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Pandemija COVID-19 V Aziji Tradicionalni Humanizmi, Moderna Odtujenost in Retorike Sodobnih Ideologij

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Pandemija COVID-19 V Aziji Tradicionalni Humanizmi, Moderna Odtujenost in Retorike Sodobnih Ideologij Pandemija COVID-19 v Aziji Tradicionalni humanizmi, moderna odtujenost in retorike sodobnih ideologij Slavnostni zbornik ob 25. obletnici ustanovitve Oddelka za azijske študije na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani Jana S. Rošker (ur.) Ljubljana 2021 Pandemija_COVID-19_v_Aziji_FINAL.indd 1 28. 04. 2021 10:37:53 Pandemija covid-19 v Aziji: tradicionalni humanizmi, moderna odtujenost in retorike sodobnih ideologij Slavnostni zbornik ob 25. obletnici ustanovitve Oddelka za azijske študije na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani Zbirka: Studia Humanitatis Asiatica (ISSN 2463-8900) Glavna urednica zbirke: Jana S. Rošker Urednica: Jana S. Rošker Lektoriranje: Rok Janežič Tehnični urednik: Jure Preglau Recenzentki: Irena Srdanović, Saša Istenič Kotar Oblikovanje in prelom: Nana Martinčič Slika na naslovnici: Gerd Altmann, Pixabay Založila: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani Izdal: Oddelek za azijske študije Za založbo: Roman Kuhar, dekan Filozofske fakultete Tisk: Birografika Bori, d. o. o. Ljubljana, 2021 Prva izdaja Naklada: 150 izvodov Cena: 19,90 EUR To delo je ponujeno pod licenco Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Deljenje pod enakimi pogoji 4.0 Mednarodna licenca (izjema so fotografije). / This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Interna- tional License (except photographs). Prva e-izdaja. Publikacija je v digitalni obliki prosto dostopna na https://e-knjige.ff.uni-lj.si/ DOI: 10.4312/9789610604464 Kataložna zapisa o publikaciji (CIP) pripravili v Narodni in univerzitetni knjižnici v Ljubljani Tiskana knjiga COBISS.SI-ID=58763011 ISBN 978-961-06-0447-1 E-knjiga COBISS.SI-ID=58698243 ISBN 978-961-06-0446-4 (PDF) Pandemija_COVID-19_v_Aziji_FINAL.indd 2 28. 04. 2021 10:37:53 Kazalo SPREMNA BESEDA UREDNICE Jana S. ROŠKER: Uvod: Zborniku na pot .......................................................................... 9 RELACIJSKE DRUŽBE NEKOČ IN DANES Jana S. ROŠKER: Tradicionalna siniška relacijska etika in organizacija družbe v kriznih časih virusnih epidemij .....................................................................................17 Tinka DELAKORDA KAWASHIMA: »Brezzvezna« japonska družba in prakse pripadanja v času pandemije ...........................................................................45 ZDRAVSTVO IN POLITIKA Andrej BEKEŠ: Covid-19 na Japonskem: Država in tujci .............................................65 Byoung Yoong KANG: Koronavirus v Severni Koreji ter njegov vpliv na sodelovanje med Južno in Severno Korejo na področju zdravstva ...........................85 UMETNOST, SIMBOLNOST IN PSIHA Tea SERNELJ: Izvor in razvoj koncepta tesnobe na Kitajskem in njegove manifestacije v obdobju pandemije covida-19 ........................................113 Tamara DITRICH: Etična izhodišča staroindijskih kognitivnih modelov: Predstavitev problema strahu in pohlepa v Abhidhammi ........................................137 Klara HRVATIN: Odziv japonskih umetnikov na koronavirus: Percepcija folklore yōkaija in njena popularizacija .....................................................159 KORPUSNE ANALIZE JEZIKA Nagisa MORITOKI ŠKOF: Primerjalna korpusna analiza vsebine nagovorov voditeljev držav v zvezi s pandemijo covida-19 ......................................183 Mateja PETROVČIČ: Dnevne novice na temo covida-19 skozi prizmo Nacionalne zdravstvene komisije Ljudske republike Kitajske .................................207 Povzetek ..............................................................................................................................221 Summary .............................................................................................................................223 Stvarno kazalo ...................................................................................................................225 Pandemija_COVID-19_v_Aziji_FINAL.indd 3 28. 04. 2021 10:37:53 Pandemija_COVID-19_v_Aziji_FINAL.indd 4 28. 04. 2021 10:37:53 Zahvale Pričujoči zbornik je bil izdan v okviru raziskovalnega dela programske sku- pine Azijski jeziki in kulture (P6-0243), ki deluje na Oddelku za azijske štu- dije Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani in ki jo financira Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije (ARRS). Vsebuje tudi rezultate raziskav, ki so nastali v okviru dveh temeljnih raziskovalnih projektov, in sicer ARRS N6-0161 Humanizem v medkulturni perspektivi: Evropa in Kitajska, ter ARRS J7-9429 Vzhodnoazijske zbirke v Sloveniji: vpetost slovenskega prostora v globalno izmenjavo predmetov in idej z Vzhodno Azijo. Pandemija_COVID-19_v_Aziji_FINAL.indd 5 28. 04. 