Scottsboro Conference held the relationship of the class struggle. eminent Israel Amter, who only a week as though it is about 50-50 for town and dard of living of the drug clerks to the Here is one of his gems: “ Folks, times a few months ago at a large downtown What is true in these* backard sections, are bad. Now is not the time to fight. previous to that explained that same country, for “'farmers and city people” lowest level of existence—to that of the hall. Evidently, the stamp of “rene­ where the country can eke out an exist­ Hang on to your job. Don’t fight. Wait.” theory of Socialism in one country at and the average worker has accepted Chinese coolie. gade” had not yet materialized before ence even if the city goes to hell, but an Open Foru,m of the new “Water Front this trash. The farm population as The incurable cancer of capitalism— Immediately after the close of the his eyes. where in the city cannot continue with­ Section Of the C. P. U. S.” in the fo l­ ¿4.8% of the total population are by no unemployment—“has greatly augmented meeting, the more articulate element The chairman last night, a new mem­ out the country; is more so true, in de­ lowing way: means farmers. This means all persons the misery of the drug clerks and turned came up to the secretary and voiced ber of the cranch and, I think, a party veloped capitalist countries like America. “The average rank and file worker of two thousand licensed and junior pharm­ their disapproval with the president’s .member purposely assigned to the branch living on farms without regard to oc­ the Soviet Union knows more about the In fact, however, the problem is turned attitude toward radicals and the “don’t —since he does not live in our district— cupation. acists of this city into the streets: Some theory of Socialism in one country than around. The city needs the country and fight, wait” idea. . . . refused to permit me the final say. He Taking this 24.8% and seeing what of them have already taken their places Trotsky or Cannon, for neither of these has safe-guarded this need by a thou­ “We came here to do work, not to insisted on his formal right as chairman makes it up we find it is further nar­ on the breadlines. Others are still cling­ men has recently been there. Is it sur­ sand and one ties that bind the country wait”, the cry of one of the militants to be the last speaker. He emitted a long rowed by analysis. Under occupations, ing to the last line of defense, their sav­ prising that he should know more about to the city, but the country on the other resounded. harangue on Trotsky’s “menshevism” of gainfully employed, the census lists (1920 ings, which they were able to build up it than some expelled leaders who have hand cannot exist without the city,—not H ere we see a fa m ilia r scene, so fre ­ 1903, adding in c id e n ta lly th a t T ro tsky . figures—the 1930 figures not available, during the so-called “prosperity” period even attemped to study the theory? The in advanced America. Not on the pre­ quently enacted in the labor movement. from the time of the revoltion until 1923, are even more in our favor) as dairy thanks to the dreadfully long hours of rank and file' worker accepts nothing as sent mode of production. That is only The rank and file seething with revolt, had done good work, “when he was under farmers, farmers and stock raisers; work which made expenditures other possible by stepping back a stage or two ready to strike the enemy; the. leaders final until it has been given actual trial. the thumb of Lenin” (!) A long attack than the mere necessities—impossible. 6,201,261, and fo r d a iry fa rm , fa rm and and this is not an overnight step but one holding them back, telling them that the Trotsky rejects the theory without any on Trotsky, not permitting me to answer. stock, la b o re rs ; 3,041,627. T h is means which would follow a chaos, when nei­ The legendary professional status of hour has not yet struck and thus break­ effort to demonstrate it.” There Were seven comrades present. 6 million farmers and 4 million as agri­ ther capitalist nor proletarian rules. the pharmacist in our capitalist society ing their morale. Now, let us grant that the “average The vote was called for. The chairman, cultural workers. But of these 6 mil­ The vary connections of city and coun­ has acted as an emollient to his sore hu­ Upon the revolutionary drug clerk de­ rank andd file worker of the Soviet Un­ organizer, and Labor Defender agent lion farmers we find (1920 figures) tries under developed capitalism, gives man pride and lulled in him the rebel­ volves a great task and great responsib­ ion” knows more about the interior of immediately responded. One young com­ 2,454,804 as tenant farm ers, 1,461,306 as the American proletariat the advantage lion against the degrading conditions un- ility. He must, in the words of Lenin, the new “Palace of Soviets” than Trot­ rade who works for the district and is m ortgaged farm ers and 2,074,325 as of the problem of revolution once this dei; which he is workng. The sharpen­ “brave all difficulties, attacks, insults sky or Gannon. But, does an average also a new member of our branch, also farmers owing their farms. However, I is concretely put on the agenda for the ing and protraction of the present crisis and persecutions at the hands of the rank and file member of the U. S. party voted for my expulsion—because he con­ am sure the 1930 figures, when publish­ seizure of power. The very relation' of has dealt a shattering blow to his leg­ leaders” to gain an opportunity to come know more about it than Trotsky or sidered Trotsky an enemy of the work­ ed, w ill show even less farm owners forces with the overwhelming majority endary status and made him realize his forward with a clear program of action Cannon? Or does an average rank and of the population being proletarian and true status, tha of the wage earner, sub­ which, we believe, w ill cause a differen­ ing class, although he admitted he had today. file worker of the U. S. party know the “farmers” divided into agrarian ject to all the laws governing wage labor never read a single document of the Op­ The big agricultural population in the tiation in the ranks and in this manner more about the revolutionary movement workers, tenant farmer, mortgaged farm­ under this decaying capitalist system. position ! When I explained to him that last analysis boils down considerably, render the formation of a strong Left in America than Trotsky or Cannon? er and capitalist farmer, with a section The drug clerk has arisen and begun it was the epolicy of the I. L. D. to per­ and the farmer as an ally does not lose wing possible. And what is there to indicate that an of the owner-farmer as allies, makes to move. He is-moving in the direction — I. D. mit workers of any organization to enter any of his significance but he does lose average member of the U. S. party the problem different and in our favor. of the trade union front. the I, L. I), and work for it, he ap­ much of his specific weight for America. knows more about the theory of Social­ The Farmer-Labor Party is reaction­ His vanguard, leaderless, without ex­ peared puzzled, but voted for the expul­ The farm population as 24% of the to- ism in one country than Trotsky or ary and w ill only lead the proletariat perience and program, but in excellent The Dress Strike in Boston sion, nevertheless. My vote “was the al (1920) is composed of about 40% Cannon? After all, the Sam Dons and into the swamp of opportunism, this only recorded against, the two remain­ agricultural workers, 25% tenant farm­ fighting morale, has been intercepted by the Ainteres must admit that he U. S. even Centrism understands now after the A. F. of L. bureucracy and has de­ BOSTON.— ing comrades were for abstaining, admit­ ers, 15% mortgaged farmers and 20% p a rty member generally has n o t seen the years of blunders; but the idea of a finitely landed in the right flank of the ting that they were not acquainted with farm owners. This does not settle the The cloakmakers under the leadership Soviet Union and has not lived in a Soc­ ‘(Workers and Farmers Government” and labor camp. the questions—but decided to vote for problem and does not prove that the of the “United Front Committee” went ialist commonwealth so that he can be the slogan for it that Centrism still the expulsion provided that it was to majority are revolutionary.* One knows On March 8, the Drug Clerks’ Union back to work already in some cases un­ said to have any special fam iliarity with peddles, is just as reactionary, and can come to the District Committee and that the majority of the American industrial Was officially christened by Mr. Collins, der somewhat improved conditions. The the nature, the problems and the dif­ lead to nothing but national reformism. I would be given a chance to appear. workers are not revolutionary. How .national officer of the A. F. of L. and cloa’.f akers under the leadership of the ficulties of such a commodity. The theory The agrarian workers must be won as Comrade Tschinder, Labor Defender ever, once we obtain a proper perspec­ chartered as the Drug Clerks’ Union of International went back to work with no of Socialism in one country is to the workers, the middle and poor farmers agent, assured the comrades that I would tive it shows the jelation of the workers G reater New Y ork, Local 581 o f the Re­ wage cut. average worker only an idea, in the as allies according to the form of the be giviit a chance to appear. I hold him and farmers in the coming revolution. tail Clerks International Protective As­ Wages were cut pleny in the past two U. S. or elsewhere—and certainly, lead­ problem. Negro and white, share crop­ to his word, as he is a member of the This block of agricultural workers on sociation. years. Thff International did not make ers who have given their lives to the per, contract farmer, dirt farmer, etc., Section Executive Committee, and am cattle raising and dairy farms are not A brief acdount of the installation an effort to get anything back. Now an study of scientific socialism are far more and the capitalist farmer should not only afraid that his confidence in the meeting w ill sufficiently describe the agreement is being made for the dress­ capable of judging these ideas than the approached as farmers, but are won as bother us. The agrarian crisis w ill not “workers’ democracy” of Hacker and condition’ of this new-born babe. makers with no improved working con­ glorified “average” worker. Amter’s workers. They are not allies, they let up, even though there w ill be ebbs company w ill not be substained. The meeting was opened by Mr. Fein- ditions. queer logic, to put it in another way, are ours as a Class. The varied form s and flows, its basic effects w ill not be I was accused of being the cause of of cropper dirt farmer and tenant fam- stone, president of the union, who intro­ The desire for urytv among the work­ is equivilant to saying that because the remedied through agrarian reforms. For the failure of the branch to grow. Any er which make up the poor and middle duced Dr. Linville, president of the ers was great. When we came on the janitor of the Dally. Worker building is the capitalist system, the remedy is comrade who is acquainted with the Teachers’ Union. Dr. Linville