ISSN 1536-7738 Oklahoma Native Plant Record

Journal of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 1

Oklahoma Native Plant Record Journal of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society 2435 South Peoria Tulsa, Oklahoma 74114 Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 ISSN 1536-7738 Managing Editor: Sheila Strawn Technical Editor: Patricia Folley Technical Advisor: Bruce Hoagland CD-ROM Producer: Chadwick Cox Website: http://www.usao.edu/~onps/ The purpose of ONPS is to encourage the study, protection, propagation, appreciation and use of the native plants of Oklahoma. Membership in ONPS shall be open to any person who supports the aims of the Society. ONPS offers individual, student, family, and life memberships. 2007 Officers and Board Members President: Kim Shannon Librarian: Bonnie Winchester Vice-president: Gloria Caddell Website Manager: Chadwick Cox Secretary: Paula Shryock Photo Poster Curators: Treasurer: Mary Korthase Sue Amstutz & Marilyn Stewart Membership Database: Tina Julich Color Oklahoma Chair: Tina Julich Past President: Constance Murray Conservation Chair: Chadwick Cox Board Members: Field Trip Chair: Patricia Folley Paul Buck Mailings Chair: Karen Haworth Ron Tyrl Merchandise Chair: Susan Chambers Lynn Michael Nominating Chair: Paula Shryock Monica Macklin Photography Contest Chair: Tina Julich Elfriede Miller Publications Chair: Sheila Strawn Stanley Rice Publicity Chairs: Central Chapter Chair: Lou Duke/ Kim Shannon & Marilyn Stewart Marilyn Stewart Wildflower Workshop Chair: Cross-timbers Chapter Chair: Constance Murray Paul Richardson Cover photo: Courtesy of Patricia Folley. Mycology Chapter Chair: Clark Ovrebo “This Opuntia polyacantha was Northeast Chapter Chair: Sue Amstutz blooming away on a rocky shore on Jed Gaillardia Editor: Chadwick Cox JohnsonLakeintheWichitaMountains Harriet Barclay Award Chair: Wildlife Refuge. The photo was taken with a Constance Taylor Nikon Coolpix camera about the size of a Ann Long Award Chair: Patricia Folley deck of cards, and no tripod. Cactus flowers ONPS Service Award Chair: Sue Amstutz are wonderful for holding still!” Historian: Sharon McCain

Articles (c) The Authors Journal compilation (c) Oklahoma Native Plant Society Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly attributed, not used for commercial purposes, and, if transformed, the resulting work is redistributed under the same or similar license to this one. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100049 2

Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1

Table of Contents

Foreword...... 3

VascularPlantsoftheOklahomaOzarks...... 4 Ph.D. Dissertation Dr. Charles S. Wallis

UpdatedOklahomaOzarkFlora...... 21 Dr. Bruce W. Hoagland

The Vascular Flora of the Oklahoma Centennial Botanical Garden Site . . . . 54 Osage County, Oklahoma Dr. Bruce W. Hoagland and Ms. Amy Buthod

VascularPlantChecklistsfromOklahoma...... 67 Dr. Michael W. Palmer

TheNeedforSavannaRestorationintheCrossTimbers...... 78 Mr. Caleb Stotts, Dr. Michael W. Palmer, and Dr. Kelly Kindscher

BotanizingwithLarryMagrath...... 91 Editorial Ms. Patricia Folley

Five-yearIndextoOklahomaNativePlantRecord...... insidebackcover Oklahoma Native Plant Record 3 Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Foreword and Forward

While I always look “forward” to preparing each volume for you, I haven’t always gotten the “Foreword” right. In fact, the wrong word is used in the table of contents of the first four volumes. It is misspelled in both the table of contents and in the section headings of the last two volumes. Ruth Boyd, who has proof-read the journal with me every year since its inception in 2001 is most likely doing summersaults in her grave because I missed the error in the title for this section for 6 years in a row. I will do better. But had it not been for Ruth’s keen eye and sharp editing pencil our journal would not have become the respected source of botanical research that it has. We remain indebted to her for correcting my many other errors. In this foreword to Volume Seven, the Oklahoma Native Plant Record mourns the passing of Ruth Boyd and of Larry Magrath, two of the Society’s long-time members. Larry Magrath was one of our major contributers of scientific papers. Had it not been for Larry’s willingness to submit significant articles and encourage others to do so, we would have had a very thin journal for the first three years. Both Larry and Ruth experienced poor health for several years, but continued to work with the Record,givingmetimetolearnhowtomanage without being overwhelmed by editorial responsibilities. With the passing of Ruth and Larry, we will all have to step up and accept more responsibility for passing on the legacy of botanical research in Oklahoma and our new staff of proof-readers will do their best to get it right. Yes, it takes more than one to replace Ruth. The Record will always need new authors, reviewers, proof-readers and editors. If we don’t step up and do it, no one else will. It’s time for each of us, perfect or not, to move forward, doing the most and the best that we can. To build a larger legacy for Oklahoma botany, one that is built on the best practices of research, we need to be open to allowing others to see our work and give us advice. With that comes responsibility. We must respect ownership of ideas. That’s why Oklahoma Native Plant Journal does not seek to own the work of our authors. We publish the articles while authors retain ownership and decide who else can use it. We believe in open sources and encourage open research. We look forward to receiving articles submitted to us in the future. In this volume Bruce Hoagland presents more articles based on data from the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory. One gives us an updated perspective on Charles S. Wallis’ work Vascular Plants of the Oklahoma Ozarks, which represents our historical article this year. Wallis was born in 1911 and compiled this flora for his PhD thesis at Oklahoma State University in 1959. Hoagland’s other contribution this year was done with Amy Buthod, as an inventory of vascular plants at the new Oklahoma Centennial Botanical Garden in Osage County. As part of our goal to encourage new authors, we enthusiastically present Caleb Stott’s The Need for Savanna Restoration in the Cross Timbers. It is a review of relevant literature regarding one of Oklahoma’s most endangered ecosystems. It is co-authored with Mike Palmer and Kelly Kindischer. In another article, Mike Palmer has also given us a great new research tool. It is a checklist for Oklahoma floras. He has gathered all the known published floras of Oklahoma and catalogued them in tabular form, referencing geographic, topographic, and taxonomic data to a bibliography of 85 references for Oklahoma flora. With this volume, The Oklahoma Native Plant Record continues to bring you interesting and valuable scientific works which will enhance the purpose of the Society, to promote the study, protection, propagation, appreciation, and use of native plants of Oklahoma. Thank you for your support. Sheila Strawn, Editor 4 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Vascular Plants of the Oklahoma Ozarks

By Charles S. Wallis

Submittedo t the Faculty of the Graduate School of Oklahoma

State University in partial fullfillment of the requirements

for the degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

May, 1959

After the completion of a floristic study of Cherokee County, the author saw the need for such a study of the entire Oklahoma Ozarks.

Therefore, his original collection of about 1,400 sheets was expanded to about 7,000 sheets between the years of 1953 and 1958. All of these are deposited in the Herbarium of Oklahoma State University. Duplicates of many of these are in the author’s private museum at Fort Gibson, Oklahoma.

Also, triplicates of collections made during the last two years are deposited in the Herbarium of Southern Methodist University at Dallas, Texas. The author has supplemented data obtained from his own collections with those derived from 497 sheets which have been deposited in the

Herbarium of Oklahoma State University by earlier collectors.

A few stations were established for repeated collecting in order to study the seasonal changes of plant societies. These are discussed in

Chapter IV. Prairie, hill, and valley habitats were the basis for the selection of these stations, but most of the collecting was for general distribution throughout the Ozarks.

Monographs, revisions, and other recent taxonomic literature in the

Oklahoma State University Library were used whenever possible in identifying the specimens. The order of listing of the families conventionally follows the Engler-Prantl system as delineated in the eighth edition of Gray’s Manual of Botany (43). Each species in the list is followed with the general habitats and counties in which one or more specimens were collected. Those specimens which were found to be new to the state and which have been reported within the last six years are relisted in Chapter V.

The author wishes to express his appreciation to each of the members of his committee for their guidance and suggestions. He is especially grateful to Dr. U.T. Waterfall for acting as chairman of his committee, for his example as a teacher of taxonomy, and for the use of his personal card index of monographic and research literature.

Editor’s notes: This is Wallis’ original thesis including his chapter, “Ecology: General Distribution” that lists species in each of his study sites by seasons. However, it does not include his “List of Species and Habitats”. To avoid redundancy and to make that list more useable for current biologists, its nomenclature has been updated and included in Bruce Hoagland’s “A Checklist for the Vascular Flora of Ozark Plateau in Oklahoma” that immediately follows. That Checklist is marked to indicate which species Wallis listed, as well as non-native species listed in the Oklahoma Vascular Plant Database for the Oklahoma Ozarks. Charles Sparkman Wallis’ private library is currently housed in the Bebb Herbarium (OKL) at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK. (SS)

Wallis, C.S. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100051 5 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Oklahoma Ozarks and the Boston PHYSICAL FEATURES Mountain Province in the southern one—third. The Salem Platform is Location and Area entirely in Arkansas and Missouri. The topography of the The name Oarks or Ozarks was Springfield Plain is that of a taken from the contraction of the deeply dissected plateau with French words aux arcs and has been surface cherts and limestones of applied to an uplift area the Mississippian Boone formation. occupying some 40,000 square miles In the Boston Province is a narrow of Arkansas, Missouri, and belt of rugged topography formed Oklahoma (79:234). This Ozark by the northeast trending faults. region of Oklahoma is in the The resulting fault blocks have northeastern corner of the state steep escarpment faces and gentle with natural boundaries formed by dip slopes capped by the resistant the Grand (Neosho) River on the Atoka sandstones. Deep valleys west and the Arkansas River on the have been cut through the ridges south. by stream erosion, and the major There are approximately drainage pattern is developed in 3,351 square miles of land and 52 the softer shales and limestone square miles of lakes in the paralleling the faulting. Oklahoma Ozarks. Computation by The highest elevation in the counties in square miles from Oklahoma Ozarks is a 1,750 foot General Highway County Maps contour line three miles east of prepared by the Oklahoma Muskrat Mountain (48). The Department of Highways is as contrasting low area, a 400 foot follows: contour line, is found where the Arkansas River leaves Oklahoma at County Land Area Lake Area the southeast corner of Sequoyah Adair 569 0 County (49). Thus a 30-mile line Cherokee 760 11 along the Oklahoma-Arkansas border Delaware 657 15 will intersect at the high and low Mayes 261 10 points of the Oklahoma Ozarks. Muskogee 114 3 Ottawa 296 10 Topography by Counties (113) Sequoyah 694 3 Adair County is quite hilly, All of the lakes, except but many of the hills and ridges Horseshoe Lake, are of the have flat tops wide enough to reservoir type. They are Fort produce considerable level areas. Gibson Reservoir and Lake of the Some of the deeper valleys cut Cherokees on the Grand River; into the Chester formation and Tenkiller Ferry Reservoir on the lowermost Pennsylvanian formation. Illinois River; Greenleaf Lake on Baron Fork drains the northern Greenleaf Creek; and Upper and part of the county into the Lower Spavinaw Lakes on Spavinaw Illinois River, and Sallisaw Creek Creek. drains the southern part into the Arkansas River. Geology Cherokee County is well dissected into the lower The Ozark Uplift is a broad Pennsylvanian formations by asymmetrical cone which consists streams, with the largest valleys of three physiological provinces less than one mile in width. Flat- (57). Two of these extend into topped ridges produce the northeastern Oklahoma as the principle farming areas. Maynard Springfield Structural Plain in Bayou, Flowers, Clear, and Ranger the northern two-thirds of the creeks are some of the western

Wallis, C.S. 6 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 streams draining into Grand River except that remaining between the which forms part of the western rock crevices. However, this soil boundary. The Illinois River is fertile enough to support a enters the county from the good growth of trees. The level northeast and flows south through uplands have soils that reach a the eastern half of the county. depth of ten or more feet, and Delaware County's surface is where they are free from chert quite rough with many of the they are dark red sandy-loams. broad, flat-top hills having small The soils of the narrow prairies on them. Generally, the valleys are generally very cherty valleys are narrow and steep- but quite productive. The larger sided. Grand River in the northern river valleys have the most part of the county with its productive soils of all. They are tributaries drains most of the basically the sediments from the area. The southern part is drained higher Boone areas. into the Grand River by way of Spavinaw Creek. The eastern part of Mayes CLIMATE (126) County is in the Ozarks and the western part in the Prairie Plains The Oklahoma Ozarks have a region. The Ozark area is quite continental type of weather which hilly and is drained by Spavinaw is characterized by a pronounced Creek. seasonal range in temperatures. The small northeastern part Almost invariably the high summer of Muskogee County in the Ozarks temperature occurs with clear drains into the Arkansas River. skies and is attended by dry, The best farming land in the moderate winds. Severe droughts Ozarks is located in the flood are produced when hot winds plains of the Grand and Arkansas accompany these high temperatures. rivers. The summer nights are nearly Ottawa County is also in always cool because the clear both the Ozark and Prairie Plains skies and dry atmosphere permit regions. The southeastern part is rapid radiation of the heat. Rain hilly, but the northeastern part is general and most abundant in has extensive prairies east of the the spring to early summer and Grand River; a.k.a. Neosho River, sometimes may be abundant during the name often applied to the September and October. The portion of Grand River above the prevailing wind direction is junction with Spring River. southerly, although in December, Drainage is into the Grand River January, and February northerly by way of Spring and Neosho winds predominate. rivers. Prior to 1941, the available records give for the state‘s Ozark Soils (112) counties the average maximum and minimum temperatures in degrees The only formation of the Fahrenheit as follows: region which has sufficient area of rock outcrop to greatly Maximum Minimum influence the soil is the Boone County Temperature Temperature formation. Along the western edge Adair 114 -27 of the uplift, the Chester Cherokee 118 -23 formation produces a prairie of Delaware 114 -25 considerable extent from the town Mayes 117 -21 of Pryor to the northeast. Muskogee ll8 -14 Slopes are so steep on the Ottawa 114 -25 hillsides of the uplift that there Sequoyah 115 -10 is little or no surface soil

Wallis, C.S. 7 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

The dates of killing frosts of Mayes 47.8 28.3 40.3 28.5 last and first average appearance 33.2 33.5 60.4 35.4 with number of days in growing Muskogee 48.4 32.5 34.1 22.8 season as follows: 29.2 26.8 56.3 45.5 Ottawa ---- 30.4 27.6 32.8 County Appearance Growing 36.9 32.2 49.6 52.6 First Last Season Sequoyah 52.7 35.2 40.3 33.5 Adair April 10 October 27 200 30.2 32.0 68.4 57.9 Cherokee April 6 October 30 207 Delaware March 31 October 31 214 Mayes April 3 October 31 211 TAXONOMIC HISTORY Muskogee March 26 November 4 223 Ottawa April 21 October 28 207 One of the earliest Sequoyah March 31 November 3 217 botanists to visit the Oklahoma and Arkansas Ozarks was Thomas The average annual precipitation, Nuttall. On July 11, 1819 he in inches is given as follows: passed the mouth of the Illinois River and encountered a three to County Precipitation four foot cascade in the Arkansas Adair 46.84 River about four miles above its Cherokee 41.17 confluence with the Illinois. Delaware 44.39 Nuttall (83:233) records: Mayes 43.54 The variety of trees which Muskogee 39.50 commonly form the North American Ottawa 41.93 forest here begin very sensibly to Sequoyah 41.79 diminish. We now scarcely see any other than the smooth-barked In late spring eastern cottonwood, the elm, box-elder Oklahoma and the adjoining states (Acer Negundo), curled maple (Acer receive, on the average, more dasycarpon), and ash, all of them rainfall than any other part of reduced in stature. From hence the the country east of the Rocky forest begins to disappear before Mountains. the pervading plain. Some of the lowest annual Nuttall (83:234) reached the precipitations ever recorded in mouth of the Verdigris River by the weather history of the state July 14 On the alluvial lands occurred during the eight-year between the Grand and Verdigris period of the author’s plant rivers he saw “... larger trees collecting experience. The than ... since leaving Port Smith. following United States Weather Among them were lofty scarlet Bureau (127) annual precipitation oaks, ash, and hackberry, and records start with 1951 as wet to whole areas of nettles (Urtica about average, through dry to very divaricata)... .” dry years, and end with 1958 as By July 17, with two another average to wet year. These companions, Nuttall (83:241) records in inches per year by started a two day trip by canoe up county are as follows: the Grand River to visit the Osage Saltworks on some cliffs, on the County 195l 1952 1953 1954 18th, he ...recognized as new, a 1955 1956 1957 l958 large shrub... a simple leaved Adair 43.5 37.6 36.2 30.3 Rhus, scarcely distinct from R. 39.1 36.3 62.7 51.6 cotinus of the south of Europe and Cherokee 46.8 30.8 37.4 25.1 our gardens... The gravel bars 36.9 33.7 58.6 46.6 were almost covered with Amsonia Delaware 47.8 26.0 30.6 34.2 salicifolia, with which grew the 32.8 36.7 57.4. 43.1 Sesbania macrocarpa of Florida.

Wallis, C.S. 8 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

That evening, two miles Edward James was the second below the Osage Saltworks (50 botanist to enter the Oklahoma miles above the Arkansas River), Ozarks when his party crossed the Nuttall (83 :242) notes that ... Arkansas River between Muskogee “In this elevated alluvion I and Sequoyah counties. The day still observed the coffee-bean (September 10, 182O) was spent in tree (Gymnocladus canadensis),the trying to work their way through over—cup white oak (Querciis “a dense and almost impenetrable macrocarpa), the pecan (Carya cane-brake,” where no vestige of a o1ivaeformis), the common hickory, path could be found. On September ash, elm, and below, in places 11 they resumed their trip to Fort near the margin of the river, the Smith (79:236). poplar-leaved birch (Betula Fort Gibson was established populifolia).” by General Arbuckle in l824, the Nuttall (83:244) had his same year that Fort Smith was first attack of an intermittent abandoned by the Army (79:444). fever, so he left the nearly Zina Pitcher, surgeon in the deserted Osage Saltworks on July United States Army, was stationed 20, “...and proceeded, by compass, at Fort Gibson from 183l to 1834. across the Great Osage Plain, When his duties permitted, he towards the mouth of the collected plants for John Torrey Verdigris.” (79:286). The saltworks were nearly Another botanist to visit deserted due to the murder of Mr. Fort Gibson was Charles Joseph Campbell by Erhart, his late Latrobe in company with Washington partner, and two accomplices. Irving and Count Albert Pourtales Nuttal (83:242) comments, “I could (67). Neither Latrobe nor any not but congratulate myself on other member of the party having escaped, perhaps a similar displayed much interest in fate. At the Cadron, I had made collecting plants during their one application to Childer’s, one of month of hunting in the Indian these remorseless villains, as a Territory (79:386) woodsman and hunter, to accompany The German botanist, me for hire, only about a month Heinrich Karl Beyrich, made use of before he had shot and barbarously army protection during his journey scalped Mr. Campbell, ...” from St. Louis to Fort Gibson and In Nuttall’s Collections thence to the cross timbers in Towards a Flora the Territory of l834. Lasigue in his Musee’ Arkansas (84:165-l68), are botanigne de M. Benjamin Delessert recorded Amaranthus tamariscinus (page 466) stated that, on the and Betula populifolia as return trip, “Beyrich was attacked collected from the banks of Grand by Cholera and died at Fort Gibson River. Euphorbia heterantha was in September l834” (79:386, 583). listed as being found “on the In 1845 J. W. Albert and sandy banks of the Arkansas from party followed the Arkansas River Fort Smith to Salt River.” Other on their way to St. Louis. On specimens from areas outside the October 20th Albert observed on Ozarks but in close proximity are: the way that they Alisina rostrata (84:l59) “in the “...found some of the fruit of ponds of the Verdigris River of the pawpaw, (Ammona triloba), and Arkansas,” Rivina portulaccoides black walnuts ... had been seen... (84 :167) “on the alluvial lands among the sylva, the elm, and of the Verdigris River near its various species of the oak and confluence with the Arkansas,” and hickory, among the latter, the Euphorbia obtusata (8:172) “on the bitternut hickory (Juglans banks of the Arkansas from the aurata)... as well as the Verdigris to Salt River.” buttonwood and spicewood (79:939).

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During the Civil War, Fort C. H. Fitch (47) in 1900 Gibson was reactivated and given reported on woodland of the Indian the temporary name of Fort Blunt. Territory by township and range. Dr. Edward Palmer was stationed The timber was simply listed as there during July and August of oak, ash, elm, hickory, pecan, 1863. The Battle of Honey Springs walnut, cottonwood, etc. was fought on July 17th some 15 C. N. Gould (55) in 1903 miles south of Muskogee. In spite made a list of trees, shrubs, and of military duties, Palmer found vines of the Cherokee Nation. time to collect a few plants, one Other collections from the of which, (Clitoria mariana), is Oklahoma Ozarks, now deposited in in the United States National the Oklahoma State University Herbarium (82:2O8). Palmer again Herbarium, are those of R. Bebb, visited “Fort Gibson, Arkansas” G. W. Stevens, and U. T. with General Leavenworth’s party Waterfall. in late January of 1868. They left soon after the first of February (82:35-36). ECOLOGY Butler (9) reported on a collection from the Oklahoma General Distribution Ozarks. It included Monarda Bruner (8) recognizes two Bradburiana Beck from the Cherokee main forest areas in Oklahoma. Nation. These are the deciduous forest The Cherokee and Creek formation with oak-hickory Nations were visited by M. A. associations occupying the Carleton (11) early in the spring Oklahoma Ozarks in the northeast of 189l. Some of the plants which part of the state and the Ouachita he located simply as “Muscogee” or Mountains in the southeast with “Muscogee, Arkansas River” may the oak—hickory savannah of the have been collected north of the Arkansas valley region separating Arkansas River (which is only the two. An extreme northeast tip about one and one-half miles to of the Andropogon associes of the the northeast). prairie plains extends from the Species identified and Neosho to Spring rivers in the listed by Holzinger (63) are: vicinity of Miami, Pitcher, and Ranunculus abortivus L., var. Quapaw of Ottawa County. micranthus Gray, Ilex decidua The most common oak—hickory Walt., Lathyrus pusillus Eli., association is Quercus velutina, Crataegus arborescens Ell., Carya tomentosa and C. ovalis. Oenothera linifolia Nutt., 0. Where the tops of the hills become speciosa Nutt., Polytaenia more xeric, Quercus marylandica Nuttallii DC., Viburnum and stellata replace Q. velutina prunifolium L., Bellis with Ulmus alata as another common integrifolia Michx., Erigeron tree. Considerable stands of Pinus philadeiphicus L., Myosotis verna echinacea are occasionally found Nutt., Gratiola virginiana L., on the sides and tops of the Veronica arvensis L., Pedicularis cherty hills, especially near canadensis L., Plantago pusilla Salina in Mayes County, Tahlequah Nutt., Sisyrinchiuni bellum in Cherokee County, and Jay in Watson, Hypoxis erecta L., Carex Delaware County. Further down the granularis Muhl., C. grisea Wahl. sides of the larger hills and into var. globosa Bailey, Q. the narrow valleys will be found Muhlenbergii Schkuhr var. Quercus rubra and Q. Muhlenbergii australis Olney, C. riparia W. with occasional Carya cordiformis Curtis, C. tetanica Schkuhr var. plus C. ovata and some C. Meadii Bailey, C. triceps Michx., tomentosa. The larger valleys of and C. varia Muhl. creeks and rivers have Quercus

Wallis, C.S. 10 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Muhlenbergii and Q. macrocarpa species are listed later on in with Carya cordiformis and C. this chapter. Illinoensis. Considerable numbers Where the oak—hickory woods of scattered Castanea ozarkensis of the hills border on the larger are found in the wooded hills from prairie areas, the woods are of a northern Cherokee and Adair more open type and have such trees counties northward. Several as: Quercus marilandica, Q. Quercus nigra trees are found in stellata, Ulmus alata, U. the valleys southeast and east of Americana, Celtis tenuifolia, Sallisaw in Sequoyah County. In Sassafras albidum var. molle, the Marble City area of Sallisaw Gleditsia triacanthos, Bumelia Creek in Sequoyah County are lanuginosa var. oblongifolia,and several specimens of Carya ovalis. Diospyros virginiana. The smaller The forests in the larger trees and undershrubs are valleys have many species of represented by: Crataegus crus- trees as well as undershrubs and galli, C. viridis, Prunus herbs. Some of the more hortulana, Rosa setigera var. common trees other than those tomentosa, Rubus aboriginum,R. listed above are: Populus mollior,R.ozarkensis, Cercis deltoides, Salix nigra, Juglans canadensis, Rhus copallina var. nigra, Ulmus americana, U. rubra, latifolia, R. glabra, Cornus Celtis laevigata, Morus rubra, Drummondii,andSymphoricarpos Platanus occidentalis, Prunus orbiculatus. serotina, Gymnocladus diocia, Acer Several stations were saccharinum,A.Negundo, Diospyros selected for study, and intensive virginiana,andFraxinus collecting was done at each one in pennsylvanica. Some of the more order to show the seasonal aspect. prominent undershrubs are: Lindera From these seventeen stations the Benzoin, Cercis canadensis, Prunus following were selected: a prairie mexicana, Ilex decidua, station three miles east of Fort Cornus Drummondi,andViburnum Gibson on U. S. Highway 62 in rufidulum. The lianas Muskogee County because of its include: Smilax Bona-nox, Rhus southwest position in the Arkansas radicans, Ampelopsis cordata. valley and its oak-hickory Parthenocissus quinguefolia, and savannah; a prairie station one- Vitis vulpina. half mile northeast of Quapaw on Many small prairies are U.S. Highway 66 in Ottawa County located on some of the broader because of its prairie plains flat-top hills and along the location; a double station at southern and western borders of Dripping Springs five and one-half the forests where they meet the miles west of Siloam Springs, Arkansas valley and the prairie Arkansas, on U.S. Highway 59 in region. The best areas of these Delaware County because of its have been put under cultivation, canyon-like valley and hill and only the more irregular steep- combination; a pond station one- sloped, or low portions have been half mile southeast of Blackgum on left in native grasses. Even these State Highway 100 in Sequoyah are not suited for complete study County because of its protection from mid—summer through fall from livestock for one and one- because they are mowed for hay. In half years; and a general hill fact, every portion of the station in the Brushy Mountains Oklahoma Ozarks has had twelve miles northeast of Sallisaw disturbances by man in some form on U.S. Highway 59 in Sequoyah or other such as: fire, cutting of County. timber, livestock grazing, or cultivation. The common prairie

Wallis, C.S. 11 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Fort Gibson Prairie Station Claytonia virginica, Anemone caroliniana forma caroliniana, The common vernal species Delphinium carolinianum var. are: Vulpia octoflora, Carex crispum, Ranunculus fascicularis Crawei, Fimbristy1is Drummondii, var. apricus, Psoralea tenuiflora Tradescantia ohiensis, var. floribunda, Viola sagittata, Nothoscordum bivalve, Zigadenus Polytaenia Nuttallii, Dodecatheon Nuttallii, Hypoxis hirsuta, Meadia formas album and Meadia, Sisyrinchium varians, Claytonia Asclepias hirtella,A.viridis, virginica, Arenaria patula forma Castilleja coccinea coccinea, media, Stellaria Nuttallii, Penstemon tubaeflorus, Plantago Delphinium carolinianum var. aristata, Houstonia patens, Nortonianum, Rosa carolina var. Lobelia appendiculata, Antennaria villosa, Baptisia leucophaea var. campestris, Erigeron strigosus, leucophaea, Psoralea tenuiflora Krigia Dandelion, and K. var. floribunda, Asclepias occidentalis. viridis, Penstemon tubaeflorus, The common aestival species Plantago aristata, P. virginica, are: Andropogon Gerardi var. Achillea lanulosa, Echinacea Gerardi, Panicum capillare var. pallida, Erigeron strigosus, capillare,P.praecocius, Krigia Dandelion,K.occidentalis, Sorghastrum nutans, Triodia flava, and Serinia oppositifolia. T. stricta,Strophostyles The common aestival species leiosperma, Gaura biennis var. are: Andropogon Gerardi var. Pitcheri, Eryngium yuccifolium Gerardi,A.saccharoides, var. synchaetum, Physostegia Eragrostis capillaris, Manisuris angustifolia, Ruellia humilis var. cylindrica, Panicum virgatum, 1ongiflora, Achillea lanulosa, Paspalum ciliatifolium var. Boltonia latisquama, Coreopsis Muhlenbergii, Sporobolus asper grandiflora var. grandiflora, var. Hookeri, Triodia flava,T. Liatris pycnostachya,and stricta, Cyperus filiculmis, Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima. Potentilla simplex var. simplex, The common serotinal species Dalea candida, Desmodium are: Salvia azurea var. sessilifolium, Schrankia grandiflora, Aster ericoides, A. Nuttallii, Croton mona anthogynus, hemisphericus, A. pilosus, and Euphorbia corollata var. Solidago canadensis var. paniculata, Gaura biennis var. gilvocanescens. Pitcheri, Ptilimnium Nuttallii, Physostegia angustifoila, Ruellia Dripping Springs Valley Station humilis var. longiflora, Gaillardia fastigiata, Rudbeckia The common trees and hirta var. pulcherrima,and undershrubs are: Juglans nigra, Silphium laciniatum var. Ostrya virgiana var. lasia, laciniatum. Quercus alba, Ulmus americana, The common serotinal species Morus rubra, Lindera Benzoin var. are: Salvia azurea var. Benzoin, Hydrangea arborescens grandiflora, Aster ericoides, A. var. arborescens, Platanus praealtus, Solidago altissima,and occidentalis, Prunus S. missouriensis var. fasciculata. serotina,Cercis canadensis, Rhus radicans, Cornus florida, Quapaw Prairie Station Rhododendron canescens, Diospyros virginiana, Fraxinus american. The common vernal species var. americana,andViburnum are: Vulpia octoflora, Carex rufidulum. Crawei, Allium canadense var. The common vernal species mobilense, Camassia scilloides, are: Panicum Boscii, Carex Erythronium albidum var. Frankii,C.lurida, Arisaema mesochoreum, Hypoxis hirsuta,

Wallis, C.S. 12 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 atrorubens formas viride and Dianthus Ameria, Anemonella zebrinum, Saururus cernuus, thalictroides, Arabis Claytonia virginica, Dianthus missouriensis, Cardamine Armeria, Stellaria media, Anemone parviflora var. arenicola, virginiana, Anemonella Amelanchier arboea, Oxalis thalictroides, Aquilegia violaceae, var. trichophora, canadensis var. latiuscu1a, Kitalbeliana var. Rafinesquii,V. Ranunculus recurvatus, Cardamine pedata var. lineariloba, Vaccinium bulbosa, Saxifraga virginiensis stamineum, Houstonia patens, var. subintegra, Cercis Atennaria plantaginifolia, canadensis, Vicia minutiflora, Erigeron strigosus, Gnaphallum Geranium maculatum, Viola purpureum, and Krigia virginica. pensylvanica var. pensylvanica, V. The common aestival species triloba var. dilatata, are: Panicum malacophyllum, P. Chaerophyllum tainturieri var. praecocius, Bulbostylis tainturieri, Cornus florida, capillaris, Carex Bushii, Cyperus Rhododendron canescens, Glechoma ovularis var. sphaericus, hederacea var. micrantha, Rhynchosia latifolia, Schrankia Houstonia purpurea, Viburnum Nuttalii, Stylosanthes biflora rufidulum, Neclo aureus,andS. var. hispidissima, Tephrosia obovatus var. rotundus. virgniana, Crotonopsis elliptica, The common aestival species Ascyrum hypericoides, Torilis are: Adiantum Capillus-Veneris, japonica, Asclepias verticillata, Asplenium platyneuron, Polystichum Monarda fistulosa var. fistulosa, acrostichoides, Parietaria Pycnanthemum tenuifolium, Solarium pensylvanica, Hydrangea carolinense var. albiflorum, arboreacens var. arborescens, Verbascum thapsus, Ruellia humilis Impatiens capensis, and var. longiflora, Dipsacus Scutellaria ovata var. ovata. sylvestris, Lobelia spicata var. The common serotinal species leptostachys, Erigeron annuus, are: Boehmeria cylindrica var. Hieracium Gronovii, Lactuca cylindrica, Pilea pumila, canadensis var. latifolia,and Polygonum pensylvanicum var. Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima. laevigata,P.punctatum var. The common serotinal species leptostachyum, Chenopodium are: Andropogon scoparius, Standlevanum, Acalypha rhomboidea, Gerardia Gattingeri, Aster Perilla frutescens, and Erechtites anomalus,andA. hieracifolia var. praealta. turbinellus.

