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Oklahoma Native Plant Record, Volume 11, Number 1, December 4 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 SURVEY OF THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE BOEHLER SEEPS AND SANDHILLS PRESERVE Submitted to the Department of Botany of Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 1997 Linda Gatti Clark E-mail: [email protected] Located in Atoka County of south- preserve’s flora. This note summarizes my central Oklahoma, The Nature findings and provides a reference to the Conservancy’s Boehler Seeps and Sandhills information compiled in Gatti Clark (1997). Preserve comprises sandhills, acidic hillside seeps, marshes, intermittent and permanent BOEHLER SEEPS AND streams, and shallow lakes. The sandhills are SANDHILLS PRESERVE the site of the highest quality, old-growth vegetation of the Western Gulf Coastal The preserve is a 235 ha site located in Plains (S. Orzell, pers. comm. to Ian Butler). southern Atoka County, Oklahoma, The flora is a unique assemblage of plants approximately 11 miles north of Boswell that is present nowhere else in the state and (S25 & 26, T4S, R13W; Boswell NW Quad). considered globally rare. Approximately 400 It comprises two tracts bisected by a paved species are believed to be present (Jones country road and is located in the 1993). More than 20 rare species have been watersheds of Muddy Boggy and Clear reported to occur in the area, including Boggy Creeks. Situated in the Dissected some that are globally rare (Oklahoma Coastal Plain Geomorphic Province and Natural Heritage Inventory 1997). Eriocaulon Western Coastal Plain Land Resource Area kornickianum, for example, is designated G2 (Johnson et al. 1979, USDA Natural and S1. Other rare species in the preserve Resources Conservation Service 1992), its include Penstemon murrayanus (G4, S1S3), underlying strata are Cretaceous in age. Also Polygonella americana (G5, S1S2), and underlying the preserve is the Antlers Paronychia drummondii (G4G5, S1S2). Sandstone Aquifer that is composed Prior to this study, our knowledge of the primarily of non-marine sand and clay, and vascular plant species in the preserve was marine limestone and clay up to 915 m thick incomplete. Although several partial lists of and is saturated with water that has a its flora had been compiled, a systematic moderate to high mineral content (Johnson survey of the area to inventory all of the et al. 1979). The water table is generally plants had not been conducted. Such within 1-1.3 m of the surface, with seeps information is essential for understanding occurring where it reaches the surface the ecology of the site and making decisions (Jones 1993, pers. comm.). Soil series of the about its management. This study was site are the Bernow-Romia complex, 8-12% undertaken to provide this information. slopes; Boggy fine sandy loam; and Larue Specific objectives were to: (1) compile a list loamy fine sand, 0-8% slopes (Shingleton of the terrestrial and aquatic vascular plant and Watterson 1979). All are susceptible to species present and (2) prepare a set of erosion by both water and wind. herbarium specimens to document the Precipitation in the area of the preserve Clark, L. G. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100081 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 5 Volume 11, December 2011 occurs primarily in the spring and summer, because of the topography. The ground and averages 119 cm per year (Ruffner surface has a spongy feel because of the 1980). The average growing season is 255 thick carpet of vegetation, primarily mosses; days; mean maximum annual temperature is Sphagnum lescurii and Polytrichum commune in 24.5˚ C and mean minimum is 11˚ C; the particular dominate. Occupying natural average number of days below 0˚ C is 52 drainage ways, the second type is (Ruffner 1980). characterized by water flowing away from Vegetation of the area is Oak-Hickory the seepage point. Ferns, sedges, and rushes Forest (Duck and Fletcher 1943) with typically are in abundance along these several communities present. Quercus stellata, watercourses. Between the lakes and the Carya texana, and Sideroxylon lanuginosum spp. seeps are marshes dominated by Osmunda Lanuginosum (=Bumelia lanuginose) regalis, O. cinnamonea, Cephalanthus occidentalis, dominate and form an almost continuous Scirpus spp., Rhynchospora spp., and Cyperus canopy in the drier areas. Typically a thick spp. Associated with Boehler Lake are leaf layer is present on the ground, and rather deep drainages that resemble sloughs. understory vegetation is sparse. Juniperus They have less vegetation and are often virginiana and Pinus echinata, while not banked by large trees such as Quercus falcata, dominant, can be found scattered Q. nigra, and Q. phellos. throughout the preserve. Common woody understory species are Nyssa sylvatica, METHOD OF SURVEY Vaccinium arboreum, Berchemia scandens, and Vitis rotundifolia. Herbaceous understory taxa A systematic collection of the terrestrial include Galium arkansanum, G. obtusum, and aquatic vascular plants occurring in the Tephrosia virginia, Carex spp., Cyperus spp., preserve was conducted during the 1994 and Juncus spp. Scattered throughout the and 