spoke at picket line it was one united mass pic­ more familiar with that structure than, farmer are our allies. As for the own­ greater concentration and pulling agri­ Yorkville English Branch knows that the great length of the trade union move­ ket line. The bitterness the workers let us say, Earl Browder, who appears to ers, yes even some of them w ill make culture more into the orbit of capitalist reason for the failure to grow has been ment, but as befits a president 1>f an A. felt to each other for the past two or spend most of his time dining with Kuo good allies. As for the capitalist farm­ production, putting agriculture more on the lack of consistent, regular activit­ three years on account of the divided Min Tang generals and otherwise rev­ er—they are not allies, they are enemies the basis of an industry of capitalism— F. of L. local, he distorted the revolu­ ies. I fought, continually for a system­ tionary concept of trade unionism and re­ struggles disappeared ¡from their faces. olutionizing the Far East, he knows and will be treated as such. ,We will but this lets loose dynamite, which has atic plan of meetings, house to Jiouse duced it to the ideological level of his Right wing workers and Left wing work­ more about the American revolutionary waste no time in winning them over. its most deadly explosive effects not in canvassing, educational lectures, distri­ class, namely the middle class. He fin­ ers walked arm in arm, discussed plans movement than the latter. . . . Our allies lie in the percentage between the country but in the city. For the bution o f Labor Defenders before unions, ished his oration wishing them success of taking down shops and other plans. Again, Amter suggested that a rank ■the agrarian workers and the capitalist agrarian worker and our allies, the poor open air meetings, etc. I myself held and rightly pointed out the need of a Every one looked brighter, had a smile and file worker in the Soviet Union has farmers. These must be won. Their re­ and middle farmers, the remedy Is noth­ several open air meetings alone when program, which he, of course, hoped that on their face. The International was studied the theory of Socialism in one] lation to the workers in the problem of ing short of theProIetarian Revolution the district failed to supply speakers. I the leaders of the union, with the advice desperate to see such frie n d sh ip among country and has learned a great deal| the American revolution is the most “in­ and the establishment of the dirtatorship was suddenly thrown off the list of of the national office, will be able to the workers and looked for ways and more about its correctness than “some significant” any proletariat in any ad­ of the proletariat. This is the means of speakers, and since that time we never form ulate. means to divide them. When the police vanced country has to contend with, transforming of the negative base of the expelled leaders who never attempted held them regularly. I advanced a plan captain complained to Philip Kramer, maybe with the exception of England. agriculture industry into an industry of Next spoke president Feinstone, whose to study it”. We are not old, however, for regular educational meetings every the International business agent who In the Russian revolution, the minority, the socialist mode of production, com­ physiognomy is a true reflection of his how the average rank and filer knows other week: it was accepted—I carried came on the picket line with the police the proletariat, was the decisive force pleting Ihe cycle agriculture has passed intellect and vice versa. He delivered a the correctness of this theory—nor how out my share of the work. In all activ­ captain, about too many pickets, he said, over the overwhelming majority of pea­ through—and opening the door to a new “speech” of about twenty to thirty the expelled leaders could attempt to ities, I can say that I did all required “What can I do? They are from the santry. In America? a revolution which positive cycle of its development. words, nine tenths of which he devoted know it, save by comparing the assump­ of any member of the organization. United Front” and promised that the will release the energies of the Amer­ —HUGO OEHLER. to impress upon the members that he tion of the theory in question and the These things I state, not to gain reward next day there w ill be a distinction be­ ican proletariat, who stand as the vast fundamental principles of revolutionary for, but to outline for the comrades the tween our pickets and his pickets. majority w ill call forth proletarian en­ internationalism, scientifically. The dif­ only way that I see to build the branch. The next morning they wanted to put ergy unknown in the past. ference is that the “average rank and If they plan their work thus, the branch arm bands with the A. F. of L. initials America has developed its wheat belt, file party member” simply believe in a will grow—if not, it will remain stag­ O ur Subscription Drive on the arms of the International work­ corn belt, cotton belt and has its agri­ Stalinist theory without much effort at nant as before. ers, but to their great disappointment cultural states and its industrial states, critical thought, while the “expelled the workers refused to wear the bands The decision of expulsion is pending but as its stands today, it is of no value After a long and hard struggle The Newsstands and bookstores which w ill leaders”—who have given much thought and be divided. “Unity”, Yes, unity! before the District Executive Commit­ for analysis of class forces in the rev- _ M ilita n t became a weekly. The appar­ c a rry The Militant must be found. They to the question—have discovered the The desire to be united is felt by all tee. The policy of the 1. L. D. is to ad­ olution. The line of demarcation be­ atus of its production, so to speak, has exist. The terms are liberal. The M ili­ fallacy of national Socialism inherent the workers. You can see i t in th e ir mit all workers into its ranks, .so long tween industrial and agricultural stateg been built up atep by step by much sacri­ ta n t gives credit for each unsold copy. in it. eyes. W hy didn’t they come to the meet­ as they carry on the work of the or­ is of little value, because the most im­ fice. Now it Is necessary to build on a All that the stand keeper has to do is Not long ago, an “average type” got ing of the Left wing? We called them, ganization .under its discipline. I claim portant industrial states are also the firm foundation its distribution appar­ clip the date line of each unsold S>py up in our Open Forum and sprung a we agitated them, we had conferences. that I have provedthat I have done so most important agricultural producers, atus. and sent it in for credit. The profit to surprise by saying—quite innocently— Very few came. Those who have no jobs and can continue to do go. The only too. Agricultural states as such, only During the epriod of the present drive, the dealer on each copy is 2c. The pa­ that the Communist International—if charge is “Trotskyism”, which is no and are not afraid to lose them are dis­ have a meaning when the problem is con­ March 1st to June 1st, this effort should per appears regularly. The posters we translated into plain American langu­ valid charge according to the ruling of gusted with the International. Just as fined within the states, and we show take an intensive form. First of all we have prepared should help to sell the age, would mean—the Russian Patriotic the I. L. 1). Itself. I sincerely hope the many workers are. The others did not that the products from agriculture are must get new subs. Friends and sym­ paper from the stand. Society! We corrected him at that time District Executive will reverse the ob­ come, they were afraid of losing their of greater value than the products from pathizers must be canvassed. Where- by explaining clearly that this is not A second and auxiliary .method of in­ jobs. What was left for the Indus­ viously unfounded expulsion of myself industry, etc. But when one compares ever possible whole days should be set creasing the circulation is the mass dis­ the case. B u t we do feel a little b it from the Yorkville English Branch of trial Union to do to get these workers? the amount and value of the products aside for the carrying out of this task. tribution of free copies at workers’ meet­ uncomfortable to have him come around the I. L. D. We should have called the International from agriculture with the agricultural This drive for new subs must be geared ings, demonstrations, on the street, where and put. up such embarassing questions leaders as well as the workers to unite —HERBERT CAPELI.S products of the leading industrial states, to a high pitch. I t m ust be Sustainedd ever workers can be reached. We have again. on the basis of one united strike with one finds that the industrial states in at that pitch for the duration of the on hand a riumber of recent back issues. If Trotsky and Cannon have never one set of demands. ■many cases are more productive in drive. There are all stamped "sample copy”. tried to demonstrate the theory of Soc­ ATTENTION, GREEK WORKERS This should have been done at least agricultural products than 'the agricul­ The literature premium announced in Upon request for them, we will mail ialism in one country—and we must give In New York City two daily Greek a couple of months before the strike. tural states, arid where there is a close recent issues should be utilized to their them free of charge. They are for dis­ them credit for never having been so bourgeois newspapers are published, the So the workers of the- International margin the industrial states make a good full value. We give them again. For tribution. In ordering such bundles it foolish—that is because they have “National Herald” which supports the would have had time to demand of their showing for themselves. New Yorlt the period of the drive we w ill give with is necessary Royalist party of Greece and lately I feel quite sure the International also states producing more foodstuffs sky’s the Permanent Revolution: w ith we can pick out appropriate issues. The olutionary developments and because takes a pseudo-labor attitude. leaders would refuse such unity. Then than the majority of the so-called agri­ each half year $1.00 sub (26 issues) a number ordered should be limited to they are not the least inclined to mumble we would be able to tell the workers The "Empros” undertook a one sided cultural states. copy of the Strategy of the World Rev­ what can actually be distributed. nonsense. I do not suppose that any of struggle against the National Herald with each trial 50c sub (13 is­ and thev would see it clearly themselves, the leaders of the Left Opposition has The fndustrial centers where the pro­ olution; These free distributions should be overlooking any kind of attack against sues) any one of our 10c pamphlets. that their leaders are not interested in ever carried a horse-shoe to bring him letariat, the decisive force of revolution, followed by up by sales of the current the “Atlantis” which is more dangerous This premium applies to renewals as unity and we could expose them to the luck, but th e ir commen sense has made resides, also has in its immediate vic­ issues of The Militant. If