Dripping Springs Hill Station Blackgum Pond Station The common trees and Trees and undershrubs are: undershrubs are: Juniperus Salix nigra and Cephalanthus virginiana, Carya ova1is, C. occidentalis. tomentosa, Quercus alba, Q. The common vernal species stellata, Q. velutina, Celtis are: Potamogeton diversifolius, tenuifolia var. georgiana, Cyperus virens, Scirpus Amelanchier arborea, Rubus koilolepis, Juncus brachycarpus, frutifer, Rhus aromatica var. J. diffusissimus, J. interior, J. serotina, R. copallina var. marginatus, J. validus, Ranunculus latifolia, R. glabra, Vaccinium laxicaulis, Gratiola neglecta, and stamineum, and Symphoricarpos Lindernia anagallidea. orbiculatus. The common aestival species The common vernal species are: Sagittaria ambigua, are: Danthonia spicata var. Echinochloa crusgalli, Rotala longipila, Luzula bulbosa, Hypoxis ramosior var. interior, Rhexia hirsuta, Comandra Richardsiana, interor, Ludwigia alternifolia

Wallis, C.S. 13 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 var. alternifolia,L.glandulosa are: Desmodium paniculatum, Aster var. glandulosa, Hydrolea ovata, azureus var. azureus,A.patens. Verbena hastata, Gratiola A. pilosus, A. turbinellus, virginiana, Cephalanthus Liatris squarrosa var. hirsuta, occidentalis, and Helenium and Solidago petriolaria var. flexuosum. Wardii. The common serotinal Two other stations were of species are:. Eleocharis special interest because a few of lanceolata, Polygonum the species found were near the hydropiperoidea var. Bushianum, P. extreme limit of their range. pensylvanicum var. laevigatum, P. These are the Arkansas River sands punctatum var. leptostachyum, three and one-half miles south of Gerardia fasciculata, G. Fort Gibson in Muskogee County, heterophylla, Bidena polylepis, because of some western species, Boltonia diffusa var. interior, and the Keyough Bluff station and B. latisquama. three miles north of Fort Gibson, because of some eastern and Brushy Mountains Station southeastern species. Western species of the The common trees and Arkansas River sands include: undershrubs are: Carya tomentosa, Cenchrus pauciflous, Cycloloma Quercus marilandica,Q.stellata, atriplicifolium, Dalea lanata, Ulmus alata, Amelanchier arborea, Euphorbia hexagona, Heliotropium Prunus americana, Rhus aromatica, convolvulaceum,and R. copallina var. latifolia, and Lippia incisa. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus. Eastern species of the The common vernal species Keyough Bluffs are: Camptosorus are: Vulpia octoflora, Hypoxis rhizophyllus, Asarum canadense hirsuta Claytonia virginica, var. acuminatum, Rivina humilis, Arenaria patu1a forma media, Rubus occidentalis, Cladrastis Anemonella thalictroides, lutea, Cotinus obovatus, and Acer Ranunculus fascicularis var. saccharum. apricus,R.Harveyi, Viola pedata var. lineariloba,V.Kitaibeliana var. Rafinesguil, Oenothera ADDITIONS TO THE STATE FLORA linifolia, Dodecatheon Meadia forma album, Collinsia violacea, Those taxa preceded by an Ruellia humilis var. longiflora, asterisk have not been reported Plantago aristata, Hustonia previously as additions to the patens, Valerianella longiflora, state flora. All of the others Antennaria plantaginifo1ia, have been reported in the Astranthium integrifolium,and Proceedings of the Oklahoma Erigeron strigosus. Academy of Science (128, 135) as The common aestival species additions to the state flora from are: Andropogon scoparius, the Oklahoma Ozarks. Danthonia spicata var. longipila, Eragrostis capillaris, Manisuras Elodea Nuttallii (Planch.) St. John; cylindrica, Dalea candida, shallow pools of Illinois River Crotonopsis elliptica, Hypericum and Flint Creek; Cherokee and Drummondii,H.pseudomaculatum, Delaware counties. Daucus pusillus, Ptilimnium *Arisaema atrorubens (Ait.) Blume, Nuttallii, Spermolepis divaricata, forma viride (Engler) Diodi teres var. setifera, Fern. The following specimens are Ambrosia bidentata, Helenium so identified because of the amara, Heterotheca pilosa,and “spathe green, without or with Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima. only faint stripes” (43): Wallis The common serotinal species 6595-1 from wooded base of bluffs

Wallis, C.S. 14 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

on Ballard Creek, 1 mile south of Sequoyah counties. Watts in Adair County, Wallis 3626 Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh, var. from wooded base of a hill, 14½ glabrata Gleason; woods of a small miles northeast of Tahlequah in creek; Cherokee County. Cherokee County and Wallis 3658 Hypericum gentianoides (L.) BSP.; from Dripping Springs valley, 5½ oak-hickory woods of a hill; miles west of the state line in Delaware County. Delaware County. Both forma Lamium amplexicaule L., forma zebrlnum and forma viride were albiflorum D. M. Moore; road-side; found growing together in Cherokee Cherokee County. and Delaware counties. *Leonurus sibiricus L. is represented *Tradescantla Ernestiana Anders. & by Wallis 7673 from oak-hickory Woodson, forma alba Waterfall; woods and roadside, 23 miles flint bluffs; type specimen is northeast of Tahlequah in Adair Walls 395 from Cherokee County County, and Wallis 792 and 933 (132), also collected later from from open roadsides, 8.7 miles Delaware and Muskogee counties. northeast of Tahlequah in Cherokee Aletris farinosa L; low areas in a County. The “10-nerved, scarcely prairie; Delaware County. angled” calyx and conspicuous Allium vineale L., forma compactum bracts “half to fully as long as (Thuill.). Aschers.; along the calyx” (53) as well as leaves roadsides; Adair, Delaware, “deeply 3-7 cleft and incised” Ottawa, and Sequoyah counties. (43) separate this species from Allium vineale L., forma vineale; the less common L. Cardica. along roadside; Delaware County. Melissa officinalis L.; in valley of Iris virginica L., var. Shrevei a spring-fed creek; Mayes County. (Small) E. Andera.; Shallows *Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng., of spring—fed creeks; Cherokee and forma lutescens Farw. was Ottawa counties. collected as Wallis 6652, 6684, Urtica dioica L.; wooded bank of Lost and 6840. They are hairy annuals Creek; Ottawa County. with yellow floral bracts (43) as Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood; in a compared to the red bracts of the wooded valley; Cherokee County. abundant forma coccinea. Both Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.; woods formas were found growing together of a creek; Cherokee County. in prairie areas, ½ mile northeast C1ematis virginiana L.; fence row in of Quapaw in Ottawa County and ½ a creek valley; Cherokee County. mile north and 1 mile west of Delphinium tricorne Michx., forma Peggs in Cherokee and Mayes albiflora Millsp.; woods of Flint counties. Creek; Delaware County. Dipsacus sylvestris Huds.; wooded Draba aprica Beadle; woods of Falls hillsides; Cherokee and Delaware Branch; Cherokee County. counties. Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbas, Cacalia Muhlenbergii (Sch. Bip.); var. hispida (Desv.) Butt. & Abbe; wooded valleys; Adair, Delaware, valleys of Flint and sallisaw and Ottawa counties. creeks; Delaware and Sequoyah Liatris aspera Michx., var. aspera, counties. forma Benkii (Macbr.) Desmodium rigidum (Ell.) DC.; woods Fern.; prairie; Cherokee County. of hills; Delaware, Mayes, and

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SUMMARY Twenty four additions to the A floristic study of Oklahoma Flora were made by the Cherokee County from 1950 to 1953 author from this collection. These encouraged the author to undertake are listed separately as additions a similar study covering the to the state flora and also are entire Oklahoma Ozarks. The incorporated in the general Cherokee County collection of listing without any special 1,400 sheets was expanded to some references. 7,000 sheets between the years of 1953 and 1958. In addition to LITERATURE CITED these, the author revaluated 497 sheets of plants collected by For convenience of listing, a few others in the Oklahoma Ozarks. floras, manuals, and catalogues The identification of the have been included in this list of plants involved the use of 130 cited literature. These general monographic studies and other references are numbers 43, 53, 96, taxonomic literature. All of the 111, 115, 118, 131, and 134. plant collections studied by the author are deposited in the 1. Aellen, Paul and Theodor Just. Herbarium of the Oklahoma State 1934. Key and Synopsis University, and many duplicates of of the American Species of these are in the author’s private the Genus Chenopodium L. Am. museum at Fort Gibson, Oklahoma. Midl. Nat. 30: 47-76. Intensive collecting was 2. Bailey, L. H. 1945. The Genus done at 17 stations in order to Rubus in North America. study the seasonal changes of Gentes Herb. 5(9): 591-856. herbaceous plant societies, and 3. Barneby, R. C. 1956. Pugillus extensive collecting was done astragalorum XVIII: throughout the Oklahoma Ozarks for Miscellaneous Novelties and a general distribution study. The Reappraisals. Am. Midl. Nat. order of listing of the families 55: 477-503. follows that of the Engler-Prantl 4. Benson, Lyman. 1948. A Treatise system. Each species is on the North American accompanied with general habitats Ranunculi. Am. Midl. Nat. 40: and locations in which one or more 1-261. specimens have been collected. 5. Beetle, Alan Ackerman. 1947. Whenever a citation of a Scirpus. N. Am. Fl. 18(8): collection other than that of the 481-504 author’s was used, notation was 6. Blake, S. F. 1918. A Variety of made as to the collector and Smilax glauca. Rhod. 20: 78- collection number. 80. A total of 123 families 7. Boivin, Bernard. 1944. American represented by 534 genera and Thalictra and Their Old World 1,377 species and subordinate taxa Allies. Rhod. 46: 335-349, are listed. The families having 469-471, 480-483. the greatest numbers of species 8. Bruner, W. E. 1931. The and subordinate taxa were: Vegetation of Oklahoma. Compositae 192, Gramineae 150, Ecological Monographs. 1(2): Leguminosae 93, Cyperaceae 84, 193-111. Rosaceae 46, Labiatae 43, 9. Butler, G. D. 1878. A List of Scrophulariaccae 34, Cruciferae 3, Some of the Most Interesting Euphorbiaceae 33, Ranunculaceae Species of Plants Collected 32, and Liliaceae 30. These eleven in the Indian Territory. Bot. families contain 56 percent of the Gaz. 3: 65-68, 74-78. total species and subordinate taxa.

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10. Butters, F. K. and E. C. Abbe. Herbarium Expedition to Nova 1940. The American Varieties Scotia. Rhod. 23: 153-171, of Rorippa islandica. Rhod. 184-195, 223-246. 42: 25-32. 25. _____. 1922. Notes on 11. Carleton, M. A. 1892. Sparganium. Rhod. 24: 26-33. Observations on the Natural 26. _____. 1931. Potentilla Plants of Oklahoma Territory canadensis and P. simplex. and Adjacent Districts. Rhod. 33: 180-191. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 27. _____. 1932. The Linear-leaved 220-221. North American Species of 12. Cheney, R. H. 1925. A White Potamogeton, Section Form of Delphinium Ajacis. Axillares. Mem. Am. Acad. Rhod. 27: 139-142. Arts and Sciences 17: 1-183. 13. Constance, Lincoln. 1949. A 28. _____. 1933a. The Slender- Revision of Phacelia Subgenus spiked Spartina pectinata. Cosmanthus (Hydrophyllaceae). Rhod. 35: 258-260. Contr. Gray Herb. Harvard 29 _____. 1933b. Types of Some Univ. 168 Repr. American Species of Elymus. 14. Core, Earl L. 1936. The Rhod. 35: 187-198. American Species of Scleria. 30. _____. 1934a. Draba in Britt. 2: 1-105. Temperate Northeastern 15. _____. 1941. The North America. Rhod. 36: 241-261, American Species of 285-305, 314-344, 353-371, Paronychia. Am. Midl. Nat. 392-404. 26: 269-398. 31. _____. 1934b. Realignments in 16. _____.Cronquist, Arthur. 1947. the Genus Panicum. Rhod. 36: Revision of the North 61-87. American Species of Erigeron, 32. _____. 1934c. Some Transfers North of Mexico. Britt. 6(2): in Digitaria and Paspalum. 121-300. Rhod. 36: 19-22. 17.Dyal,S.C.1938.Valerianella 33. _____.1937. Plants of the in North America. Rhod. 40: Inner Coastal Plain of 185-212. Virginia. Rhod. 39: 449-450. 18. Erickson, Ralph O. 1943. 34. _____. 1938. Noteworthy Plants Taxonomy of Clematis Section of Southeastern Virginia. Viorna. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. Rhod. 40: 439. 30: 1-30. 35. _____. 1939. Last Surviors in 19. Fassett, Norman C. 1937. Notes the Flora of Tidewater From the Herbarium of the Virginia. Rhod. 41: 549. University of Wisconsin-XVI. 36. _____. 1940a. A Century of Rhod. 39: 460. Additions to the Flora of 20. _____. 1939. Notes from the Virginia. Rhod. 42: 489-491. Herbarium of the Univeristy 37. _____. 1940b. Some of Wisconsin-XVIII. Rhod. 41: Spermatophytes of Eastern 525. North America. Rhod. 42: 252, 21. _____. 1951. Callitriche in Pl. 599. the New World. Rhod. 53: 137- 38. _____. 1941a. Another Century 155, 161-182, 185-194, 209- of Additions to the Flora of 222. Virginia. Rhod. 43: 589-603. 22. Featherly, H. I. 1946. Manual 39. _____. 1941b. The Campestrian of the Grasses of Oklahoma. Variety of Froelichia 43(21). Res. Foundation of floridana Rhod. 43: 336. Oklahoma State Univ. 40. _____. 1943. Notes on 23. Ferguson, A.M. 1902. Crotons Danthonia. Rhod. 45: 239-246. of the United States. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 12: 33-74. 24. Fernald, M. L. 1921. The Gray

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41. _____. 1945a. Key to Kansas Acad. Sci. 18: 145- Antennaria of the “Manual 146. Range.” Rhod. 47: 221-235, 56. Greenman, J. M. 1916. 239-247. Monograph of the North and 42. _____. 1945b. Ruellia in the Central American Species of Eastern United States Rhod. the Genus Senecio-Part II. 47: 50-63. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 85- 43. _____. 1950. Gray’s Manual of 130. Botany. 8th ed. New York. 57. Haufman, George G. et al. American Book Company. 1958. Geology of the South 44. Fernald, M. L. and Ludlow and West Flanks of the Ozark Griscom. 1935. Three days of Uplift, Northeastern Botanizing in Southeastern Oklahoma. Okla. Geol. Survey, Virginia. Rhod. 37: 131-157, Bul. 77: 10-12. 167-189. 58. Hermann, Frederick J. 1936. 45. _____. 1937. Notes on Diodia. Diagnostic characteristics in Rhod. 39: 306-308. Lycopus. Rhod. 39: 373-375, 46. Fernald, M. L. and C. A. Pl. 439. Weatherby. 1922. Varieties of 59. _____. 1946. The Perennial Geum canadense. Rhod. 24: 47- Species of Urtica in the 49. United States East of the 47. Fitch, C. H. 1900. Woodland of Rocky Mountains. Am. Midl. Indian Territory. U.S. Geol. Nat. 35: 773-778. Surv. Rep. 21: 609-649. 60. Hitchcock, A. S. and Agnes 48. _____. 1901. Talequah Chase. 1950. Manual of the Quadrangle. Topographic Map, Grasses of the United States. U.S. Geol. Survey, Reprint Second ed. U. S. Gov’t. 1944. Print. Off. 49. _____. 1911. Sallisaw 61. Hitchcock, C. Leo. 1936. The Quadrangle. Topographic Map, Genus Leipidium in the United U.S. Geol. Survey, Reprint States. Modrono 3: 265-320. 1932. 62. Hodgdon, Albion R. 1938. A 50. Gaiser, L. O., 1946. The Genus Taxonomic Study of Lechea. Liatris. Rhod. 48: 163-183, Rhod. 40: 29-69, 87-92. 216-263, 273-326, 331-382, 63. Holzinger, J. M. 1892. List of 393-412. Plants Collected by C. S. 51. Gale, Shirley. 1944. Sheldon and M. A. Carelton in Rhynchospora, Section Indian Territory in 1891. Eurhynchospora, in Canada, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: the United States and the 202-219. West Indies. Rhod. 46: 89- 64. Hopkins, Milton. 1938. Arabis 134, 159-197, 207-249, 255- in Eastern and Central North 278. America. Rhod. 39: 63-76, 52. Gleason, Henry Allan. 1922. 155-167, 175-179. Vernoniaceae. N. am. Flora 65. _____. 1942. Cercis in North 33(1): 47-110. America. Rhod. 44: 193-211. 53. _____. 1952. New Britton and 66. Iltis, Hugh H. 1958. Studies Brown Illustrated Flora of in the Capparidaceae-IV the Northeastern United Polanisia Raf. Britt. 10: States and Adjacent Canada. 33-59. New York Bot. Gard. 67. Irving, W. 1835. Tour on the 54. Goodman, George J. 1950. ANew Prairies. Harlow Pub. Co. Variety of Saxifraga. Rhod. Okla. City. 1926: 8-10, 222. 52: 183. 68. Isely, Duane. 1953. Desmodium 55. Gould, C. N. 1903. Notes on Paniculatum (L.) DC. and D. Trees, Shrubs and Vines in viridiflorum (L) DC. Am. the Cherokee Nation. Trans. Midl. Nat. 49: 926-933.

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69. Jones, George Neville. 1940. A American West. Univ. of Okla. Monograph of the Genus Press, Norman. Symphoriacarpos. Arnold 83. Nuttall, T. 1821. A Journey of Arboretum Journ. 21: 201-232. Travels into Arkansa 70. Larisey, Mary Maxine. 1940. A Territory During the Year Monograph on the Genus 1819. Philadelphis. Repr. in Baptisia. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. Early Western Travels V. 13. 27: 119-244. 84 _____. 1837. Collections Toward 71. Lewis, Harlan. 1945. A a Flora of the Territory of Revision of the Genus Arkansas. American Trichostema. Britt. 5: 289- Philosophical Transactions. 291. Philadelphia V. (n.S.). 72. Mackenzie, Kenneth K. 1940. 85. Ogden, E. C. 1945. The Broad- North American Cariceae. 1 leaved Species of Potamogeton and 2: pl. 1-539. N.Y. Bot. of North America North of Gard. Mexico. 73. Mathias, Mildred E. and 86. Ownby, Gerald B. 1947. A Lincoln Constance. 1945. Monograph of the North Umbelliferae. N. Am. Flora. American Species of 28B: 43-295. Corydalis. Ann. Mo. Bot. 74. Munz, Philip A. 1938. Studies Gard. 34(3): 187-252. in Onagraceae XI. A Revision 87. Ownbey, Marion. 1950. Allium, of the Genus Gaura. Bull. the Genus in Texas. Research Tor. Bot. Cl. 65: 195-122, Studies of State College of 211-228. Wash. 18(4): 181-222. 75. _____. 1944. Studies in 88. Ownbey, Marion and Hannan C Onagraceae XIII. The American Aase. 1955. Cytotaxonomic Species of Ludwigia. Bull. Studies in Allium. 1. The Tor. Bot. Cl. 71: 152-165. Allium Canadense Alliance. 76. McClintock, Elizabeth and Carl Research Studies of the State Epling. 1942. A Revision of College of Wash. Monographic the Genus Monarda (Labiatae). sup. 1: 1-106. Univ. of Calif. Publ. in Bot. 89. Palmer, Ernest J. 1931. 20(2): 147-194. Conspectus of the Genus 77. McCoy, Doyle. 1954. The Genus Amorpha. Journ. Arn. Arb. 12: Lythrum in Oklahoma. Proc. 159-196. Okla. Acad. Sci. 33: 156-158. 90. _____. 1932. Leaves from a 78. McGregor, R. L. 1947. Two Collector’s Note Book. Journ. Varieties of Cystopteris Arn. Arb. 12: 436. fragilis. Am. Fern Journ. 40: 91. Pennell, Francis W. 1935. 201-207. Scrophulariaceae of Eastern 79. McKelvey, Susan Delano. 1955. Temperate North America. Botanical Exploration of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Trans-Mississippi West 1790- Monog. 1. 1850. Jamaica Plain, Mass. 92. Perdue, Robert E. Jr. 1957. Arn. Arb. Harvard Univ. Synopsis of Rudbeckia 80. McVaugh, Rogers. 1936. Studies Subgenus Rudbeckia. Rhod. 59: in the Distribution of the 293-299. Eastern North American 93. Perry, Lily M. 1933. A Species of Lobelia. Rhod. 38: Revision of the North 241-263, 276-282, 305-329, American Species of Verbena. 346-362. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 20: 239- 81. _____. 1943. Campanulaceae 362. (Lobelioideae). N. Am. Fl. 94. _____. 1937. Notes on 32(A)1: 36-82. Silphium. Rhod. 39: 281-297. 82. _____. 1956. Edward Palmer 95. _____. 1937. Variants in Two Plant Explorer of the Species of Delphinium (D.

Wallis, C.S. 19 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

carolinianum, D. virescens). of a Portion of North-eastern Rhod. 39: 20-22. Oklahoma. Okla. Geol. Survey. 96. Rehder, Alfred. 1940. Manual Bul. 24: 63-64. of Cultivated Trees and 113. ____. 1917. Geography of Shrubs. Macmillan Co. 2nd ed. Oklahoma. Okla. Geol. Survey. 97. Rock, Howard E. L. 1957. A Bul. 27: 247-317. Revision of the Vernal 114. Stanford, E. E. 1926. Species of Helenium Polygonum hydropiperoides and (Compositae). Rhod 59: 101- Polygonum opelousanum. Rhod. 116, 128-158, 168-178, 203- 28: 23-27. 216. 115. Stemen, Thomas R. and W. 98. Rydberg, Per Axel. 1913. Stanley Myers. 1937. Oklahoma Agrimonia. N. Am. Fl. 22(5): Flora. Harlow Pub. Corp., 391-396. Okla. City. 99. _____. 1915. Gaillardia N. Am. 116. Steyermark, Julian A. 1934. Fl. 34(2): 131-140. Grindelia. Ann. Mo. Bot. 100. ____. 1922a. Iva. N. Am. Fl. Gard. 21: 515. 33(1): 3-7. 117. ____. 1938. Two Undescribed 101. ____. 1922b. Ambrosia Plants from Arkansas. Rhod. N.Am.Fl. 33(1): 15-22. 40: 71. 102. Sherff, Earl Edward. 1955. 118. ____. 1940. Spring Flora of Bidens. N. Am. Fl. Series Missouri. Mo. Bot. Gard. II(2): 70-129. 119. ____. 1941. AStudyof 103. ____. 1958. Coreopsis. N. Am. Arenaria patula. Rhod. 43: Fl. Series II(2):4-40. 325-333. 104. Schinners, Lloyd H. 1946. 120. Svensen, H. K. 1929. 1932, Revision of the Genus Kuhnia. 1933, 1937, 1939. Monographic Wrightia. 1(2): 122-144. Studies in the Genus 105. ____. 1947. Revision of the Eleocharis. Rhod. 31: 121- Genus Krigia Schreber. 135, 152-163, 167-191, 199- Wrightia. 1(3): 187-206. 219, 224-242, 34: 193-203, 106. ____. 1949. Transfer of Texas 215-227, 35: 377-389, 39: Species of Petalostemum to 210-231, 236-273. 41: 1-77, Dalea leguminosae). Field and 90-110. Lab. 17: 80-85. 121. Swallen, Jason R. 1950. Some 107. ____. 1950. The Species of Introduced Forage Grasses of Matelea (Including Gonolobus) the genus Andropogon and in North Central Texas. Field Related Species. Contr. Texas and Lab. 18: 73-75. Res. Found. 1(2): 15-19. 108. ____. 1951a. Agave lata, a 122. Tryon, Alice F. 1957. A New Species from North Texas Revision of the Fern Genus and Oklahoma. Field and Lab. Pellaea Section Pellaea. Ann. 19: 171-173. Mo. Bot. Gard. 44: 125-148. 109. ____. 1951b. Ceanothus 123. Tryon, R. M. Jr. 1941. A herbaceous Raf. for C. Revision of the Genus ovatus: a Correction of Name. Pteridium. Rhod. 43: 1-31, Field and Lab. 19: 33-34. 37-67. 110. ____. 1951c. The North Texas 124. Turner, Billie L. 1951. Species of Heterotheca, Revision of the United States Including Chrysopsis. Field Species of Neptunia.Am. and Lab. 19: 66-70. Midl. Nat. 46: 82-92. 111. ____. Small, John Kunkel. 125. ____. 1956. A Cytotaxonomic 1913. Flora of the Study of the Genus Southeastern United States. Hymenopappus. Rhod. 58: 163- Pub. By J. K. Small. New 186, 208-242, 250-269, 295- York. 2nd ed. 307. 112. Snyder, L. C. 1915. Geology 126. United States Department of

Wallis, C.S. 20 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Agriculture. 1941. Yearbook 136. Weatherby, C. A. 1927. The of Agriculture. Climate and Group of Acalypha virginica Man. (Wash., D.C.) Gov’t. in Eastern North America. Printing Office: 1065-1174. Rhod. 29: 193-204. 127. United States Department of 137. Wheeler, Louis Cutter. 1941. Commerce. Weather Bureau. Euphorbia Subgenus Chamaesyce 1951-1958. Climatological in Canada and the United Data, Oklahoma, Annual States Exclusive of Southern Summary. (Wash., D.C.) Gov’t. Florida. Rhod. 43: 97-154, Printing Office: V. 60-67. 160-205, 223-385. 128. Wallis, Charles S. 1958. 138. Wherry, Edgar T. 1935. An Additions to the Oklahoma Ozark Variety of Phlox Flora from the Oklahoma pilosa. Am. Mid. Nat. 16: Ozarks. Proc. Okla. Acad. 413-416. Sci. 38: 3-5. 139. Wiegand, K. M. 1920a. 129. Waterfall, U. T. 1950. Some Eupatorium purpureum and Its Additions to the Oklahoma Allies. Rhod. 22: 57-69. Flora. Rhod. 52: 35. 140. ____. 1920b. Variations in 130. ____. 1951. The Genus Lactuca canadensis. Rhod. 22: Callirhoe (Malvaceae) in 9-11. Texas. Field and Lab. 19: 141. ____. 1921. The Genus 107-118. Echinochloa in North merica. 131. ____. 1952. A Catalogue of Rhod. 23: 49-65. the Flora of Oklahoma. 142. ____. 1923. Notes on Research Foundation of Okla. Triosetum perfoliatum and State Univ. Related Species. Rhod. 25: 132. ____. 1954. Studies in the 199-203. Composition and Distribution 143. ____. 1925. Oxalis of the Oklahoma Flora-XXI. corniculata and Its Relatives Rhod. 56: 160. in North America. Rhod. 27: 133. ____. 1958. A Taxonomic Study 113-139. of the Genus Physalis in 144. Wilbur, Robert L. 1955. A North America North of Revision of the North Mexico. Rhod. 60: 107-114, American Genus Sabatia 128-142, 152-173. (Gentianaceae). Rhod. 57: 1- 134. ____. 1953-1959. Keys to the 33, 43-47. Flora of Oklahoma. Unpubl. 145. Woodson, Robert E. Jr. 1954. Manuscript. Okla. State Univ. The North American Species of 135. Waterfall, U. T. and Charles Asclepias L. Ann. Mo. Bot. S. Wallis. 1953. Additions to Gard. 41: 1-211. the Oklahoma Flora from 146. Yuncker, Truman G. 1932. The Cherokee County. Proc. Okla. Genus Cuscuta. Mem. Torr. Acad. Sci. 34: 124-125. Bot. Cl. 18: 113-331.

Wallis, C.S. 21 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

UPDATED OKLAHOMA OZARK FLORA A Checklist for the Vascular Flora of Ozark Plateau in Oklahoma based on the work of C.S. Wallis and records from the Oklahoma Vascular Plants Database

Bruce W. Hoagland Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Geography University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-0575 e-mail: [email protected]

Charles Wallis’ 1959 dissertation determined using the USDA-NRCS (2007). “Vascular Plants of the Oklahoma The WOL and OC were summarized Ozarks” is one of the most important separately following Palmer et al. (1995) florisitic works for state botanists and (Tables 1 and 2). The OC was also compared conservationists. Although a number of with the rare species tracking list of the local and county floras for Oklahoma Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory (2007) have been published, only Wallis and C. T. to determine which species of conservation Eskew (1937) have completed regional interest were listed (Table 3). studies. Wallis’s interest in the Ozark The WOL consisted of 1,205 species or flora began with his 1953 masters thesis, 1,240 when subspecies, varieties, and hybrids “The Spermophyta of Cherokee County were added. These taxa belong to 556 genera Oklahoma,” and subsequent studies in in 131 families. In the OC, there were 303 collaboration with U. T. Waterfall at species that did not appear in the WOL, for a Oklahoma A&M (Wallis 1957; Wallis and total of 1,508 species. Subspecies, varieties, Waterfall 1953; Waterfall and Wallis 1962, and hybrids accounted for 57 additional taxa, 1963). This paper has two objectives, to increasing the total to 1,565 taxa. (Note that update the taxonomy of Wallis’s Ozark list the OC does not include Castanea dentata, (WOL) and to provide a current Ozark Opuntia phaeacantha,andQuercus coccinea species checklist (OC) by inclusion of records that which appeared in Wallis’s original list. They did not appear in WOL. Since several have since been annotated to other taxa.) decades have passed since the WOL was These taxa belong to 615 genera in 145 completed, there have been many changes families. The most speciose families in the in the taxonomy of the plants listed. WOL were the Asteraceae 213, Poaceae 172, These updates will enhance the utility of Cyperaceae 104, and Fabaceae 100. The the WOL for modern users and not genus Carex contained the most species (51) detract from Wallis’s original work. in the WOL, followed by Dichanthelium and The OC was compiled by comparing Polyogonum, each with 20 taxa. the updated WOL with the Oklahoma There were 134 taxa of non-native plants Vascular Plants Database (OVPD; or 10.8% of the total taxa in the WOL. There Hoagland et al. 2007). Nomenclature for were an additional 54 non-native taxa in the the OC follows the United States OC for a total of 188, or 12.0% of the total Department of Agriculture-Natural taxa reported. Non-native species occurred in Resources Conservation Service (USDA- 45 families. The genera with the greatest NRCS 2007). In the OC, species number of non-native species were Trifolium introduced to North America were (7 species), Bromus (5), and Polygonum (5).

Hoagland, B.W. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100052 22 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Seventy-nine taxa tracked by the Elisens, and R. Tyrl. 2007. Oklahoma Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory Vascular Plants Database. University of were present in the OC (Table 3). Of Oklahoma, Norman. www.biosurvey.ou.edu these, 50 were reported by Wallis and 28 accessed 1 October 2007). were added from the OVPD. Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory. 2007. Conservation ranks are assigned to taxa Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory according to level of imperilment at the working list of rare Oklahoma plants. state (S) and global (G) levels on a scale of University of Oklahoma, Norman. 1 – 5, where 1 represents a species that is (www.biosurvey.ou.edu/publicat.html imperiled and 5 a species that it is secure accessed 1 October 2007). (Groves et al. 1995). Fifty-one taxa or Palmer, M.W., G.L. Wade, and P. Neal. 1995. 66.4% of those in Table 3 were ranked as Standards for the writing of floras. G5 and thus considered demonstrably Bioscience 45: 339-345. secure at the global scale. No taxa were USDA-NRCS. 2007. The PLANTS Database ranked G1 or G2, indicating imperilment National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, at the global level. Thirty-one taxa LA 70874-4490 USA(http://plants.usda.gov (39.7%), however, were ranked as S1, 12 accessed 1 May 2007). as S2, and 19 as S1S2. The higher Wallis, C.S. 1953. The Spermatophyta of percentage of state rare species indicates Cherokee County, Oklahoma (exclusive of that many of these species are at the the Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Juncaceae). western margin of their ranges in eastern M.S. thesis, Oklahoma A&M College, Oklahoma. In Oklahoma, some of Stillwater, Oklahoma. species listed in Table 3 occur only in the Wallis, C.S. 1957. Additions to the Ozarks, such as Clematis virginiana, Oklahoma flora from the Oklahoma Equisetum arvense (one location in Adair Ozarks. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 38: County), Erigenia bulbosa, Gentiana alba, 3-5. Glyceria acutiflora, Heteranthera dubia (one Wallis, C.S. 1957. Additions to the Oklahoma location in Cherokee County), Physocarpus flora from the Oklahoma Ozarks. Proc. opulifolius var. intermedius, Silene regia, and Oklahoma Acad. Sci 38: 3-5. Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (Cherokee Wallis, C.S. 1959. Vascular plants of the County only). Castanea pumila var. Oklahoma Ozarks. Ph.D dissertation, ozarkensis and Silene regia are species of Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, concern and were once candidates for Oklahoma. federal listing as threatened. Wallis, C.S. and U.T. Waterfall. 1953. Additions to the Oklahoma flora from Literature Cited Cherokee County. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 34: 124-125. Eskew, C.T. 1937. The flowering plants Waterfall, U.T. and C.S. Wallis. 1962. Some of the Wichita National Forest. M.S. geographic relationships of the vascular thesis, University of Oklahoma, flora of the Oklahoma Ozarks: Studies in Norman. the composition and distribution of the Groves, C.R., M.L. Klein, and T.F. Oklahoma flora. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Breden. 1995. Natural heritage Sci. 43: 61-63. programs: public-private partnerships Waterfall, U.T. and C.S. Wallis. 1963. A list for biodiversity conservation. Wildlife of the vascular flora of the Oklahoma Society Bulletin 23: 784-790. Ozarks. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 44: Hoagland, B.W., A.K. Buthod, I.H. 11-22. Butler, P. Callahan-Crawford, W.E.