2021 10:37:53 Pandemija_COVID-19_v_Aziji_FINAL.indd 6 28. 04. 2021 10:37:53 SPREMNA BESEDA UREDNICE Pandemija_COVID-19_v_Aziji_FINAL.indd 7 28. 04. 2021 10:37:53 Pandemija_COVID-19_v_Aziji_FINAL.indd 8 28. 04. 2021 10:37:53 Jana S. ROŠKER Uvod: Zborniku na pot ddelek za azijske študije na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani je ugledal luč sveta v akademskem letu 1995/96, kar pomeni, da letos Opraznuje 25. obletnico ustanovitve. Ob tej priložnosti smo se odločili, da bomo izdali zbornik s prispevki večine članov in članic programske skupine Azijski jeziki in kulture, ki deluje v okviru oddelka. Vendar je letošnje leto že od vsega začetka zaznamoval še en dogodek, ki bo ostal v zgodovinskem spominu ne zgolj našega oddelka, fakultete in univerze, temveč vsega sveta. Prvič v življenju smo bili soočeni s pandemijo globalnih razsežnosti, ki je v strahu, negotovosti, a tudi v solidarnosti in upanju poveza- la Azijo z Evropo in drugimi celinami. Pričujoči zbornik je torej nastal tudi kot odziv članov in članic Programske skupine Azijski jeziki in kulture Oddelka za azijske študije na pandemijo co- vida-19, ki je leta 2020 preplavila svet. Ta pandemija nam je močneje in na- zorneje kot kdaj koli poprej pokazala, kako tesno smo v današnjem svetu vsi ljudje povezani. Največji problemi, ki pestijo človeštvo, so naši skupni proble- mi, zato jih lahko rešujemo samo skupaj in ne več v ozkih zamejenostih posa- mičnih držav ali geopolitičnih regij. V tem okviru so medkulturne interakcije toliko bolj pomembne. Brez vzaje- mnega učenja, odprtih dialogov in vzajemne pomoči problemov globalnih Pandemija_COVID-19_v_Aziji_FINAL.indd 9 28. 04. 2021 10:37:53 Jana S. ROŠKER razsežnosti, kot so ekološka kriza, virusne pandemije, poglabljanje socialnih neenakosti, vojne za dobiček in oblast ter številni drugi, ne bomo mogli rešiti. Pokazalo se je tudi, da imata prav v času kriznih tranzicij humanistika in druž- boslovje ključno vlogo in v tem pogledu pandemija covida-19 zagotovo ni iz- jema. V taki krizi postanejo ključne etične in politične odločitve, kajti naravo- slovna znanost nam sama ne more povedati, katere vrednote – in posledično katere ukrepe in vedenjske vzorce – naj postavimo v ospredje. V tem kontekstu so pomembne odločitve torej brez dvoma etične in ne znan- stvene. Vprašanja o tem, kako naj delujemo v takšnih kritičnih časih, so izje- mnega pomena, zato moramo – morda bolj kot kadar koli poprej – celovito artikulirati, razpravljati in raziskovati, kakšna je naša vloga v skupnosti, vka- tero smo vpeti, in kakšna razmerja nas povezujejo s soljudmi, ki so prav tako 10 njen del. Pri tem ne gre zgolj za vprašanja, povezana z moralo in etiko posa- meznikov in posameznic, temveč za vprašanja naših družbenih interakcij, to- rej za vprašanja, ki so predvsem politična. Kot vemo, ljudi zaradi lastnega interesa običajno usmerjajo najbližji cilji. Skrb za tveganje okužbe skupnosti se jim zdi abstraktna in manj pomembna kot ohranitev individualnih svoboščin. Če hočemo razviti drugačna načela ter privzeti vrednote sodelovanja in solidarnosti, moramo svoje mišljenje pre- oblikovati in preobraziti tako, da bo izhajalo iz skupnostne in družbene per- spektive in ne iz ozkih individualnih interesov in naše sebičnosti. Pandemija covida-19 je tako pokazala, da moramo udejanjati svoje sociološke, politične, moralne in filozofske teorije, če hočemo spremeniti individualna ravnanja. Trenutno se je velik del naših življenj ustavil, naše skupne odgovornosti pa terjajo, da ravnamo na nelagodne in celo boleče načine. Čeprav ne vemo, kdaj bo vsega tega konec oziroma kakšna bo »nova normalnost« po pande- miji, lahko vednost spremeni naše odzive na razmere, v katerih smo ujeti. Pokaže nam lahko, kako izkoristiti to krizo kot priložnost za kultivacijo našega občutka povezanosti in vzajemne pomoči. Poleg tega lahko humanistika in družboslovje v teh negotovih časih v nas vzgajata zavest o individualni odgo- vornosti. V takih razmerah se lahko vednost in mišljenje drugih kultur in ča- sov zagotovo izkažeta za koristna. Ker se spoprijemamo z globalno širitvijo korona virusa SARS-CoV-2, ki je spro- žil pandemijo covida-19, moramo razumeti pomen medkulturnega sodelo- vanja. Medkulturni dialog mora imeti pomembno vlogo pri pripravi novega transkulturnega dogovora, s katerim bi morda lahko oblikovali nove modele družbenega sodelovanja in povezovanja ne samo znotraj posameznih družb in kultur, temveč tudi onkraj nacionalnih, etničnih in civilizacijskih meja. Zato Pandemija_COVID-19_v_Aziji_FINAL.indd 10 28. 04. 2021 10:37:54 Uvod ni naključje, da je med globalno pandemijo covida-19 potreba po takem medkulturnem dialogu še izrazitejša, saj nazorno kaže, da živimo v svetu, ki je izjemno tesno povezan. Popolno prepoznavanje velikega pomena naše po- vezanosti in skupne ogroženosti nam lahko pomaga pri iskanju izhoda iz glo- balne krize. Če pa te tesne povezanosti ne bomo upoštevali, bi to lahko celo
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