1995 growing seasons. The area was preserve and most conspicuous are glades divided into three survey units using roads dominated by Aristida desmantha and and fences as boundaries. Each unit was Selaginella rupestris. Other glades are present traversed on foot several times during the and are dominated by various grasses, such growing season. Plants were collected in as Panicum spp., mosses, and forbs, such as both the flowering and fruiting stages, and Gaillardia aestivalis and Hieracium longipilum. prepared using standard herbarium At the glade edges, trees other than the techniques (Radford et al. 1974). One set of forest dominants are encountered, in 440 voucher herbarium specimens particular Quercus incana. Its saplings are (Appendix H) was prepared and deposited occasionally found in the centers of the in the Oklahoma State University glades. Herbarium (OKLA). Specimens previously Hassel and Boehler Lakes are small, collected by Conservancy personnel were shallow bodies of water maintained by identified and included in the inventory beaver dams. Both have dense stands of (Gatti Clark 1997, Appendices I and J). emergent and floating-leaved species at their Identification was accomplished using the edges and open water in their centers. resources of the herbarium. Nomenclature Dominant taxa include Typha angustifolia, used was based primarily on that of Nuphar lutea, and Nymphaea odorata. Often Waterfall (1969), Correll and Johnston quite abundant, free-floating species are (1979), and Gray’s Manual of Botany Azolla caroliniana and Utricularia biflora. Two (Fernald 1950). Common names were taken types of seeps are present in the preserve. from Correll and Johnston (1979) and One has water percolating slowly to the Taylor and Taylor (1994). surface and accumulating in one area Clark, L. G. 6 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 11, December 2011 FLORA OF THE PRESERVE LITERATURE CITED Three hundred forty-five species in 225 Correll, D. S. and M. S. Johnston. 1970. genera and 84 families were encountered in Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. this survey or by previous workers (Gatti Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Clark 1997, Appendices H, I, and J). Three TX. families, Asteraceae (56 taxa), Poaceae Duck, L. G. and J. B. Fletcher. 1943. A (41 taxa), and Cyperaceae (35 taxa), Game Type Map of Oklahoma. State of composed 38% of the preserve’s vascular Oklahoma Game and Fish Department, flora. Other large families were the Fabaceae Division of Wildlife Restoration. (21 taxa), Apiaceae (11 taxa), Lamiaceae Oklahoma Biological Survey, Norman, (10 taxa), and Scrophulariaceae (10 taxa). OK. The largest genera present were Carex, Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray’s Manual of Botany. represented by 17 species, and Panicum, 8th ed. American Book Company, New represented by 12 species. York. Species designated by the U.S. Fish and Gatti Clark, L. C. 1997. Floristic and Wildlife Service (1996) as endangered, Biosystematic Investigations in Plant threatened, or candidate (formally Taxonomy. Ph.D. dissertation. Oklahoma category 1) were not encountered. Species State University, Stillwater, OK. ranked by the ONHI (1997) as S1 or S2 and Jones, N. 1993. A baseline study of the present in the preserve included the water quality, vegetative gradients, and previously mentioned Eriocaulon hydrology of Boehler Seeps and kornickianum (G2, S1), Penstemon murrayanus Sandhills Preserve. Report. The Nature (G4, S1S3), Polygonella americana (G5, S1S2), Conservancy, Tulsa, OK. and Paronychia drummondii (G4G5, S1S2). Johnston, K. S., C. C. Branson, N. M. Other rare species are listed in the table. Curtis, Jr., W. E. Ham, W. E. Harrison, Although demonstrably secure globally M. V. Marcher, and J. F. Roberts. 1979. and ranked G4 or G5 by ONHI, several Geology and Earth Resources of species of interest were found in the Oklahoma. Educational Publication 1. preserve. The insectivorous Drosera brevifolia Oklahoma Geological Survey, Norman, and the mycotrophic/parasitic Monotropa OK. hypopithys were encountered. Lycopodiella Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory. appressa (=Lycopodium appressum) is 1997. Short Working List of Rare reported for the site but was not seen in this Plants. Version of 22 January 1997. study or in collections of The Nature Oklahoma Biological Survey, Norman, Conservancy personnel (L. K. Magrath, OK. pers. comm.). Radford, A. E., W. C. Dickison, J. R. With 22 rare taxa reported for the site, Massey, and C. R. Bell. 1974. Vascular monitoring of the Bluejack Oak sandhills Plant Systematics. Harper and Row, New and seep communities should continue. The York. communities and its assemblage of plants at Ruffner, J. A. 1980. Climate of the United Boehler Seeps and Sandhills Preserve are States: National Oceanic and Atmospheric rare within the state and deserve continued Administration Narrative Summaries, Tables, study. and Maps for Each State with Overview of State Climatologist Programs. 2nd ed. Volume 2. Gale Research Company, Detroit, MI. Clark, L. G. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 7 Volume 11, December 2011 Shingleton, L.
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