Hoagland, B.W. 23 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Table 1 Summary of Wallis’s (1959) floristic list Table 3 Species tracked by the Oklahoma Natural of the Oklahoma Ozarks. Numbers outside the Heritage Inventory in the Oklahoma Ozarks. This list parentheses represent the number of species is a combination of Wallis (1959) and records from the reported, those within the parentheses represent Oklahoma Vascular Plants Database. Taxa not the total number of taxa reported, including reported in Wallis 1959 are denoted with #. Taxa are subspecies and varieties. The number of hybrids ranked according to level of imperilment at the state (S) reported is denoted with an asterisk. and global (G) levels on a scale of 1 – 5, where 1 represents a species that is imperiled and 5 a species Non- that it is secure (Groves et al. 1995). Taxonomic Group Taxa Native native G- S- Equisetophyta 0(1*) 0(1*) 0 Taxa rank rank

Lycopodiophyta 110 Agalinis tenuifolia var. parviflora G5 S2S3

Pteridophyta 21 21 0 #Agalinis viridis G4 S1

Coniferophyta 220 Aletris farinose G5 S1S2 1,181 1,047 Magnoliophyta (1,215) (1,081) 134 Arabis shortii G5 S1S2 G4 781 Arnoglossum atriplicifolium G5 S1S2 Magnoliopsida 882 (909) (808) 101 266 Arnoglossum reniforme G4 S1S3 Liliopsida 299 (306) (273) 33 1,205 1,071 Aruncus dioicus var. pubescens G5 S1S3 Total (1,240) (1,106) 134 Asplenium bradleyi G4 S1 Table 2 Summary of all plants reported from the Oklahoma Ozarks based upon Wallis (1959) and Axonopus fissifolius G5 S1 data in the Oklahoma Vascular Plants Database. Numbers outside the parentheses represent the #Brachyelytrum erectum G5 S1 number of species reported, those within the parentheses represent the total number of taxa #Brasenia schreberi G5 S1 reported, including subspecies and varieties. The number of hybrids reported is denoted with an Callirhoe bushii G3 S3 asterisk. #Calopogon oklahomensis G4 S1 Taxonomic Non- Group Taxa Native native Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus G5 S1

Equisetophyta 3 (3; 1*) 3 (3; 1*) 0 Carex cephalophora var. cephalophora G5 S2

Lycopodiophyta 330 Carex oklahomensis G4 S2

Pteridophyta 31 (32) 31 (32) 0 #Carex oxylepis G5 S2

Coniferophyta 330 Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis G5 S2 1,481 1,280 (1,518; (1,330; #Cayaponia grandifolia G4 S1 Magnoliophyta 5*) 5*) 188 Cladrastis kentukea 1,082 G4 S2S3 (1,125; 945 (983; Magnoliopsida 5*) 5*) 142 Clematis virginiana G5 S1S2

Liliopsida 381 (393) 335 (347) 46 #Collinsia verna G5 S1 1,508 1,321 Total (1,565) (1,377) 188 #Corallorrhiza odontorhiza G5 S1

Hoagland, B.W. 24 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Cotinus obovatus G4 S3 Panicum brachyanthum G5 S2S3

#Croton michauxii G5 S1 #Perideridia americana G4 S1S2

#Cypripedium kentuckiense G3 S1 #Phacelia gilioides G5 S1

Desmodium pauciflorum G5 S1 Phaseolus polystachios G4 S1

Dicentra cucullaria G5 S1S2 Philadelphus pubescens G5 S2

Draba aprica G3 S1 Physocarpus opulifolius var.intermedius G5 S1S3

#Drosera brevifolia G5 S2S3 #Pilularia americana G5 S1S2

#Equisetum arvense G5 S1 Platanthera lacera G5 S1S2

#Erigenia bulbosa G5 S1S2 #Podostemum ceratophyllum G5 S2

Fraxinus quadrangulata G5 S2S3 Rhamnus lanceolata ssp. glabrata G5 S1 G4 Galium arkansanum G5 S1S2 #Rhus lanceolata G5 S1S2

#Gentiana alba G4 S1 Rhododendron canescens G5 S2S3 G4 #Gentiana puberulenta G5 S1 #Ribes missouriense G5 S1

Glyceria acutiflora G5 S1 Rorippa teres G5 S1S2

Hedeoma pulegioides G5 S1S3 Silene regia G3 S1

Heteranthera dubia G5 S2 Sporobolus vaginiflorus var. ozarkanus G5 S1S2

Hexalectris spicata G5 S1S2 Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve G5 S1S3

Hypericum gentianoides G5 S1S2 Symphyotrichum novae-angliae G5 S1

Impatiens pallida G5 S2 Tilia americana var. americana G5 S1S2

Iris cristata G5 S2 Tilia americana var. caroliniana G5 S1S2 G4 Iris virginica G5 S2 #Tipularia discolor G5 S1 G3 #Malaxis unifolia G5 S1 Tradescantia ernestiana G4 S?

#Marsilea vestita G5 S1 Tradescantia ozarkana G3 S1S2

#Monotropa hypopithys G5 S1 Ulmus serotina G4 S2

#Monotropa uniflora G5 S1 Urtica dioica G5 S2

#Muhlenbergia bushii G5 S1S2 Uvularia grandiflora G5 S2S3

Neobeckia aquatica G4 S1S3 Valerianella ozarkana G3 S1 G3 #Panax quinquefolius G4 S1

Hoagland, B.W. 25 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Appendix: a checklist for the vascular flora of Ozark Plateau in Oklahoma. This list was compiled from Wallis (1959) with additions from the Oklahoma Vascular Plant Database (Hoagland et al. 2007). # Indicates species not appearing in Wallis (1959). * Indicates species that are not native to North America are marked with an asterisk.

EQUISETOPHYTA Marsileaceae Equisetaceae #Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. #Equisetum arvense L. #Pilularia americana A. Braun Equisetum ×ferrissii Clute (pro sp.) [hyemale × laevigatum]. Syn. = Equisetum hymenale Ophioglossaceae L. var. intermedium. #Botrychium dissectum Spreng. #Equisetum hyemale L. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. #Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun #Ophioglossum crotalophoroides Walt. #Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl LYCOPODIOPHYTA Isoetaceae Polypodiaceae #Isoetes melanopoda Gay & Durieu ex Durieu #Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham ssp. michauxiana (Weatherby) Selaginellaceae Andrews & Windham Selaginella apoda (L.) Fern. #Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring Pteridaceae Adiantum capillus-veneris L. PTERIDOPHYTA Adiantum pedatum L. Aspleniaceae Argyrochosma dealbata (Pursh) Windham. Asplenium bradleyi D.C. Eat. Syn. = Notholaena dealbata (Pursh) Asplenium platyneuron (L.) B.S.P. Kunze. Asplenium resiliens Kunze Asplenium trichomanes L. Asplenium rhizophyllum L. Syn. = Cheilanthes alabamensis (Buckl.) Kunze Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link. Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) D.C. Eat. Syn. = C. vestita (Spreng.) Sw. Dryopteridaceae #Cheilanthes tomentosa Link Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ssp. Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link asplenioides (Michx.) Hultén. Syn. = A. #Pellaea wrightiana Hook. filix-femina (L.) Roth var. asplenioides #Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum (Michx.) Farw. (Desv.) Underwood ex Heller #Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. var. fragilis. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Heller Wallis listed forma dentata (Dickson) Clute Cystopteris tennesseensis Shaver. Syn. = C. Thelypteridaceae fragilis (L.) Bernh. var. simulans Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée. Syn. (Weatherby) McGregor. = Dryopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) C. Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray Christens. Onoclea sensibilis L. #Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott (Lawson) Fern. Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr.

Hoagland, B.W. 26 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 CONIFEROPHYTA Rhus aromatica Alt. var. aromatica Cupressaceae Rhus aromatica Alt. var. serotina (Greene) #Juniperus ashei Buchh. Rehd. Juniperus virginiana L. Rhus copallinum L. var. latifolia Engl. Rhus glabra L. Pinaceae #Rhus lanceolata (Gray) Britt. Pinus echinata P. Mill. #Rhus trilobata Nutt. #Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. simplicifolia (Greene) MAGNOLIOPHYTA Barkl. MAGNOLIOPSIDA Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Acanthaceae Greene. Syn. = Rhus radicans L. var. Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng. vulgaris (Michx.) DC. Wallis listed Justicia americana (L.) Vahl. formas negundo (Greene) Fern. and #Ruellia caroliniensis (J.F. Gmel.) Steud. ssp. vulgaris. ciliosa (Pursh) R.W. Long var. cinerascens Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill. Syn. = (Fern.) Kartesz & Gandhi Rhus toxicodendron L. Ruellia humilis Nutt. Syns. = R. humilis Nutt. var. expansa Fern. and R. humilis Nutt. Anonaceae var. longiflora (Gray) Fern. Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal Ruellia pedunculata Torr. ex Gray Ruellia strepens L. Apiaceae (= Umbelliferae) #Ammoselinum butleri (Engelm. ex S. Wats.) Aceraceae Coult. & Rose Acer negundo L. var. negundo *#Anethum graveolens L. Acer negundo L. var. texanum Pax Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fern. Acer rubrum L. #Bifora americana Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Acer saccharinum L. Wats. Acer saccharum Marsh. Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz #Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. var. Amaranthaceae dasycarpum Hook. ex S. Wats. Amaranthus albus L. Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. var. tainturieri. #Amaranthus arenicola I.M. Johnston Syn. = C. texanum Coult. & Rose. Amaranthus graecizans L. Cicuta maculata L. Amaranthus hybridus L. Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. #Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. *Daucus carota L. Wallis listed formas carota Amaranthus retroflexus L. and epurpuratus Farw. Amaranthus spinosus L. Daucus pusillus Michx. Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer. #Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. Syn. = Acnida tamariscina auct. non Eryngium leavenworthii Torr. & Gray (Nutt.) Wood #Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC. Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. var. Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. var. synchaetum campestris (Small) Fern. Gray ex Coult. & Rose Froelichia graçilis (Nutt.) Moq. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. Iresine rhizomatosa Standl. Limnosciadium pinnatum (DC.) Mathias & Constance Anacardiaceae Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. Syn. = Cotinus obovatus Raf.

Hoagland, B.W. 27 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. var. Asclepiadaceae villicaulis Fern. Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woods. #Perideridia americana (Nutt. ex DC.) Asclepias incarnata L. ssp. incarnata Reichenb. Asclepias obovata Ell. Polytaenia nuttallii DC. Asclepias purpurascens L. #Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. #Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britt. Asclepias stenophylla Gray Sanicula canadensis L. var. canadensis Asclepias sullivantii Engelm. ex Gray Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Asclepias tuberosa L. ssp. interior Woods. Phillippe. Syn. = S. gregaria Bickn. #Asclepias variegata L Spermolepis divaricata (Walt.) Raf. ex Ser. Asclepias verticillata L. Spermolepis echinata (Nutt. ex DC.) Heller Asclepias viridiflora Raf. Syn. = A. viridiflora Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude Raf. var. lanceolata (Ives) Torr. and A. Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. viridiflora Raf. var. linearis (Gray) Fern. Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Gray var. aureum Asclepias viridis Walt. Britt. Syn. = T. trifoliatm (L.) Gray var. Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. flavum Blake. Matelea baldwyniana (Sweet) Woods. *#Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link Matelea decipiens (Alexander) Woods. *Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. Matelea gonocarpos (Walt.) Shinners Trepocarpus aethusae Nutt. ex DC. Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern. Asteraceae (= Compositae) Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch Achillea millefolium L. var. occidentalis DC. Syn. = A. lanulosa Nutt. Wallis listed Apocynaceae formas lanulosa and rubicunda Farwell. Amsonia illustris Woods. Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. var. salicifolia var. altissima. Wallis listed villicaule Fern. (Pursh) Woods. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. var. elatior (L.) Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. var. Descourtils. Wallis listed forma villosa tabernaemontana Fern. & Griseb. Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Ambrosia bidentata Michx. Apocynum cannabinum L. Syn. = A. Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Syn. = A. cannabinum L. var. glaberrimum A. DC. psilostachya DC. var. lindheimeriana and Apocynum cannabinum L. var. (Scheele) Blank. pubescens (Mitchell ex R. Br.) Woods. Ambrosia trifida L. var. texana Scheele Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. Syn. Aquifoliaceae = Gutierrezia dracunculoides (DC.) Blake. Ilex decidua Walt. Antennaria neglecta Greene. Syn. = A. campestris Rydb. Araliaceae #Antennaria parlinii Fern. #Panax quinquefolius L. #Antennaria parlinii Fern. ssp. fallax (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins Aristolochiaceae Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards #Aristolochia serpentaria L. *Anthemis cotula L. Aristolochia tomentosa Sims Aphanostephus skirrhobasis (DC.) Trel. Asarum canadense L. Syn. = A. canadense L. *Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. var. acuminatum Ashe. Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H.E. Robins.

Hoagland, B.W. 28 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Syn. = Cacalia atriplicifolia L. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var. glabrata Arnoglossum plantagineum Raf. Syn. = (Gray) Cronq. Cacalia plantaginea (Raf.) Shinners. Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet var. Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H.E. Robins. grandiflora Syn. = Cacalia muehlenbergii (Schultz- #Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet var. Bip.) Fern. harveyana (Gray) Sherff *Artemisia annua L. Coreopsis lanceolata L. Syn. = C. lanceolata Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. ludoviciana. L. var. villosa Michx. Syn. = A. ludoviciana Nutt. var. Coreopsis palmata Nutt. gnaphalodes (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray Coreopsis pubescens Ell. var. pubescens Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. mexicana Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Wallis listed formas (Willd. ex Spreng.) Keck. Syn. = Artemisia tinctoria and atropurpurea (Hook) Fern. ludoviciana Nutt. var. mexicana (Willd. ex Coreopsis tripteris L. Syn. = C. tripteris L. var. Spreng.) Gray deamii Standl. Astranthium integrifolium (Michx.) Nutt. *#Cosmos sulphureus Cav. #Baccharis halimifolia L. *#Crepis pulchra L. Berlandiera pumila (Michx.) Nutt. var. pumila. Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. Syn. = B. tomentosa Nutt. var. dealbata #Echinacea angustifolia DC. Torr. & Gray. #Echinacea atrorubens Nutt. Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt. Syns. = B. Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. polylepis Blake var. polylepis and B. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench polylepis Blake var. retrorsa Sherff. Eclipta alba (L.) L. Bidens bipinnata L. Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. #Bidens cernua L. Erechtites hieraciifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. var. #Bidens discoidea (Torr. & Gray) Britt. hieraciifolia. Syns. = E. hieraciifolia (L.) Bidens frondosa L. Raf. ex DC. var. intermedia Fern. and E. Boltonia asteroides (L.) L'Hér. var. latisquama hieraciifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. var. praealta (Gray) Cronq. Syn. = B. latisquama Gray. (Raf.) Fern. Boltonia diffusa Ell. var. interior Fern. & Grisc. Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners var. Erigeron philadelphicus L. var. philadelphicus texana (Shinners) Shinners. Syn. = Erigeron pulchellus Michx. Kuhnia eupatoriodes L. var. ozarkana Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. var. beyrichii Shinners. (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Torr. & Gray ex Gray *Carduus nutans L. Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. var. Centaurea americana Nutt. strigosus *Centaurea cyanus L. #Erigeron tenuis Torr. & Gray Chaetopappa asteroides Nutt. ex DC. Eupatorium altissimum L. Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. Syn. = Heterotheca #Eupatorium hyssopifolium L. pilosa (Nutt.) Shinners Eupatorium perfoliatum L. *Cichorium intybus L. Eupatorium purpureum L. Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill Eupatorium serotinum Michx. *Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. #Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (Barratt) King & #Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. H.E. Robins. Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. Syn. = Eurybia hemispherica (Alexander) Nesom. Eupatorium coelestinum L. Syn. = Aster hemisphericus Alexander Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var. Euthamia gymnospermoides Greene. Syn. = canadensis Solidago gymnospermoides (Greene)Fern.

Hoagland, B.W. 29 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Fleischmannia incarnata (Walt.) King & H.E. Hieracium gronovii L. Robins. Syn. = Eupatorium incarnatum Hieracium longipilum Torr. Walt. #Hieracium scabrum Michx. Gaillardia aestivalis (Walt.) H. Rock var. Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L'Hér. var. aestivalis.Syn.=G. fastigiata Greene. corymbosus (Torr. & Gray) B.L. Turner Gaillardia aestivalis (Walt.) H. Rock var. Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L'Hér. var. flavovirens (C.Mohr)Cronq.Syn.=G. scabiosaeus lutea Greene. Ionactis linariifolius (L.) Greene. Syn. = Aster #Gaillardia suavis (Gray & Engelm.) Britt. & linariifolius L. Rusby Iva angustifolia Nutt. ex DC. *Galinsoga parviflora Cay. Iva annua L. var. annua.Syn.=I. ciliata Willd. *#Galinsoga quadriradiata Cav. Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake. Wallis listed formas Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera. Syn. = biflora and glandulifera Fern. Gnaphalium purpureum L. Krigia dandelion (L.) Nutt. Grindelia lanceolata Nutt. var. lanceolata. Krigia caespitosa (Raf.) Chambers. Syn. = Wallis listed forma lanceolata. Serinia oppositifolia (Rat.) Kuntze Grindelia papposa Nesom & Suh. Syn. = Krigia occidentalis Nutt. Haplopappus ciliatus (Nutt.) DC. Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock Lactuca canadensis L. Syn. = L. canadensis Helenium autumnale L. var. canadensis (Wallis listed formas Helenium flexuosum Raf. angustata Wieg. and canadensis), L. Helianthus angustifolius L. canadensis L. var. latifolia Kuntze (Wallis Helianthus annuus L. listed formas latifolia and exauriculata #Helianthus decapetalus L. Wieg.), L. canadensis L. var. longifolia #Helianthus divaricatus L. (Michx.) Farw., and L. canadensis L. var. Helianthus ×doronicoides Lam. (pro sp.) obovata Wieg. (Wallis listed forma [giganteus × mollis]. Syn. = H. stenopoda Wieg.). doronicoides Lam. Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. Helianthus grosseserratus Martens Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) Riddell. Wallis Helianthus hirsutus Raf. Syns. = H. hirsutus listed formas campestris (Greene) Fern. Raf. var. stenophyllus Torr. & Gray and H. and ludoviciana. hirsutus Raf. var. trachyphyllus Torr. & *Lactuca serriola L. Syn. = L. scariola L. Gray. Wallis listed formas integrifolia (Bogenh.) #Helianthus ×laetiflorus Pers. (pro sp.) G. Beck and scariola. [pauciflorus × tuberosus] #Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey. var. pulchella Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. (Pursh) Breitung Helianthus mollis Lam. *Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Syn. = #Helianthus nuttallii Torr. & Gray Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. #Helianthus laetiflorus Pers. var. rigidus pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte. (Cass.) Fern. Liatris aspera Michx. var. aspera. Wallis listed Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. formas aspera and benkii (Macbr.) Fern. Helianthus salicifolius A. Dietr. Liatris aspera Michx. var. intermedia (Lunell) Helianthus tuberosus L. Gaiser Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. scabra #Liatris punctata Hook. (Dunal) Fern. #Liatris punctata Hook. var. nebraskana Gaiser Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby. Liatris pycnostachya Michx. Wallis listed forma Syn. = H. latifolia Buckl. pycnostachya.

Hoagland, B.W. 30 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. hirsuta Silphium perfoliatum L. (Rydb.) Gaiser Silphium radula Nutt. Syn. = S. asperrimum #Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. glabrata Hook. (Rydb.) Gaiser Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mackenzie ex #Liatris squarrulosa Michx. Small. Syn. = Polymnia Uvedalia L. var. *#Matricaria discoidea DC. densipilis Blake Oligoneuron nitidum (Torr. & Gray) Small. Syn. Solidago altissima L. = Solidago nitida Torr. & Gray. #Solidago arguta Ait. var. boottii (Hook.) #Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small Palmer & Steyermark Packera aurea (L.) A.& D. Löve. Syn. = Solidago caesia L. Senecio aureus L. Solidago canadensis L. var. gilvocanescens Packera glabella (Poir.) C. Jeffrey. Syn. = Rydb. Senecio glabellus Poir. Solidago gigantea Ait. Syn. = S. gigantea Ait. Packera obovata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A. Weber var. leiophylla Fern. & A. Löve. Syn. = Senecio obovatus Muhl Solidago hispida Muhl. ex Willd. var. rotundus Britt. Solidago ludoviciana (Gray) Small Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W.A. Weber & A. Solidago missouriensis Nutt. var. fasciculata Löve. Syn. = Senecio plattensis Nutt. Holz. *#Parthenium hysterophorus L. Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longipetiolata Parthenium integrifolium L. (Mackenzie & Bush) Palmer & Steyermark. Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. Syn. = S. nemoralis Ait. var. decemflora #Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. var. odorata (DC.) Fern. Polymnia canadensis L. Wallis listed forma Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. nemoralis. Syn. = radiata (Gray) Fassett. S. nemoralis Ait. var. haleana Fern. Prenanthes aspera Michx. #Solidago odora Ait. #Prenanthes altissima L. Solidago petiolaris Ait. var. angusta (Torr. & Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & Gray) Gray. Syns. = S. lindheimeriana Burtt ssp. obtusifolium. Syn. = Scheele and S. petiolaris Ait. var. wardii Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. (Britt.) Fern. Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC. Solidago radula Nutt. var. radula #Pyrrhopappus grandiflorus (Nutt.) Nutt. Solidago rugosa P. Mill. ssp. aspera (Ait.) #Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus (D. Don) DC. Cronq. Syn. = S. rugosa Mill. var. Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. celtidifolia (Small)Fern. Wallis listed formas columnifera and Solidago speciosa Nutt. var. speciosa pulcherrima (DC.) Fern. #Solidago speciosa Nutt. var. rigidiuscula Torr. Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. &Gray Rudbeckia grandiflora (D. Don) J.F. Gmel. ex Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. var. ulmifolia DC. Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. var. Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw. microphylla Gray. Syn. = S. delicatula Rudbeckia laciniata L. var. laciniata Small. Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh *Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. Wallis listed forma Rudbeckia triloba L. var. triloba glandulosus Beckh. #Silphium asteriscus L. Symphyotrichum anomalum (Engelm.) Nesom. #Silphium integrifolium Michx. var. integrifolium Syn. = Aster anomalus Engelm. Silphium integrifolium Michx. var. laeve Torr. & Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom. Syn. Gray. Syn. = S. speciosum Nutt. = Aster sagittifolius Wedemeyer ex Willd. Silphium laciniatum L. var. laciniatum var. sagittifolius.

Hoagland, B.W. 31 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Symphyotrichum divaricatum (Nutt.) Nesom. #Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. Syn. = Aster exilis Ell. f. ex Gray Symphyotrichum drummondii (Lindl.) Nesom Verbesina helianthoides Michx. var. drummondii. Syn. = Aster sagittifolius Verbesina virginica L. Wedemeyer ex Willd. var. drummondii Vernonia arkansana DC. Syn. = V.crinitaRaf. (Lindl.) Shinners. Vernonia baldwinii Torr. ssp. baldwinii Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom var. Vernonia gigantea (Walt.) Trel. ssp. gigantea. ericoides.Syn.=Aster ericoides L. Syn. = V. altissima Nutt. Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) A.& D. Löve var. Vernonia missurica Raf. laeve. Syn. = Aster laevis L. Xanthium strumarium L. var. canadense (P. #Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom Mill.) Torr. & Gray. Syns. = X. italicum Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom. Mor., X. pensylvanicum Wallr., and X. Syn. = Aster novae-angliae L. speciosum Kearney. Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) Nesom. Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Syn. = Aster oblongifolius Nutt. Cronq. Syn. = X. chinense Mill. Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Wieg.) Nesom. Syn. = Aster ontarionis Wieg. Balsaminaceae Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) Impatiens capensis Neerb. Nesom var. oolentangiense.Syn.=Aster Impatiens pallida Nutt. azureus Lindl. var. azureus. Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) Berberidaceae Nesom var. poaceum (Burgess) Nesom. Podophyllum peltatum L. Syn. = Aster azureus Lindl. var. poaceus (Burgess) Fern. Betulaceae (=Corylaceae) Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom var. Alnus serrulata (Alt.) Willd. Syn. = A. serrulata gracile (Hook.) Nesom. Syn. = Aster (Alt.) Willd. var. vulgaris Spach. patens Ait. var. gracilis Hook. Betula nigra L. Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom var. Corylus americana Walt. var. americana. patens. Syn. = Aster patens Ait. var. Wallis listed forma americana. patens. Ostrya virginiana (P. Mill.) K. Koch var. Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Nesom. Syn. virginiana. Syn. = Ostrya virginiana (P. = Aster pilosus Willd. Mill.) K. Koch var. lasia Fern. Wallis listed Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) Nesom var. forma glandulosa (Spach) Macbr. praealtum. Syn. = Aster praealtus Poir. var. praealtus. Bignoniaceae #Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) Nesom. Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. Symphyotrichum turbinellum (Lindl.) Nesom. Catalpa bignonioides Walt. Syn. = Aster turbinellus Lindl. Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelm. *#Tanacetum vulgare L. *Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers Boraginaceae ssp. officinale *Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston. #Thelesperma ambiguum Gray Syn. = Lithospermum arvense L. *Tragopogon dubius Scop. Syn. = T. major #Cynoglossum virginianum L. Jacq. Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnston Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britt. ex Kearney. Heliotropium convolvulaceum (Nutt.) Gray Syn. = Actinomeris alternifolia (L.) DC. *Heliotropium indicum L. Heliotropium tenellum (Nutt.) Torr.

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Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. Armoracia aquatica (Eat.) Wieg. Lithospermum caroliniense (Walt. ex J.F. Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. ssp. fernaldiana Gmel.) MacM. (Butters & Abbe) Jonsell. Syn. = R. Lithospermum incisum Lehm. islandica (Oeder) Borbas var. fernaldia Myosotis macrosperma Engelm. Butters & Abbe. Myosotis verna Nutt. Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. ssp. hispida Onosmodium bejariense DC.exA.DC.var. (Desv.) Jonsell. Syn. = R. islandica occidentale (Mackenzie) B.L. Turner. Syn. (Oeder) Borbas var. hispida (Desv.) = O. occidentale Mackenzie. Butters & Abbe. Onosmodium bejariense DC.exA.DC.var. Rorippa teres (Michx.) R. Stuckey. Syn. = R. subsetosum (Mackenzie & Bush) B.L. obtusa (Nutt.) Britt. Turner. Syn. = O. subsetosum Mackenzie Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) A.S. Hitchc. &Bush. Selenia aurea Nutt. Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins Brassicaceae *Sinapis arvensis L. Syn. = Brassica kaber *#Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida Arabis canadensis L. (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler. Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir. *#Sisymbrium altissimum L. Arabis missouriensis Greene *Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Syn. = S. Arabis shortii (Fern.) Gleason. Syn. = A. officinale (L.) Scop. var. leiocarpum DC. perstellata E.L. Br. var. shortii Fern. Streptanthus maculatus Nutt. *Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f. *Thlaspi arvense L. *Brassica napus L. *Brassica rapa L. Cabombaceae *Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. #Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel. *Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) B.S.P. Cactaceae Cardamine parviflora L. var. arenicola (Britt) #Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. O.E. Shultz Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Syn. = Callitrichaceae Dentaria laciniata Muhl. Callitriche heterophylla Pursh Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. ssp. Callitriche terrestris Raf. brachycarpa (Richards.) Detling Draba aprica Beadle Campanulaceae Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small. Syn. Draba cuneifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray var. = Campanula americana L. var. illinoensis cuneifolia (Fresn.) Farw. #Draba reptans (Lam.) Fern. Lobelia appendiculata A. DC. Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.). Steud. #Lobelia puberula Michx. Lepidium campestre (L.) Ait. f. Lobelia cardinalis L. Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. Lobelia inflata L. Lepidium virginicum L. var. virginicum Lobelia siphilitica L. var. ludoviciana A. DC. Lesquerella gracilis (Hook.) S. Wats. var. Lobelia spicata Lam. var. spicata gracilis Lobelia spicata Lam. var. leptostachys (A. DC.) *Nasturtium officinale Ait. f. Mackenzie & Bush Neobeckia aquatica (Eat.) Greene. Syn. = Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pavón) Greene. Syn.

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= Specularia biflora (Ruiz & Pavón) Fisch. *#Cerastium pumilum W. Curtis &C.A.Mey. *Dianthus armeria L. Triodanis lamprosperma McVaugh. Syn. = Minuartia drummondii (Shinners) McNeill. Syn. Specularia lamprosperma (McVaugh) Fern. = Stellaria nuttallii Torr. & Gray. Triodanis leptocarpa (Nutt.) Nieuwl. Syn. = #Minuartia michauxii (Fenzl) Farw. var. texana Specularia leptocarpa (Nutt.) Gray (B.L. Robins.) Mattf. Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. Syn. = Minuartia muscorum (Fassett) Rabeler. Syn. = Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Stellaria muscorum Fassett. Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. Syn. = Cannabinaceae Arenaria patula Michx. Wallis listed formas *Humulus lupulus L. media Steyerm. pitcheri (Nutt.) Steyerm. and robusta Steyerm. Capparidaceae Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood *#Cleome hassleriana Chod. Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern. var. fastigiata #Cleome serrulata Pursh *#Petrorhagia dubia (Raf.) G. López & Romo #Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. ssp. *Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P.W. Ball & dodecandra Heywood. Syn. = Dianthus prolifer L. Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. ssp. Sagina decumbens (Ell.) Torr. & Gray trachysperma (Torr. & Gray) Iltis *Saponaria officinalis L. *#Scleranthus annuus L. Caprifoliaceae Silene antirrhina L. Lonicera flava Sims Silene regia Sims *Lonicera japonica Thunb. Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f. Wallis listed forma #Lonicera sempervirens L. scabrella (Niewl.) Palm. & Steyerm. Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Silene virginica L. Bolli. Syn. = S. canadensis L. var. *Stellaria media (L.) Vill. canadensis and S. canadensis L. var. submollis Rehd. Celastraceae Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench. #Celastrus scandens L. # Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn. Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. Triosteum perfoliatum L. #Viburnum molle Michx. Ceratophyllaceae #Viburnum rafinesquianum J.A. Schultes Ceratophyllum demersum L. Viburnum rufidulum Raf. Chenopodiaceae Caryophyllaceae Chenopodium album L. Agrostemma githago L. *Chenopodium ambrosioides L. var. *Arenaria serpyllifolia L. ambrosioides Cerastium brachypodum (Engelm. ex Gray) #Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. B.L. Robins. Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. #Cerastium brachypetalum DesportesexPers. Wats. *Cerastium fontanum Baumg. ssp. vulgare *Chenopodium pumilio R. Br. (Hartman) Greuter & Burdet. Syn. = C. Chenopodium simplex (Torr.) Raf. Syn. = C. vulgatum L. hybridum L. var. gigantospermum (Aellen) *Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Syn. = C. Rouleau. viscosum auct. non L. Chenopodium standleyanum Aellen Cerastium nutans Raf. Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult.