this is done because it appears with the cloak of inity the production of the food supply well as the new subs, During the per­ root. it unnecessary for them to support such systematically thq sale of The Militant Now the strike is at an end. The liberalism and therefore the “ Commun- of first importance for short periods. It iod of the drive comrades may offer a foolishness. One glance at Don’s and can be increased. It is our experience workers are coming back to work with istis” our Greek organ attacked this cri­ is not an easy matter to bottle up a combined $2.00 ra te fo r a year’s sub­ Amter’s logic is enough to show it is that such free distributions of old cop­ no retrieval of the slashed wages, no im­ minal neglect of the Greek Stalinism proletariat in an industrial center if scription to The Militant and Young not worth trying. vigorously. ies on issues which interest workers do provements, and the International had power is in their hands, with all the Spartacus. There is no literature prem­ —PAUL SCHWALBE. not diminish the sale of current issues a hard time to get an agreement alto­ avenues of modern transportation to ium with combined subs. In the next issue of The Militant the o f H ie M ilita n t, but on the contrary in­ gether because bosses are interested Greek Bureau will write extensively nearby food supplies. The agricultural At the same time we are getting new crease it. We have no doubt that this in signing agreements only on two oc­ Another Expulsion upon this serious question which requires worker w ill do his share and the poor subs we must see to the renewal of ex­ w ill continue to be the case. casions: when they are forced by the a correct and thorough discussion for and middle farmer must be won over. pired and expiring subs, or the gains A ll of this acivity should be conducted unity of the workers and when they can from the I. L. D. the enlightment not only of the Greek The tremendous grain elevators, meat of new subs, w ill be offset by the losses with the aim of crystalling a permanent get something from the union. speaking Communists but of all Com­ and food storage plants for the products of these old ones. In the execution of distribution apparatus. It is not enough Two years ago, the International got On Thursday, March 10th, I was for­ munists as well. of the country are controlled by the this task the national center is co-op­ to p rin t The Militant. IT MUST BE agreements by just calling a. stoppage mally expelled from the Yorkville Eng­ city and who controles the city controls erating by systematic notification of the CIRCULATED. What we want is a staff and giving the bosses all the concessions lish Branch of the I. L. D. The main this supply- American capitalism does subscriber. If these notices are acted S T . LOUIS WORKERS, o f Militant builders. Beginning with for the privilege to collect dues. This charge was that I was a “Trotskyist” ; not worry about peasant economy hold­ on promptly, the solution of the problem ATTENTION! the next issue we will give a standing year there was not much to be given as and therefore my criticism of the so- ing back on it as do some other capi­ w ill be fairly easy. of subscription getters and continue it the bosses took everything anyway. Na­ called “united front from below” policy At a recent Left Opposition forum talist nations with carry overs of na­ At the present time the results in new from week to week. We will do the turally, the shops that were called out of the I. L. D. was incompatible with meeting two members of the official Com­ tural economy where the rural popula­ and renewed subs are: New York—11; same with new bundle orders, and re­ by the united front and the Industrial membership any longer. munist Party during the discussion ac­ tion can hold without the city. The ma­ Minneapolis—2; Chicago—1; St. Loujs— newals. Union could not get much either because In opening the attack, the organizer cepted a challenge to debate the P la t­ chine development and its use on Am­ 1; Miscellaneous—10. Tha increase in For a larger M ilita n t circulation! Get they control only a small minority and of the branch went to some length to form of the Left Opposition. The de­ erican farms in a lesser or greater de­ bundle orders stands at one in Chicago subs fo r The Militant! Get renewals of those that went back did not get as much state my “disruptive” activities; i. e., I bate will take place Friday evening, gree forces the agricultural economy to as reported in the last issue. expired subs! Get newsstand and book­ are still out on strike I can not say had committed the audacious crime of March 25. at the Public Library, 14th rest upon the industrial city. The' Another important method of raising store bundle orders! Crystallize a staff now. What they w ill get when they go speaking with members of the branch St., and Cass Ave. methods of farming, storing, transporta­ the circulation of The Militant and build- o f M ilita n t builders.! Every comrade’s back, we w ill report later. about the differences between the Left For the Left Opposition: John Scott capitalist ing up its distribution is the expansion tion, selling, etc., all bring and symapthlzer’s shoulder to the w heel! — J. C. Opposition and the leadership of the offi­ F o r the Communist P a rty : ? agricultural relations under the indus-and extension of "mass” distribution. SATURDAY, MARCH 19, 1932 THE MILITANT PAGE 3 IN THE INTERNATIONAL OF LABOR Reviews and News of the Working Class and Revolutionary Movements

lages from which they came, arms con­ cealed, unidentifiable, awaiting their next opportunity. A Shanghai View on Chinese Events Realizing the .impossibility of tracing The German Opposition these annoying challengers of their ------♦------might, and seriously perturbed by the losses in men and guns, the Japanese SHANGHAI, CHINA tirely given over to the transportation three of the principal ports through which m ilitary command in Mukden have been at W o rk of Japanese troops and military sup­ Manchuria’s import trade flows, via: Dai­ F ebruary 1C, 1932 considering punitive expeditions into plies. Within a fortnight, the Japanese ren, Antung and Yinkow, goods of Jap­ W hile the p rin c ip a l scene of Japanese the villages that flank the railway. It headquarters at Mukden announced the anese origin are permitted to enter at military activities in China has shifted, was proposed that in the village closest “independence” of the section and re­ Teduced ta riff rates, in some cases duty This is the first of a series of arti­ German Opposition objectively, its past at least temporarly, from Manchuria to to the scene of the raid by a partisan development must be taken into consi­ named it the Shenyang- Shankaikwan free, while other foreign goods pay the cles on the current activtiies of the Shanghai, Manchuria remains the focus­ band one adult male out of every ten Railway, at the same time guaranteeing officially levied duties. With the ex­ German Left Opposition.—Ed. deration. The complete bankruptcy of ing point of Japan’s colonial ambitions should be taken out and shot as an ex­ the interest due British bondholders. tension of Japanese control throughout the Maslov-Ruth-Fischer Opposition on the Asiatic mainland. ample of others, and that this measure BERLIN.— W ith this important railway line under Manchuria it can be expected that this greatly compromised the ideas of the should be repeated after each raid. So The tremendous sharpening of class The current happenings in Shanghai, their control, together with all branch system of preference, which is carried Left in the C. I’. G. The i>olicy conduct­ far there have been no reports that such conflicts in Germany, the dictatorship where major Japanese naval and m ili­ and feeder lines, and now, lately, the out sub rosa, w ill likewise be extended ed by Urbahns contributed its share to action has been instituted, although par­ policy of the Bruening government, the tary forces are endeavoring to defeat partial seizure of the Chinese Eastern to all Manchurian ports of entry, to the the estrangement of the Left Opposition tisan activities increasingly harrass the Fascist danger on the one hand, the the Chinese 19th Route Army and oust ultimate severe handicapping of trade of from the cadres of the party. The, in­ Railway, jointly owned and operated by Japanese forces and hinder the consoli­ treacherous policy of the social dem­ it from Chapei, can be understood only Japan’s commercial rivals. This is but trigues of Landau contributed the rest China and Soviet China with the dis­ dation of their initial conquest. Were ocracy on the other, and finally, the false in relation to the immediate pre-eminent one example of Manchuria’s gradually and only helped to make the Left Op­ banding of all Chinese administrative such action taken it would only have the policy and helplessness of the C. 1’. G. political aim of Japanese imperalsm, closing door. The preference enjoyed by position ridiculous in the eyes of the organs which made the slightest show effect of strengthening and intensifying have produced a powerful process of fer­ whch is to expand its colonial possess­ Japanese products is at present surrepti- best sections of the German working of opposition and their replacement by the spontaneous opposition it would aim mentation within the best sections of ions by the annexation of Manchuria and ous, but the exigencies of the economic class. It was upon such premises that puppet governments; with all activities, the C. P. G. and in the ranks o f the meanwhile, as a first step, to secure 1 crisis, which demands ever new trade to crush. the Left Opposition had to resume its governmental and economic, supervised proletariat as a whole. This process treaty recognition of the position it has outlets, w ill compel, ultimately, the offi­ The growth of the partisan movement work in Germany. And in this work, and controlled by the paid servants of finds its partial expression in a search taken there. Japanese imperialism hopes, cial and formal sealing of a door which in M anchuria has had repercussios..