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World Bank Document Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Kosovo - Greening Land for the Future (Greenland) Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment March 25, 2020 This draft document is disclosed for comments Public Disclosure Authorized Draft Our reference R007-1274356GMC-V02-los Responsibility Title Kosovo - Greening Land for the Future (Greenland) Project Client Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment Kosovo Project leader Boudewijn Fokke Author(s) DEKONS-EMA, Environmental Consulting Team Second reader Guido van de Coterlet Project number 1274356 Number of pages 299 Date March 25, 2020 Signature This document was released with the explicit approval of authorized project management. Colophon Tauw bv Handelskade 37 P.O. Box 133 7400 AC Deventer T +31 57 06 99 91 1 E [email protected] Draft 2/299 Our reference R007-1274356GMC-V02-los Table of contents 0 Executive Summary................................................................................................................... 8 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 10 1.1 Project Description ........................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Proposed Activities in KEK ............................................................................................... 14 1.3 Objectives of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment .................................... 15 1.4 Assessment factors .......................................................................................................... 16 1.5 Evaluation scope and evaluation period .......................................................................... 17 1.6 Technical methods of evaluation ...................................................................................... 18 1.7 Lessons learned from previous intervention at KEK site on environmental management20 2 Policy, regulation and management framework ...................................................................... 20 2.1 National Environmental and Social Legal Framework ..................................................... 20 2.2 EIA process according to Kosovo Law on EIA ................................................................. 30 2.3 EU Directives, guidelines and international convention ................................................... 32 2.4 Institutional Framework .................................................................................................... 35 2.5 Environment and Social Standard of WORLD BANK ...................................................... 36 2.6 Compliance analysis ........................................................................................................ 45 3 Site Investigation ..................................................................................................................... 49 3.1 Project influence area ...................................................................................................... 49 3.2 Land use types of the project area ................................................................................... 51 3.3 Current land use in the project area ................................................................................. 52 3.4 Site contamination investigation ....................................................................................... 55 3.5 Completed or ongoing pollution control projects in the project area ................................ 57 4 Risk assessment ..................................................................................................................... 57 4.1 Pollution history ................................................................................................................ 57 4.2 Risk identification ............................................................................................................. 60 4.3 Conceptual Site Model ..................................................................................................... 63 4.4 Relevant planning, standards and guidelines .................................................................. 65 4.5 Risk assessment outcomes ............................................................................................. 66 4.6 KEK’s existing capacity of risk control .............................................................................. 67 4.7 Risk control values and remedial goals ............................................................................ 68 Draft 3/299 Our reference R007-1274356GMC-V02-los 5 KEK Intervention Profile .......................................................................................................... 68 5.1 Overview of KEK site ....................................................................................................... 68 5.2 Activities at KEK-site ........................................................................................................ 69 5.3 Remediation activities ...................................................................................................... 71 6 Baseline Information ................................................................................................................ 72 6.1 KEK Overburden and Infilled Mine Galleries site Location .............................................. 72 6.2 Landscape ........................................................................................................................ 74 6.2.1 Human induced features of the landscape ............................................................... 77 6.2.2 Natural features of the landscape ............................................................................. 77 6.3 Physical environment ....................................................................................................... 78 6.3.1 Geology ..................................................................................................................... 78 6.3.2 Soil and soil quality ................................................................................................... 81 6.3.3 Soil erosion ............................................................................................................... 82 6.3.4 Seismic characteristics.............................................................................................. 83 6.3.5 Climate conditions ..................................................................................................... 84 6.3.6 Ambient air quality..................................................................................................... 86 6.3.7 Air quality standards.................................................................................................. 87 6.3.8 Surface and groundwater .......................................................................................... 89 6.3.9 Existing industrial pollution sources and contaminant emission ............................. 103 6.4 Biological environment ................................................................................................... 104 6.4.1 Habitats and flora .................................................................................................... 104 6.4.2 Fauna ...................................................................................................................... 108 6.4.3 Protected areas ....................................................................................................... 108 6.5 Socio-economic baseline ............................................................................................... 109 6.5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 109 6.5.2 Data sources ........................................................................................................... 110 6.5.3 Municipal socio-economic overview ........................................................................ 112 6.3.4. Socio-economic baseline: Krushevc Village and Fushë Kosova ................................. 120 6.5.4 Population, demographics, and household characteristics ..................................... 120 6.5.5 Health ...................................................................................................................... 126 6.5.6 Education ................................................................................................................ 130 6.5.7 Infrastructure and public services ........................................................................... 132 Draft 4/299 Our reference R007-1274356GMC-V02-los 6.5.8 Safety and security.................................................................................................. 133 6.5.9 Disadvantaged and vulnerable groups ................................................................... 135 6.6 Conservation area & cultural relics ................................................................................ 137 7 Analysis of alternatives and benefits of the project ............................................................... 140 7.1 Zero solution analysis .................................................................................................... 140 7.2 Comparative selection of activities ................................................................................. 141 7.3 Comparative selection
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