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Monolepis nuttalliana (J.A. Schultes) Greene Crassulaceae Sedum nuttallianum Raf. Cistaceae Sedum pulchellum Michx. Lechea mucronata Raf. Syn. = L. villosa Ell. *#Sedum sarmentosum Bunge Lechea tenuifolia Michx. Syn. = Lechea tenuifolia Michx.var. occidentalis Hodgdon. Cucurbitaceae #Cayaponia grandifolia (Torr. & Gray) Small Clusiaceae (= Guttiferae) Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz ssp. Melothria pendula L. hypericoides.Syn.=Ascyrum Sicyos angulatus L. hypericoides L. var. hypericoides. Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz ssp. Cuscutaceae multicaule (Michx. ex Willd.) Robson. Syn. Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy = Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. multicaule Cuscuta cuspidata Engelm. (Michx.) Fern. Cuscuta glomerata Choisy Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) Torr. & Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex J.A. Schultes Gray #Cuscuta indecora Choisy Hypericum gentianoides (L.) B.S.P. #Cuscuta obtusiflora Kunth Hypericum multilum L. Syn. = H. multilum L. Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. pentagona. var. parviflorum (Willd.) Fern. Syn. = C. campestris Yuncker. *Hypericum perforatum L. Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. glabrior Hypericum pseudomaculatum Bush (Engelm.) Gandhi, Thomas & Hatch. Syn. Hypericum prolificum L. Syn. = H. = C. glabrior (Engelm.) Yuncker. spathulatum (Spach.) Steud. #Cuscuta polygonorum Engelm. Hypericum punctatum Lam. Hypericum sphaerocarpum Michx. Dipsacaceae *Dipsacus fullonum L. Syn. = Dipsacus Convolvulaceae sylvestris Huds. *Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. ssp. sepium *Convolvulus arvensis L. Syn. = C. arvensis Droseraceae L. var. fraterniflorus Mack. & Bush. #Drosera brevifolia Pursh *#Ipomoea coccinea L. #Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey. Ebenaceae *#Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth Diospyros virginiana L. Syn. = D. virginiana L. #Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. ssp. var. pubescens (Pursh) Dippel. fraterniflora (Mackenzie & Bush) Brummitt *Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. Syn. = I. Elaeagnaceae hederacea (L.) Jacq. var. integriuseula *#Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Gray. Ipomoea lacunosa L. Ericaceae Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey. Rhododendron canescens (Michx.) Sweet #Rhododendron oblongifolium (Small) Millais Cornaceae #Rhododendron prinophyllum (Small) Millais Cornus drummondi C.A. Meyer Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. Syn. = Vaccinium Cornus florida L. arboreum Marsh. var. glaucescens Cornus obliqua Raf. (Greene) Sarg. Vaccinium pallidum Ait. Syn. = V. vacillans

Hoagland, B.W. 35 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Torr. var. crinitum Fern. Euphorbia heterophylla L. Vacciniun stamineum L. Syn. = V. stamineum Euphorbia hexagona Nutt. ex Spreng. L. var. interius (Ashe) Palmer & Steyerm. Euphorbia marginata Pursh and V. stamineum L. var. neglectum Euphorbia pubentissima Michx. Syn. = E. (Small) Deam) corollata L. var. mollis Millap. #Vaccinium virgatum Ait. Euphorbia spathulata Lam. Syn. = E. dictyosperma Fisch. & C.A. Mey. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia obtusata (Pursh) Small Acalypha gracilens Gray. Syn. = A. gracilens Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt. Gray var. fraseri (Muell.-Arg. Weatherby Stillingia sylvatica L. Acalypha monococca (Engelm. ex Gray) L. Tragia betonicifolia Nutt. Syn. = T. urticifolia Mill.&Gandhi.Syn.=A. gracilens Gray Michx. var. monococca Engelm. ex Gray. #Tragia urticifolia Michx. Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell Tragia ramosa Torr. Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. Acalypha virginica L. Fabaceae (=Leguminosae) Argythamnia mercurialina (Nutt.) Muell.-Arg. Acacia angustissima (P. Mill.) Kuntze var. hirta var. mercurialina. Syn. =Ditaxis (Nutt.) B.L. Robins. mercurialina (Nutt.) Coult. *#Albizia julibrissin Durazz. Chamaesyce humistrata (Engelm. ex Gray) Amorpha canescens Pursh Small. Syn. = Euphorbia humistrata Amorpha fruticosa L. Syn. = A. fruticosa L. var. Engelm. ex Gray. angustifolia Pursh, A. fruticosa L. var. Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small. Syn. = oblongifolia Palmer and A. fruticosa L. var. Euphorbia maculata L. and Euphorbia tennesseensis (Shuttlew.) Palmer. supina Raf. #Amorpha laevigata Nutt. Chamaesyce missurica (Raf.) Shinners. Syn. Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. var. = Euphorbia missurica Raf. bracteata #Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. var. comosa Chamaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small. Syn. = (L.) Fern. Euphorbia chamaesyce auct. non L. Apios americana Medik. Syn. = A. americana Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small. Syn. = Medik. var. turrigera Fern. Euphorbia serpens Kunth. Astragalus canadensis L. Croton capitatus Michx. var. capitatus. Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. var. trichocalyx Croton glandulosus L. var. septentrionalis (Nutt.) Barneby Muell.-Arg. Astragalus distortus Torr. & Gray Croton lindheimerianus Scheele #Astragalus nuttallianus DC. #Croton michauxii G.L. Webster Baptisia alba (L.) Vent. var. macrophylla Croton monanthogynus Michx. (Larisey) Isely. Syn. = Baptisia leucantha Croton willdenowii G.L. Webster. Syn. = Torr. & Gray var. leucantha. Crotonopsis elliptica Willd. Baptisia australis (L.)R.Br.exAit.f.var.minor Euphorbia corollata L. var. paniculata (Ell.) (Lehm.) Fern. Boiss. #Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Ell. var. Euphorbia cyathophora Murr. Syn. = E. leucophaea (Nutt.) Kartesz & Gandhi heterophylla L. var. graminifolia (Michx.) Cercis canadensis L. var. canadensis. Wallis Engelm. listed formas canadensis and glabrifolia Euphorbia dentata Michx. Wallis listed formas Fern. cuphosperma (Engelm.) Fern. and dentata. Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene var.

Hoagland, B.W. 36 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 fasciculata. Syn. = Cassia fasiculata Lathyrus pusillus Ell. Michx. var. robusta (Pollard) Macbr. Lespedeza capitata Michx. Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench ssp. Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don nictitans var. nictitans. Syn. = Cassia #Lespedeza frutescens (L.) Hornem. nictitans L. Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.-Cours.) Rudd. Lespedeza procumbens Michx. Clitoria mariana L. Lespedeza repens (L.) W. Bart. Crotalaria sagittalis L. Lespedeza stuevei Nutt. Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var. candida *#Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.)Nakai Dalea lanata Spreng Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. #Dalea multiflora (Nutt.) Shinners Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britt. Dalea purpurea Vent. Lotus unifoliolatus (Hook.) Benth. var. Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. unifoliolatus. Syn. = L. americanus (Mitt.) Robins. & Fern. Bisch. non Vell. Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. *Medicago lupulina L. Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. *Medicago sativa L. Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. *Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Syn. = M. alba Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. Medikus. ex Loud. Mimosa nuttallii (DC.) B.L. Turner. Syn. = Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood Schrankia nuttallii (DC.) Standl. #Desmodium illinoense Gray Neptunia lutea (Leavenworth) Benth. Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. Orbexilum pedunculatum (P. Mill.) Rydb. var. Desmodium marilandicum (L.) DC. pedunculatum. Syn. = Psoralea Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. Wallis lists psoralioides (Walt.) Cory var. eglandulosa formas foliolatum (Farwell) Fassett, (Ell.) Freeman. nudiflorum, and personatum Fassett. #Orbexilum simplex (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) #Desmodium nuttallii (Schindl.) Schub. Rydb. Desmodium obtusum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. #Pediomelum linearifolium (Torr. & Gray) J. Syn. = Desmodlum rigidum (Ell.) DC. Grimes Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. Phaseolus polystachios (L.) B.S.P. paniculatum Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. Syn. = Desmodium pauciflorum (Nutt.) DC. P. tenuiflora Pursh var. floribunda (Nutt.) Desmodium perplexum Schub. Syn. = Rydb. Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. *#Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. dillenii (Darl.) Isely. Rhynchosia latifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray Desmodium rotundifolium DC. #Robinia hispida L. Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & Gray Robinia pseudo-acacia L. #Desmodium viridiflorum (L.) DC. Senna marilandica (L.) Link. Syn. = Cassia Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt. Syn. = G. volubilis marilandica L. (L.) Britt. var. mississippiensis Vail. Sesbania herbacea (P. Mill.) McVaugh. Syn. = Gleditsia triacanthos L. S. exaltata Raf. Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Strophostyles helvula (L.) Elliot #Indigofera miniata Ortega Strophostyles leiosperma (Torr. & Gray) Piper *Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britt. *Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. Stylosanthes biflora (L.) B.S.P. Syn. = S. *#Lathyrus hirsutus L. biflora (L.) B.S.P. var. hispidissima (Michx.) *Lathyrus latifolius L. Pollard & Ball.

Hoagland, B.W. 37 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. Syn. = T. Quercus stellata Wangenh. virginiana (L.) Pers. var. holosericea (Nutt.) Quercus velutina Lam. Wallis listed formas Torr. & Gray. dilaniata Thel., macrophylla (Dippel) Trel., *Trifolium arvense L. and missouriensis (Sarg.) Trel. Trifolium carolinianum Michx. *Trifolium dubium Sibthorp Fumariaceae *Trifolium hybridum L. #Corydalis curvisiliqua Engelm. ssp. *Trifolium incarnatum L. occidentalis (Engelm. ex Gray) W.A. *Trifolium pratense L. Weber Trifolium campestre Schreb. Syn. = T. Corydalis crystallina Engelm. procumbens L. Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. Trifolium reflexum L. Corydalis micrantha (Engelm. ex Gray) Gray *Trifolium repens L. Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. *Trifolium resupinatum L. Vicia caroliniana Walt. Gentianaceae Vicia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. leavenworthii (Torr. #Gentiana alba Muhl. ex Nutt. & Gray) Lassetter & Gunn. Syn. = V. #Gentiana puberulenta J. Pringle leavenworthii Torr. & Gray var. Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh leavenworthii. Sabatia campestris Nutt. Wallis listed formas #Vicia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. ludoviciana albiflora D. M. Moore and campestris. Vicia minutiflora F.G. Dietr. *Vicia sativa L. ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. Syn. = V. Geraniaceae angustifolia L. var. segetalis (Thuill.) *Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Ait. W.D.J. Koch. Geranium carolinianum L. *Vicia villosa Roth #Geranium carolinianum L. var. sphaerospermum (Fern.) Breitung Fagaceae Geranium maculatum L. Castanea pumila (L.) P. Mill. var. ozarkensis *#Geranium molle L. (Ashe) Tucker. Syn. = C. ozarkensis Ashe. *Geranium pusillum L. Quercus alba L. Wallis listed formas alba, latiloba (Sarg,) Palmer & Steyerm. and Grossulariaceae viridis Trel. #Ribes missouriense Nutt. #Quercus buckleyi Nixon & Dorr Quercus falcata Michx. var. falcata Haloragaceae Quercus lyrata Walt. *Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. Syn. = Quercus macrocarpa Michx. M. brasiliense Camb. Quercus marilandica (L.) Muenchh. Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. Wallis lists Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walt.) B.S.P. forma alexanderi (Britt.) Trel. Quercus nigra L. var. nigra Hamamelidaceae Quercus palustris Muenchh. Hamamelis vernalis Sarg. Syn. = H. vernalis Quercus rubra L. var. ambigua (Gray) Fern. Sarg. var. tomentella (Rehd.) Palmer. Syn. = Q. rubra L. var. borealis (Michx. f.) Farw. Hippocastanaceae Quercus rubra L. var. rubra Aesculus glabra Willd. var. glabra. Syn. = A. Quercus shumardii Buckl. var. schneckii (Britt.) glabra Willd. var. sargentii Rehd. Sarg.

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Hydrangeaceae albiflorum D. M. Moore and amplexicaule. Hydrangea arborescens L. var. arborescens. *Lamium purpureum L. Syn. = H. arborescens L. var. oblonga Torr. *Leonurus cardiaca L. &Gray *Leonurus sibiricus L. Hydrangea cinerea Small. Syn. = H. Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W. Bart. Syn. = arborescens L. var. deamii St. John. L. americanus Muhl. var. scabrifolius Fern. Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. Lycopus rubellus Moench. Syn. = L. rubellus Moench. var. arkansanus (Fresn.) Benner. Hydrocharitaceae Lycopus uniflorus Michx. *#Egeria densa Planch. *Marrubium vulgare L. #Elodea canadensis Michx. *Melissa officinalis L. *Mentha×piperita L. (pro sp.) [aquatica × Hydrophyllaceae spicata]. Syn. = Mentha piperita L. Ellisia nyctelea (L.)L. *Mentha spicata L. Hydrolea ovata Nutt. ex Choisy #Monarda bradburiana Beck Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. Nemophila phacelioides Nutt. Monarda fistulosa L. ssp. fistulosa #Phacelia gilioides Brand #Monarda fistulosa L. ssp. fistulosa var. mollis Phacelia hirsuta Nutt. (L.) Benth. Phacelia strictiflora (Engelm. & Gray) Gray var. Monarda punctata L. ssp. punctata var. robbinsii Constance villicaulis (Pennell) Palmer & Steyermark. Syn. = M. punctata L. var. villicaulis Juglandaceae (Pennell) Shinners Carya alba (L.)Nutt.exEll.Syn.=Carya Monarda russeliana Nutt. ex Sims. Syn. = M. tomentosa (Lam. ex Poir.) Nutt. virgata Raf. Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch *Nepeta cataria L. #Carya glabra (P. Mill.) Sweet *Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch Physostegia angustifolia Fern. #Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don #Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. Carya ovalis (Wangenh.) Sarg. Syn. = Carya Prunella vulgaris L. Syn. = P. caroliniana Mill. ovalis (Wangenh.) Sarg. var. obcordata #Prunella vulgaris L. var. lanceolata (W. Bart.) (Muhl. & Willd.) Sarg. Fern. Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch Pycnanthemum albescens Torr. & Gray Carya texana Buckl. Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. Juglans nigra L. Pycnanthemum verticillatum (Michx.) Pers. var. pilosum (Nutt.) Cooperrider. Syn. = P. Lamiaceae (= Labiatae) pilosum Nutt. Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze Salvia azurea Michx. ex Lam. var. grandiflora #Blephilia ciliata (L.) Benth. Benth. Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House. Syn. Salvia lyrata L. = Satureja arkansana (Nutt.) Briq. Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. ex Spreng. Cunila origanoides (L.) Britt. Scutellaria incana Biehler *Glechoma hederacea L. Syn. = G. hederacea Scutellaria lateriflora L. L. var. micrantha Moricand. Scutellaria ovata Hill ssp. bracteata (Benth.) Hedeoma hispida Pursh Epling Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. Scutellaria ovata Hill ssp. ovata *Lamium amplexicaule L. Wallis listed formas Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. parvula

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#Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. australis Callirhoe alcaeoides (Michx.) Gray Fassett Callirhoe bushii Fern. Stachys tenuifolia Willd. Callirhoe digitata Nutt. var. digitata Teucrium canadense L. var. canadense. Syn. Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. and Gray) Gray var. = T. canadense L. var. virginicum (L.) Eat. involucrata Trichostema brachiatum L. #Callirhoe leiocarpa R.F. Martin Hibiscus laevis All. Syn. = H. militaris Cav. Lauraceae Hibiscus lasiocarpos Cav. Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume var. benzoin #Hibiscus moscheutos L. Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume var. pubescens *#Hibiscus syriacus L. (Palmer & Steyerm.) *#Hibiscus trionum L. Rehd. *Malva neglecta Wallr. Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees. Syn. = S. Malvastrum hispidum (Pursh) Hochr. Syn. = albidum (Nutt.) Nees var. molle (Raf.) Fern. Sidopsis hispida (Pursh) Rydb. Sida spinosa L. Lentibulariaceae Utricularia gibba L. Syn. = U. biflora Lam. Melastomataceae Rhexia mariana L. var. interior (Pennell) Kral & Linaceae Bostick. Syn. = R. interior Pennell #Linum berlandieri Hook. var. berlandieri Hook. var. berlandieri Menispermaceae Linum medium (Planch.) Britt. var. texanum Calycocarpum lyoni (Pursh) Gray (Planch.) Fern. Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. Linum pratense (J.B.S. Norton) Small. Syn. = Menispermum canadense L. L. lewisii Pursh var. pratense J.B.S. Norton Linum sulcatum Riddell Molluginaceae Glinus lotoides L. Loasaceae Mollugo verticillata L. Mentzelia oligosperma Nutt. ex Sims. Monotropaceae Loganiaceae #Monotropa hypopithys L. Polypremum procumbens L. #Monotropa uniflora L.

Lythraceae Moraceae Ammannia auriculata Willd. Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneider Ammannia coccinea Rothb. *Morus alba L. Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. Syn. = C. petiolata Morus rubra L. Koehne. Lythrum alatum Pursh Nelumbonaceae Lythrum alatum Pursh var. lanceolatum (Ell.) Nelumbo lutea Willd. Torr. & Gray ex Rothrock. Syn. = L. lanceolatum Ell. Nyctaginaceae Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne. Syn. = R. Mirabilis albida (Walt.) Heimerl ramosior (L.) Koehne var. interior Fern. & Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl Grisc. *Mirabilis jalapa L. Malvaceae Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. *Abutilon theophrasti Medik.

Hoagland, B.W. 40 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Nymphaeaceae ex S. Wats.) W. Dietr. Syn. = O. biennis L. Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. ssp. advena (Ait.) var. hirsutissima Gray. Kartesz & Gandhi. Syn. = N. advena (Ait.) Oenothera fruticosa L. ssp. fruticosa Alt. f. #Oenothera grandis (Britt.) Smyth Nymphaea odorata Ait. ssp. tuberosa (Paine) Oenothera laciniata Hill Wiersma & Hellquist. Syn. = N. tuberosa Oenothera linifolia Nutt. Ait. #Oenothera spachiana Torr. & Gray Nyssaceae #Oenothera speciosa Nutt. Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Syn. = N. sylvatica Oenothera villosa Thunb. ssp. villosa. Syn. = Marsh. var. dilatata Fern. O. biennis L. var. canescens Torr. & Gray. Oenothera triloba Nutt. Oleaceae #Forestiera acuminata (Michx.) Poir. Orobanchaceae Fraxinus americana L. Orobanche uniflora L. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Syn. = Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. Oxalidaceae subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern. Oxalis corniculata L. Syn. = O. corniculata L. Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. var. langloisii (Small) Wieg. *Ligustrum sinense Lour. #Oxalis dillenii Jacq. *Oxalis stricta L. Syns. = O. europaea Jord. Onagraceae var. bushii (Small) Wieg. and O. europaea #Calylophus serrulatus (Nutt.) Raven Jord. var. europaea.Wallislistedformas Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis (L.) europaea, pilosella Wieg., and villicaulis Aschers. & Magnus. Syn. = C. Wieg. quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. & Savigny Oxalis violacea L. Syn. = O. violacea L. var. ssp. canadensis (L.) A.& D. Löve. tricnophora Fasaett. . #Gaura biennis L. Gaura longiflora Spach. Syn. = G. biennis L. Papaveraceae var. pitcheri Torr. & Gray. Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B. Gaura mollis James. Syn. = G. parviflora Ownbey. Syn. = A. intermedia auct. non Dougl. ex Lehm. var. parviflora. Wallis Sweet. listed forma parviflora. *#Papaver dubium L. Ludwigia alternifolia L. Syn. = Ludwigia Sanguinaria canadensis L. Syn. = S. alternifolia L. var. pubescens Palmer & canadensis L. var. rotundifolia (Greene) Steyermark. Fedde. Ludwigia decurrens Walt. Syn. = Jussiaea decurrens (Walt.) DC. Passifloraceae Ludwigia glandulosa Walt. ssp. glandulosa Passiflora incarnata L. Wallis listed formas Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. Syn. = L. palustris alba Waterfall and incarnata. (L.) Ell. var. americana (DC.) Fern. & Grisc. Passiflora lutea L. Syn. = P. lutea L. var. Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) Raven ssp. glabriflora Fern. glabrescens (Kuntze) Raven. Syn. = Jussiaea repens L. var. glabrescens Phytolaccaceae Kuntze. Phytolacca americana L. #Ludwigia repens J.R. Forst. Rivina humilis L. Oenothera biennis L. var. biennis Oenothera elata Kunth ssp. hirsutissima (Gray

Hoagland, B.W. 41 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Plantaginaceae *Polygonum hydropiper L. Plantago aristata Michx. Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. #Plantago elongata Pursh hydropiperoides. Syns. = P. #Plantago heterophylla Nutt. hydropiperoides Michx. var. bushianum *Plantago lanceolata L. Stanford and P. hydropiperoides Michx. #Plantago major L. var. opelousanum (Riddell ex Small) #Plantago patagonica Jacq. Riddell ex W. Stone. Plantago pusilla Nutt. Polygonuum lapathifolium L. #Plantago rhodosperma Dcne. *#Polygonum orientale L. Plantago rugelii Dcne. Polygonum pensylvanicum L. var. Plantago virginica L. pensylvanicum Syn. = P. pensylvanicum #Plantago wrightiana Dcne. L. var. laevigatum Fern. Polygonum persicaria L. Platanaceae Polygonum punctatum Ell. var. confertiflorum Platanus occidentalis L. (Meisn.) Fassett Polygonum punctatum Ell. var. leptostachyum Podostemaceae ((Meisn.) Small #Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. Polygonum punctatum Ell. var. punctatum Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. Polemoniaceae Polygonum sagittatum L. #Phlox cuspidata Scheele Polygonum scandens L. Phlox divaricata L. ssp. laphamii (Wood) #Polygonum setaceum Baldw. Wherry. Syn. = P. divaricata L. var. Polygonum tenue Michx. laphamii Wood. Polygonum virginianum L. Syn. = Tovara Phlox pilosa L. ssp. ozarkana (Wherry) Wherry. virginiana (L.) Raf. Syn. = P. pilosa L. var. ozarkana Wherry. *Rumex acetosella L. Phlox pilosa L. var. pilosa Rumex altissimus Wood Polemonium reptans L. *Rumex crispus L. Rumex hastatulus Baldw. Polygalaceae *Rumex obtusifolius L. Polygala ambigua Nutt. Syn. = P. verticillata L. *#Rumex patientia L. var. dolichoptera Fern. *Rumex pulcher L. Polygala incarnata L. Polygala sanguinea L. Portulacaceae #Polygala verticillata L. Claytonia virginica L. Phemeranthus calycinus (Engelm.) Kiger. Syn. Polygonaceae = Talinum calycinum Engelm. Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. Phemeranthus parviflorus (Nutt.) Kiger. Syn. = *#Fagopyrum esculentum Moench Talinum parviflorum Nutt. #Polygonum amphibium L. Portulaca halimoides L. Syn. = Portulaca *Polygonum aviculare L. var. aviculare. Syn. = parvula Gray. P. aviculare L. var. vegetum Ledeb. Portulaca oleracea L. Polygonum buxiforme Small. Syn. = P. #Portulaca pilosa L. aviculare L. var. littorale (Link) W. D. J. Koch. Primulaceae *Polygonum convolvulus L. *#Anagallis arvensis L. *#Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. Androsace occidentalis Pursh

Hoagland, B.W. 42 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Centunculus minimus L. *Ranunculus parviflorus L. Dodecatheon meadia L. ssp. meadia. Wallis Ranunculus pusillus Poir. listed formas album and meadia. Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. Lysimachia ciliata L. Ranunculus sceleratus L. var. sceleratus Lysimachia lanceolata Walt. Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Avé-Lall. Syn. Samolus valerandi L. ssp. parviflorus (Raf.) = T. dasycarpum Fisch. & Avé-Lall. var. Hultén. Syn. = S. parviflorus Raf. hypoglaucum (Rydb.) Boivin. #Thalictrum dioicum L. Ranunculaceae Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin. Anemone caroliniana Walt. Wallis listed Syn. = Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Eames formas caroliniana and violacea Clute. &Boivin. Anemone berlandieri Pritz. Syn. = Anemone decapetala auct. non Ard. Rhamnaceae Anemone virginiana L. Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch Aguilegia canadensis L. Syn. = A. canadensis Ceanothus americanus L. Syn. = C. L. var. latiuscula (Greene) Munz. americanus L. var. pitcheri Torr.& Gray. Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. Syn. = C. Clematis pitcheri Torr. & Gray herbaceus Raf. var. pubescens (Torr. & *#Clematis terniflora DC. Gray ex S. Wats.) Shinners. Clematis versicolor Small ex Rydb. Frangula caroliniana (Walt.) Gray. Syn. = Clemiatis virginiana L. Rhamnus caroliniana Walt. var. caroliniana *Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur. Syn. = and Rhamnus caroliniana Walt. var. mollis Delphinium ajacis L. Wallis listed formas Fern. ajacis and alba R. H. Cheney. Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh ssp. glabrata Delphinium carolinianum Walt. ssp. (Gleason) Kartesz & Gandhi. Syn. = carolinianum. syn. = D. carolinianum Walt. Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh var. glabrata var. crispum Perry and D. carolinianum Gleason. Walt. var. nortonianum (Mack & Bush) Perry. Rosaceae Delphinium tricorne Michx. Wallis listed formas Agrimonia parviflora Ait. albiflora Millsp. and tricorne. Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. Enemion biternatum Raf. Syn. = Isopyrum Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. biternatum (Raf.) Torr. & Gray Amelanchier arborea (Michz. f.) Fern. Myosurus minimus L. #Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. var. Ranunculus abortivus L. var. abortivus alabamensis (Britt.) G.N. Jones Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow Syn. Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. var. pubescens = R. fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow var. (Rydb.) Fern. aprica (Greene) Fern. Crataegus coccinioides Ashe Ranunculus harveyi (Gray) Britt. Crataegus crus-galli L. Ranunculus hispidus Michx. Crataegus engelmanni Sarg. Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. nitidus #Crataegus intricata Lange (Chapman) T. Duncan. Syn. = R. Crataegus mollis Scheele carolinianus DC. #Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch Ranunculus laxicaulis (Torr.& Gray) Darby #Crataegus punctata Jacq. Ranunculus longirostris Godr. Crataegus reverchonii Sarg. Syn. = C. #Ranunculus macranthus Scheele reverchoni Sarg. var. discolor (Sarg.) Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. Palmer.

Hoagland, B.W. 43 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Crataegus spathulata Michx. Rubus mollior Bailey Crataegus viridis L. Rubus occidentalis L. *#Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke Rubus oklahomus Bailey Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Rubus trivialis Michx. Geum canadense Jacq. var. canadense. Syn. Sanguisorba annua (Nutt. ex Hook.) Nutt. ex = G. canadense Jacq. var. camporum Torr. & Gray (Rydb.) Fern. & Weath. Geum vernum (Raf.) Torr. & Gray Rubiaceae Gillenia stipulata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Baill. Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Malus ioensis (Wood) Britt. var. ioensis. Syn. = Diodia teres Walt. var. teres.Syn.=D. teres Pyrus ioensis (Wood) Bailey. Walt. var. setifera Fern. & Grisc. *Malus sylvestris P. Mill. Syn. = Pyrus malus #Diodia virginiana L. L. Galium aparine L. var. aparine. Syn. = G. Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. var. aparine L. var. vaillantii (DC.) Koch. intermedius (Rydb.) B.L. Robins. Galium arkansanum Gray Potentilla norvegica L. Galium circaezans Michx. var. hypomalacum *Potentilla recta L. Fern. Potentilla simplex Michx. var. simplex Galium concinnum Torr. & Gray #Prunus americana Marsh. #Galium obtusum Bigelow #Prunus angustifolia Marsh. #Galium pilosum Ait. var. pilosum #Prunus gracilis Engelm. & Gray Galium pilosum Ait. var. puncticulosum Prunus hortulana Bailey (Michx.) Torr. & Gray Prunus mexicana S. Wats. Syn. = P. Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop. americana Marsh. var. lanata Sudsworth. Galium triflorum Michx. Wallis listed formas Prunus munsoniana W. Wright & Hedrick. glabrum Leyend and triflorum. *Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Galium virgatum Nutt. Prunus rivularis Scheele. Syn. = P. reverchonii Houstonia purpurea L. var. calycosa Gray. Sarg. Syn. = Houstonia lanceolata (Poir.) Britt. Prunus serotina Ehrh. Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. #Prunus virginiana L. Houstonia pusilla Schoepf. Syn. = H. patens *#Pyrus communis L. Ell. Rosa carolina L. var. carolina. Syn. =R. Houstonia purpurea L. carolina var. villosa (Best) Rehd. Wallis #Houstonia rosea (Raf.) Terrell listed forma glandulosa (Crepin) Fern. #Oldenlandia boscii (DC.) Chapman Rosa foliolosa Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray *Sherardia arvensis L. Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr. Spermacoce glabra Michx. Rosa setigera Michx. var. setigera Stenaria nigricans (Lam.) Terrell var. nigricans. Rosa setigera Michx. var. tomentosa Torr. & Syn. = Houstonia nigricans (Lam.) Fern. Gray Rubus aboriginum Rydb. Rutaceae #Rubus argutus Link Ptelea trifoliata L. Rubus allegheniensis Porter #Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill. Rubus bushii Bailey. Syn. = R. fructifer Bailey, Salicaceae R. ozarkensis Bailey, and R. scibilis Bailey. *#Populus alba L. #Rubus flagellaris Willd. Populus deltoides Marsh. Rubus frondosus Bigelow. Syn. = R. pratensis Salix caroliniana Michx. Bailey. Salix humilis Marsh. var. humilis. Syn. = S.

Hoagland, B.W. 44 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

humilis Marsh. var. hyporhysa Fern. cinerea Pennell. Syn. = Gerardia Salix interior Rowlee. Wallis listed forma grandiflora Benth. var. cinerea (Pennell) wheeleri (Rowlee) Rouleau. Cory. Salix nigra Marsh. #Aureolaria pectinata (Nutt.) Pennell Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. Santalaceae Buchnera americana L. Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. ssp. umbellata. Syn. = C. richardsiana Fern. Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. Wallis listed formas coccinea and lutescens Farwell. Sapindaceae #Castilleja indivisa Engelm. #Cardiospermum halicacabum L. #Castilleja purpurea (Nutt.) G. Don Sapindus saponaria L. var. drummondii (Hook. #Collinsia verna Nutt. & Arn.) L. Benson. Syn. = S. drummondii Collinsia violacea Nutt. Hook. & Arn. Dasistoma macrophylla (Nutt.) Raf. Syn. = Seymeria macrophylla Nutt. Sapotaceae Gratiola neglecta Torr. Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. ssp. Gratiola virginiana L. oblongifolium (Nutt.) T.D. Pennington. *Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. Syn. = Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers. Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. Syn. = var. oblongifolia (Nutt.) Conobea multifida (Michx.) Benth. R. B. Clark. *Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. anagallidea Saxifragaceae (Michx.) Cooperrider. Syn. = L. Heuchera americana L. var. hirsuticaulis anagallidea (Michx.) Pennell. (Wheelock) Rosendahl Butters & Lakela Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia Penthorum sedoides L. Mecardonia acuminata (Walt.) Small var. #Saxifraga palmeri Bush acuminata.Syn.=Bacopa acuminata Saxifraga texana Buckl. (Walt.) B.L. Robins. Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. var. subintegra Mimulus alatus Ait. Goodman Mimulus glabratus Kunth var. oklahomensis Fassett Saururaceae #Mimulus ringens L. Saururus cernuus L. Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton. Syn. = Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumont. Scrophulariaceae var. texana (Scheele) Pennell. #Agalinis densiflora (Benth.) Blake Pedicularis canadensis L. ssp. canadensis. Agalinis fasciculata (Ell.) Raf. Syn. = Gerardia Syn. = P. canadensis L. var. dobbsii Fern. fasciculata Ell. Penstemon arkansanus Pennell Agalinis gattingeri (Small) Small. Syn. = Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims Gerardia Gattingeri Small. #Penstemon laxiflorus Pennell Agalinis heterophylla (Nutt.) Small ex Britt. Penstemon tubiflorus Nutt. Syn. = Gerardia heterophylla Nutt. Scrophularia marilandica L. Wallis listed Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. var. parviflora forma neglecta (Rydb.) Pennell. (Nutt.) Pennell. Syn. = Gerardia tenuifolia *Verbascum blattaria L. Wallis listed formas Vahl. var. parviflora Nutt. albiflora (Don) House and blattaria. #Agalinis viridis (Small) Pennell *Verbascum thapsus L. Aureolaria grandiflora (Benth.) Pennell var. #Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.

Hoagland, B.W. 45 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 *Veronica arvensis L. Tamaricaceae Veronica peregrina L. ssp. peregrine *#Tamarix chinensis Lour. Veronica peregrina L. ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) *Tamarix gallica L. Pennell. Syn. = V. peregrina L. var. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell. Tiliaceae Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. Tilia americana L. var. americana.Syn.=Tilia neglecta Spach. Simaroubaceae #Tilia americana L. var. caroliniana (P. Mill.) *#Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle Castigl.

Solanaceae Ulmaceae *Datura inoxia P. Mill. Syn. = D. meteloides Celtis laevigata Willd. var. laevigata auct. p.p., non Dunal. #Celtis laevigata Willd. var. texana Sarg. *Datura stramonium L. Celtis occidentalis L. Syn. = C. occidentalis L. Physalis angulata L. Syns. = P. angulata L. var. pumila (Pursh) Gray. var. lanceifolia (Nees) Waterfall and P. Celtis tenuifolia Mitt. var. ternilfolia. Syn. = angulata L. var. pendula (Rydberg) Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. var. georgiana. Waterfall. (Small) Fern. & Schub. Physalis cordata P. Mill. Syn. = P. pubescens Ulmus alata Michx. L. var. glabra (Michx.) Waterfall. Ulmus americana L. #Physalis hederifolia Gray Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. Physalis heterophylla Nees var. heterophylla *Ulmus pumila L. Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. longifolia.Syn.= Ulmus rubra Muhl. Physalis virginiana Mill. var. sonorae #Ulmus serotina Sarg. (Torr.) Waterfall. Physalis missouriensis Mackenzie & Bush Urticaceae #Physalis pubescens L. var. pubescens Boehmeria cylindrica (L.)Sw.var.cylindrica Physalis pubescens L. var. integrifolia (Dunal) Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell Waterfall Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. Physalis pumila Nutt. Pilea pumila (L.) Gray var. deamii (Lunell) Physalis virginiana P. Mill. var. virginiana Fern. Solanum americanum P. Mill. Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh Solanum carolinense L. Wallis listed formas Urtica dioica L. albiflorum (O. Ktze.) Benke and carolinense. Valerianaceae Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Valerianella longiflora (Torr. & Gray) Walp. Solanum rostratum Dunal Valerianella ozarkana Dyal. Syn. = V. bushii *Solanum physalifolium Rusby. Syn. = Dyal. Solanum sarachoides auct. non Sendtner. Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. #Solanum ptychanthum Dunal *#Veronica persica Poir. Verbenaceae *#Veronica polita Fries Callicarpa americana L Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Staphyleaceae Glandularia pumila (Rydb.) Umber. Syn. = Staphylea trifolia L. Verbena pumila Rydb. Phryma leptostachya L. Formerly placed in the Phrymaceae.