-: in it must be remembered, it was faced with Japanese imperialism: with all opposi­ for a correct line of struggle. The call by a display of its naval and military Korea, Where the movement for indepen­ a struggle not only against the strong­ tion stifled by m ilitary terror, what more today stands only slightly ajar. for a united front of the entire prole­ might, and by wreaking havoc and de­ dence has been visibly stimulated. The est Stalinist party in Western Europe, is required to complete the picture of The second difficulty encountered one tarian class in a defense against Fasc­ struction to terrorize the yellow politic­ Korean people have never been persuad­ but against the strongest Right wing Manchuria as Japan’s newest colonial which grows constantly, is the opposi­ ism is the strongest factor in the Ger­ ians and militarists of Nanking (now ed of the benvolence of Japanese imper­ group in the world, the Rrandler group, possession? It is needless to add that tion o f the people over whom i t seeks man labor movement today. Loyang) into signing such a treaty. ialism, less so today than ever with the as well. the Japanese drive against Chinchow to become the overlord. Betrayed and fresh example of Manchuria before The Communist party remains impot­ The political and m ilitary spokesmen and points further west was accompanied Political and Organizational Activity deserted by the armies paid (ostensibly them. At the same time the Japanese ent in this situation. The present lead­ of imperial Nippon have declared ad by those acts of wanton destruction and at any rate) to defend them, the peoples ership of the party actually declines, by The German Opposition has taken a nauseam, their intention to respect brutality that are customarily associated workers at home are voicing strong op­ of Manchuria have been seemingly slow position .to their masters’ doings in Man­ its false policy, to take into account the position on the most important j)Olitical China’s territorial and administrative with wars of colonial subjugation. Rail­ in developing opposition to the foreign events in so far as it lay within the churia, and numerous huge protest de­ most important factor, the <’esi v of the integrity, guaranteed by the Nine-Power way stations at places where positively imperialist invaders. In early January, realm of its ability. Before the Refer­ monstrations have been held in leading proletarian class for a united front. The Treaty, and to maintain the policy of no resistance was encountered by the endum in Prussia, it took a unequivocal however, the first substantial signs of cities. 0. P. G. has succeeded, to be sure, in ra l­ the "open door” in Manchuria. A month Japanese troops were wantonly wrecked, an eneretic partisan movement showed lying large masses about it, but it has position against the “Red” Referendum All these movements bid fair to hind­ of journeying through the three Eastern and such members of the station staff themselves. The remnants of the dis­ not succeeded in breaking down the de­ of the Communist party (carried on in er, possibly defeat, the realization of pravinces has satisfied the writer—as it as remained at their posts were brutal­ banded Chinese soldiery, mostly of pea­ cisive influence of the S. P. G. in the common with the Fascists) in its paper, Japan’s colonial ambitions, and all the would all others with sound eyes and ly beaten up, in some instances seriously sant origin, discarded their uniforms and factories, in the trade -unions and in the the Permanente Revolution. In its Open scorpions of repression w ill be released ears—that Manchuria has virtually ceased maimed and even killed. merged themselves with their compatr­ proletarian mass organizations. Thanks Letter to the party it posed, on the basis to be a part of China, and that the pol­ to subdue them. In their triumphant invasion of Man­ iots in the villages to escape detection to the false policy of the party leader­ of an analysis of the situation in Ger­ icy of the “open door” scarcely con­ churia, the Japanese imperialists have by Japanese troops intent on their ex­ To counteract the growing opposition ship a centrist party, the Socialist La­ many, the question of the united front tinues to exist except in the utterances not had things entirely their own way. termination as “hunghudze” (bandits). of the United Staes, Japan w ill seek to bor Party, has been able to raise its as the central political problem of the of Japanese diplomats at Geneva, Wash­ First, they have been obliged to take Forming themselves into small, mobile embroil the Soviet Union in war, assured head. For the moment, the prospect of C. P. G. Finally, the Left Opposition ington and elsewhere. that this will draw to her side all the some steps to allay the “misgivings” of bands, reinforced by members of the a change in the line of the garty is ra­ took a position toward the new centrist Quite aside from the actual evidence, imperialist powers, including the United their imperialist rivals, notably the Uni­ village poor, they swooped down on Jap­ ther slim (“Social Fascism must first be party, the Socialist Labor Party, in the however, only a dullard could ever have ted States, a task which, in the nature anese outposts under cover of darkness, States. It is plain that the continued defeated if Fascism is to be vanquish­ form of theses. Within this party, which imagined that the m ilitary campaigns of “misgivings” of the State Department ed” .) of the case, called for not a little in­ engaged the defenders in sharp battle, is centristic in its policy, there are many the Japanese in Manchuria were under­ genuity. In this field, since no other w ill shortly find expression in more con­ often annihilating them completely, and What did the' LO’t Opposition do in youths who have placed themselves on taken in any other interests than those crete form than diplomatic notes of course was apparently open, they have then retreated into the night richer in this situation? Do the German com­ of Japanese imperialism. Has British protest. Not for much longer will Jap­ the ground of Communism. They reject confined themselves to hypocritical den­ arms and ammunition. In this way tre­ rades know how to intervene in the ev­ imperialism ever shared the spoils of its an’s hollow declarations concerning her entrance in to the C. P. G. on account ials of any intenion to annex Manchuria mendous losses were sustained by the ents, despite their Aumerical weakness? colonial wars with its trade rivals? aims in Manchuria satisfy her powerful of its false policy. At the plenum of the and to renewed pledges to maintain Japanese forces, especially those guard­ In order to evaluate the work of the Have the imperialists of France, of the National Committee, a resolution “On there, the “open door”. The factual ans­ ing small stations on the railway line riv a l. United States, of Italy, of Spain ever the Situation” was adopted. wer to the first has already been given between Mukden and Chineliow. Japan­ The final word, however, w ill rest with done so? Has Japan done it in the case above. Manchuria has been annexed ese reinforcem ents w ould endeavor to the revolutionary masses of the Far East, Dunne has his competitors, not very Lately, the political influence of the of Korea? What basis exists, then, for de facto if not de ju re . locate and round up the raiders as soon in alliance with the workers of the Sov­ menacing once, but at least just as an­ Left Opposition has grown appreciably supposing that Manchuria w ill prove an As to the maintenance of the “open [ as it got light, but by then they had iet Union and of the whole world. xious and willing. In the new-born (or in Germany. The entire press, and es­ exception to the general rule? None pecially the central organ of the Com­ idoor” it is commonly known that at I melted away into the neighboring vil- — C. F R A N K GLASS. still-born?) Workers Age of March 5, w hatever. 1932, another T ro ts k y -k illin g knigiht munist party, Die Rote Faline, is forced Since September 18, when the troops sallies forth with a wooden sword, Her­ to take a position toward the policy of the Left Opposition. The campaign of the Japanese garrison at Kwantung bert Zam. The Lovestoneites, after the against comrade Trotsky is carried on in marched out of the South Manchuria «Stalin and His Creatures» — The New Anti-Trotsky Campaign collapse of their attempt to argue us out full swing. Railway zone and occupied Mukden and of existence with blackjacks, burglars a visa to Trotsky. We have no doubt other strategic points, the war of con­ T he D a lly ’W orker of March 1 presents What is the content (by your leave) and daggers, have retired to the “ideo­ Still, it must be emphasized that the that the Soviet ambassadors and the quest, practically unresisted, has pro­ us with a new candidate for the profit­ of Dunne’s abuse? Trotsky is “counter logical front”. After their representa­ organic growth of the Opposition does creatures of Stalin in England, Germany ceeded steadily. Fresh troops and muni­ able honor of flinging mud at Trotsky. revolution’s outpost in Prinkipo”. The tives in the Comintern and here voted not at all measure up to this political and elsewhere, did the same thing when tions have poured into Manchuria as re­ This time it is “B ill” Dunne who seeks “precise moment when the Soviet Union with every available limb to expel Trot­ influence. That is due, in large part, the proposal came up there for a Trot­ quired. With the taking of Harbin, Jap­ to climb out of a recent obscurity on is faced with the sharpest offensive in sky from the party and to exile him to the immense objective difficulties, and sky visa. As is known, the social dem­ anese control of Manchuria is practically a mudpile of his own heaping. What­ the present drive of world imperialism”, to Alma-Ata, and plumbed the lowest in part also to the subjective difficulties: ocratic governments of England and Ger­ complete, for the retaking of strategic ever one may think of the suitability is chosen by Trotsky “to place himself ■depths of disloyalty and baseness to be­ the material poverty of the organization many, like the reactionary governments points in Heilungkiang province can be of the candidate, one cannot deny him a with added venom in the imperialist smirch and calumniate the great rev­ in relationship to the necessary work; a of France and Belgium, and the repub­ certain eagerness to earn his spurs no camp”. And, adds Dunne, for whom olutionist, they now find, with an indig­ hard-felt luck of forces and others. accomplished at any time. General Ma lican-socialist coalition of Spain, all ac­ matter how deeply he must sink to find no secret is inviolate and nothing is nation surpassing Dunne’s, that “it is The first few months after the eli­ Chan-s'han, erstwhile Chinese national comodated Stalin and refused a visa. them. obscure, “it is no mere coincidence' an act of shameful factional vengeance” mination of Landau and his meagre fol­ hero, has been bargaining with the Jap­ Why should Czecho-Slovakia prove to be that France’s puppet government of for Stalin . . . to deprive Trotsky of his lowing were occupied with a tightening anese military at his headquarters in This is not the first time Dunne has less amenable to Stalin’s request? Where Czecho-Slovakia “grants Trotsky permis citizenship! Like the righteous burgh­ of the organization and with the resump­ Hailuri for some two months or more, joined in the "final” burial of “Trotsky­ is Smeral? He is no novice at negofiat and is now reported to have apologized ism”. When we were first expelled from sion for a three-months’ stay at the very er in the melodrama, they cry out to tion of regular activities by the various moment he is preparing his counter-rev ing with bourgeois governments on a the villain: “You have shot my son. You local groups. That was a period of in­ to his former opponents for obstructing the American party, Dunne hastened to friendly—Oh, on a most friendly—basis. them at the Nonni River, He is clearly cable from Moscow a stateman-like olutionary statement”. But here, we re­ have raped my daughter. You have ternal consolidation for the organization. There finally remains to attempt an ready to strike a bargain on what he protest against our alleged "use of his gret to report, Dunne’s courage fails shamed any spouse. You ihave stolen my The next step was the formation of ac­ explanation of Dunne’s terrific howling. may consider favorable