Hoagland, B.W. 46 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene Syn. = L. Des Moulins. lanceolata Michx. var. recognita Fern. & Parthenocissus quinguefolia (L.) Planch. Grisc. Wallis listed forma hirsuta (Donn) Fern. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene. Syn. = L. incisa #Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. aestivalis (Small) Tidestrom Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. bicolor Deam. Syn. Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr. = V. aestivalis Michx. var. argentifolia Verbena halei Small (Munson) Fern. Verbena hastata L. Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. lincecumii (Buckl.) Verbena simplex Lehm. Munson. Syn. = V. lincecumii Buckl. var. Verbena stricta Vent. Wallis listed formas glauca Munson. albiflora Wadmond and stricta. #Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard Verbena urticifolia L. var. urticifolia #Vitis palmata Vahl #Verbena urticifolia L. var. leiocarpa Perry & #Vitis riparia Michx. Fern. #Vitis rupestris Scheele Vitis vulpina L. Violaceae Hybanthus concolor (T.E. Forst.) Spreng. Zygophyllaceae Viola bicolor Pursh. Syn. = V. kitaibeliana R. & *Tribulus terrestris L. S. var. rafinesquii (Greene) Fern. Viola missouriensis Greene Monocotyledoneae #Viola ×palmata L. (pro sp.) [brittoniana or Acoraceae pedatifida × affinis or sororia] #Acorus calamus L. Viola pedata L. Syn. = V. pedata L. var. lineariloba DC. Agavaceae Viola pedatifida G. Don Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose. Syn. = Viola pubescens Ait. Syn. = V. pensylvanica Agave lata Shinners. var. pensylvanica. Yucca arkansana Trel. Viola pubescens Ait. var. scabriuscula Yucca filamentosa L. Schwein. ex Torr. & Gray. Syn. = V. #Yucca glauca Nutt. pensylvanica Michx var. leiocarpa (Fern. & Wieg.) Fern. Alismataceae #Viola X primulifolia Alisma subcordatum Raf. Viola sagittata Ait. Echinodorus cordifolius (L) Griseb. Viola sororia Willd. Syn. = V. papilionacea Sagittaria ambigua J.G. Sm. Pursh. #Sagittaria brevirostra Mackenzie & Bush Viola triloba Schwein. var. dilatata (Ell.) Sagittaria calycina Engelm. Brainerd Sagittaria graminea Michx. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Wallis listed formas Viscaceae (=Loranthaceae) hastata (Pursh) Robins. and latifolia.Syn. Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. = S. latifolia Willd var. obtusa (Engelm.) Johnston. Syn. = P. flavescens Nutt. ex Wieg. Engelm. #Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G. Sm.

Vitaceae Araceae Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott ssp. triphyllum. Ampelopsis cordata Michx. Syn. = A. atrorubens (Ait.) Blume. Wallis Cissus trifoliata (L.) L. Syn. = C. incisa (Nutt.) formas virde (Engler) Fern. and zebrinum

Hoagland, B.W. 47 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 (Sims) Fern. #Carex fissa Mackenzie Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott Carex flaccosperma Dewey Carex frankii Kunth Commelinaceae Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd. Syn. = Carex *Commelina communis L. haleana Olney. Commelina diffusa Burm. f. Carex gravida Bailey var. lunelliana Commelina erecta L. var. angustifolia (Michx.) (Mackenzie) F.J. Herm. Fern. Wallis listed forma crispa (Woot.) Carex grayi Carey. Syn. = Carex grayi Carey Fern. var. hispidula Gray. Commelina erecta L. var. deamiana Fern. Carex grisea Wahlenb. Syn. = Carex Commelina erecta L. var. erecta. Wallis listed amphibola Steud var. turgida Fern. formas erecta and intercursa Fern. Carex hirsutella Mackenzie Commelina virginica L. Carex hyalinolepis Steud. Tradescantia ernestiana E.S. Anderson & Carex jamesii Schwein. Woods. Wallis listed formas alba Waterfall Carex leavenworthii Dewey. Syn. = Carex and ernestiana. cephalophora Muhl. var. leavenworthii #Tradescantia hirsutiflora Bush (Dewey) Kükenth. Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. Wallis listed forma Carex laevivaginata (Kükenth.) Mackenzie ohiensis. #Carex louisianica Bailey Tradescantia ozarkana E.S. Anderson & Carex lupuliformis Sartwell ex Dewey Woods. #Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd. Carex lurida Wahlenb. Cyperaceae #Carex microdonta Torr. & Hook. Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth ex C.B. Clarke #Carex molestiformis Reznicek & Rothrock ssp. capillaris. Syn. = Bulbostylis capillaris Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. (L.) C. B. Clark var. crebra Fern. enervis Boott. Carex aggregata Mackenzie Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. #Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. albicans muehlenbergii. Carex amphibola Steud. var. amphibola Carex normalis Mackenzie Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn. Carex oklahomensis Mackenzie. Syn. = Carex Carex austrina Mackenzie stipata Muhl. var. oklahomensis Carex bicknelii Britt. (Mackenzie) Gleason. Carex blanda Dewey Carex oligocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd. Carex brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie #Carex oxylepis Torr. & Hook. Carex bulbostylis Mackenzie. Syn. = Carex Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd. amphibola Steud. var. globosa (Bailey) #Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. Bailey. #Carex shinnersii P. Fothr. & Reznicek Carex bushii Mackenzie Carex shortiana Dewey #Carex caroliniana Schwein. #Carex socialis Mohlenbrock & Schwegm. Carex cephalophora Muhl. var. cephalophora #Carex squarrosa L. Carex cherokeensis Schwein. Carex triangularis Boeckl. #Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Carex crawei Dewey Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. ex Torr. Carex crus-corvi Shuttlw. ex Kunze Cyperus bipartitus Torr. Syn. = Cyperus #Carex davisii Schwein. & Torr. rivularis Kunth. #Carex digitalis Willd. Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood. Syns. = #Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd. Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr. var.

Hoagland, B.W. 48 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 ovularis and Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) (Torr. & Hook. ex Torr.) Boeckl. Torr. var. sphaericus Boeckl. Fimbristylis vahlii (Lam.) Link Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Fuirena squarrosa Michx. *Cyperus esculentus L. Isolepis carinata Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. Syn. = Cyperus flavescens L. Syn. = Cyperus Scirpus koilolepis (Steud.) Gleason. flavescens L. var. poiformis (Pursh) Fern. Kyllinga pumila Michx. Syn. = Cyperus *#Cyperus iria L. tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy. Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks ssp. Lipocarpha drummondii (Nees) G. Tucker. lupulinus. Syn. = Cyperus filiculmis Vahl. Syn. = Hemicarpha drummondii Nees. Cyperus odoratus L. Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G. Tucker. Syn. = #Cyperus reflexus Vahl Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax. #Cyperus retroflexus Buckl. Syn. = Cyperus Rhynchospora harveyi W. Boott uniflorus Torr. & Hook. Rhynchospora macrostachya Torr. ex Gray #Cyperus setigerus Torr. & Hook. Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral. Syn. = Cyperus strigosus L. Syn. = Cyperus strigosus Rhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) Small L. var. robustior Britt. var. recognita Gale. Cyperus strigosus L. var. strigosus #Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl. ex Bigelow) Cyperus squarrosus L. Syn. = Cyperus A.& D. Löve var. acutus inflexus Muhl. Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Cyperus virens Michx. Schinz & R. Keller. Syn. = Scirpus Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roemer & J.A. americanus Pers. var. americanus. Schultes var. acicularis Syn. = Eleocharis Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Palla. acicularis (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes var. Syn. = Scirpus californicus (C.A. Meyer) gracilescens Svens. Steud. Eleocharis engelmanni Steud. Wallis lists Schoenoplectus heterochaetus (Chase) Soják. forma englemanni. Syn. = Scirpus heterochaetus Chase. #Eleocharis erythropoda Steud. Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Eleocharis lanceolata Fern. Palla. Syn. = Scirpus validus Vahl var. Eleocharis macrostachya Britt. creber Fern. Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth Scirpus atrovirens Willd. Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) J.A. Schultes Scirpus pendulus Muhl. Syn. = Scirpus #Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & J.A. lineatus auct. non Michx. Schultes Scleria ciliata Michx. var. ciliata #Eleocharis parvula (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Scleria oligantha Michx. Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. var. Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) Roemer & caroliniana (Willd.) Wood J.A. Schultes Scleria triglomerata Michx. Eleocharis radicans (A. Dietr.) Kunth. Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) J.A. Schultes var. Dioscoreaceae verrucosa (Svens.) Svens. *Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Syn. = Dioscorea Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roemer & J.A. batatas Dcne. Schultes. Syn. = Fimbristylis baldwiniana Dioscorea quaternata J.F. Gmel. (J.A. Schultes) Torr. Dioscorea villosa L. Wallis listed formas Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roemer & J.A. glabrifolia (Bartlett) Fern. and villosa. Schultes Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl var. Hydrocharitaceae puberula. Syn. = Fimbristylis drummondii Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John

Hoagland, B.W. 49 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker-Gawl. Iridaceae *Allium vineale L. Wallis listed formas *Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC compactum (Thuill.) Aschers and vineale. Iris cristata Ait. *Asparagus officinalis L. Iris virginica L. var. shrevei (Small) E. Anders. Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory Nemastylis nuttallii Pickering ex R.C. Foster Cooperia drummondii Herbert Sisyrinchium angustifolium P. Mill. Erythronium albidum Nutt. Sisyrinchium campestre Bickn. Wallis lists Erythronium americanum Ker-Gawl. forma kansanum (Bickn.) Erythronium mesochoreum Knerr. Syn. = Steyerm. Erythronium albidum Nutt. var. Sisyrinchium langloisii Greene. Syn. = mesochoreum (Knerr) Rickett. Sisyrinchium varians Bickn. #Erythronium rostratum W. Wolf *Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. Juncaceae Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville Juncus acuminatus Michx. Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link ssp. Juncus biflorus Ell. racemosum. Syn. = Smilacina racemosa Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. (L.) Desf. var. cylindrata Fern. Juncus diffusissimus Buckl. Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt. #Juncus dudleyi Wieg. *#Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Juncus effusus L. var. solutus Fern. & Wieg. Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. var. Juncus interior Wieg. commutatum (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Juncus marginatus Rostk. Morong. Syn. = Polygonatum Juncus nodatus Coville. Syn. = Juncus canaliculatum auct. non (Muhl. ex Willd.) acuminatus Michx. var. robustus Engelm. Pursh. Juncus scirpoides Lam. Trillium recurvatum Beck #Juncus secundus Beauv. ex Poir. #Trillium sessile L. Juncus tenuis Willd. Trillium viridescens Nutt. Juncus torreyi Coville Uvularia grandiflora Sm. Juncus validus Coville Zigadenus nuttallii (Gray) S. Wats. Luzula bulbosa (Wood) Smyth & Smyth #Luzula echinata (Small) F.J. Herm. Najadaceae Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. Orchidaceae Lemna valdiviana Phil. #Calopogon oklahomensis D.H. Goldman Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid. Calopogon tuberosus (L.) B.S.P. var. #Wolffia brasiliensis Weddell tuberosus.Syn.=Calopogon pulchellus #Wolffia columbiana Karst. R.Br.exAit.f. #Corallorrhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Poir. Liliaceae Corallorhiza wisteriana Conrad Aletris farinosa L. #Cypripedium kentuckiense C.F. Reed Allium canadense L. var. canadense #Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. Allium canadense L. var. lavandulare (Bates) Hexalectris spicata (Walt.) Barnh. Ownbey & Aase #Malaxis unifolia Michx. Allium canadense L. var. mobilense (Regel) Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G. Don. Syn. = Ownbey Habenaria lacera (Michx.) R. Br. *#Allium sativum L. Spiranthes cernua (L.) L.C. Rich.

Hoagland, B.W. 50 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. var. gracilis Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb. Syn. = (Bigelow) Luer. Syn. = Spiranthes gracilis Andropogon saccharoides Sw. (Bigelow) Beck. Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. Syn. = Spiranthes #Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb. ex Spreng.) grayi Ames. Beauv. Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & Gray *Bromus catharticus Vahl. #Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. *Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. hordeaceus. Syn. = Bromus mollis L. Poaceae (= Gramineae) *Bromus japonicus Thunb. *Aegilops cylindrica Host. Syn. = Aegilops Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. cylindrica Host. var. rubiginosa Popova. *Bromus secalinus L. *Agrostis gigantea Roth. Syn. = Agrostis alba *Bromus tectorum L. L. Cenchrus spinifex Cav. Syns. = Cenchrus Agrostis elliottiana J.A. Schultes incertus M.A. Curtis and Cenchrus Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. pauciflorus Benth. Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates. Syn. #Agrostis scabra Willd. = Uniola latifolia Michx. #Agrostis stolonifera Chloris verticillata Nutt. *Aira caryophyllea L. #Chloris virgata Sw. *#Aira elegans Willd. ex Kunth Cinna arundinacea L. Syn. = Cinna Alopecurus carolinianus Walt. arundinacea L. var. inexpansa Fern. & Andropogon gerardi Vitman. Syn. = Grisc. Andropogon gerardi Vitman var. Coelorachis cylindrica (Michx.) Nash. Syn. = chrysocomas (Nash) Fern. Manisuris cylindrica (Michx.) Kuntze. Andropogon ternarius Michx. *Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Andropogon virginicus L. var. virginicus.Syn. *Dactylis glomerata L. = Andropogon virginicus L. var. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roemer & tetrastachyus (Ell.) Hack. J.A. Schultes. Syn. = Danthonia spicata #Aristida basiramea Engelm. ex Vasey (L.) Beauv. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes var. Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. curtissii Gray ex longipila Scribn. & Merr. S. Wats. & Coult. #Diarrhena americana Beauv. Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. dichotoma Diarrhena obovata (Gleason) Brandenburg. Aristida longespica Poir. var. geniculata (Raf.) Syn. = Diarrhena americana Beauv. var. Fern. Syn. = Aristida intermedia Scribn. & obovata Gleason. Ball. #Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Aristida longespica Poir. var. longespica Gould & C. A. Clark Aristida oligantha Michx. #Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Aristida purpurascens Poir. C.A. Clark var. acuminatum *Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino. Syn. = Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino var. Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann. cryptatherus (Hack) Houda. Syn. = Panicum lanuginosum Ell. var. Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. fasciculatum (Torr.) Fern. *#Avena sativa L. #Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. Syn. = C.A. Clark var. lindheimeri (Nash) Gould & Axonopus affinis Chase. C.A. Clark *Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng. Syn. = Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A. Andropogon ischaemum L. Clark. Syn. = Panicum boscii Poir.

Hoagland, B.W. 51 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 #Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould (Schreb.) Muhl. Dichanthelium commutatum (J.A. Schultes) Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Gould. Syn. = Panicum commutatum #Digitaria villosa (Walt.) Pers. Schultes var. commutatum. *Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. Wallis listed #Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould forma zonalis (Guss.) Wieg. #Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould var. *Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. dichotomum *Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Gould & C.A. Elymus canadensis L. Clark. Syn. = Panicum latifolium L. Elymus hystrix L. Syn. = Hystrix patula Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould. Syn. = Moench. Panicum laxiflorum Lam. Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willd. Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn. ex Nash) Elymus virginicus L. var. virginicus. Syns. = Gould. Syns = Panicum linearifolium Elymus virginicus L. var. glabriflorus Scribn. var. linearifolium, Panicum (Vasey) Bush (Wallis listed formas linearifolium Scribn. ex Nash var. werneri australis (Scribn. & Ball) Fern., (Scribn.) Fern., and Panicum perlongum hirsutiglumis (Scribn.) Fern., and Nash. virginicus)andElymusvirginicus L. var. Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould. jejunus (Ramaley) Rydb. Syn. = Panicum malacophyllum Nash. *#Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau #Dichanthelium oligosanthes (J.A. Schultes) Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees Gould var. oligosanthes *Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen. Dichanthelium oligosanthes (J.A. Schultes) Syn. = Eragrostis megastachya (Koel.) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould. Link. Syns. = Panicum oligosanthes Schultes Eragrostis curtipedicellata Buckl. var. helleri (Nash) Fern. and Panicum *Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees oligosanthes Schultes var. scribnerianum Eragrostis frankii C.A. Mey. ex Steud. (Nash) Fern. Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees Dichanthelium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. Gould. Syn. = Panicum ravenelii Scribn. & Eragrostis intermedia A.S. Hitchc. Merr. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould. Syn. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. = Panicum scoparium Lam. Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould. #Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood Syn. = Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell. Festuca paradoxa Desv. Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould var. Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexeev. Syn. = isophyllum (Scribn.) Gould & C.A. Clark. Festuca obtusa Biehler. Syn. = Panicum polyanthes Schultes. #Glyceria acutiflora Torr. Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Glyceria striata (Lam.) A.S. Hitchc. Freckmann var. praecocius (A.S. Hitchc. & Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) B.S.P. Chase) Freckmann. Syn. = Panicum *#Holcus lanatus L. praecocius A.S. Hitchc. & Chase. Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger. Syn. = Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes. Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase. Syn. = Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. #Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. Leersia oryzoides (L) Sw. Wallis listed formas Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koel. glabra A.A. Eat. and oryzoides. *Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Leersia virginica Willd. Muhl. Syn. = Digitaria ischaemum Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth ssp. fascicularis

Hoagland, B.W. 52 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 (Lam.) N. Snow. Syn. = Diplachne muehlenbergii (Nash) Fern. fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv. Phalaris caroliniana Walt. Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi ssp. brachiata *#Phleum pretense L. (Steudl.) N. Snow. Syn. = Leptochloa *Poa annua L. filiformis (Lam.) Beauv. #Poa champaniana Scribn. *Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Poa pratensis L. Husnot. Syn. = Lolium multiflorum Lam. Poa sylvestris Gray #Melica mutica Walt. Polypogon interruptus Kunth Melica nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. *#Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus *#Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub #Muhlenbergia bushii Pohl *#Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) Beauv. Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash. Syn. #Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern. = Andropogon scoparius Michx. Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmel. #Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) K. Schum. Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen. Syn. = Muhlenbergia sylvatica Torr. ex Gray Setaria geniculata auct. non (Wild.) Beauv. #Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) B.S.P. *Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes Nassella leucotricha (Trin. & Rupr.) Pohl. Syn. ssp. pumila. Syn. = Setaria glauca (L.) = Stipa leucotricha Trin. & Rupr. Beauv. Neeragrostis reptans (Michx.) Nicora *Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Panicum anceps Michx. Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash Panicum brachyanthum Steud. *Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Panicum capillare L. var. capillare Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link. Syn. = Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. var. Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link var. suttiei dichotomiflorum (Farw.) Fern. Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. Sphenopholis filiformis (Chapman) Scribn. #Panicum obtusum Kunth Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. #Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. Syn. = Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. rigidulum. Syn. = Panicum agrostoides var. lobata (Trin.) scribn. Wallis listed Spreng. var. agrostoides. forma lobata. Panicum virgatum L. Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehler) A.S. Hitchc. Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Löve. Syn. = Syn. = Sporobolus canovirens Nash. Agropyron smithii Rydb. var. smithii. Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. #Paspalidium geminatum (Forsk.) Stapf compositus. Syn. = Sporobolus asper *Paspalum dilatatum Poir. (Beauv.) Kunth var. hookeri (Trin.) Vasey. Paspalum floridanum Michx. Syn. = Paspalum #Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. floridanum Michx var. glabratum Engelm. drummondii (Trin.) Kartesz & Gandhi Paspalum fluitans (Ell.) Kunth Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray Paspalum laeve Michx. Syn. = Paspalum Sporobolus heterolepis (Gray) Gray laeve Michx var. pilosum Scribn. Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn. Syn. = var. vaginiflorus Paspalum pubiflora Rupr. var. glabrum #Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood VaseyexScribn. var. ozarkanus (Fern.) Shinners Paspalum setaceum Michx. Syn. = Paspalum Steinchisma hians (Ell.) Nash. Syn. = Panicum ciliatifolium Michx. var. ciliatifolium and hians Ell. Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx. var. Tridens muticus (Torr.) Nash var. elongatus

Hoagland, B.W. 53 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

(Buckl.) Shinners. Syn. = Triodia elongata var. hastata (Willd.) A. DC. and Smilax (Buckl.) Scribn. bona-nox L. var. hederifolia (Bey.) Fern. Tridens flavus (L.) A.S. Hitchc. Syn. = Triodia #Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats. flava (L.) Smyth. Smilax glauca Walt. Syn. = Smilax glauca Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash. Syn. = Triodia Walt. var. leucophylla Blake. stricta (Nutt.) Benth. ex Vasey. #Smilax herbacea L. Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapman Smilax lasioneura Hook. Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. Smilax pulverulenta Michx. *Triticum aestivum L. #Smilax rotundifolia L. #Urochloa platyphylla (Munro ex Wright) R. Smilax tamnoides L. Syn. = Smilax tamnoides Webster L. var. hispida (Muhl. ex Torr.) Fern. *Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmel. Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. Sparganiaceae #Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Doell & Aschers. #Sparganium americanum Nutt. Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong Pontederiaceae #Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. Typhaceae Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Wild. *Typha angustifolia L. Typha domingensis Pers. Potamogetonaceae (= Zosteraceae) Typha latifolia L. Wallis listed formas ambigua *Potamogeton crispus L. (Sonder) Kronf. and latifolia. Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. Potamogeton foliosus Raf. ssp. foliosus Zannichelliaceae Potamogeton nodosus Poir. Zannichellia palustris L. Formerly a member of the Zosteraceae. Smilacaceae Smilax bona-nox L. Syn. = Smilax bona-nox L.

Hoagland, B.W. 54 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 The Vascular Flora of the Oklahoma Centennial Botanical Garden site Osage County, Oklahoma

Bruce W. Hoagland Amy Buthod Oklahoma Biological Survey Oklahoma Biological Survey Department of Geography University of Oklahoma University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019-0575 Norman, OK 73019-0575 *e-mail:[email protected]

This paper is a report on the results of an inventory of the vascular plants at the future site of the Oklahoma Centennial Botanical Garden in Osage County, Oklahoma. We collected a total of 293 taxa in 208 genera and 68 families. The families Poaceae and Asteraceae had the greatest number of species with 50 and 44 species respectively. Forty- one species of woody plants were present. Forty-four non-native species were present, representing 15% of the flora. No species tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventorywerepresent.

INTRODUCTION gently sloping to steep, loamy soils over shale and sandstone (Bourlier et al. 1979). Theobjectiveofthisstudywasto The climate is Subtropical Humid (Cf) complete a floristic inventory at the future (Trewartha 1968). Summers are warm and site of the Oklahoma Centennial Botanical o humid. Mean July temperature is 27.5 C Garden (OCBG) in southeast Osage County o (81.5 F). Winters are relatively short and (36.2017°N to 36.2109°N and 96.0555°W mild with a mean January temperature of and 96.0678°W). Construction of the o o 1.5 C (34.7 F). Mean annual precipitation is OCBG is scheduled to begin in late 2007 on 111.7 cm (43.8 in) (Oklahoma 87 hectares (215 acres). The master plan, Climatological Survey, 2007). Elevation developed by Marshall Tyler Rausch of ranges from 259 to 302 m (849.5 to 990.6 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, includes a ft). Potential natural vegetation at OCBG is Mexican Garden, Oklahoma Wildflower post oak-blackjack forest and tallgrass Garden, Cross Timbers Prairie and prairie (Duck and Fletcher 1943). Historical Woodland, Folk Garden, Horticultural land use of the site has included livestock Therapy Garden, Children’s Garden, grazing and oil exploration. Demonstration Gardens, and others. In addition, a 17-acre lake, an amphitheater, a METHODS visitor center, education buildings, and a conservatory will be constructed (Oklahoma Three collection sites were visited Centennial Botanical Garden 2007). monthly for floristic sampling. The TheOCBGsiteis located in the predominant vegetation association at these Claremore Cuesta plains geomorphic sites was classified according to Hoagland province of southeastern Osage County (2000). Additional collections were also (Curtis and Ham 1979). Surface geology is made opportunistically throughout the predominantly Pennsylvanian sandstone and OCBG. Collecting began in July of 2006 shale (Branson and Johnson 1979). Soils and continued through July of 2007. belong to the Niotaze-Darnell Association, Vouchers for non-native species were made described as moderately deep and shallow, from naturalized populations only, thus

Hoagland, B.W. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100053 55 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 excluding cultivated and ornamental plants. 1. Quercus stellata-Quercus marilandica forest Specimens were processed following association [QSQM] standard procedures and deposited at the This vegetation association occupied Robert Bebb Herbarium at the University of a small percentage of the OCBG. Common Oklahoma (OKL). Manuals used for associated species included Amelanchier specimen identification included Waterfall arborea, Antennaria plantaginifolia, Baptisia (1973) and Steyermark (1963). Origin, either bracteata var. leucophaea, Danthonia spicata, native or introduced to North America, was Helianthus hirsutus, Hypericum hypericoides, determined using the Plants Database Symphyotrichum patens, Myosotis verna, Opuntia (USDA-NRCS, 2007). Nomenclature humifusa, Sideroxylon lanuginosum, Smilax follows the United States Department of rotundifolia, Ulmus alata, and Viburnum Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation rufidulum. Service (USDA-NRCS 2007). 2. Schizachyrium scoparium-Sorghastrum nutans RESULTS AND DISCUSSION [SSN] This herbaceous grassland A total of 293 taxa of vascular plants vegetation association occupied the greatest in 68 families and 208 genera were collected area at the OCBG. Soils were typically at the OCBG (Appendix). Of the shallow with exposed cobble. Associated angiosperms, 92 species were Liliopsida and species included Amorpha canescens , 199 were Magnoliopsida (Table). There was Arnoglossum plantagineum, Callirhoe alcaeoides , one species of Pteridophyta and one of Coreopsis grandiflora, Cyperus echinatus, Coniferophyta. Forty-one species were Echinacea atrorubens, Krameria lanceolata, trees, shrubs, and woody vines. The Poaceae Lespedeza cuneata, Minuartia drummondii, and with 50 taxa, and the Asteraceae with 44 Pediomelum linearifolium. taxa, were the largest families. The genera Symphyotrichum (formerly Aster) and Cyperus 3. Wetland and aquatic vegetation [WETL] had the most species, with seven and six Wetland vegetation was restricted to species respectively. One hundred and a small stream bisecting the site and its seven taxa were annuals, 2 were biennials associated beaver pond. Common associates and 184 were perennials. included Alisma subcordatum, Ammannia Forty-four species (15% of the flora) auriculata, Callitriche heterophylla, Cephalanthus in 25 families were non-native to Oklahoma. occidentalis, Eclipta prostrata, Fimbristylis The percentage of non-native species at the autumnalis, Juncus brachycarpus, Ludwigia OCBG is high when compared to other palustris, Nelumbo lutea, Polygonum floristic surveys from Oklahoma, which pensylvanicum, Sagittaria ambigua,andSamolus range from 6.6%-15% (Hoagland and ebracteatus. Buthod 2004; Hoagland and Johnson 2005). The greatest numbers of non-native species 4.Disturbedareasandold-fieldvegetation occurred in the Poaceae, with eleven and [DAOF] Fabaceae, with eight. No species tracked by Disturbed areas coincided with the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory roadways and oil extraction sites. Common (2007) were encountered. associated species included Achillea Collection sites selected at OCBG millefolium, Aegilops cylindrica, Capsella bursa- occurred within four vegetation pastoris, Carduus nutans, Convolvulus arvensis, associations. A description of each Daucus pusillus, Juniperus virginiana, Lamium vegetation category follows: amplexicaule, Rhus copallinum, R. glabra, and Torilis arvensis.

Hoagland & Buthod 56 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 LITERATURE CITED Hoagland, B.W. and F.L. Johnson. 2005. Vascular flora of the Deep Fork River Bourlier, B.G., J.D. Nichols, W.J. Ringwold, in Okmulgee, Creek, and Okfuskee P.J. Workman, and S. Clemmons. Counties. Publications of the 1979. Osage County Soil Survey. Oklahoma Biological Survey 6: 15-29. United States Department of Oklahoma Climatological Survey. 2007. Agriculture, Washington, DC. Oklahoma Climatological Data. Branson, C.C., and K.S. Johnson. 1979. University of Oklahoma, Norman. Generalized geologic map of (www.ocs.ou.edu accessed 1 August Oklahoma. In: Johnson, K.S., C.C. 2007). Branson, N.M. Curtis, W.E. Ham, Oklahoma Centennial Botanical Garden. W.E. Harrison, M.V. Marcher, and 2007. Oklahoma Centennial Botanical J.F. Roberts (eds.). Geology and Earth Garden research and education center. Resources of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Tulsa, Oklahoma. Geological Survey, Norman, www.oklahomacentennialbotanicalgar Oklahoma. den.com accessed 1 September 2007). Curtis, N.M. and W.E. Ham. 1979. Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory. Geomorphic provinces of Oklahoma. 2007. Oklahoma Natural Heritage In: Johnson, K.S., C.C. Branson, N.M. Inventory working list of rare Curtis,W.E.Ham,W.E.Harrison, Oklahoma plants. University of M.V. Marcher, and J.F. Roberts (eds.). Oklahoma, Norman. Geology and Earth Resources of (www.biosurvey.ou.edu/publicat.html Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological accessed 1 August 2007). Survey, Norman, Oklahoma. Palmer, M.W., G.L. Wade, and P. Neal. Duck, L.G., and J.B. Fletcher. 1943. A game 1995. Standards for the writing of type map of Oklahoma. In: Duck, floras. Bioscience 45: 339-345. L.G., and J.B. Fletcher (eds.). A Steyermark, J.A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Survey of the Game and Furbearing IowaStateUniversityPress.Ames, Animals of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Iowa. Department of Wildlife Conservation, Trewartha, G.T. 1968. An Introduction to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Climate. McGraw-Hill, New York, Hoagland,B.W.2000.Thevegetationof New York. Oklahoma: a classification of USDA-NRCS. 2007. The PLANTS landscape mapping and conservation Database. National Plant Data Center, planning. Southwest Naturalist 45: Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. 385-420. (http://plants.usda.gov accessed 1 Hoagland, B.W. and F.L. Johnson. 2004. May 2007). Vascular flora of Red Slough and Waterfall, U.T. 1973. Keys to the Flora of Grassy Slough Wildlife Management Oklahoma. Published by the author, Areas, Gulf Coastal Plain, McCurtain Stillwater, Oklahoma. County, Oklahoma. Castanea 69: 284- 296.

Hoagland & Buthod 57 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Table Summary of floristic collections from the Oklahoma Centennial Botanical Garden site, Osage County, Oklahoma. Format follows Palmer et al. (1995).

Taxonomic Non- Group Taxa Native native Pteridophyta 1 1 0 Coniferophyta 1 1 0 Magnoliophyta 291 247 44

Magnoliopsida 199 165 34 Liliopsida 92 82 10 Total 293 249 44

Figure Oklahoma Centennial Botanical Garden site, Osage County, Oklahoma.

Hoagland & Buthod 58 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

APPENDIX

Annotated species list for the Oklahoma Centennial Botanical Garden, Osage County, Oklahoma. The first entry is habitat (QSQM=Quercus stellata-Quercus marilandica forest association, SSSN=Schizachyrium scoparium-Sorghastrum nutans grassland association, WETL=wetland and aquatic vegetation, DAOF=disturbed areas and old-field vegetation); followed by the life history (A=annual, B=biennial, P=perennial); habit (T=tree, S=shrub, V=woody vine, H=herb, G=graminoid); and collection number. Exotic species are denoted with an asterisk. Voucher specimens were deposited at the Robert Bebb Herbarium of the University of Oklahoma (OKL).

Pteridophyta Daucus carota* (Queen Anne’s lace) DAOF; B; Aspleniaceae H; OBG-296 Asplenium platyneuron (L.) B.S.P. (ebony D. pusillus Michx. (American wild carrot) spleenwort) QSQM; P; H; OBG-152 DAOF, SSSN; A; H; OBG-254 Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britt. (laceflower) Coniferophyta SSSN; A; H; OBG-304 Cupressaceae Spermolepis divaricata (Walt.) Raf. ex Ser. Juniperus virginiana L. (Eastern red cedar) (roughfruit scaleseed) SSSN; A; H; OBG- QSQM; P; T; OBG-231 305 Torilis arvensis* (Huds.) Link (spreading Magnoliophyta hedgeparsley) DAOF; A; H; OBG-256 Magnoliopsida Acanthaceae Aquifoliaceae Ruellia humilis Nutt. (fringeleaf wild petunia) Ilex decidua Walt. ( possumhaw) QSQM; P; S; SSSN; P; H; OBG-285 OBG-144 R. strepens L. (limestone wild petunia) QSQM; P; H; OBG-153 Asclepiadaceae Asclepias viridis Walt. (green antelopehorn) Amaranthaceae SSSN; P; H; OBG-032 Amaranthus albus L. (prostrate pigweed) DAOF;A;H;OBG-012 Asteraceae Achillea millefolium L. (common yarrow) DAOF, Anacardiaceae SSSN; P; H; OBG-219 Rhus aromatica Ait. (fragrant sumac) QSQM; Ambrosia psilostachya DC. (Cuman ragweed) P; S; OBG-184 DAOF;P;H;OBG-079 R. copallinum L. (flameleaf sumac) SSSN; P; Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. S; OBG-247 (prairie broomweed) DAOF, SSSN; A; H; R. glabra L. (smooth sumac) SSSN; P; S; OBG-097 OBG-255 Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards. Toxicodendron radicans L. (Kuntze) (poison (woman’s tobacco) QSQM; P; H; OBG-187 ivy) QSQM; P; S; OBG-334 Arnoglossum plantagineum Raf. (groovestem Indian plantain) SSSN; P; H; OBG-221 Apiaceae Carduus nutans* L. (nodding plumeless thistle) Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. (hairyfruit DAOF;B;H;OBG-208 chervil)DAOF,QSQM,SSSN;A;H;OBG- Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill (tall thistle) SSSN; 198 P; H; OBG-114

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C. undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. (wavyleaf thistle) Rudbeckia hirta L. (blackeyed Susan) SSSN; DAOF, SSSN; P; H; OBG-279 A; H; OBG-251 Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. (Canadian Solidago speciosa Nutt. (showy goldenrod) horseweed) DAOF; A; H; OBG-091 SSSN; P; H; OBG-132 C. ramosissima Cronq. (dwarf horseweed) S. ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. (elmleaf goldenrod) DAOF;A;H;OBG-089 QMQV; P; H; OBG-049 Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet Sonchus asper* (L.) Hill (spiny sowthistle) (largeflower tickseed) SSSN; P; H; OBG- DAOF;A;H;OBG-185 300 Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom C. tinctoria Nutt. (golden tickseed) DAOF, (common blue wood aster) QSQM; P; H; SSSN; A; H; OBG-059 OBG-130 Echinacea atrorubens Nutt. (Topeka purple S. ericoides (L.) Nesom var. ericoides (white coneflower) SSSN; P; H; OBG-284 heath aster) DAOF, SSSN; P; H; OBG-154 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (false daisy) WETL; A; S. lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom var. H; OBG-073 lanceolatum (white panicle aster) QSQM, Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. (prairie SSSN; P; H; OBG-133 fleabane) DAOF, SSSN; A; H; OBG-015 S. oblongifolium (Nutt.) Nesom (aromatic aster) Eupatorium serotinum Michx. (lateflowering SSSN; P; H; OBG-129 thoroughwort) QSQM; P; H; OBG-062 S. patens (Ait.) Nesom (late purple aster) Euthamia gymnospermoides Greene (Texas QSQM, SSSN; P; H; OBG-100 goldentop) SSSN; P; H; OBG-148 S. praealtum (Poir.) Nesom var. praealtum Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera (spoonleaf (willowleaf aster) SSSN; P; H; OBG-134 purple everlasting) -QSQM; P; H; OBG-237 S. subulatum (Michx.) Nesom (Eastern annual Grindelia lanceolata Nutt. (narrowleaf saltmarsh aster) DAOF, SSSN, WETL; A; gumweed) DAOF, SSSN; P; H; OBG048 H; OBG-105 G. papposa Nesom & Suh (Spanish gold) Taraxacum officinale* G.H. Weber ex Wiggers DAOF, SSSN; A; H; OBG-020 (common dandelion) DAOF; P; H; OBG- Helenium amarum (Raf.) H.Rock (yellowdicks) 180 DAOF;A;H;OBG-106 Verbesina virginica L. (white crownbeard) Helianthus hirsutus Raf. (hairy sunflower) QSQM; P; H; OBG-096 QSQM; P; H; OBG-121 Vernonia arkansana DC. (Arkansas ironweed) Iva angustifolia Nutt. ex DC. (narrowleaf QSQM; P; H; OBG-007 marshelder) WETL; A; H; OBG-125 V. baldwinii Torr. (Baldwin’s ironweed) DAOF, Krigia caespitosa (Raf.) Chambers (weedy SSSN; P; H; OBG-024 dwarfdandelion) QSQM; A; H; OBG-240 Xanthium strumarium L. (rough cocklebur) Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W.A. Weber & A. WETL;A;H;OBG-064 Löve (prairie groundsel) QSQM; P; H; OBG-192 Boraginaceae Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. (camphor Myosotis verna Nutt. (spring forget-me-not) pluchea) WETL; P; H; OBG-011 QSQM; A; H; OBG-267 Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & Burtt (rabbit tobacco) DAOF, SSSN; A; H; Brassicaceae OBG-002 Brassica nigra* (L.) W.D.J. Koch (black Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC. mustard)DAOF;A;H;OBG-195 (Carolina desert chicory) DAOF, SSSN; A; Capsella bursa-pastoris* (L.) Medik. H; OBG-280 (shepherd’s purse) DAOF; A; H; OBG-327

Hoagland & Buthod 60 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Cardamine parviflora L. var. arenicola (Britt.) Clusiaceae O.E. Schulz (sand bittercress) QSQM; A; Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz (St. H; OBG-194 Andrew’s cross) QSQM; P; H; OBG-098 Erysimum repandum* L. (spreading wallflower) H. punctatum Lam. (spotted St. Johnswort) DAOF;A;H;OBG-197 QSQM; P; H; OBG-295 Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. (common pepperweed) DAOF, SSSN; A; H; OBG- Convolvulaceae 190 Convolvulus arvensis* L. (field bindweed) DAOF;P;H;OBG-253 Cactaceae Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. (devil’s tongue) Cornaceae QSQM, SSSN; P; S; OBG-169 Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. (roughleaf dogwood) QSQM; P; T; OBG-232 Callitrichaceae Callitriche heterophylla Pursh (twoheaded Cuscutaceae water-starwort) WETL; A; H; OBG-216 Cuscuta cuspidata Engelm. (cusp dodder) DAOF;P;H;OBG-131 Campanulaceae Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pavón) Greene Ebenaceae (clasping Venus’ looking-glass) SSSN; A; Diospyros virginiana L. (common persimmon) H; OBG-241 QSQM; P; T; OBG-213

Caprifoliaceae Euphorbiaceae Lonicera japonica* Thunb. (Japanese Acalphya monococca (Engelm. ex Gray) L. honeysuckle) QSQM; P; V; OBG-214 Mill. & Gandhi (slender threeseed mercury) Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli SSSN; A; H; OBG-281 (common elderberry) QSQM; P; S; OBG- A. virginica L. (Virginia threeseed mercury) 265 QSQM; A; H; OBG-119 Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small (spotted (coralberry) QSQM; P; S; OBG-082 sandmat) DAOF; A; H; OBG-023 Viburnum rufidulum Raf. (rusty blackhaw) Croton capitatus Michx. (hogwort) DAOF, QSQM; P; S; OBG-189 SSSN; A; H; OBG-084 C. monanthogynus Michx. (prairie tea) DAOF, Caryophyllaceae SSSN; A; H; OBG-146 Arenaria serpyllifolia* L. (thymeleaf sandwort)- C. willdenowii G. L. Webster (Willdenow’s DAOF;A;H;OBG-242 croton) SSSN; A; H; OBG-043a Cerastium pumilum* W. Curtis (European Euphorbia dentata Michx. (toothed spurge) chickweed) DAOF; A; H; OBG-191 QSQM;A; H; OBG-102 Dianthus armeria* L. (Deptford pink) DAOF, E. heterophylla L. (Mexican fireplant) QSQM; SSSN; A; H; OBG-235 A; H; OBG-081 Minuartia drummondii (Shinners) McNeill E. spathulata Lam. (warty spurge) SSSN; A; H; (Drummond’s stitchwort) SSSN; A; H; OBG-277 OBG-273 Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt. (Carolina leaf- Stellaria media* (L.) Vill. (common chickweed) flower) DAOF; A; H; OBG-072 DAOF;A;H;OBG-176

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Fabaceae T. pratense*L.(redclover)DAOF;A;H;OBG- Amorpha canescens Pursh (leadplant) SSSN; 290 P; S; OBG-150 Vicia villosa* Roth (winter vetch) DAOF; A; H; A. fruticosa L. (desert false indigo) SSSN, OBG-288 WETL;P;S;OBG-076 Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Ell. var. Fagaceae leucophaea (Nutt.) Kartesz & Gandhi Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. (chinkapin (longbract wild indigo) SSSN; P; H; OBG- oak) QSQM; P; T; OBG-145 193 Q. shumardii Buckl. (Shumard’s oak) QSQM; Cercis canadensis L. (Eastern redbud) QSQM; P; T; OBG-139 P; T; OBG-208 Q. stellata Wangenh. (post oak) QSQM; P; T; Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench (partridge OBG-083 pea) DAOF, SSSN; A; H; OBG-087 Q. velutina Lam. (blackjack oak) QSQM; P; T; Crotalaria sagittalis L. (arrowhead rattlebox) OBG-335 SSSN; P; H; OBG-043 Dalea purpurea Vent. (violet prairie clover) Gentianaceae SSSN; P; H; OBG-258 Sabatia campestris Nutt. (Texas star) SSSN; A; Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt. (downy milkpea) H; OBG-283 QSQM; P; H; OBG-103 Gleditsia triacanthos L. (honeylocust) QSQM; Geraniaceae P; T; OBG-115 Geranium carolinianum L. (Carolina geranium) Kummerowia stipulacea* (Maxin.) Makino DAOF, SSSN; A; H; OBG-275 (Korean clover) DAOF; A; H; OBG-090 Lathyrus hirsutus* L. (Caley pea) DAOF; A; H; Haloragaceae OBG-282 Myriophyllum aquaticum* (Vell.) Verdc. (parrot Lespedeza cuneata* (Dum.-cours.) G. Don feather watermilfoil) WETL; P; H; OBG-202 (Chinese lespedeza) DAOF, SSSN; P; H; OBG-107 Juglandaceae L. repens (L.) W. Bart. (creeping lespedeza) Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (pecan) QSQM; P; H: OBG-156 QSQM; P; T; OBG-135 L. violacea (L.) Pers. (violet lespedeza) QSQM; C. texana Buckl. (black hickory) QSQM; P; T; P; H; OBG-035 OBG-128 L. virginica (L.) Britt. (slender lespedeza) QSQM; P; H; OBG-022 Krameriaceae Medicago lupulina* L. (black medick) DAOF; A; Krameria lanceolata Torr. (trailing krameria) H; OBG-172 SSSN; P; H; OBG-250 Melilotus officinalis* (L.) Lam. (yellow sweetclover) DAOF; A; H; OBG-060 Lamiaceae Mimosa nuttallii (DC.) B.L. Turner (Nuttall’s Hedeoma drummondii Benth. (Drummond’s sensitive-briar) SSSN; P; H; OBG-264 falsepennyroyal)SSSN;P;H;OBG-276 Pediomelum linearifolium (Torr. & Gray) J. Lamium amplexicaule* L. (henbit deadnettle) Grimes (narrowleaf Indian breadfruit) DAOF;A;H;OBG-181 SSSN; P; H; OBG-299 L. purpureum* L. (purple deadnettle) DAOF; A; Stylosanthes biflora (L.) B.S.P. (sidebeak H; OBG-182 pencilflower) SSSN; P; H ; OBG-252 Monarda fistulosa L. (wild bergamot) QSQM; P; Trifolium dubium* Sibthorp (suckling clover) H; OBG-260 DAOF;A;H;OBG-243

Hoagland & Buthod 62 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Prunella vulgaris L. (common selfheal) QSQM; Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. (marsh seedbox) P; H; OBG-257 WETL;P;H;OBG-001 Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. L. peploides (Kunth) Raven (floating primrose- (narrowleaf mountain mint) QSQM; P; H; willow) WETL; P; H; OBG-067 OBG-249 Oenothera linifolia Nutt. (threadleaf evening- Salvia azurea Michx. ex Lam. (azure blue primrose) SSSN; A; H; OBG-220 sage) SSSN; P; H; OBG-093 Scutellaria parvula Michx. (small skullcap) Oxalidaceae SSSN; P; H; OBG-302 Oxalis stricta L. (common yellow oxalis) DAOF, Teucrium candense L. (Canada germander) SSSN; P; H; OBG-095 WETL;P;H;OBG-101 O. violacea (violet woodsorrel) QSQM, SSSN; P; H; OBG-199 Linaceae Linum medium (Planch.) Britt. (stiff yellow flax) Passifloraceae SSSN; A; H; OBG-031 Passiflora incarnata L. (purple passionflower) L. sulcatum Riddell (grooved flax) SSSN; A; H; SSSN; P; H; OBG-248 OBG-030 Plantaginaceae Lythraceae Plantago aristata Michx. (largebraced plantain) Ammannia auriculata Willd. (eared redstem) QSQM; A; H; OBG-225 WETL;A;H;OBG-013 P. virginica L. (Virginia plantain) SSSN; A; H; Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. (blue waxweed) OBG-271 WETL;A;H;OBG-058 Polygalaceae Malvaceae Polygala incarnata L. (procession flower) Callirhoe alcaeoides (Michx.) Gray (light SSSN; A; H; OBG-274 poppymallow) SSSN; P; H; OBG-270 Polygonaceae Menispermaceae Polygonum pensylvanicum L. (Pennsylvania Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. (Carolina smartweed) WETL; A; H; OBG-298 coralbead) QSQM; P; H; OBG-226 P. punctatum Ell. (dotted smartweed) WETL; A; H; OBG-071 Nelumbonaceae Rumex crispus* L. (curly dock) DAOF, WETL; Nelumbo lutea Willd. (American lotus) WETL; P; H; OBG-209 P; H; OBG-287 Portulacaceae Oleaceae Phemeranthus parviflorum (Nutt.) Kiger Fraxinus americana L. (white ash) QSQM; P; (sunbright) SSSN; P; H; OBG-033 T; OBG-155 Portulaca oleracea* L. (little hogweed) DAOF; Ligustrum quihoui* Carr. (waxyleaf privet) A; H; OBG-108 QSQM; P; S; OBG-143 L. sinense* Lour. (Chinese privet) QSQM; P; S; Primulaceae OBG-046 Samolus ebracteatus Kunth (limewater brookweed) WETL; P; H; OBG-137 Onagraceae Gaura villosa Torr. (wooly beeblossom) SSSN; P; H; OBG-010

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Ranunculaceae Sapotaceae Delphinium carolinianum Walt. (Carolina Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. (gum bully) larkspur) SSSN; P; H; OBG-229 QSQM; P; T; OBG-052

Rosaceae Scrophulariaceae Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. (common Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. (disk serviceberry) QSQM; P; T; OBG-183 waterhyssop) WETL; P; H; OBG-109 Crataegus mollis Scheele (Arnold hawthorn) Castilleja indivisa Engelm. (entireleaf Indian QSQM; P; S; OBG-167 paintbrush) SSSN; A; H; OBG-200 C. viridis L. (green hawthorn) QSQM; P; S; Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell (yellowseed false OBG-186 pimpernel) WETL; A; H; OBG-078 Prunus mexicana S. Wats. (Mexican plum) Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton QSQM; P; T; OBG-110 (Canada toadflax) SSSN; A; H; OBG-272 P. serotina Ehrh.(blackcherry)QSQM;P;T; Veronica polita* Fries (gray field speedwell) OBG-045 DAOF;A;H;OBG-173 Rosa multiflora* Thunb. ex Murr. (multiflora rose) QSQM; P; V; OBG-263 Solanaceae R. setigera Michx. (climbing rose) SSSN; P; V; Physalis pubescens L. (husk tomato) SSSN; A; OBG-292 H; OBG-014 Rubus sp. (blackberry) DAOF, QSQM; P; V; Solanum americanum P. Mill. (American black OBG-204 nightshade) QSQM; A; H; OBG-017 S. carolinense L. (Carolina horsenettle) DAOF, Rubiaceae SSSN; P; H; OBG-075 Cephalanthus occidentalis L. (common S. elaeagnifolium Cav. (silverleaf nightshade) buttonbush) WETL; P; S; OBG-050 DAOF, SSSN; P; H; OBG-116 Diodia teres Walt.(poorjoe)SSSN;A;H;OBG- S. rostratum Dunal (buffalobur nightshade) 070 DAOF;A;H;OBG-075 Galium aparine L. (stickywilly) DAOF, QSQM; A; H; OBG-233 Ulmaceae G. pilosum Ait. var. puncticulosum (Michx.) Ulmus alata Michx. (winged elm) QSQM; P; T; Torr. & Gray (hairy bedstraw) QSQM; P; H; OBG-245 OBG-061 U. rubra Muhl. (slippery elm) QSQM; P; T; G. virgatum Nutt. (southwestern bedstraw) OBG-246 SSSN; A; H; OBG-233 Houstonia pusilla Schoepf (tiny bluet) SSSN; A; Valerianaceae H; OBG-174 Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. (beaked Sherardia arvensis* L. (blue fieldmadder) cornsalad)SSSN;A;H;OBG-268 DAOF;A;H;OBG-177 Verbenaceae Salicaceae Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr. Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. (Eastern (bigbract verbena) DAOF, SSSN; A; H; cottonwood) WETL; P; T; OBG-118 OBG-113 Salix nigra Marsh. (black willow) WETL; P; T; V. stricta Vent. (hoary verbena) DAOF; P; H; OBG-051 OBG-278 V. urticifolia L. (white vervain) QSQM; P; H; OBG-141

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Vitaceae C. virens Michx. (green flatsedge) WETL; P; G; Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. OBG-147 (Virginia creeper) QSQM; P; V; OBG-222 Eleocharis lanceolata Fern. (daggerleaf Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millard (graybark grape) spikerush) WETL; A; G; OBG-325 QSQM; P; V; OBG-297 E. obtusa (Willd.) J.A. Schultes (blunt spikerush) WETL; A; G; OBG-127 Zygophyllaceae E. palustris (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes Tribulus terrestris* L. (puncturevine) DAOF; A; (common spikerush) WETL; P; G; OBG- H; OBG-019 324 Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roemer & J.A. Liliopsida Schultes (slender fimbry) WETL; A; G; Alismataceae OBG-069 Alisma subcordatum Raf. (American water F. puberula (Michx.) Vahl (hairy fimbry) WETL; plantain) WETL; P; H; OBG-286 P; G; OBG-322 Sagittaria ambigua J.G. Sm. (Kansas F. vahlii (Lam.) Link (Vahl’s fimbry) WETL; A; arrowhead) -WETL ; P; H; OBG-266 G; OBG-063 S. latifolia Willd. (broadleaf arrowhead) -WETL Isolepis carinata Hook. & Arn. ex. Torr. (keeled ;P;H;OBG-027 bulrush) WETL; A; G; OBG-239 Rhynchospora globularis (Chapman) Small Commelinaceae (globe beaksedge) -WETL; P; G; OBG-323 Commelina erecta L. (whitemouth dayflower) Scirpus pendulus Muhl. (rufous bulrush) WETL; DAOF, SSSN; P; H; OBG-028 P; G; OBG-244 Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. (bluejacket) SSSN; P; H; OBG-236 Iridaceae Sisyrinchium campestre Bickn. (prairie blue- Cyperaceae eyed grass) SSSN; P; H; OBG-201 Carex aggregata Mackenzie (glomerate sedge) QSQM; P; G; OBG-328 Juncaceae C. blanda Dewey (Eastern woodland sedge) Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. (whiteroot rush) QSQM; P; G; OBG-326 WETL;P;G;OBG-318 C. festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd. (fescue sedge) J. diffusissimus Buckl. (slimpod rush) WETL; P; QSQM; P; G; OBG-330 G; OBG-055 C. frankii Kunth (Frank’s sedge) -WETL; P; G; J. interior Wieg. (inland rush) SSSN; P; G; OBG-163 OBG-321 C. microdonta Torr. & Hook. (littletooth sedge) J. marginatus Rostk. (grassleaf rush) WETL; P; SSSN; P; G; OBG-203 G; OBG-319 Cyperus croceus Vahl (Baldwin’s flatsedge) J. tenuis Willd. (poverty rush) WETL; P; G; SSSN; P; G; OBG-166 OBG-168 C. echinatus (L.) Wood (globe flatsedge) SSSN; P; G; OBG-099 Lemnaceae C. odoratus L. (fragrant flatsedge) WETL; A; G; Lemna minor L. (common duckweed) WETL; OBG-164 P; H; OBG-332 C. squarrosus L. (bearded flatsedge) DAOF; A; Wolffia columbiana (Columbian watermeal) G; OBG-065 WETL;P;H;OBG-333 C. strigosus L. (strawcolored flatsedge) SSSN; P; G; OBG-161

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Liliaceae D. scoparium (Lam.) Gould (velvet panicum) Allium canadense (meadow garlic) SSSN; P; QSQM; P; G; OBG-317 H; OBG-188 D. villosissimum (Nash) Freckmann (whitehair Erythronium mesochoreum Knerr (midland rosette grass) QSQM; P; G; OBG-310 fawnlily) QSQM; P; H; OBG-301 Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville (common goldstar) (Carolina crabgrass) DAOF; P; G; OBG- SSSN; P; H; OBG-217 003 Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt. (crowpoison) D. sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (hairy crabgrass) SSSN; P; H; OBG-179 DAOF;A;G;OBG-004 Echinochola crus-galli* (L.) Beauv. Orchidaceae (barnyardgrass) WETL; A; G; OBG-025 Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & Gray (spring Eleusine indica* (L.) Gaertn. (Indian ladies’-tresses)SSSN;P;H:OBG-291 goosegrass) DAOF; A; G; OBG-068 Elymus virginicus L. (Virginia wildrye) QSQM, Poaceae SSSN; P; G; OBG-312 Aegilops cylindrica* Host (jointed goatgrass) Eragrostis barrelieri* Daveau (Mediterranean DAOF;A;G;OBG-210 lovegrass) DAOF; A; G; OBG-008 Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. (winter E. intermedia A.S. Hitchc. (plains lovegrass) bentgrass) SSSN; P; G; OBG-307 QSQM; P; G; OBG-021 A. perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman (upland E. spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. (purple lovegrass) bentgrass) QSQM; P; G; OBG-306 DAOF, SSSN; P; G; OBG-018 Andropogon gerardii Vitman (big bluestem) Hordeum pusillum Nutt. (little barley) SSSN; A; SSSN; P; G; OBG-112 G; OBG-211 A. virginicus L. (Virginia wildrye) SSSN; P; G; Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. (rice cutgrass) OBG-117 WETL;P;G;OBG-314 Aristida dichotoma Michx. (churchmouse L. virginica Willd. (whitegrass) -WETL; P; G; threeawn) SSSN; A; G; OBG-038 OBG-140 Bothriochloa laguroides (DC.) Herter (silver Lolium perenne* L. (perennial ryegrass) DAOF; beardgrass) DAOF, SSSN; P; G; OBG-005 P; G; OBG-230 Bromus catharticus* Vahl (rescuegrass) DAOF; Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. A; G; OBG-206 (rock muhly) QSQM; P; G; OBG-029 B. tectorum* L. (cheatgrass) DAOF; A; G; Panicum anceps Michx. (beaked panicgrass) OBG-309 QSQM, SSSN; P; G; OBG-104 Buchloe dactyloides (buffalograss) SSSN; P; P. dichotomiflorum Michx. (fall panicgrass) G; OBG-218 WETL;A;G;OBG-122 Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roemer & P. philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. (Philadelphia J.A. Schultes (poverty oatgrass) QSQM; P; panicgrass) SSSN; A; G; OBG-123 G; OBG-207 P. rigidulum Bosc ex Nees (redtop panicgrass) Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. WETL;P;G;OBG-162 Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann P. virgatum L. (switchgrass) SSSN; P; G; OBG- (Western panicgrass) QSQM; P; G; OBG- 094 124 Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn. D. depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould (starved (hairyseed paspalum) SSSN, WETL; P; G; panicgrass) QSQM; P; G; OBG-311 OBG-053 D. malacophyllum (Nash) Gould (softleaf Phalaris caroliniana Walt. (Carolina rosette grass) QSQM; P; G; OBG-120 canarygrass) WETL; A; G; OBG-228

Hoagland & Buthod 66 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Poa annua* L. (annual bluegrass) QSQM; A; Steinchisma hians (Ell.) Nash (gaping grass) G; OBG-178 WETL;P;G;OBG-262 Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash (longspike tridens) (tumblegrass)DAOF,SSSN;P;G;OBG- DAOF, SSSN; P; G; OBG-044 057 Vulpia elliotea (Raf.) Fern. (squirreltail fescue) Schedonorus phoenix* (Scop.) Holub DAOF; P; SSSN; A; G; OBG-315 G; OBG-238 V. octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. (sixweeks fescue) Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash (little SSSN; A; G; OBG-315 bluestem) SSSN; P; G; OBG-149 Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen (marsh Potamogetonaceae bristlegrass) WETL; P; G; OBG-158 Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. (waterthread S. pumila* (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes pondweed) WETL; P; H; OBG-160 (yellow foxtail) DAOF; A; G; OBG-009 Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash (Indian grass) Smilacaceae SSSN; P; G; OBG-336 Smilax rotundifolia L. (roundleaf greenbriar) Sorghum halepense* (L.) Pers. (Johnsongrass) QSQM; P; V; OBG-223 DAOF, SSSN; P; G; OBG-111 S. tamnoides L. (bristly greenbriar) QSQM; P; Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. (prairie V; OBG-224 wedgescale) QSQM; P; G; OBG-308 Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray (sand Typhaceae dropseed) SSSN; P; G; OBG-016 Typha domingensis Pers. (southern cattail) - WETL;P;H;OBG-126

Hoagland & Buthod Oklahoma Native Plant Record 67 Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Vascular Plant Checklists from Oklahoma

Michael W. Palmer Department of Botany Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 email: [email protected]

A bibliography of 85 references involving Oklahoma flora is provided, 52 of which provide a vascular plant species list from an unambiguous area. I list geographic, topographic, and taxonomic summary data for 59 floras (some references provide multiple lists). The species-area relationship for Oklahoma (with a z value of 0.15) is similar to that of North America as a whole. In the face of imminent climate change, the pace of floristic research in Oklahoma needs to accelerate.

INTRODUCTION summarized the number of taxa in the species lists. In some cases geographic data are Vascular plant checklists are approximate. Details about the methodology proving valuable as raw material for are given in Fridley et al. (2006), Palmer (1995, broad-scale analyses of biodiversity (Qian 2005, 2007), Qian (in press), and Withers et al. and Ricklefs 1999; Chiarucci and Bonini (1998) as well as 2005). But they also prove a more basic http://botany.okstate.edu/floras/index.html (and arguable more essential) function: to guide practicing botanists in the field. For RESULTS AND DISCUSSION either purpose, it is useful to have access to bibliographic data to find such floras. I found 85 references including The Floras of North America floristic lists, or with titles suggesting the project (not to be confused with the Flora presence of such lists (Appendix 1). Of these, of North America Project; Flora of North I was able to gather complete data (minimum America Editorial Committee 1993) is an and maximum latitude and longitude, attempt to catalogue and analyze vascular minimum and maximum elevation, and the floras within North America, north of number of families, genera, species, total taxa, Mexico. The purpose of this paper is to and % alien species) for 51 references present a bibliography of floristic (Appendix 2). checklists within Oklahoma, and to The vascular plant species-area provide basic geographic and taxonomic relationship for Oklahoma is remarkably data for comparative purposes. similar to that of North America as a whole (Figure). The slope of the line, known in METHODS biogeography as the z coefficient, is 0.150, and is similar to that of many continental I used standard library techniques species-area relationships (Rosenzweig 1995). as well as informal inquiries to gather The fact that there is much scatter around the bibliographic information on floras from species-area relationship implies that there throughtout North America. I then may be interesting variation in biodiversity extracted geographic data (with help from that can be explained by environmental or maps and geographic databases) and biogeographic factors.

Palmer, M.W. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100054 68 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

While the list of Oklahoma floras American floras: an overview. Écoscience may seem impressive, a number of other 12: 386-390. states (led by California, Virginia, Iowa, Palmer, M.W. 2007. Species-area curves and Louisiana, Illinois, Texas, Arizona, Ohio, the geometry of nature. Pages 15-31 In: New York, and Wyoming) have surpassed D.Storch,P.A.Marquet,andJ.H.Brown, us in numbers of floristic publications. editors. Scaling Biodiversity. Cambridge Current work by Oklahoma botanists is University Press, Cambridge. helping to rectify the situation, with the Qian, H., J.D. Fridley, and M.W. Palmer. A work of Bruce Hoagland and his latitudinal gradient in species-are colleagues being most notable. relationships for vascular plants of North Nevertheless, there are ample America. American Naturalist. In press. opportunities for new teams of botanists, Qian, H. and R.E. Ricklefs. 1999. A including dedicated amateurs, to become comparison of the taxonomic richness of involved with basic floristic research. vascular plants in China and the United Indeed, with extreme climate change States. American Naturalist 154: 160-181. predicted for the region (Seager et al. Rosenzweig, M.L. 1995. Species diversity in 2007), it may not be too long before we space and time. Cambridge University lose many of our vascular plant species. Press, Cambridge. Thus, the time to document their Seager,R.,M.Ting,I.Held,Y.Kushnir,J.Lu, existence is now. G. Vecchi, H-P. Huang, N. Harnik, A. Leetmaa, N-C. Lau, C. Li, J. Velez, and N. REFERENCES CITED Naik. 2007. Model Projections of an Chiarucci,A.andI.Bonini.2005. Imminent Transition to a More Arid Quantitative floristics as a tool for the Climate in Southwestern North America. assessment of plant diversity in Science 316: 1181-1184. Tuscan forests. Forest Ecology and Tyrl, R.J., S.C. Barber, P. Buck, W.J. Elisens, Management 212: 160-170. P. Folley, L.K. Magrath, C.L. Murray, B.A. Committee, F.o.N.A.E. 1993. Flora of Smith, C.E.S. Taylor, and R.A. North America. Oxford University Thompson. 2007. Keys and Descriptions Press, New York. of the Vascular Plants of Oklahoma. Flora Fridley, J.D., H. Qian, P.S. White, and Oklahoma Inc., Noble. M.W. Palmer. 2006. Plant species Withers,M.A.,M.W.Palmer,G.L.Wade,P.S. invasions along the latitudinal gradient White, and P.R. Neal. 1998. Changing in the United States: comment. patterns in the number of species in Ecology 87: 3209-3213 North American floras. In T.D. Sisk, Palmer, M.W. 1995. How should one editor. Perspectives on the Land Use count species? Natural Areas Journal History of North America: A Context for 15: 124-135. Understanding our Changing Palmer, M.W. 2005. Temporal trends of Environment. USGS, Biological exotic species richness in North Resources Division, BSR/BDR-1998- 0003; p 23-32.

Palmer, M.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 69

4 Oklahoma (solid line, filled circles): y = 0.150x + 2.02 North America (dashed line, open circles): y = 0.156x + 2.00

3.5

3

2.5

log (number of species) 2

1.5

1 -20246810 log(area,inhectares)

Figure Species-area relationship for 59 Oklahoma floras (data from Appendix 2) in comparison with 2283 lists from throughout North America.

Palmer, M.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 70 Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Appendix 1 Vascular plant checklists written within Oklahoma. Although not conventionally included in bibliographies, first names are included, when available, to allow more ready identification of the scholars involved. The citation ends with a bracketed reference number associated with the Floras of North America project and the author reference in Appendix 2. Some citations are not floras, but are included here because their titles resemble those of floras and including them in this list avoids accidental rediscovery. Keywords follow the citations: COMPLETE = all taxonomic and geographic data have been gathered; DATA DUPLICATE = the same data are available in another source listed elsewhere; NO AREA = the geographical area is impossible to determine based on available information; NO DATA YET = the reference has either not yet been seen, or it has not been evaluated; NOT A FLORA = despite the name, the document is not a flora; OTHER STATES = data include regions outside Oklahoma; TAXA EXCLUDED = data were not gathered because some taxa (e.g. ferns, graminoids) were intentionally excluded.

Baalman, R.J. (1964): Plants collected at Salt County, Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Plains National Wildlife Refuge during University of Oklahoma, Norman. 27 1963 and 1964. Salt Plains National p. COMPLETE [92] Wildlife Refuge, Jet. COMPLETE Bogue, E.E. (1900): Annotated catalogue of [3248] the ferns and flowering plants of Baalman, R.J. (1965): Vegetation of the Salt Oklahoma. Okla. Exp. Sta. Bull. 45, 3- Plains Wildlife Refuge, Jet, Oklahoma. 48. COMPLETE [1228] Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Buck, P. (1977): Vascular plants of the Oklahoma, Norman. 129 p. NO Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. DATA YET [21328] Unpublished Report. COMPLETE Baldock, L.O. (1938): Flora of Kiowa County, [674] Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma Buckallew, R.; Caddell, G.M. (2001): A Agricultural and Mechanical College, floristic study of plant communities at Stillwater. 71 p. COMPLETE [89] the Uco Selman Living Laboratory in Barber,S.C.(1989):Floristiccomponentsof the Gypsum Hills of northwestern theGypsumHillsandRedbedPlains Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 81, of southwestern Oklahoma. 81. DATA DUPLICATE [20922] Southwest. Nat. 24, 431-437. DATA Buckallew, R.R.; Caddell, G.M. (2003): DUPLICATE [91] Vascular flora of the University of Barber,S.C.(1975):Afloristicstudyofthe Central Oklahoma Selman Living vascular plants of the Gypsum Hills Laboratory, Woodward County, andRedbedPlainsareaof Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 83, Southwestern Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, 31-45. COMPLETE [21316] Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. Buckallew, R.R. (2002): A floristic survey and 84 p. COMPLETE [90] description of vascular plant Barkley, E.A. (1933): A preliminary survey of communities at the Selman Living the vascular plants of Pottawatomie Laboratory, Woodward County, County, Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Oklahoma. MS Thesis, University of Sci., 45-46. NOT A FLORA [1547] Central Oklahoma. 122 p. Barkley, E.A.D. (1933): A preliminary list of COMPLETE [21259] the vascular plants of Pottawatomie .