terms. name", apparently under the flattering him. If not his courage, then his inven­ household goods. You have burned down tive cadres, the winning over of new Nobody would conceivably make such the roof over my head. But have a care, illusion that the “use” of his name would tive imagination. Why does he not con­ members and the reconstruction of our When I arrived at Shankaikuan, the a deafening noise, even in so “noble” a Sir Marmalade, some day you shall go be profitable to anybody. Now, laboring clude boldly that Trotsky is preparing faction inside the party. In this field, evacuation of Chang Hsueh-liang’s arm­ to lead against the Soviet Union the cause, if there were not some other sound too f a r ! ” the Berlin organization, despite its re­ under the same illusion, Dunne appears ies from Manchuria had been completed. same imperialist troops of Czecho-Slova­ that had to be drowned out. For ex­ B u t this editorial comment is only put lative weakness has been able to register to believe that if he adds his little share Forty-five trainloads of his troops had kia whom he was driving out of Russia ample, it is because of his past “noises” in to make Zarn’s revelations about good progress. The membership figures passed within the Great W all during the of abuse and calumny to the mountains at the head of the Red Army at about that Radek now shouts so lustily against “Trotsky and the Far East Crisis” more rose and in several districts party fac­ preceding three or four days, without of filth reared by his equally willing col­ the same time that Dunne was publish­ Trotsky. Or, if you want another ex palatable. But it does not help one to tions were created. Despite the enor­ firing a single shot at the Japanese in­ leagues, Trotsky and the whole Opposi­ ing Robert Minor’s counter-revolutionary ample, Engdahl’s or Bedacht’s clamor digest Zam’s re-warmed chopped straw, mously difficult objective conditions, the vaders. Thus was completed another tion w ill collapse under the strain, to anarchist drivel about how Lenin and against Lovestone. As even the uniniti­ and we w ill not attempt, to offer any ot group went ahead with the preparation chapter in the record of shameful capi­ be “deserted by the honest workers still Trotsky were cruelly and despotically ated w ill suspect, the rule holds good in it to our readers. The “three serious of open discussion meetings, at which tulation of the Nanking government and] new members were enrolled. Numerous among its crew”, those honest, but ap­ strangling the “genuine Russian revolu­ the present case too. In 1920, Dunne errors of comrade (Ahem! Comrade!) its miserable Manchurian ally. The Jap-] tion” of Minor’s petty bourgeois friends speakers were sent out to represent our parently stupid and "misled” workers for wrote back to the United States from Trotsky” are three feeble straw men anese forces, having taken Chinchow, in Moscow? Only in this manner, we one of his periodic trips to Moscow, and organization at various discussion meet­ whom every Stalinist functionary sheds laboriously fabricated by Zam and trium­ were advancing rapidly westward. It submit, would the article be properly was foolish enough to express himself phantly cut down at one blow. In this ings. tears of commiseration. remained for them to ride triumphantly rounded off. plainly on the internal Russian party Zam is only following the established The Saxon and Hamburg groups have into Shankaikuan on the iron road of What is the occasion for this new out­ We have another mild criticism to conflict. Our readers w ill remember the tradition of his kidney. It will be re­ likewise carried on good propagandistic the Peiping-Mukden .Railway to round burst which “proves” that Trotsky "has make of Dunne’s article. He grows in­ period just Jattyr Staliji’s break with called how Zam’s elderly colleague wrote activity, especially of late. There too, out what has proved to be, initially, the finally joined” the counter-revolution? dignant over the fact that Trotsky gave Zinoviev and before the formation of a whole booklet, a veritable American we have been able to regiser an increase easiest Colonial conquest on record. The interview granted by comrade Trot­ his interview to the Associated Press, the Opposition bloc. At that time there textbook against Trotskyism, to prove in membership. Especially instructive As an example of the cowardly refusal sky to the bourgeois press in which the “one of the most useful agencies of Am­ was an “interlude” in the Stalinist strug­ what unvarnished scoundrels were all are the experiences of the Bruchsal of those in power to even attempt to views of the Opposition on the shaki­ erican imperialism”. Dunne is right, gle against Trotsky and the Opposition, the allies of Trotsky in the United Sta­ group. In Bruchsal, there is only our defend China’s soil, of their abject sur­ ness of the Stalin regime are briefly out­ only he does not go far enough. He based upon Stalin’s aspiration to bloc tes. Since Trotsky had no allies in this organization in the field; there is no render to" Japanese aggression, I might lined, and the newspaper rumor that should point out that Trotsky is Wrong with the latter against Zinoviev and country at that time, Wolfe, nothing party organization. Through the appli­ record that on the day prior to the ar­ Trotsky is to be allowed into Czecho­ in trying to break into a monopoly con­ Kamenev. It was at this epoch that put out, simply invented them for Trot- cation of the Leninist united front tac­ rival of the Japanese forces at Shankai­ slovakia for three months. At least this tractually owned by Stalin. We refer to Dunne wrote with unconstrained joy: say, he proceeded, a few years later, af­ tic, our Bruchsal comrades succeeded in establishing a proletarian dass front, kuan, a staff officer attached to the Chi­ is the formal occasion. In reality, the the fact that TASS, the official Soviet “Trotsky is back with a vengeance. His ter ins expulsion with Lovestone and Stalinists are deeply troubled and dis­ in which the social democratic party or­ nese Garrison Headquarters rode out to telegraphic press agency, has an exclus­ pictures and busts are displayed every­ Co., to make the best of these inventions mayed. After years of the most venom­ ive reciprocity contract with the Asso­ ganization, the trade unions and all the meet the invaders, to inform them that where next to Lenin’s” etc., etc. Ele­ by uniting with them at the first oppor­ hey would meet with no. resistance in ous persecution, with all the resources ciated Press in this country, so that the other proletarian organizations partici­ mentary compassion for a man caught tunity ! In this way, all were pleased: the event that they desired to occupy of the Soviet power and the Comintern correspondents of the former can usu­ pated. The result of this ■ policy was Trotsky had his revenge for Wolfe’s fa­ the town. And Shaikankuan, lying im­ at their disposal, after periodical fun­ ally be found in the offices of the lat­ short dictates that we resist the tempta­ that the local group was able to more brications, and Wolfe made a good profit mediately south of the Great Wall is erals for the Opposition, the corpse ter, and the falsehoods manufactured tion to publish in full the hymn of re­ than double its membership (more than turns out to be more robust and vigor­ against Trotsky, in the Stalinist forgery out of Trotsky’s “allies”. Maybe there a hundred) ; aside from this, several outside Manchuria. One cannot doubt joicing Dunne penned at that time to the ous than ever, while the ground trembles factory at Moscow are promptly trans­ new local groups have been founded in that they w ill prove equally obliging and prospect of Trotsky coming “back with is something in the blood of the Love­ accomodating should the hungry maw under the feet of the grave-diggers. mitted to the American reading public the vicinity. Furthermore, new groups a vengeance7’ stoneites that gives them a kick out of of Japanese imperialism demand the rest Nothing else can explain the hysterical by "one of the most useful agencies of have been established in the following this way of conducting polemics. Ap­ places: Beuthen, Goerlitz, Breslau, of China too. The freshest example is and brutal letter of Stalin against Slut- American imperialism”. The broadcast­ The point is that this letter was al­ parently there are such people. Frankfurt on thee Main, the Ruhr, Oran- Shanghai (Chapei) where the 19th Route zky and the other “Trotskyist smuggl­ ing of Trotsky’s interview by the A. P. ways pretty much of an open secret in ienburg, Magdeburg, Erfurt, etc. Army is stubbornly resisting the Japan­ ers”, a letter which breaks a silence is really a breach of contract with the party. Its existence is known to the Zam, by the way, is not at an end. ese forces despite the receipt of orders on the part of "the greatest disciple of Stalin, and we know of no worthier cause stern party elders who never forget and There is more to come. He concludes Literature and Press Lenin” which the revolutionary events for which Dunne should take up his hol­ from Nanking to withdraw and surrend­ rarely forgive. When Dunne’s advance­ his breathless battle by writing: “Per­ The organization has from its incep­ in Spain, the turbulent situation in Ger­ low cudgels. er the ground without fighting. ment to a higher rung in the hierarchi­ haps a closer investigation w ill disclose tion made many efforts toward the crea­ many, and the world crisis in general Still another suggestion: Why should cal ladder is discussed in the sacred that the Trotsky Thermidor fheory . . . tion of an Opposition literature. The Shankaikuan apparently forms no part have up to now sought in vain to pierce, Dunne get so frightened at the prospect and the Trotsky theory of Japan’s peace­ material means did not suffice for a re­ of the immediate objectives of the Jap­ And like the candle which splutters vio­ councils, some defender of the faith (a of Trotsky coming to Czecho-Slovakia? fulness are not entirely unrelated.” Bah! gularly appearing newspaper. A ll efforts anese Army, belonging geographically lently before • dying out, the Stalinists Browder, let us say, or a Hathaway) Where is Smeral? Is he doing nothing? We are ashamed of such hesitancy. Why were oencentrated on the publication of to the Tientsin.Peiping areea. Thus af­ have now launched a more than usually w ill say: “Yes, yes, but what about that When it was expected two years ago “perhaps” ? People who “related” Trot­ inexpensive pamphlets, in order to carry ter a perfunctory inspection of the rail­ poisonous campaign against our great letter?”