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Bull, R.Z. (1932): Vascular plants of Greer Folley, P. (2003): Additions to Black Mesa County, Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Flora Study. Oklahoma Native Plant University of Oklahoma, Norman. 29 Record 3, 19-22. COMPLETE p. COMPLETE [94] [21363] Clark, L.C.G. (1997): Floristic and Gage, H.A. (1908): A preliminary list of the biosystematic investigations in plant plants of the Arbuckle Mountains. taxonomy. Ph.D. Dissertation, B.A. Thesis, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University. 248 p. Norman. 48 p. COMPLETE [98] COMPLETE [20002] Great Plains Flora Association (1977): Atlas Crandall, R.M. (2003): Vegetation of the of the Flora of the Great Plains. Univ. Pushmataha Wildlife Management of Iowa Press, Ames, Iowa. 600 pages. Area, Pushmataha County, Oklahoma. NO DATA YET, OTHER STATES MS Thesis, Oklahoma State [804] University, Stillwater. 114 p. Great Plains Flora Association (1986): Flora COMPLETE [21287] of the Great Plains. University Press Dale, E.E. Jr (1946): A preliminary survey of of Kansas, Lawrence. 1392 pages. the flora of the Arbuckle Mountains. COMPLETE, OTHER STATES M.S. Thesis, University of Oklahoma, [536] Norman. DATA DUPLICATE [2208] Hayes, C.R. (2003): The vascular flora of the Dale, E.E., Jr (1956): A preliminary survey of Sally Bull Hollow Tract of the Ozark the flora of the Arbuckle Mountains. Plateau National Wildlife Refuge, TexasJ.Sci.8,41-73.COMPLETE Adair County, Oklahoma. MS Thesis, [96] Oklahoma State University. 33 p. Dale, E.E., Jr (1959): The grasslands of Platt COMPLETE [21266] National Park, Oklahoma. Southwest. Hoagland, B.W.; Buthod, A.K. (2003): Nat. 4, 45-60. NO AREA [2210] Vascular flora of the Keystone Dwyer, D.D. (1958): An Annotated plant list Wildlife Management Area, Creek, of Adams' Ranch, Osage County, Pawnee, and Osage Counties, Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Fort Hays Oklahoma. Oklahoma Native Plant Kansas State College, Hays. NO Record 3, 23-37. COMPLETE DATA YET [97] [21364] Eskew, CT (1938): The flowering plants of Hoagland, B.W.; Buthod, A.K. (2004): the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Vascular flora of Hugo Lake Wildlife Refuge. Amer. Midl. Nat. 20, 695-703. Management Area, Choctaw County, TAXA EXCLUDED [556] Oklahoma. Southeastern Naturalist 3, Eskew, CT (1937): The flowering plants of 701-714. COMPLETE [21407] Wichita National Forest. M.S. Thesis, Hoagland, BW; Buthod, AK (2005): Vascular University of Oklahoma, Norman. flora of a gypsum dominated site in TAXA EXCLUDED [1116] Major County, Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Folley, P (1994): Checklist of plants found in Acad. Sci. 85, 1-8. COMPLETE Cleveland County. 15100 Etowah Rd., [21706] Noble OK 73068, (405)872-8361. Hoagland,B.W.;Buthod,A.K.;Elisens,W. COMPLETE [4852] (2004): Vascular flora of Washita Battlefield National Historic Site,

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Roger Mills County, Oklahoma. Sida plants of Oklahoma. Univ. Okla. Biol. 21, 1187-1197. COMPLETE [21491] Surv. Publ. 2, 39-101. COMPLETE Hoagland, B.W.; Crawford, P.H.C.; Crawford, [1117] P.T.; Johnson, F. (2004): Vascular Johnson,F.L.;Estes,J.R.;Lomolino,M.V.; flora of Hackberry Flat, Frederick Roedel, M.D.; Proctor, M.D.; Lake, and Suttle Creek, Tillman McCarty, N.A.; Leimgruber, P.; County, Oklahoma. Sida 21, 429-445. DeMarais, B.D.; Fuller, M.M.; COMPLETE [21360] Holloway, A.K.; Schnell, G.D. (1996): Hoagland, B.W.; Johnson, F. (2004): The Biological survey of Vance Air Force vascular flora of Red Slough and Base. (Final Report to Department of Grassy Slough Wildlife Management the Air Force, Headquarters 338 Areas, Gulf Coastal Plain, McCurtain Training Support Group (ATC) 338 County, Oklahoma. Castanea 69, 284- CONS/LGCU, 550 D Street East 296. ; COMPLETE [21479] STE 08, Randolph Air Force Base, Hoagland, B.W.; Johnson, F. (2004): Vascular Texas 78150-4434. Contract No. flora of Love Valley Wildlife M6700491D0018) Oklahoma Management Area, Love County, Biological Survey, Norman. 102 pages. Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 84, COMPLETE [21371] 9-18. COMPLETE [21707] Johnson, F.L.; Folley, Patricia A.; McCarty, Hoagland, B.W.; Johnson, F.L. (2001): N.A.; Benesh, D.L. (1998): Floral Vascular flora of the Chickasaw inventory of Pontotoc Ridge Preserve, National Recreation Area, Murray Oklahoma. (Report to the Nature County, Oklahoma. Castanea 66, 383- Conservancy) Oklahoma Native Plant 400. COMPLETE [20021] Society and Oklahoma Biological Hoagland, B.W.; Wallick, K. (2003): Vascular Survey, Norman. 24 pages. flora of Oolagah Wildlife Management COMPLETE [21372] Area in Nowata County, Oklahoma. Johnson, F.L.; Proctor, MD; McCarty, NA; Proc.Okla.Acad.Sci.83,47-62. Benesh, DL (1996): Biological Survey COMPLETE [21315] of Altus AFB, Oklahoma. Part 1. Hoagland,B.W.(2001):Floristiclistfor Floral Inventory. Oklahoma Biological Oklahoma County. Oklahoma Native Survey, Norman. COMPLETE Plant Record 1, 25-38. COMPLETE [21373] [20010] Johnson, F.L.; Proctor, MD; Young, EA; Holzinger, J.M. (1892): List of plants collected McCarty, NA; Vezey, EL; Schnell, by C. S. Sheldon and M. A. Carleton GD (1994): Floral Inventory of Camp in the Indian Territory in 1891. Gruber, Oklahoma. (Final Report to Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 1, 189-219. U.S. Army Construction Engineering NOT A FLORA [1305] Research Laboratories, Champaign, Jeffs,R.E.(1931):AKeytotheFernsand Illinois. Contract #DACA 88-90-D- Seed Plants of Oklahoma. University 0038, Delivery Order No. 0001) Mimeograph Pub. Norman. TAXA Oklahoma Biological Survey, EXCLUDED [2229] University of Oklahoma, Norman. 49 Jeffs,R.E.;Little,ElbertL.,Jr(1930):A pages. COMPLETE [21370] preliminary list of the ferns and seed

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Johnson, F.L.; Thompson, R.A.; Rudman, R.; Means, F.H. (1969): Vascular plants of Estes, J.R.; Schnell, G.D.; Harris, K.D. southeastern Oklahoma from the Sans (1990): Floral inventory of Fort Sill, Bois to the Kiamichi Mountains. Oklahoma. Oklahoma Biological Ph.D. Thesis, Oklahoma State Survey, Norman, Oklahoma. 114 University, Stillwater. 179 p. pages. (Report to U.S. Army COMPLETE [104] Construction Engineering Research Mericle, L.W. (1941): The spermatophytes of Laboratory, Champaign, IL) Custer County, Oklahoma. MS Thesis, COMPLETE [671] University of Oklahoma, Norman. Lahman, M.S. (1931): Observations of the TAXA EXCLUDED [21357] Flora of Delaware County, Oklahoma. Myers, W.S. (1929): A preliminary report on Proc.Okla.Acad.Sci.11,32-34. the flora of the Wichita Mountains. COMPLETE, NOT A FLORA M.S. Thesis, University Oklahoma, [2050] Norman. 121 p. NO DATA YET Little, E.L. Jr (1938): Flora of Muskogee [105] County, Oklahoma. Amer. Midl. Nat. Ozga, C.M. (1992): Atlas to the flora of 19, 369-389. COMPLETE [99] Woods County. Northwestern Little, E.L. Jr (1929): A botanical survey of Oklahoma State University, Alva. 206 Muskogee County, Oklahoma. Ph.D. pages. NO DATA YET [20844] Dissertation, University of Chicago. Palmer, M.W. (1993): Vascular plant diversity 203 p. COMPLETE [1882] in Oklahoma. Oklahoma State McCoy, D.A. (1958): Vascular plants of University Center for Water Research, Pontotoc County, Oklahoma. Amer. Stillwater. 30 pages. COMPLETE Midl. Nat. 59, 371-396. COMPLETE [1975] [101] Riddell, J.L.: (1835): A Synopsis of the Flora McDonald, C.B. (1974): A floristic study of of the Western States. E. Deming, Washington County, Oklahoma. Proc. Cincinnati, OH. 116 pages. NO Okla. Acad. Sci. 56, 53-54. NOT A DATA YET, OTHER STATES FLORA [103] [1663] McDonald, C.B. (1974): A floristic study of Roe, S.A. (1992): The vegetation of a tract of the native or naturalized vegetation of ancient cross timbers in Osage Washington County, Oklahoma. M.S. County, Oklahoma. MS Thesis, Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State University. 86 p. Stillwater. 93 p. TAXA EXCLUDED COMPLETE [20001] [102] Rogers, C.M. (1953): The vegetation of the McGregor, R.L.; Barker, W.T.; Barkley, T.M.; Mesa de Maya Region of Colorado, Wilson, JS (1975): Checklist of the New Mexico and Oklahoma. Lloydia Plants of the Great Plains. University 16, 257-290. COMPLETE [2051] of Kansas Herbarium, Lawrence, Rydberg, P.A. (1932): Flora of the Prairies and Kansas. NO DATA YET, OTHER Plains of Central North America. New STATES [70] York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. McPherson, J.K. (2003): Black Mesa Flora 969 pages. NO AREA, OTHER Study. Oklahoma Native Plant Record STATES [651] 3, 8-18. COMPLETE [21362]

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Schnell,G.D.;Johnson,F.L.;Gentry,J.L.Jr Taylor, C.E.S.; Magrath, L.K.; Folley, P.; (1979): Flora and fauna of Oklahoma Buck, P.; Carpenter, S. (1996): abandoned mine lands. Oklahoma Oklahoma vascular plants: additions Biological Survey, Norman. 132 pages. and distributional comments. Proc. NOT A FLORA [106] Okla.Acad.Sci.76,31-34.NO Shannon, K.A. (1997): A Floristic Survey of DATA YET [20870] the Nature Conservancy's Preserve in Taylor,R.J.;Taylor,C.E.S.(1991):An Johnston County, Oklahoma. MS Annotated List of the Fern, Fern Thesis, Oklahoma State University. 38 Allies, Gymnosperms and Flowering p. COMPLETE [20003] Plants of Oklahoma. 2nd ed. Biology Shannon, K.A. (2003): Floristic survey of The Department Herbarium, Southeastern Nature Conservancy's Pennington Oklahoma State University, Durant, Creek preserve in Johnston County, OK. 117 pages. COMPLETE [1964] Oklahoma 1997. Oklahoma Native Taylor,R.J.;Taylor,C.E.S.(1994):An Plant Record 3, 38-50. DATA annotated list of the ferns, fern allies, DUPLICATE [21365] gymnosperms and flowering plants of Sherwood, R.T.B.; Risser, P.G. (1980): Oklahoma. 3rd ed. Southeastern Annotated checklist of the vascular Oklahoma State University, Durant, plants of Little Sahara State Park, Oklahoma. 133 pages. COMPLETE Oklahoma.Southwest.Nat.25,323- [20006] 338. COMPLETE [107] Taylor, R.J.; Taylor, C.E.S. (Eds.) (1989): An Smith,B.A.;Tyrl,R.J.;Masters,R.E.(1997): annotated list of the ferns, fern allies, Floristic Inventory of the McCurtain gymnosperms, and flowering plants of County Wilderness Area, Oklahoma. Oklahoma. 1st ed. Southeastern Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 77, 99-102. Oklahoma State University, Durant, COMPLETE [20005] Oklahoma. 110 pages. NO DATA Smith, B.A. (1997): Floristic Investigations of YET [4303] the Flora of Oklahoma. Ph.D. The Nature Conservancy (1993): Plants of the Dissertation, Oklahoma State Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Osage University. 171 p. DATA County. Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, DUPLICATE [20004] Pawhuska Office. COMPLETE Stemen, T.R.; Myers, WS (1937): Oklahoma [4095] Flora. Harlow Publishing Corporation, Tyrl, R.J. (1980): Identification and mapping Oklahoma City. 706 pages. TAXA of the extant flora at the Deer Creek EXCLUDED [829] archaeological site (34Ka 3, Kaw Lake, Stevens, G.W. (1916): The flora of Oklahoma. Oklahoma). (Final Report.) M.S. Thesis, Harvard University, Environmental Resources Branch, Cambridge, Mass. TAXA U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Tulsa, EXCLUDED [2211] Oklahoma. 31 pages. COMPLETE Taylor,C.E.S.(1961):Ecologyandtaxonomy [2056] of Water Canyon, Canadian County, University of Tulsa, Faculty of Natural Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, University of Sciences (1977): A biological Oklahoma, Norman. 43 p. NO inventory of the Fort Gibson Lake DATA YET [2054] area.U.S.Dept.oftheArmy,Corps

Palmer, M.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 75

of Engineers, Tulsa Dist. NO AREA Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. [2212] 243 pages. NO DATA YET [20246] Van Vleet, A.H. (1902): Plants of Oklahoma. Waterfall, U.T. (1969): Keys to the Flora of Dept. of Geol. and Nat. Hist. Second Oklahoma. Published by the author, biennial report. 1901-1902:138-160. Stillwater, OK. 246 pages. NO DATA COMPLETE [1232] YET [830] Wallis, C.S. (1959): Vascular plants of the Waterfall, U.T.; Wallis, CS (1963): A list of the Oklahoma Ozarks. Ph.D. Thesis, vascular flora of Oklahoma Ozarks. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. Proc.Okla.Acad.Sci.44,11-22. NO DATA YET [108] COMPLETE [109] Waterfall, U.T. (1952): A Catalogue of the White, P.J. (1901): A study of the flora of Flora of Oklahoma. The Research Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, University of Foundation, Stillwater. 91 pages. NO Oklahoma, Norman. 96 p. DATA YET [3064] COMPLETE [1234] Waterfall, U.T. (1962): Keys to the Flora of Oklahoma. The Research Foundation,

Palmer, M.W. 76 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Appendix 2 Geographic data and taxonomic data from Oklahoma floras. The Reference numbers correspond to author references in Appendix 1. Multiple checklists within a reference are indicated by decimals. Note that lists for some areas (especially the state of Oklahoma as a whole) have been compiled multiple times.

Site name Year latitude longitude Min. Max. Area # # # #Tot. %of Appendix I Elev. Elev. (hectares) Families Genera spp Taxa species Author (m) (m) alien Reference Great Plains 1986 41.5 -104.0 290 1600 152226662 160 851 2862 3189 11.5 Grea 536 Mesa de Maya Region 1953 37.3 -103.7 1524 2088 56175 75 293 577 589 8.3 Roge 2051 Black Mesa Preserve 1994 36.9 -103.0 1456 1516 36 55 172 243 244 6.6 McPh 21362 Black Mesa State Park 2004 36.9 -102.9 1298 1516 312 58 191 300 301 7.0 Foll 21363 Washita Battlefield NHP 2004 35.6 -99.7 588 610 136 62 201 271 271 11.4 Hoag 21491 Greer County 1932 34.9 -99.6 487 669 165700 65 245 401 401 6.7 Bull 94 Gypsum Hills and Redbed Plains 1975 34.7 -99.5 366 671 514892 63 230 354 359 9.6 Barb 90 Altus Air Force Base 1996 34.7 -99.3 408 425 1036 63 175 232 233 17.2 John 21373 Selman Living Laboratory 2002 36.7 -99.2 511 560 130 60 155 226 226 9.7 Buck 21259 Selman Living Laboratory 2003 36.7 -99.2 511 560 130 61 149 229 229 9.2 Buck 21316 Kiowa Co. 1937 34.8 -99.1 399 730 265475 81 269 497 527 7.6 Bald 89 Gypsum dominated site 2005 36.4 -98.9 457 508 80 61 173 233 233 9.4 Hoag 21706 Hackberry Flat 2004 34.3 -98.9 349 366 2770 33 99 121 122 17.4 Hoag 21360.2 three sites in Tillman County 2004 34.4 -98.9 332 381 3842 69 241 357 352 13.7 Hoag 21360 Suttle Creek 2004 34.2 -98.9 332 358 161 55 155 182 182 9.3 Hoag 21360.3 Little Sahara State Park 1980 36.5 -98.9 423 470 146 55 145 181 181 6.6 Sher 107 Frederick Lake 2004 34.5 -98.9 360 381 911 52 155 185 187 10.3 Hoag 21360.1 Oklahoma 1952 35.2 -98.8 87 1516 17814538 141 741 2247 2542 8.9 Wate 3064 Oklahoma 1994 35.2 -98.8 87 1516 17814538 172 850 2549 2844 14.6 Tayl 20006 Territory of Oklahoma 1900 35.3 -98.8 110 1516 10108770 97 377 724 737 6.6 Bogu 1228 Territory of Oklahoma 1902 35.3 -98.8 111 1516 10108770 103 412 811 812 6.4 Van 1232 Oklahoma 1930 35.3 -98.8 88 1516 17781645 125 661 1957 1981 7.7 Jeff 1117 Oklahoma 1991 35.2 -98.8 87 1517 17944297 159 846 2548 2830 11.9 Tayl 1964 Wichita Mountain Wildlife Refuge 1977 34.8 -98.7 387 751 23885 104 359 730 749 5.5 Buck 674 Fort Sill 1990 34.7 -98.5 329 673 38300 99 344 556 562 11.5 John 671 Salt Plain National Wildlife Refuge 1964 36.8 -98.2 343 369 12955 71 200 293 298 9.6 Baal 3248

Palmer, M.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 77

Kegelman Auxiliary Field 1996 36.7 -98.1 345 370 431 68 187 276 277 9.1 John 21371.1 Pottawatomie County 1933 35.1 -98.0 274 345 212380 76 228 372 374 10.2 Bark 92 Oklahoma 1901 36.0 -98.0 86 1516 17781904 93 226 419 421 1.4 Whit 1234 Vance Air Force Base 1996 36.3 -97.9 388 401 740 31 77 94 94 46.8 John 21371 Cleveland County 1994 35.2 -97.9 311 386 137011 160 362 605 605 17.5 Foll 4852 Frank Tract 1998 36.2 -97.7 229 323 340 72 187 268 268 7.5 Roe 20001 Oklahoma County 2001 35.6 -97.4 267 429 186000 91 308 601 644 12.5 Hoag 20010 Deer Creek Archaeological Site 1980 36.7 -97.4 291 294 12 48 113 147 148 12.9 Tyrl 2056 Arbuckle Mountains 1908 34.4 -97.1 228 396 55943 73 162 211 221 5.7 Gage 98 Love Valley WMA 2004 33.8 -97.1 197 243 3134 86 258 368 368 8.4 Hoag 21707 Chickasaw NRA 2001 34.5 -97.0 240 352 3849 105 397 713 717 12.2 Hoag 20021 Arbuckle Mountains 1947 34.5 -96.9 229 415 222740 96 397 823 867 8.4 Dale 96 Pennington Creek 1997 34.4 -96.7 251 263 3 64 157 203 203 4.9 Shan 20003 Pontotoc County 1958 34.7 -96.7 244 396 185781 98 380 698 730 1.6 McCo 101 Pontotoc Ridge Preserve 1998 34.4 -96.6 257 340 1174 79 261 399 402 7.0 John 21372 Keystone WMA 2003 36.1 -96.5 222 237 4893 79 254 380 380 15.5 Hoag 21364 Tallgrass Prairie Preserve 1993 36.8 -96.4 256 352 12250 78 273 496 496 11.5 Palm 1975 Tallgrass Prairie Preserve 1993 36.8 -96.4 256 352 12250 81 258 517 517 8.9 The 4095 Boehler Seeps and Sandhills 1997 34.2 -95.9 155 175 235 84 225 345 346 4.3 Clar 20002 Preserve Oolagah Wildlife Management 2003 36.7 -95.6 192 258 5226 95 305 470 470 8.3 Hoag 21315 Area Hugo Lake WMA 2004 34.1 -95.5 121 154 6475 113 359 573 573 8.9 Hoag 21407 Muskogee County 1938 35.5 -95.4 183 301 213934 131 424 829 842 8.9 Litt 99 Muskogee County 1929 35.6 -95.4 142 300 219240 104 423 828 842 9.1 Litt 1882 Pushmataha WMA 2003 34.5 -95.4 150 400 7690 96 287 447 447 7.2 Cran 21287 Camp Gruber 1994 35.7 -95.1 152 327 19500 101 347 561 568 8.0 John 21370 Sans Bios/Kiamichi 1969 34.8 -94.9 152 914 277482 119 457 991 1067 7.9 Mean 104 Oklahoma Ozarks 1963 36.1 -94.8 140 457 875316 125 515 1206 1318 2.8 Wate 109 Red Slough/Grassy Slough WMA 2004 33.8 -94.8 200 113 2422 106 269 426 426 6.6 Hoag 21479 Red Slough WMA 2004 33.7 -94.8 100 104 2158 106 269 422 422 6.6 Hoag 21479.1 Grassy Slough WMA 2004 33.8 -94.8 105 113 264 92 221 318 318 6.6 Hoag 21479.2 McCurtain County Wilderness 1997 34.3 -94.7 183 415 5701 95 236 359 359 5.8 Smit 20005 Sally Bull Hollow Tract 2003 34.7 -94.6 300 500 810 62 145 219 219 8.7 Haye 21266

Palmer, M.W. 78 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 The Need for Savanna Restoration in the Cross Timbers

Caleb Stotts Michael W. Palmer Kelly Kindscher Restoration Technician Botany Department Kansas Biological Survey Tallgrass Restoration Oklahoma State University University of Kansas and Management, Lawrence, KS Stillwater, OK Lawrence, KS

Along the prairie/forest transition zone oak savannas have been severely degraded by logging, clearing for agriculture, fire suppression, invasion of exotic plants, and excessive livestock grazing. Savanna shares equal billing with tallgrass prairie as the most threatened plant community in the Midwest. As such, there is increasing interest in restoring these communities. Conservation criteria have not been developed for the post oak (Querces stellata) and blackjack oak (Querces marilandica) savanna of the Cross Timbers. Oak savanna was arguably an important component of the historical Cross Timbers region. Following settlement, overgrazing in conjunction with a decrease in fire frequency and/or intensity has increased the density of oak stands to the point where they resemble closed-canopy forests rather than savanna. This is a threat to the biodiversity of the Cross Timbers. Proactive land management practices are recommended for restoring savanna communities. Such efforts may require thinning-out areas of degraded oak savanna to help re-establish the herbaceous understory. Fire is recommended to restore ecological processes that limit woody plant encroachment and promote biodiversity. Further research should investigate the ecological dynamics and functions of oak savannas, as well as provide further guidelines for its conservation.

INTRODUCTION and communicate about various parts of the Along the prairie/forest transition landscape (Palmer and White 1994, Packard zone, oak savanna communities have been and Mutel 1997). Definitions adapted from severely degraded by logging, clearing for Faber-Langendeon (2001) and Lauver et al. agriculture, fire suppression, invasion of (1999) provide us with an operational exotic plants, and excessive livestock classification for common Midwestern grazing (Abrams 1992). Oak savanna shares upland communities: 1) prairie – areas equal billing with tallgrass prairie as the dominated by herbaceous vegetation (grass most threatened plant community in the and forbs); trees generally not exceeding Midwest and among the most threatened in 10% cover; 2) savanna – areas dominated the world (Henderson 1995). As such, there with herbaceous vegetation and scattered is increasing interest in restoring these trees with 10-25% cover; 3) woodland – communities (Whitney and Decant 2005). areas dominated by an open stand of trees In the Cross Timbers region, how ever, there with 25-60% canopy cover and a has been little effort to evaluate the herbaceous understory; and 4) forest – conservation status of savannas or areas dominated by trees with 60-100% woodlands. cover and little herbaceous vegetation. These communities are illustrated in Fig. 1. COMMUNITY CLASSIFICATION Savanna is maintained by frequent fire. Along the prairie-forest transition In the prairie/forest transition zone, zone, certain species of oaks are the only upland communities are not always discrete trees that were historically savanna. This is entities separated by sharp lines. Instead, in a large part due to their physiological they often blend into each other adaptations to fire, which include thick bark, imperceptibly. Even so, named communities prolific resprouting and resistance to rotting are useful abstractions that help us think after scarring (Abrams 1992).

Stotts, et al. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100055 79 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Just what the understory and ground In the Cross Timbers region, layer vegetation of oak savanna was like woodlands have a similar species historically is largely unknown (Henderson composition as savanna (Palmer, 1995). While no plant species is known to unpublished data). As such, we recognize be endemic to oak savanna (Nuzzo 1985), that many properties of savanna are likely to there are species that are considered be shared with woodlands, and we treat the savanna specialists in the Midwest (Packard twoaslargelysynonymousinthispaper. 1988). Historically, the savanna community was probably a slowly shifting mosaic of RESTORATION plant species associations that had varying OF MIDWEST OAK SAVANNAS degrees of shade and sun tolerance Nuzzo (1985) estimated that oak (Henderson 1995). savannas in eight states in the Midwest probably covered 11 to 13 million hectares CROSS TIMBERS SAVANNAS at the time of settlement and have been The Cross Timbers region is located reduced in extent by 99.98%. Packard in portions of Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, (1988) found that several plants that were and Arkansas (Fig. 2). It is characterized by historically associated with savanna a mosaic of upland communities including communities are now uncommon. prairie, savanna, woodland and forest (Fig. Populations of these ‘savanna specialists’ 3). Post oak (Quercus stellata) and blackjack have been successfully established through oak (Quercus marilandica) are the dominant restoration efforts. tree species throughout in the wooded Largely because of these findings, the systems. conservation value of savanna communities Kuchler (1964) defined the potential has been recognized and restoration efforts natural vegetation of the Cross Timbers as are increasing. The ultimate goal is to help savanna-like, characterized by tallgrass replace the loss of habitat that is leading to prairie with low broadleaf deciduous trees the gradual disappearance of plant and scattered singly or in groves of varying size. animal species (Packard 1988). These groves often occur with an open canopy cover and grassy understory MIDWEST OAK SAVANNA (Kuchler 1974). The herbaceous understory VS. CROSS TIMBERS SAVANNA of Cross Timbers savanna is similar in The Cross Timbers and certain areas of the composition to the surrounding prairie Midwest occupy a transition zone between (Dyksterhuis 1948; Kuchler 1964, 1974, the Great Plains and the Eastern Deciduous Palmer unpublished data). forest. Despite this, the savannas of the Savanna also occurs in the Cross Cross Timbers are considered distinct from Timbers region as a gradual transition Midwest Oak savannas to their north. between closed-canopy forests and (McPherson 1997). The Midwest is grasslands, with a margin of isolated trees characterized by its former glaciation, (Dyksterhuis 1957, Penfound 1962). This relatively mesic soils and northern plant sort of edge can be tens of meters wide. affinities, while the Cross Timbers region is Classifying some Cross Timbers sites as characterized by its largely sandy soils, savanna can be problematic due to the generally rough topography and southern tendency of post oak and blackjack oak to plant affinities. Furthermore, the Cross root sprout and produce groupings of trees Timbers has not experienced the extent of with interlocking crowns (Hoagland et al. sod-busting that the Midwest has, and 1999).

Stotts et al. 80 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 includes substantial areas of native tallgrass herbaceous understory and the associated prairie and old-growth forest. biodiversity. Despite these distinctions, there is Unlike the Midwest Oak savannas, very little difference in ecosystem there are no reliable estimates as to how classification. Küchler (1964) described much Cross Timbers savanna actually regions of oak savanna in the Midwest as existed at the time of settlement or how being nearly identical to that of the Cross much has been lost since settlement. Timbers in vegetation type; characterized by Despite this, these studies indicate that tallgrass prairie with broadleaf deciduous savannas were important aspects of the trees scattered singly or in groves. historical Cross Timbers region and now represent only a remnant of a vast HISTORICAL AND CURRENT EXTENT vegetation type. OF CROSS TIMBERS SAVANNA The extent to which we can BIODIVERSITY understand the structure of pre-settlement AND NATURAL HERITAGE vegetation is limited. Despite this, analysis Themosaicofcommunitiesinthe of historical accounts, early photographs, Cross Timbers provide for a wide variety of early land surveys, and existing vegetation habitat for plants and animals (Costello have provided much insight into historical 1969, Oklahoma Biodiversity Plan 1993), vegetation. Numerous authors have and savannas contribute to this habitat described historical vegetation communities diversity (Fig. 4). Savannas may produce an throughout the Cross Timbers region as edge effect, where interfaces between savanna-like (Bruner 1931, Dyksterhuis community types support species from both 1957, 1948, Lathrop 1958, Rice and communities, resulting in elevated species Penfound 1959, Penfound 1962, Kuchler composition. As in the Midwest, there may 1974, 1964, Johnson and Risser 1975, be savanna specialists in the Cross Timbers, Smiens and Diamond 1986, Hoagland et al. species that prefer the distinct habitat 1999, Francaviglia 2000). This is not to offered by an open stand of trees. Cross conclude that savanna was the dominant Timbers savanna should be valued in vegetation type in the Cross Timbers. It regards to their conservation status for their does indicate, however, that savanna was a contribution to the natural heritage of the well-represented component within a United States. This is especially true for mosaic of prairie and forest during the time post oak trees that have reached the age of of settlement. 200+ years (Fig. 5). Many authors conclude that, during According to the Oklahoma post-settlement, overgrazing in conjunction Biodiversity Plan (1993), foremost among with a decrease in fire frequency and / or the threats to plant diversity in Oklahoma is intensity has increased the density of oak a dramatic change in the fire regime from standstothepointwheretheyresemble what occurred historically. As the result of closed-canopy forests rather than savanna an altered fire regime, the encroachment of (Dyksterhuis 1948, 1957, Lathrop 1958, woody species into savannas is indeed a Rice and Penfound 1959, Penfound 1962, threat to the diversity of the Cross Timbers Bell and Hulbert 1974, Johnson and Risser (Rice and Penfound 1959, Johnson and 1975, Smiens and Diamond 1986, Abrams Risser 1975, Johnson 1986, Archer 1995, 1992, Hoagland et al. 1999). This Hoagland et al. 1999). conversion has been at the expense of the

Stotts, et al. 81 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Figure 1 Schematic diagram showing the changes in structure along a gradient from prairie to forest. This structural gradient is often reflective of a fire frequency gradient, with prairies maintained by more frequent fires (Faber-Langendeon 2001).

Figure 2 Location of the Cross Timbers region. (Adapted from Küchler 1964).

Figure 3 A Cross Timbers mosaic of prairie, savanna and forest communities.

Stotts et al. 82 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Figure 4 A Blackjack oak savanna. These scattered trees provide for habitat diversity.

Figure 5 This old-growth post oak tree has low, horizontal branches. This type of architecture may be indicative of its having grown in an open-canopy environment.