. There lies the secret of the that Trotsky might get a visa to France, sky to a Wrangel officer, and the Left on our propaganda on the broadest basis. way station and environs, the Japanese comrade. But like the dying candle, the that sterling old French patriot, Marcel terrific noise Dunne makes—not, to be Opposition to Chamberlain and Hoover, All the writings of comrade Trotsky soldiery withdrew. From that station to odor of this campaign can already be Cachin, came running to Bessedovsky, sure, of the shameless vilification, be­ should have no difficulty in “relating” were published in pamphlet form. From Mukden, the whole railway line was in smelled and properly classified. Dunne’s yes, Bessedovsky, the ,man who was act­ cause that is a commonplace with every any two things. Stalin’s creatures are time to time, the circulaion of the pub­ their hands. Before the advance west­ splutterings are part of this campaign. ing as Soviet ambassador in France Stalinist creature who ekes out his place not only to be found inside Stalin’s lications continued to grow. Several ward, the staffs of all stations had fled He fits with admirable accuracy into the after the “counter-revolutionist” Rak- party. Plenty can still be found among mistakes were committed in this field and had been replaced by the officials category to which comrade Trotsky re­ in the party today, but of the unusual those eternally hopeful who aspire, on (the issuance of too limited a number and workers drawn from the South Man­ ovsky had been expelled by Briand and loudness. Dlunne is simply trying to ferred in his interview and which makes the outside, to the comforts of their of pamphlets, which are today entirely churia Railway, Japanese-owned. All Stalin. Cachin begged Bessedovsky with drow n o u t the haunting echo o f his 1926 Dunne blue in the face: “Stalin and his lo st home. out of print and which cannot be re- normal traffic on the section was ob­ tears in his eyes to see Briand immedi­ letter. Sincerely, we wish him the luck (Continued on page 4) structed and stopped and the line en- creatures” . ately so as to prevent the issuance of his labors merit. —MONYAK. PAGE 4 TH E MILITANT SATURDAY, MARCH 19, 1932 The W orld Crisis and Its Revolutionary Implications It is the aim of the present lines to the fate of all of China. In this gig­ indicate—if only in its general outlines By LEON TROTSKY antic historical struggle, the Soviet gov­ —the composition of the political world ernment cannot be neutral, take the THE THREAT OF ILLEGALITY changes in the life of the American In the pre-revolutionary situation, the parties are to be expected, as well as working class, it is not permissible -to situation today, as it has resulted from same position with regard to China as American capitalism is already giving most dulf-witted of conservatisms had new attempts to create a third party, etc. the fundamental contradictions of decay to Japan. It is duty-bound to stand com­ advance notice of the bloody answer it forget lor a moment that we alone w ill acquired tremendous political predom­ W ith the first signs of a rise in the con­ capitalism, complicated and sharpened pletely and fully on the side of the is preparing to the slaves whom it denies not and cannot be the authors of these inance. It will in all probability take juncture, the trade union movement w ill by the severe commercial, industrial and Chinese people. Only the unflinching a living within their slavery. In the changes and these events. The future more than one month, perhaps more than acutely sense the necessity o f tearing financial crisis. The following, hastily loyalty of the Soviet government to the roar of gunfire at Detroit it said to the oi American Communism is bright with one year, for the political super-struc­ itself loose from the claws of the de­ sketched reflections, far from embracing struggle for the liberation of the op­ workers whom it has thrown onto the promise, but we will move toward that ture to become adapted to the real eco­ spicable A. F. of L. bureaucracy. At all countries and all questions, are to pressed peoples can really protect the streets : “We cannot employ you and we great future only in so far as the work­ nomic and international situation of the the same time, unlimited possibilities be the subject of serious further, col­ Soviet Union on the Eastern frontier will not provide for you, and if you ing masses move with us at every step. cou ntry. w ill unfold themselves for Communism. lective treatment. against Japan, England, France, the protest we w ill shoot you.” (The mass­ The material conditions are long ripe There is no ground for assuming that In the past, America has known more 1. The Spanish Revolution has creat­ United States. acre at Detroit was followed a few days for a tremendous upsurge, of m ilitant la­ the coClapse o f the “ n a tio n a l” bloc— and than one stormy outburst of revolution­ ed the general political premises for the later by the murderous attack on the bor. This we know and this is the foun­ such a collapse is inevitable in the re­ ary or semi-revolutionary mass move­ Under what forms the Soviet govern­ immediate struggle for power of the pro­ Chicago demonstration of the Commun­ dation of our perspectives. But the latively near future—will lead directly ments. Every time they died out quick­ ment w ill support the struggle of the letariat. The syndicalist traditions of ists before the Japanese Consulate. workers do not react automatically to to the proletarian revolution (it is a ly, because America at every time enter­ Chinese people in the coming period, de­ the Spanish proletariat have at once re Here, as in Detroit, the police were the material pressure upon them, and matter of course, that there can be no ed a new phase of economic upswing pends upon the concrete historical cir­ veafed themselves as one of the most clearly the aggressors. The demonstra­ there is no rule by which to foretell the other revolution in England) or to the and also because the movements them­ cumstances. If it had been insane to important obstacles in the way of the tion was designed as a peaceful one, with extent and tempo of their movement in triumph of “Fascism”. On the contrary, selves were characterized by crass em­ surrender the Chinese Eastern Railroad development of the revolution. The Communist direction it could not be advance. That must be judged and es­ it may be assmed with much greater piricism and theoretical helplessness. voluntarily to Japan before, then it would Comintern was caught unawares by the otherwise under the given conditions, for timated as it actually unfolds or, at probability that on her path to the rev­ These two conditions belong to the past. be just as insane to subordinate the en­ events. The Communist party, totally it is no part of Communist policy to least, as it is clearly intimated. A olutionary solution, England will go A new economic upswing (and one can­ tire policy in the Far East to the pro­ impotent at the beginning of the revolu­ substitute the futile violence of an in­ clear-sighted study of the mood and tem­ through a lengthy period of the radical not consider it excluded in advance) blem of the Chinese Eastern Railroad. tion, occupied a false position on all the dividual or of a smaÿ group for the per of the workers must precede and democratic and social-pacifist demagogy w ill have to be based, not on the internal There are many indications that the be­ fundamental questions. The Spanish intervention of the masses who are not regulate the daily tactics and working of the Lloyd-Georgiad and of Labourism. “equilibrium”, but on the present chaos havior of the Japanese m ilitary clique in experiences have shown—let it be re­ yet active. methods of the revolutionary Party if These can therefore be no doubt that of world economy. American capitalism this question bears a consciously provo- called once more—what a frightful in­ England’s historical development will will enter an eppch of monstrous im­ catory character. Directly behind this We do not credit the story, by means it really aims to accelerate and influ­ strument of the disorganization of the grant British Communism ample time to perialism, of an uninterrupted growth of provocation, stands ruling France. The of which the police-murderers are at­ ence the collisions of class forces. revoCutionary consciousness of the ad­ transform itself into the genuine iv ty armaments, of intervention in the affairs aim of the provocation is to tie the hands tempting to cover themselves, that the Unemployment on the one side and vanced workers, the present Comintern of the proletariat at the moment it will of the entire world, of m ilitary conflicts of the Soviet Union in the East. All first shots were fired from the crowd, wage reductions on the other are weigh­ leadership represents! The extraordin­ be confronted With the solution. From and convulsions. On the other hand, in the more firmness and far-sightedness and by a “Communist agitator” at that. ing down upon virtually the whole work­ ary delay of the proletarian vanguard this, however, it does not at all follow the form of Communism the masses of is required on the part of the Soviet gov­ Such individual reactions to the regime ing class of America and ruthlessly lagging behind the events, the politically that we can afford -to continue losing the A m erican p ro le ta ria t possess— ra ­ ernment. of brutal repression are of course possi­ changing all the accustomed conditions dispersed character of the heroic strug­ time with disastrous experiments and ther, could possess, provided w ith a cor­ The fundamental conditions of the ble ; one may say inevitable. Even if and standards of life. But in spite of gles of the laboring masses, the actual Centrist zig-zags. In the present world rect policy—no longer the old melange East: its immense expanse, its countless that had been the case in Chicago, the that—and this is the most singular and assurances of reciprocity between anar­ situation, time is the most precious of of empiricism, mysticism and quackery, human masses, its economic backward­ police who forcibly deprived the mani­ inescapable fact in the situation—the cho-syndicalism and social democracy— raw materials. but a scientifically grounded, up-to-date ness—give these processes their slow, festants of their rights would bear th'e workers have not yet begun the inevit­ —these are the fundamental politiral doctrine. These radical changes permit -their drawn out and crawling character. whole responsibility. But their attempt able movement of revolt. Under press­ conditions that made it possible for the 3. France, w h ich the sages of the us to predict with certainty that the In any case, there is no threat of an to pin the accusation on a “known” Com- ure of conditions that become more and republican bourgeoisie, in league with Comintern had placed a year and a half inevitable and relatively rapid, revolu­ immediate and acute danger to the ex­ munisa discredits their story from the more intolerable the workers are under­ the social democracy, to establish an or two years ago in the foremost ranks of the revolutionary “upsurge”, is in tionary transformation of the American istence of the Soviet Union from the start. It is a transparent subterfuge to going a profound mental change. But appartaus of repression, and by dealing actuality the most conservative country, proletariat w ill no more to be the form­ Far East. During, the coming period, justify themselves and to frame-up the the outward signs of this change are not the insurgent masses blow for blow, to er, easily extinguishable “bonfire”, but the main events w ill develop in Europe. party. yet manifest to any appreciable extent. concentrate a considerable amount of not only of Europe, but perhaps of the Here, great opportunities may arise, They are proceeding in the same way It is like the slow accumulation of steam political power in the hands of the entire world. The relative stability of the beginning of a veritable revolution­ but from the same source also, great at Detroit. The four victims of their in a sealed boiler that has not yet reach government. the capitalist regime in France has its ary conflagration. In America, Commun dangers threaten. For the present, only gunmen had not been laid away before ed .the explosive point. The explosion roots, to a large extent, in its backward­ ism can face its great future with con­ B y th is example, we see th a t Fascism fidence. Japan has tied its hands in the Far they began a wild man-hunt for Com­ w ill come, and it may come unannounc­ ness. T he crisis has less te llin g effects does not at aCl represent the only means East. The Soviet Union must, for the munist leaders and set the legal machin­ ed ; but it is riot storm, but rather the on it than on other countries. On the 5. The Czarist adventure in Manch­ of the bourgeoisie in its struggle against financial field, Paris even attempts to present, keeps its hands free. ery in motion to grind out wholesale in­ dead calm before storm, that character­ the revolutionary masses. The regime uria led to the Russo-Japanese war; the vie with New York. The present finan­ —L. TROTSKY. dictments. They are d ra w in g the noose izes the present situation. existing in Spain today corresponds best w a r— to .th e 1905 revolution. The pre­ cial “prosperity” of the French bourge­ From (“Germany—the Key to the tighter around the workers’ vanguard. The sporadic movements which flare to the conception of the Kerenskiad, sent Japanese adventure in Manchuria oisie has its direct source in the robbery International Situation.”) They are starting to isolate it from the up here and there are organized by that is, the last or “the one before the can lead to revolution in Japan. of Versailles. But it is precisely the great mass of discontented workers and the small Communist vanguard and, for last”) “left” government, which the At the beginning of the century, the Versailles peace itself that contains the to outlaw its activities. The labor pas­ the most part, carried through by them bourgeoisie can only set up in its strug­ feudal-military regime of that country chief threat to the entire regime of the sivity that has attended the Kentucky in almost every case. In these actions gle against the revolution. But this could still successfully serve the inter­ German Opposition at Work French republic. Between the size of prosecutions and convictions only en­ the Communist workers are distinguish­ kind of government does not necessarily ests of the young Japanese capitalism. the population, the productive forces and (Continued from page 3) courages a similar procedure after every ing themselves by their courage and re­ signify weakness and prostration. In But in the course of the last quarter of the national income of France on the issued now for material reasons). The skirmish in other places. The ruling solution. Thereby they are storing up the absence of a strong revolutionary a century, capitalist development liw one hand, and her present international pamphlets “Against National Commun­ capitalists and their Governmental hire­ capital and prestige for the future. But party of the proletariat, a combination brought extraordinary decomposition in­ position on the other, there is a crying ism”, “Shall Fascism Really Be Victor­ lings, shivering in fear at the coming the masses are not moving with the of semi-reforms, left phrases and ges­ to the old social and political forms. contradiction which must inevitably lead ious?” and “How Can National Socialism storm of labor rebellion, would like to Communists. In this disparity there is tures stilC more to the left, and of re­ Since that time, Japan has more than to an explosion. To maintain her short­ Be Defeated?” have all appeared in a cut off and proscribe the conscious and a great danger that the vanguard will prisals can prove to be of much more once been on the brink of revolution. lived hegemony, “nationalist” as well as second edition. The latest pamphlets articulate section of the class and de­ become exhausted and demoralized and effective service to the bourgeoisie than But the latter lacked a strong revolu­ radical-socialist France is forced to de­ have all appeared editions of 15,000 and prive the germinating mass movement of unable to handle the real movement Fascism. tionary class to fulfill the tasks imposed pend upon the support in the entire have been completely sold out. The legal spokesman and organizers. when it breaks. on it by the - developments. The Man­ Needless to say, the Spanish revolution World, of the most reactionary forces, of present sphere of influence of the Left The Communist workers are not the churian adventure may accelerate the The menace of illegality for the Com­ has not yet concluded. It has not solved the .most archaic forms of exploitation, Opposition w ill allow us to advance to working class. They are only its con­ revolutionary catastrophe of the Japan­ munist movement is undoubtedly grow­ its most elementary tasks (the agrarian, of the abominable Rumanian clique, of editions o f 25,000. T his is a sig nifica nt scious section, and at present in Amer-^ ese regime. ing, and it calls for the most serious the church and the national questions) the decadent Pilsudski regime, of the step forward. ica they are a small and numerically Present day China, no matter how and all-sided consideration. There is no and is still far from having exhausted dictatorship of the Jugloslavian m ili­ Due to the reasons mentioned above, insignificant section. The Communist prescription by the aid of which the the revolutionary resources of the mass­ tary ; to uphold the dismemberment of enfeebled it may be by the dictatorship the Permanente Revolution could not, at workers alone cannot fight real class Party can be guaranteed a legal exist­ es. More than it has already given, the the German nation (Germany and Aus­ of the Kuo Min Tang cliques, greatly first, appear more than once a month. battles. Their function is to fight with ence. With the present weakness and bourgeois revolution will not be able tria), to defend the Polish corridor in differs from the China which Japan, fol­ We had to overcome certain pessimistic the workers and in their front ranks. isolation of the Party, with the inten­ to give. With regard to the proletarian East Prussia, to aid Japanese interven­ lowing the European powers, despoiled sentiments against a more regular ap­ The task of the Communists at the mo- in the past. China has not the strength sification of war danger increasing, and revolution, however, the present intern­ tion in Manchuria, to spur the Japanese pearance. Nevertheless, we have suc­ with a powerful ruling class panic-strick-1 ment is to prepare the workers for the al situation in Spain may be character­ military cliqe against the U. S. S. R., to drive out the Japanese expeditionary nn titA nmono/>t ap o wnrirdrs’ inn »a * coming struggles. The center of this ceeded in issuing the paper as a semi­ en at the prospect of a workers’ mass ized as pre-revolutionary, but scarcely to come forward as the chief enemy of forces immediately, but the national con task is the “patient work of explana­ monthly ever since January 1. That is movement o come, but not yet matured more than that. It is quite probable the liberation movement of the colonial sciousness and activity of the Chinese tion” ; of agitation and propaganda to an unquestionable success for the or­ and merged with the vanguard, the rev­ that the offensive development of the peoples, etc. The contradidction be­ people have grown enormously. Hun­ win the workers over to a course of ganization, although this result is by no olutionary wing may be driven under­ Spanish revolution w ill take on a more tween France’s secondary role in world dreds of thousands, millions of Chinese struggle. There is no substitute for means up to the mark of political neces­ ground in spite of anything it can do. or less protracted character. In this economy and her immense privileges and have gone through military training. this prosaic task and there is no way to There is no prescription that will manner, the historical process opens up, pretensions in world politics w ill become The Chinese w ill always improvise new sity. We are campaigning for a weekly leap over it. A renovation of the Party’s guarantee legality. But within certain as it were, a new credit account for more distinct every month, will heap armies. The Japanese will feel them at present. tactics in this sense is an absolute nec­ limits it can be safeguarded and stren­ Spanish Communism,. dangers upon dangers, upset her inter­ selves besieged. The railro a d s w ill be essary. Only in this way can it prepare The successes achieved are the fruits gthened by a correct policy. The ex­ 2. The sitdption in England can nal stability, promote restlessness and of far greater service for war than for the coming workers’ movement and en­ of a systematic work of preparation, perience o f 1919-21 m ust be recalled and likewise be termed with a certain de economic purposes. More and more new trench itself within it. discontent among the .masses of the peo­ which brought about the most effective its lessons assimilated by those militants gree of justification, as pre-revolution­ ple and create ever deeper political de­ troops will have to be sent out. The utilization and application of the forces A FALSE SLOGAN who have been drawn into the move­ ary, provided it is strictly agreed, that rangements. These processes w ill un­ Manchurian expedition spreading out w ill of which we disposed. We must em­ ment, under legal conditions, since that mhe revolutionary fighting spirit of the a period covering several years of part­ doubtedly become manifest as early as begin to exhaust Japan’s economic or­ phasize that all our work was carried time. The first of these lessons is to Communist workers who demonstrated ial ebbs and and tides can elapse be­ the next parliamentary elections. ganism, increase the discontent inside on without any material assistance from value legality; and, without surrender­ before the Japanese consulates last Sat­ tween the pre-revolutionary and the im­ On the other hand, however, all in­ the country, sharpen the contradictions the outside. In view of the fact that ing a single point of revolutionary doc­ urday is not to be questioned. The firm mediately revolutionary situation. The dications compel us to assume that, if no and thereby, accelerate the revolutionary there are more tha n 6,000,000 unem ploy­ crisis. trine or evading a single duty, to fight w ill to fight against the imperialist war economic situation in England hab reach­ great events take place outside of the ed in Germany today, these material ef­ for it to the end. A retreat into illegal­ mongeres was their animating impulse. ed extreme acuteness. Still, the politic country (the victory of the revolution 6. In China, the .necessity of a deter­ forts are even worthy of a much higher ity under the present conditions, or even And that is all the greater reason for aC super-structure of this arch-conserva­ In Germany or the reverse: the victory mined defense against the