Stotts, et al. 83 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

RESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS Restoration is the work of enhancing In addition to providing optimum ecological quality. High quality communities habitat for many plant and wildlife species, have most natural processes intact and are oak savanna was probably the optimum rich in conservative plant species; those that habitat for many game species (e.g., are restricted to intact, natural remnants. bobwhite quail, turkey, deer, and rabbits) Disrupted or degraded systems (those that (Henderson 1995). Thus, management for have been plowed, overgrazed, protected oak savanna is compatible with traditional from fire, etc.) lose those conservative wildlife management and hunter interests. species. The principal challenge in remnant The ultimate goal should be to help restoration is to reinstate or speed up the restore habitats, the loss of which, has lead processes that allow these remnant- to the gradual disappearance of plant and dependent species of plants and animals to animal species (Packard 1988). For regain their important roles in the system example, the black-capped vireo is a native (Packard and Ross 1997). to the Cross Timbers region. This federally Several authors have commented on endangered species prefers to nest in open the need for proactive land management to savanna vegetation, and the decrease in combat woody encroachment in the Cross open savanna vegetation has had negative Timbers (Dyksterhuis 1948, Smiens and impacts on the population (Hoagland et al. Diamond 1986, Engle et al. 1996, 2006, 1999). This is a prime example of how Francaviglia 2000). Proactive land savanna restoration efforts could increase management practices are indeed biodiversity by providing habitat for a target recommended for restoring savanna. species. In degraded savannas, a Currently, savannas are not well combination of treatments is recommended represented throughout the Cross Timbers. for restoring an open-stand of trees with a Much of the Cross Timbers vegetation is grassy understory. Mechanical removal of now characterized by a mosaic of prairie trees with tree-clipping devices and/or andclosedcanopyforest.Byrestoring chainsaws may be used to thin dense stands. savanna communities, the structural For areas thick with shrubs, mowing diversity of the landscape is increased. treatments may be used. Fire should be These efforts will likely lead to higher used as a process to re-establish native compositional and functional diversity. grasses and forbs, with a long-term goal of Mendelson et al. (1992), however, promoting plant diversity and limiting criticize what they believe is a rush to create woody encroachment. savannas on forested sites that never There are many acres of private land supported savannas. Most crucially for the in the Cross Timbers with degraded oak Cross Timbers, there are old-growth forests savanna. A major obstacle to restoring in the region that have never been savanna- natural diversity on private lands has been like. Such forests are clearly not a target for the lack of economic incentive. Savanna savanna restoration. restorations, however, may provide Careful research should be used to increased forage and combat further loss of plan and implement any particular savanna forage due to woody encroachment. Light restoration project (see Packard and Mutel to moderate grazing can be compatible with 1997). Managers need to understand the maintaining the plant structure needed by characteristics of the site and the potential many savanna species (Henderson 1995). impacts of restoration techniques. Analysis of the site’s existing plant communities and

Stotts et al. 84 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 rare plant or animal populations is crucial. advantage of the higher soil moisture. Inference of pre-settlement vegetation Subsequent growth of woody plants, may through analysis of Government Land transform prairie into savanna or savanna Office (GLO) surveys, soils, and into forest (Jameson 1987). On the other topography should help guide the process. hand, the fine fuels which accumulate during these periods of high precipitation ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS may also dispose the system to intense fire INFLUENCING and thereby limit tree recruitment (Scholes CROSS TIMBERS SAVANNAS and Archer 1997). Savanna represents one component of Significant destruction of Cross a complex and dynamic ecosystem. Within Timbers trees during long periods of the Cross Timbers, there are several drought have been documented (Rice and interacting environmental factors Penfound 1959). While grasses are also influencing vegetation for a given area. damagedbydrought,theymayrapidly These include 1) climate; 2) soil; 3) reestablish areas due to their propagation by topography; 4) grazing; and 5) fire. rhizomes once there is sufficient soil Understanding how all of these factors moisture (Weaver 1968). Major droughts influence the relative abundance of woody in the Cross Timbers region occur at and herbaceous plants is fundamental to unpredictable intervals. Such droughts may managing for and restoring native savanna increasethechanceoffireduetodryfuels communities (McPherson 1997). (Axelrod 1985), however, it may decrease fire intensity due to decreased fuel Climate production (Skarpe 1992). The Cross Timbers is home to a Due to the effects of a variable dynamic climate that is capable of precipitation and fire regime, Cross Timbers supporting grassland or forest. There have savannas have possibly experienced a high been long-term ‘dry’ and ‘moist’ events, degree of shifting on the landscape, as well punctuated with shorter-term cyclic as conversions to full prairie or forest. variations in climatic conditions (Dean et Present vegetation may represent one phase al.1984). The climate of the Cross Timbers of a continually changing assembly of has varied substantially even over the last communities (Wethington 1994). This few centuries, where changes in rainfall information is important for predicting how patterns have caused east-west shifts in the a natural savanna community might respond ecotone (Shaw and Lee 1995). Interannual to changes in climate. and decadal variability in precipitation and temperaturehavebeennaturallyhighat Soils both local and regional scales (McPherson The very existence of Cross Timbers 1997). trees is largely traceable to certain geologic As precipitation regimes shifted, so unitsfromwhichthesandysoilsarederived did community composition and structure (Dyksterhuis 1948). These alternating (Wright 1963). Extreme climatic events materials have formed different soil may be more important than shifts in means associations that are characterized by (Katz and Brown 1992) for changes in coarse-textured sandy loam soils and by Cross Timbers savannas. “Pulses” of tree fine-textured clay loam soils. These are recruitment may occur during relatively generally associated with savanna or forest, brief periods of high soil moisture and grassland respectively (Dyksterhuis (McPherson 1997). Wet fuels decrease the 1948, Smeins and Diamond 1986). likelihood of fire and allow for trees to take

Stotts, et al. 85 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Studies in the Cross Timbers have damaging more of one vegetation type than indicated that soil moisture availability is the the other (McPherson 1997). As such, primary factor controlling species herbivores may interact with competition composition (Clark 2003, Johnson and patterns between woody and herbaceous Risser 1972, Rice and Penfound 1959). The vegetation as well as with fire regimes, and higher moisture-retaining capacity of coarse- maythusbeinvolvedinlarge-scale textured soils is largely responsible for physiognomic dynamics of savannas (Skarpe supporting the higher water demands of 1991). trees where rainfall is marginal for tree Ungulates like bison, elk, deer and survival (Bell and Hulbert 1974). Fine- pronghorn antelope, among other textured soils may reduce water availability herbivores were all present on the historical to woody plants below thresholds necessary prairie/forest transition. Of these, bison for survival in the dry summers (McAuliffe may have had the greatest impact on woody 1994). plant establishment in terms of their huge The USDA (2007) characterizes numbers and their alteration of fire intensity certain soil types in the Cross Timbers as (Shaw and Lee 1995). ‘savanna’ range site. These are the most High grass biomass can affect tree likely locations in which to restore a biomass by fueling fires. Bison grazing degraded savanna. could have reduced the fuel load and reduced fire frequency, intensity, or Topography continuity of spread (Baisan and Swetham Topography influences the ‘fire 1990). However, bison herds are believed probability pattern’ (Grimm (1984) that to have existed in low numbers in the Cross results from frequent fires superimposed on Timbers (Shaw and Lee 1995). landscape features that include fire-prone The effects of overgrazing cattle likely topographic regions as well as natural fire differed drastically from historical bison barriers. Frequency of fires for a prairie- grazing in the Cross Timbers. In the forest ecotone in pre-settlement times was absence of heavy cattle grazing, a largely determined by topographic relief and considerable quantity of litter was produced the distribution of firebreaks, such as between established trees. When fires waterways (Anderson 1990). started with these heavy fuel loadings, small Because fire frequency was trees and saplings were knocked back. The determined by the roughness of landscape resultwasanopenstandoftimber features, the density of trees on a landscape (Penfound 1962). In managing for savanna can often be viewed as a function of surface communities, overgrazing should not be roughness (Anderson 1990). Old-growth allowed to reduce the fuel loading to the forest in the Cross Timbers is highly related point where fire cannot suppress woody to steep and rocky slopes (Therrell and plants. Stahle 1998). Much of the Cross Timbers Fire forest prior to settlement was likely Fire has influenced plant communities associated with a fire-protected landscape. for millions of years. Fires are thought to As previously mentioned, old growth forests be important for the origin and maintenance are not the place for savanna restoration. of grassland, savanna, and woodland community physiognomies by limiting Grazing woody plant establishment (Anderson 1990, Native herbivores influenced the Sullivan 1995, Dorney and Dorney 1989). proportion of woody and herbaceous plants Native Americans have been in the by disproportionately consuming or Southern Plains for more than 10,000 years

Stotts et al. 86 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 (Kay 1998), during which they set frequent Once a savanna is re-established, fire to the tallgrass prairie landscape (Shaw carefully prescribed burns can maintain and Lee 1995, Moore 1995). open stands of Cross Timbers oaks for long Fire may promote grasses or woody periods of time (Engle et al. 2006). Used plants in Cross Timbers savannas, as both wisely, prescribed fire can enhance vegetation types are well-adapted to fire. biodiversity, combat tree encroachment, Fire frequency, fire intensity, and fire season reduce danger of catastrophic wildfires, and interact to shape the response of vegetation improve range conditions for livestock. to fire (Wright and Bailey 1982, Engle et al. 1996). A given fire may favor either grasses RESEARCH NEEDS or trees depending on the nature of these The current extent of high-quality interactions. savanna stands should be assessed Thefrequencyoffireplaysacritical throughout the Cross Timbers. Judgments role. In savanna ecosystems, a decrease in must be made as to the degree to which fire frequency leads to woody stands of vegetation appear to be encroachment, while more frequent fires functioning under natural ecological mayfavorarelativelystablecommunity processes. Plant identification in high- (Scholes and Archer 1997). Frequent fires, quality stands of oak savanna should be however, do little to suppress woody plant used to provide information on flora development if they are of low intensity composition, richness and physiognomy. (Briggs et al. 2005). Lists of fauna that utilize and prefer these Fire intensity varies as a function of communities should be compiled. This weather, stage of plant development, fuel information can be used to assess the load, topography, soil type, and previous integrity and functions of savanna management (Bidwell et al. 2004). communities, to analyze their contribution Generally, a well managed rangeland with to the biodiversity of the Cross Timbers, plenty of fine fuels will produce a high and as reference information for restoration intensity fire that may effectively control efforts. woody plant establishment. This While numerous studies indicate that underscores the importance of the current savannas were important components of the vegetation in not only shaping the fire historic Cross Timbers, their actual extent is environment, but also in the response of uncertain. Assessing the actual past extent vegetation to a given fire (Engle et al. 1996). of savanna remains a top research priority. The season of a fire is very important If savanna historically dominated the Cross for the relative effect on grasses and woody Timbers region and are now very poorly plants. The way species respond to a fire represented, their conservation would be a depends heavily on the timing of the fire very high priority. If savannas were relative to their phenological development. originally rare and transient, they would In general, plants that are actively growing, deserve less attention than if they are the flowering, or setting seed at the time of the last remnant of a vast vegetation type. fire, tend to decline over time (Davidson Unfortunately, tools for assessing past and Kindscher 1999). Burning at different extent of savanna vegetation are limited. times of the year is recommended to inhibit GLO surveys are perhaps the best certain species from dominating the available tool. Early land survey records community and to promote biodiversity. To have contributed significantly to our control woody plants, burning following understanding of the structure of North bud break and full leaf-out is the most America’s pre-settlement ecosystems. By effective time (Bidwell et al. 2004).

Stotts, et al. 87 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 way of summary, land surveys have been that can be broadly applied to savanna used to determine: 1) species compositions ecosystems would benefit ecological theory, of pre-settlement savannas and woodlands; modeling and land management (House et 2) landscape-level disturbance processes; 3) al. 2003). Fundamental questions include: site-specific determinants; 4) species What controls the relative abundance of associations and community classification, woody and herbaceous plants for a given set and; 5) vegetation types for mapping of conditions at given site? How do the purposes (Egan and Howell 2005). vegetation types interact with each other? Is This information has figured a given woody-herbaceous ratio dynamically prominently in the restoration of a number stable and persistent under a particular set of historic ecosystems (Egan and Howell of conditions (House et al. 2003). 2005). Schroeder (1981), for instance, Finally, circumstances under which created a statewide map of GLO surveys restoration techniques are effective or from Missouri that described a mosaic of ineffective need to be identified. As such, forest, woodland, savanna, and prairie restoration efforts should be monitored. landscapes. The map serves as a foundation for the Missouri Department of Natural CONCLUSION Resources efforts to restore savanna Oak savannas throughout the Cross ecosystems in that state’s parks (McCarty Timbers region have been degraded by 1998). This information is commonly used woody encroachment. Savanna restoration as a reference for restoration efforts, and efforts are recommended to combat this numerous post oak savanna restorations threat to biodiversity. The ultimate goal is have occurred with success in Missouri. to restore ecological processes and help The plat maps used for mapping, replace lost habitat that is leading to the however, were made up solely on the basis gradual disappearance of plant and animal of data written in the early surveyor’s notes, species. There is, however, much that is which have certain biases and limitations unknown about the ecological dynamics and (King 1978). Furthermore, we should view functions of savanna communities. It is this information as but one snapshot of past hoped that with research and restoration of vegetation patterns that were constantly savanna communities, some answers will be shifting with an ever-changing climate, provided. Native American activities (Batek et al. 1999), and grazing patterns. Also, early ACKNOWLEDGMENTS settlers may have cut down trees before the Theauthorsrecognizethe survey was completed. As such, we are invaluable contributions of the following: forced to consider just how representative The Stotts family, Jim Minnerath, Daniel they are as a true picture of the “pre- Dyer, the USFWS Eastern Kansas District settlement” vegetation (Noss 1985). Fire Crew, and the Stotts. The dynamics of savannas are not well known because landscape-level processes LITERATURE CITED have been radically, and sometimes Abrams, M.D. 1992. Fire and the irreversibly altered by recent human development of oak forests. BioScience activities. (Rebertus and Burns 1997) 52: 346-353. Further research should increase our Anderson, R.C. 1990. The historic role of understanding of the mechanisms of the fire in the North American grassland. Cross Timbers ecosystem. Elucidation of In: Collins, S. L. and L.L. Wallace. Fire the interactions, dynamics and determinants, in North American tallgrass prairies. and identification of robust generalizations

Stotts et al. 88 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Norman and London: University of Dyksterhuis, E.J. 1948. The vegetation of the Oklahoma Press. p 8-18. western cross timbers. Ecological Archer, S. 1995. Tree-grass dynamics in a Monographs 18: 325-376. Prosopis-thornscrub savanna parkland: Dyksterhuis, E.J. 1957. The savannah concept reconstructing the past and predicting and its use. Ecology 38: 435-442. Egan, D. and E.A. Howell. 2005. The historical the future. Ecoscience 2: 83-99. ecology handbook: A restorationist’s guide Axelrod, D.L. 1985. Rise of the grassland to reference ecosystems. Society for biome, Central North America. The Ecological Restoration International. Island Botanical Review 51: 163-201. Press. 457 pages. Batek, M.J. 1999. Reconstruction of early Engle, D. M., T. N. Bodine and J. E. Stritzke nineteenth-century vegetation and fire (2006). Woody plant community in the regimes in the Missouri Ozarks. Journal of cross timbers over two decades of brush Biogeography 26: 397-412. treatments. Rangeland Ecology & Bell, E. and Hulbert, L. 1974. Effect of soil on Management 59(2): 153-162. occurrence of cross timbers and prairie in Engle, D.M., T.G. Bidwell and R.E. Masters. Southern Kansas. Transactions of the 1996. Restoring cross timbers ecosystems Kansas Academy of Science. with fire. Transactions 61st North American Baisan, C.H. and T.W. Swetnam. 1990. Fire Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference. history on a desert mountain range: Rincorn p 190-199. Mountain Wilderness, Arizona, USA. Faber-Langendeon, D. 2001. Plant communities Canadian Journal of Forestry Restoration of the Midwest: classification in an 20: 1559-1569. ecological context. Association for Briggs, J.M., A.K. Knapp, J.M. Blair, J.L. Biodiversity Information, Arlington, Heisler, G.A. Hoch, M.S. Lett and J.K. Virginia, 2001. 61 pages. McCarron. 2005. An ecosystem in Francaviglia, R. V. 2000. The cast iron forest: A transition: causes and consequences of the natural and cultural history of the North conversion of mesic grassland to shrubland. American cross timbers. Austin, University Bioscience 55: 243-254. of Texas Press. Bruner, W.E. 1931. The vegetation of Grimm, E.C. 1984. Fire and other factors Oklahoma. Ecological Monographs 1(2): controlling the Big Woods vegetation of 100-113. Minnesota in the mid-19th century. Clark, S. L. 2003. Stand dynamics of an old- Ecological Monographs 54: 291-311. growth oak forest in the cross timbers of Henderson, R. 1995. Oak savanna communities. Oklahoma. [dissertation] Stillwater: In Wisconsin’s biodiversity as a Oklahoma State University. 193 pages. management issue: A report to Department Costello, D.F. 1969. The prairie world. of Natural Resources Managers. Madison: University of Minnesota Press. Wisconsin Department of Natural Minneapolis, Minnesota. 244 pages. Resources. p 88-96. Davison, C. and K. Kindscher. 1999. Tools for Hoagland, B. W., I. Butler, F.L. Johnson and S. diversity: fire, grazing, and mowing on Glen. 1999. The cross timbers. In R. C. tallgrass prairies. Ecological Restoration 17: Anderson, J. Fralish and J. Baskin. The 136-143. savanna, barren and rock outcrop Dean, W.E., J.P. Bradburn, R.Y. Anderson, communities of North America. New York: C.W. Barnosky. 1984. The variability of Cambridge University Press. p 231-244. Holocene climate change: Evidence from House, J. I., S. Archer, D. D. Breshears and R. J. varved lake sediments. Science 226: 1191- Scholes (2003). Conundrums in mixed 1194. woody-herbaceous plant systems. Journal of Dorney, C.H. and J.R. Dorney. 1989. An Biogeography 30(11): 1763-1777. unusual oak savanna in Northeastern Jameson, D.A. 1987. Climax or alternative Wisconsin: the effect of Indian-caused fire. steady states in woodland ecology. In American Midland Naturalist 122: 103-113. Everett, R.L. (ed). Proceedings: Pinyon-

Stotts, et al. 89 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 juniper conference, USDA For. Serv. Gen. Mendelson,J.,S.P.Atultz,andJ.D.Mendelson. Tech. Rep. INT-215, Ogden, UT. p 9-13. 1992. Carving up the woods: Savanna Johnson, F.L. and P.G. Risser. 1972. Some restoration in northeastern Illinois. vegetation-environment relationships in the Restoration & Management Notes. 10(2): upland forests of Oklahoma. Journal of 127-131. Ecology 60: 655-663. Moore, C.T. 1972. Man and fire in the Central Johnson, F. L. and P. G. Risser 1975. A North American grassland 1535-1890: A quantitative comparison between an oak documentary historical geography. forest and an oak savannah in central [dissertation] Los Angeles: University of Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist 20: 75- California.. 84. Noss, R.F. 1985. On characterizing Katz, R.W. and B.G. Brown. 1992. Extreme presettlement vegetation: how and why. events in a changing climate: variability is Natural Areas Journal 5: 1-19. more important than averages. Climatic Nuzzo, V.A. 1985. Extent and status of Change 21: 289-302. Midwest oak savanna: presettlement and Kay, M. 1998. The central and southern plains 1985. The Natural Areas Journal 6: 6-36. archaic. Archeology on the Great Plains. Oklahoma Biodiversity Task Force. 1996. University Press of Kansas. 522 pages. Oklahoma’s biodiversity plan: A shared Kline, V.M. 1997. Orchards of oak and a sea of vision for conserving our natural heritage. grass. In Packard, S. and Cornelia F. Mutel Oklahoma City: Oklahoma, Oklahoma (eds). The tallgrass restoration handbook: Department of Wildlife Conservation. For prairies, savannas, and woodlands. Packard, S. 1988. Just a few oddball species: Washington, D.C.; Island Press. p 3-21. restoration and the rediscovery of the King, J.E. 1978. Late quarternary vegetational tallgrass savanna – in Cook County, Illinois. history of Illinois. Ecological Monographs Restoration and Management Notes 6, no. 51: 43-62. 1: 13-20. Küchler, A.W. 1964. Potential natural vegetation Packard, S. and C.F. Mutel. 1997. Perspective. of the conterminous United States, The Tallgrass Restoration Handbook: For American Geographical Society, Special Prairies, Savannas, and Woodlands. Publication No. 36. p 586-604. Washington D.C. Island Press. p xxv- xxxiv. Küchler, A.W. 1974. A new vegetation map of Packard, S. and L.M. Ross. 1997. Restoring Kansas. Ecology 55: 586-604. Remnants. In Packard, S. and Cornelia F. Lathrop, E.W. 1958. The flora and ecology of Mutel (eds). The Tallgrass Restoration the Chautaqua Hills in Kansas. University Handbook: For Prairies, Savannas, and of Kansas Science Bulletin 39: 97-209. Woodlands. Washington D.C. Island Press. Lauver, C.L., K. Kindscher, D. Faber- p 63-88. Langendoen and R. Schneider. 1999. A Palmer,M.W.(inpress).Vascularfloraofthe classification of the natural vegetation of Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Osage County, Kansas. The Southwestern Naturalist 44: Oklahoma. Castanea. Forthcoming. 421-443. Palmer, M.W. and P.S. White. 1994. On the McAuliffe, J.R. 1994. Landscape evolution, soil existence of ecological communities. formation, and ecological patterns and Journal of Vegetation Science 5: 279-282. processes in Sonoran Desert bajadas. Penfound, W. T. (1962). The savanna concept Ecological Monographs 64: 111-148. in Oklahoma. Ecology 43(4): 774-775. McCarty, K. 1998. Landscape-scale restoration Rebertus, A.J. and B.R. Burns. 1997. The in Missouri savannas and woodlands. importance of gap processes in the Restoration & Management Notes 16(1): development and maintenance of oak 22-32. savannas and dry forests. The Journal of McPherson, G.R. 1997. Ecology and Ecology 85: 635-645. management of North American savannas. Rice, E.L. and W.T. Penfound. 1959. The Tucson: The University of Arizona Press. upland forests of Oklahoma. Ecology 40: 593-608.

Stotts et al. 90 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007 Scholes, R.J. and S.R. Archer. 1997. Tree-grass Therrell, M.D. and D.W. Stahle. 1998. A interactions in savannas. Annual Review of predictive model to locate ancient forests in Ecological Systems 28: 517-544. the Cross Timbers of Osage County, Schroeder, S.A. 1981. Presettlement prairie of Oklahoma. Journal of Biogeography 25: Missouri. Natural History Series, 847-854 Publication No. 2. Jefferson City: Missouri USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Department of Conservation. Plains Range Research Station. 2007. Range Shaw, J.H. and M. Lee. 1995. Ecological Sites Short Course. [online]. Available: interpretation of historical accounts of www.sprrs.usda.gov/range_sites.htm bison and fire on the southern plains with (Accessed 2007 November 12). emphasis on tallgrass prairie. A final report Weaver, J.E. 1968. Prairie plants and their totheNatureConservancyofOklahoma. environment: A fifty-year study in the Oklahoma State University. Midwest. University of Nebraska Press. Skarpe, C. (1991). Impact of grazing in savanna Lincoln and London. ecosystems. Ambio 20: 351-356. Wethington, M. K. 1994. A spatial and temporal Skarpe, C. 1992. Dynamics of savanna analysis of forest and grassland changes at ecosystems. Journal of Vegetation Science the tallgrass prairie preserve [M.S. thesis]. 3: 293-300. Stillwater: Oklahoma State University. Smeins, F.E. and D.D. Diamond. 1986. Whitney, G.G. and Decant, J.P. 2005. Grasslands and savannahs of East Central Government Land Office Surveys and Texas: Ecology, preservation status and Other Early Land Surveys. The Historical management problems. In Kulhavy, David Ecology Handbook. Washington D.C.: L. and Richard N. Conner. 1986. Island Press. p 147-172. Wilderness and Natural Areas in the United Wright, Jr., H.E. 1963. Vegetational history of States: A management challenge. p 381-394. the Central Plains. Pleistocene and recent Sullivan, Janet. 1995. Oak-hickory forest. In Fire environments of the Central Great Plains. effects information system, U.S. Lawrence, Kansas: Department of Geology, Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, University of Kansas. Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Wright, H.A. and A.W. Bailey. 1982. Fire Science Laboratory. ecology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y.

Stotts, et al. 91 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007

Editorial Botanizing with Larry Magrath

Sunday, October 4, 1998. A field trip called Riccocarpus natans. The upper edges for two doesn’t take much planning – a were banked with a vigorous morning glory phone call will do: “One of my students has with small white flowers, Ipomoea lacunosa. brought in a collection of Scirpus hallii. Finally we reached Jed Johnson Lake in Want to go with me on Sunday to verify the the Wichita Mountain Wildlife Reservation. site?” Well, of course! Larry was one of the There, an expanse of mud flats some 4 state’s most ardent collectors, and S. hallii meters wide and ten meters long had been (name since changed to Schoenoplectus hallii)is exposed by the low water. The shoreline a sedge. That makes it a plant I need to was composed of broken red-granite gravels know. and sand, much disturbed by fishermen. Just after 8 a.m. that Sunday I picked up Scirpus hallii was there in abundance and in Larry and his gear in Chickasha, and we bloom or fruit. Larry counted 114 plants, headed southwest. But first – he’d thought and each of us collected a specimen for our of another lake that was “almost on the herbarium. way”, and there were exposed mud flats just Our trip had been both entertaining and covered with sedges. So we went due west successful. Think it was over? You’ve for maybe 10 miles, to Lake Burtschi. never been on a field trip with Larry! We There were thousands of inch-tall sedges of were free to wander as far and wide as our several different species; Cyperus surinamensis, strength and the day lasted. We checked C. aristatus, Fimbristylis autumnalis, and Fuirena Rush Lake, also on the Reserve, and found simplex, mostly.Theylayonthedampsand itembeddedinahugestandofEleocharis like a city lawn; tiny annual species doing quadrangulata. While I took pictures, a their best to set seed before frost. There we curious armadillo came right up and sniffed also collected samples of Arundo donax, a near-sightedly at my shoe. grass that grows in shallow water, and can LunchwithLarrywasalwaysa reachmorethantwometerstall. challenge: it had to be fast, and it had to be Then, “since we are in the vegetarian. Veggie fast food isn’t readily neighborhood” we stopped at a private availablealongcountryroads.Wesettledfor property called Williams’ Wilderness, whose sub sandwiches at the Love’s Station on owner had given permission. There we SH49. Dodging traffic through Lawton, we found an orchid, Hexalectris spicata and some took SH 7 east to SH 65, then went south other goodies. through Temple, turned east there on SH 5, Traveling SW on SH19, we stopped and soon arrived at Moneke Park near Lake along the south edge of Apache near Waurika.Hikingthroughanopenforest Lakeside Village to see how Lake Ellsworth community, we found the other relative of had fared. That lake was down ten feet, and poke-weed, Rivina humilis, and in bloom. had exposed acres of sandy bottom, much First time I’d ever seen that. It was a real of it covered with the tiny annual sedges. treat. All were in furious bloom. There we Ourdaywascomingtoanend.The collected a sedge-like grass, Eragrostis reptans; cloud bank that had hovered to the west all as well as Fimbristylis vahlii, Cyperus odoratus, day long grew higher and darker. We Amannia coccinea, and a strange liverwort reluctantly headed north on US 81, but soon

https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100056 92 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 had to make a stop just north of Addington. that night while Larry and I were busy There, beside the highway, is a large prairie- pressing the plants and writing up our notes. dog community, and we enjoyed their Over the years there were many such company until it grew too dark for field trips with Larry, most of them with the photography. By the time we reached Oklahoma Native Plant Society or The Chickasha, it was pitch-black except for the Nature Conservancy. Each of them was lightning that was almost intense enough to “floriferous” and interesting. The photo drive by. Larry unloaded his prizes in a below is from one of our trips to Round heavy downpour, and I headed for home by Mountain in LeFlore County with Jim SH9. Again, lightning and heavy, heavy rain Norman and Charles Lewallen, who set up accompanied the trip. theremotephoto. By way of the evening news, I learned that Ninnekah, just south of Chickasha, had Patricia Folley, 1 June 2007 been struck by a tornado right after we drove through, and that a swarm of them had produced the lightning that made the passage so interesting. The tornadoes had ONPS covered a large swath of central Oklahoma

Larry Magrath, botanizing with Patricia Folley, Charles Lewallen, and Jim Norman. Editorial Policies and Practices

Oklahoma Native Plant Record is published annually by Oklahoma Native Plant Society. Submission for publication in the journal is open to all. Manuscripts will be accepted on topics related to Oklahoma's regional botany, including historical research reports, current research articles, site record species lists, and descriptions of new or important species sightings in Oklahoma. Oklahoma's environmental gradients of human impact, climate, and elevation make us a prime target for research on habitat edges, species ranges, and edge species, therefore, articles of other themes may be included as well. Research overlooked by journals of broader geographic regions will be considered for publication in the Record.

Papers must not have been published previously or accepted for submission elsewhere and should represent research conducted in accordance with accepted procedures and scientific ethics. All authors retain copyright of their articles. Submission of the article implies the granting to Oklahoma Native Plant Society of permission to publish it. We ask only for the right to publish articles. We do not seek to own them. In return, we require our authors to allow that work to be used freely for non-commercial purposes, allowing each individual to make, gratis, a single copy of the published manuscript whether from its print or its Internet version; instructors to make gratis, multiple copies available for non-commercial teaching purposes; and libraries to make copies available, gratis, for interlibrary loan. Authors are responsible for supplying reprints upon request.

Manuscripts will be reviewed for content and appropriateness by at least two reviewers. The title page should state the affiliation and complete addresses of all authors and telephone numbers for the corresponding author. Research and technical papers should include a one-paragraph abstract of not more than 250 words. It should concisely state the goals, principal results, and major conclusions of the paper. All references, figures, and tables should be cited in the text. Site descriptions should include latitude, longitude, total area and elevation. Common names should be referenced to a scientific name. Abbreviations of authorities for scientific names should follow Authors of Plant Names (Brummitt and Powell 1992). Titles of periodicals should be abbreviated following Botanico-Peridoicum-Huntianum and its supplement except in historic publications when original format will be used.

Authors with access to PC-compatible microcomputers are encouraged to send a copy of the manuscript on CD or diskette in rtf (rich text format). If the manuscript is typed, manuscripts should be double-spaced on 8 1/2 X 11 inch paper with minimum one-inch margins and should be submitted in duplicate. Use no headers, footers, nor auto page numbering. Proof-read and verify taxa numbers before submission. Color photos may be submitted on CD or diskette. CDs, Diskettes, or hardcopy manuscripts should be sent to the managing editor at the address below by July 1.

Managing Editor, Oklahoma Native Plant Record Oklahoma Native Plant Society c/o Tulsa Garden Center 2435 South Peoria Tulsa, Oklahoma 74114 Five-Year Index to Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 2 4 Vascular Plants of the Wichita Mountains, Paul Buck 22 Floristic List for Comanche County, Oklahoma, Bruce W. Hoagland 54 Schoenoplectus hallii and S. saximontanus; Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge Survey: 2000, Lawrence K. Magrath 65 Pontotoc Ridge Floristic Survey: 1999, ForrestL.Johnson,PatriciaFolley(ed.) 82 Water, Soil, and Plant Diversity in Oklahoma, Sheila Strawn Volume 3 4BlackMesaFloraStudy,James K. McPherson 19 Black Mesa State Park Flora Update, Patricia A. Folley 23 Vascular Flora of the Keystone Wildlife Management Area, Bruce Hoagland and Amy K. Buthod. 38 Floristic Survey of the The Nature Conservancy’s Preserve, Johnston County, OK, Kimberly A. Shannon. 51 Historical Accounts of the Transformation of a Pairie Town, Todd D. Fagin and Melissa S. Brown. 68 Triphora trianthophora and Tipularia discolor in Oklahoma, Lawrence K. Magrath 73 Take time to watch, not just smell the wildflowers, Gloria M. Caddell Volume 4 4 Ecological Factors Affecting the Distribution of Woody Vegetation Near the Arkansas River, Tulsa County, Anne Wanamaker Long 24 Cotinus obovatus Raf. (Smoke-tree) in Oklahoma, Bruce Hoagland. 26 Giant Cane and Southeastern Indian Baskets, Julia A. Jordan. 30 Vascular Flora of the Couteau Wildlife Management Area, Wagoner County, Oklahoma, BruceW.HoaglandandForrestL.Johnson. 40 Status and Habitat Characteristics of Chyprepedium kentuckiense (Kentucky lady’s slipper) in Southeastern Oklahoma, Bruce Hoagland and Amy K. Buthod. 48 Common Lawn and Garden Mushrooms of Central Oklahoma, Clark L. Ovrebo 56 Why Do Species Names Change? Patricia A. Folley Volume 5 4 Relationship of Forest Vegetation to Soils on Geological Formations of the Oklahoma Gulf Coastal Plain, R. John Taylor 39 A Vegetation Analysis of a Pimpled Prairie in Northeastern Oklahoma, Constance L. Murray 61 Vascular Flora of a Site Along the Arkansas River, Pawnee County, Oklahoma, Bruce W. Hoagland and Amy K. Buthod 73 Additions to the Flora of Garvin County, Oklahoma, Phillip T. Crawford and Priscilla H.C. Crawford 98 Tribute to John Taylor, ONPS members Volume 6 4 The Lichens of North Central Oklahoma, Darvin W. Keck 51 Annotated Nomenclatural Update to Keck (1961), Douglas M. Ladd 53 Vascular Flora of a Red Sandstone Hills Site, Canadian County, Oklahoma, Bruce W. Hoagland and Amy K. Buthod 69 Vascular Flora of a Riparian Site on the Canadian River, Cleveland County, Oklahoma, Lacy Burgess and Bruce W. Hoagland. 80 Cedar-apple Rust, Clark L. Ovrebo Oklahoma Native Plant Society c/o Tulsa Garden Center 2435 South Peoria Tulsa, Oklahoma 74114

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In this issue of Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 7, Number 1, December 2007: ______

4 Vascular Plants of the Oklahoma Ozarks Charles S. Wallis

21 Updated Oklahoma Ozark Flora Bruce W. Hoagland

54 The Vascular Flora of the Oklahoma Centennial Botanical Garden Site Osage County, Oklahoma Bruce W. Hoagland and Amy Buthod

67 Vascular Plant Checklists from Oklahoma Michael W. Palmer

78 The Need for Savanna Restoration in the Cross Timbers Caleb Stotts, Michael W. Palmer, and Kelly Kindscher

91 Botanizing with Larry Magrath Patricia A. Folley

Five Year Index to Oklahoma Native Plant Record inside back cover