imperialist evaluation. Without overlooking any of under much more aggravated ones, would protest against the manner in which the tive country extraordinary lags behind of Fascism), the development of the in­ invasion w ill also bring with it serious the shortcomings that still persist, it is, signify a retreat from the coming class energies of the militants are being mis­ the changes in the economic basis. Be­ ternal relationships in France itself will, internal, political consequences. The nevertheless, undeniable, that the Ger­ battles. directed by the false tactics of the Party fore taking recourse to new political in the next period, take a relatively “nor­ Kuo Min Tang regime arose out of the man Opposition has overcome the stage leaders. It is a cruel irony that the THE SITUATION AND ITS TASK forms and methods, all the classes of mal” course which w ill open up for Com­ national revolutionary mass movement, of sectarianism and that it is on the brave demonstration of the Chicago rev­ the English nation are attempting time road to becoming one of the most active One of the most important problems of munism the opportunity of utilizing a which was exploited and strangled by isionists, inspired by a hatred of “their and again to ransack the old store­ sections in the International Left Op­ American Communist tactics is to main­ considerable period of preparation in or­ the bourgeois militarists (with the aid own” Imperialists, could give the out­ rooms, to turn the old clothes of their position. —R. WELL. tain an open legal, or at least semi­ der to consolidate itself prior to the ad­ of the Stalinist bureaucracy). Precise­ ward appearance of an "anti-Japanese grandfathers and greatmofchers inside legal, position until a significant work­ vent of the pre-revolutionary and revolu­ ly for this reason, the present regime, P. S. In further. articles, there will demonstration”, and be so described by out. The fact remains, that despite be a more detailed report of the newly ers’ mass movement has caught up with tionary situation. shaky and full of contradictions, is in­ the capitalist press. Such a direction of the dreadful national decline there does organized groups and connections. the conscious vanguard and joined with 4. In the United States, the most pow­ capable of initiating a revolutionary war. the struggle does not in the least hamper not exist in England as yet, either a it in a common struggle on the concrete erful country of capital, the present The necessity of a defense against the the war plans of American imperialism. revolutionary party of any significance CLASS IN M A R X IS M questions of the day. Then the sup­ crisis has laid bare frightful social con­ Japanese invaders w ill turn more and On the contrary it gives them unwitting or its antipode—‘the Fascist party. It is not yet too late to join the class pression of the Party w ill be a thousand tradictions with striking forcefulness. more against the Kuo Min Tang regime support. Thanks to these circumstances, the bour­ in Marxism taught by comrade ‘ Swabeck times .more difficult. The numerically After an unprecedented period of pro­ and nourish the revolutionary senti­ Of course we support the Qfiinese peo­ geoisie has had the opportunity of mob­ every Thursday evening at eight o’­ weak Party, isolated and fighting virtual­ sperity vjhich amazed the whole world ments of the masses. With a correct ple ; we ought to expose and denounce ilizing the majority of the people under clock, at our headquarters, 84 E. 10th ly alone, is only a threat. The Party with its fireworks of millions and bil policy, the proletarian vanguard can, un­ the Japanese militarists in our general the “national” banner, that is, under St. Comrades and sympathizers are in­ supported by a Workers’ mass movement lions, the United States at once enter der these condiions, make up for all edly wrong to concentrate the anti-war vited to attend. The subject matter the most hollow of all possible slogans. ed a period of unemployment for mil­ that was so tragically lost in the course is a power. campaign in America against the govern- lions of people, of the most appalling o f the years 1924-1927. already covered included discussion of If we are going to find our way in agitation; but in our opinion it is deeid- Class Struggles in France, the 18th physical destitution for the toilers. Such 7. The present events in Manchuria the charged social atmosphere of these ,ment of Japan. And this is precisely Brumalre, ■ the Communist Manifesto, the it contribute to it? In the event of war a gigantic social convulsion cannot fail prove particularly how naive those gen­ days, the first obligation laid upon us the impression that, in the present situa­ Gotha Program. with Japan the Communists w ill fie dis­ to leave its traces on the political de­ tlemen were, who demanded of the Sov is to see things as they are. H is to ry tion, the demonstrations before the Jap­ Some of the remaining sessions, and armed if the American imperialists can velopment of the country. Today it is iet Union the simple return of the Chi assigns an enormous role to the con anese consulates are bound to create in say: “You were more eager than we they are more than half, will be de­ still hard to ascertain, at least from the nese Eastern Railroad to China. That scious revolfttionaries who foresees the the minds of the masses. In actions of were; you demanded the expulsion of voted to analysis and discussion of the distance, any measure of important rad would have meant surrendering it volun­ line of march theoretically, but it does this kind only the salient facts stand dispute with the anarchists, the dispute the Japanese diplomats while we were icalization in the American working tarily to Japan, in whose hands the not allow us to force events by our own out. The subsidiary slogans, the other with the Utopians, historical material­ still striving for peace.” masses. It may be assumed that the railroad would have become a weapon wishes. Marxism is no doctrine of soc issues which are “linked up” with the ism, and dialectics. We repeat: it is not “The enemy is in our own ocuntry!” masses themselves have been so startled against China as well as against the U. ial miracles wrought by small minor­ main event, are lost in the shuffle. How yet too late to join this class. The fee is —this is the revolutionary slogan of by the castastrophic upheaval in the con S. S. R. If anything at all had hitherto ities. It has nothing in common with quickly wrongly formulated slogans ex­ small. The next session is Thursday, juncture, so stunned and crushed by un­ prevented the Japanese ,military cliques putschism. Even if one is .convinced- act their penalty! The popular impres­ Liebknecht and Lenin, the guiding line March 24th. employment or by the fear of unemploy­ sion of the Saturday demonstrations as of the proletarian struggle against im­ from intervention in Manchuria and if as we are convinced—that we are near ment, that they have not as yet been able an “anti-Japanese” affair is the price perialist war. Those who forget this anything may still hold them within the the threshold of great events and great to draw even the most elementary poli­ BACK NUMBERS OF already paid for the asinine slogan of for one moment are already on the tob­ boundaries of caution today, it is the tical conclusions from the calamity that ‘‘MILITANT” WANTED the Party leadership: “Drive the Japan­ oggan to social patriotism. The prole­ fact that the Chinese Eastern Railroad has befallen them. This requires a cer­ T H E MILITANT ese diplomats from the country!” tariat in every country has to wage its is the property of the Soviets. We are preparing files of the own specific fight against its own imper­ tain amount of time. But the conclu­ 8. Cannot the Manchurian adventure M ilita n t for binding. We plan to Published weekly by the Communist In this slogan there is the basis for a complete disorientation of the prole­ ialists and work for their defeat. The sions will be drawn. The tremendous of the Japanese, nevertheless, lead to bind in one volume all the issues League of America (Opposition) tarian strflggle around the question of central task of the American Commun­ economic crisis, which has taken on the war with the U. S. S. R.? It is under­ from Vol. 1, No. 1 to Volume IV at 84 East 10th St., N. Y. the coming war. It fits in with the ists in the question of war is the sys­ character of a social crisis, w ill inevit­ stood, this is not excluded even with No. 12, the last issue o f the semi­ EDITORIAL BOARD pseudo-pacifist policy of American im­ tematic exposure of the policy of Amer­ ably be converted into a crisis of the the wisest and most cautious policy on m on th ly M ilita n t. We are missing Martin Abern James P. Cannon perialism in the East and facilitates its ica which masks the most monstrous im­ political consciousness of the American the part of the Soviet government. The the follolng numbers: Vol. I, No. Max Shachtman Maurice Spector work of delusion at home. “The Japan­ perialist designs with the phrases of working class. It is quite possible that internal contradictions of feudal-capital­ 1, November 15, 1928. Vol. 2, No. Arne Swabeck ese are mad w ith m ilita ris m ; they are pacifism. The fire of the Communists the revolutionary radicalization of the istic Japan have obviously unbalanced 4, Feb. 18th 1929; Vol. 3, No. 31; broadest layers of workers w ill reveal Entered as second class mail matter provoking a world war; but our own must be concentrated mainly on this her government. There is no lack of Oct. 1, 1930; Vol. 4, No. 2, Janu­ Hoover policy if it is to serve the in­ itself, not in the period of the greatest Novem ber 28, 1928, at the Post Office a t government strives for peace, and if it instigators (France). And from the a ry 15th, 1931. Vol. 4, No. 4, Feb- terests of the proletariat. The anti-Jap­ decline in the conjuncture, but on the New York, N. Y. Under the act of is finally ofrced into war it w ill be the historical experiences of Czarism in the ru ra y 15th 1931. Vol. 4, No. 10, anese slogan contradicts this task, con- contrary, during the turn toward revival Far East, we know what an unbalanced M arch 3, 1879. fault of Japan”—this is the imperialist M ay 15th, 1931. J u s t as soon as Buses and disorganizes the struggle and and upswing. In either case, the present SATURDAY, MARCH 19, 1932 propaganda for the coming year which military-bureaucratic monarchy is cap­ we receive these numbers we w ill even contains the germ of chauvinist de­ crisis w ill open up a new epoch in the Vol. 5, No. 12, (Whole No. 108) is seeping into the minds of the Amer­ able of. be able to proceed iwth our bind­ viations. The slogan should be with­ life of the American proletariat and of Subscription ra te :. $2.00 per year; for­ ican people day by day. Does the “Anti- The struggle unfolding in the Far ing plans and offer the bound vol­ drawn before it does further harm. eign $2.50. Five cents per copy. Japanese” agitation of the Party coun­ the people as a whole. Serious regroup­ East is, it is understood, carried on not umes for sale. Bundle rates, 3 cents per copy. teract this poisonous delusion or does —J . P. C. ments and clashes among the ruling for the sake of the railroads, but over