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Postwar European Chair Design ONLINE ISSN 2069-7430 PRO LIGNO Vol. 12 N° 2 2016 ISSN-L 1841-4737 www.proligno.ro pp. 31-37 METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE REGIONS OF KOSOVO THAT INFLUENCE TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR DRYING WOOD Agron BAJRAKTARI* Prof. Asoc. Dr. - University of Applied Sciences in Ferizaj Address: Universiteti, 70000 Ferizaj, Kosovo E-mail: [email protected] Muhamet YMERI Assistant - University of Applied Sciences in Ferizaj Address: Universiteti, 70000 Ferizaj, Kosovo E-mail: [email protected] Florit HOXHA Assistant - University of Applied Sciences in Ferizaj Address: Universiteti, 70000 Ferizaj, Kosovo E-mail: [email protected] Rrahim SEJDIU Assistant - University of Applied Sciences in Ferizaj Address: Universiteti, 70000 Ferizaj, Kosovo E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The living trees contain an amount of water. Most of the water must be evaporated before the lumber obtained from a tree can be converted into products. The lumber from which most wood products are manufactured must be dried. In this study, the effects of meteorological conditions in some regions of Kosovo on drying of wood were examined. Of all the methods to remove large quantities of water from wood, air drying has the least capital costs, especially in the early stages of drying.The studying of the temperature, raining, wind, relative humidity and the all other meteorological factors in the surrounding air for a long period of time there have been able to know about the air drying of the wood in different regions of Kosovo. Timber will reach constant equilibrium moisture content by specific value of temperature and relative humidity. The temperature and relative humidity of the air varies from month to month and from region to region in the territory of the country.The study of meteorological factors showed that the territory of Kosovo has favorable conditions for air drying process of the wood. Key words: wood drying; regions; meteorological factors; temperature; raining; wind; relative air humidity. INTRODUCTION Kosovo has a very favorable geographic position because it stretches over the central parts of the Balkan Peninsula and the Southeast Europe (Meha 2000). Within the macro-factors having an impact on the climate of Kosovo, the following are the most important: the position of Kosovo vis-à-vis the land masses, water masses and the air space, its position concerning the baric or pressure systems, the relief, waters, the land and the plants. Among the main types of climate are: continental, mountains and the Mediterranean climate (Çavolli 1997). Forestry fund of Kosovo is 482.000ha or 47% of its territory. Of this, to the state sector belong 60%, while in private hands is 40%. The forestry is composed mainly of a high mountains (16,7%), mid-forests (7,1%), low-level forests (61,7%), bushes (12,3%) and thin forests (2,2%) (FAO 2003, Bajraktari et al. 2011). Forests in Kosovo are above the sea level of 500÷2000 meters. Overall, Kosovo is surrounded by the high mountains such as Sharr Mountains, Pashtrik, Koretnik, Albanian Alps etc. The main mountains of Kosovo are: Carpinus Orientalis, Fraxinus Ornus, Acer Platanoides, Acer Monspenssulanum, Acer Compastre, Quercus Pubescens, Quercus Cerris, Quercus Farineto, Quercus Petrea, Tilia Platiphyllos, Carpinus Betulus, Juglans Regia, Cartanea Sativa (FAO 2003). Factors that speed up or slow down the process of food-dry are: the temperature of the environment, the amount, speed and the intensity of the configuration of the atmospherics, the relative humidity of * Corresponding author 31 ONLINE ISSN 2069-7430 PRO LIGNO Vol. 12 N° 2 2016 ISSN-L 1841-4737 www.proligno.ro pp. 31-37 air, the direction of winds, sun-shine, geographic space and the position of the location where the trees are deployed for drying, geology of the terrain, other micro-climatic factors of the region and the environment itself, physical features of the wood that needs drying, the type of the tree and its physical volume, as well as the initial and final humidity of the wood in need of drying (Pllana 1973, Bertorelli 1986). The importance of air drying in the region has to do a lot with economical development, the region is not in the level to continue only with kiln drying, also the general conditions of the metrological factors due to the starting time of the drying of the lumbers, spring is the best time to start with drying and in about three months the water in wood is under fiber saturation point. Kosovo has the continental climatic conditions where the temperature during the summer is up to the 39 Celsius. Also the other factors like average temperature, sun exposure, relative humidity, wind speed, prevailing winds per season in the country are in favor to have air drying for all dimensions of the lumbers and timbers. THE AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this research was to study the climate factors in order to see what can be expected in terms of final moisture in air drying conditions, in different seasons and regions of Kosovo. The study was to search for the climate factors that speed up and slow dawn the wood-drying process, as well as the determination of the values of the these factors and their mutual relationship within the region of the country. The impact of the relative air humidity in the humidity of the wood and their values during the four seasons and over certain zones and regions, their meteorology and climate included, have as well been the objective of the study. METHODS OF THE STUDY For the study of the meteorology of the Kosovo region influencing the parameters of the drying technology, the following have been taken into account: data concerning the region’s meteorology over the period of 63 years. These data have been collected from all meteorology stations. Further, other studies were taken into account, especially those concerning the Balkan Peninsula undertaken by various scholars, some observations and synopsis maps (undertaken also by the synopsis centers of Kosovo and Albania all over various centers of Kosovo’s territory). The literatures about the technical conditions of the wood drying in the state of nature have also been used. To this effect the calculation of the wood humidity in function of the air temperature and its humidity. We made some expertise in order to precisely define the timing of the wood drying already used and to know the equilibrium of the level of humidity, all being in function of the air temperature and its humidity (Kalo & Marjani 1983, Dimoshi & Rjepaj 1971). According to the gathered data we have graphically displayed the calculation of the wood humidity and its equilibrium for most of the regions of Kosovo. While studying the various meteorological factors we had into consideration the fact that they stretchy over the whole territory of Kosovo and for this reason we took the date from 11 meteorology stations (Table 1). The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) is the moisture content at which the wood is neither gaining nor losing moisture; this however, is a dynamic equilibrium and changes with relative humidity and temperature. EMC is defined as the point where wood stops absorbing moisture from or bleeding moisture into the surrounding air. At this point, the material is said to have reached equilibrium with the atmosphere. Equilibrium moisture diagram (Keylwerth and Noack 1964). (Table 2). Table 1 List of meteorological stations Geographic Coordinates No. Station Name Sea Level Width Height 1 Pejë 498 42040’ 20 018’ 2 Klina 385 42038’ 20 034’ 3 Gjakova 360 42022’ 20 026’ 4 Theranda 420 42021’ 20 049’ 5 Prizren 402 42013’ 20 044’ 6 Mitrovica 510 42053’ 20 052’ 7 Besiana 620 42055’ 21 012’ 8 Prishtina 573 42039’ 21 009’ 9 Gjilan 520 42028’ 21 018’ 10 Ferizaj 580 42023’ 21 010’ 11 Sharri 1060 42004’ 20 039’ 32 ONLINE ISSN 2069-7430 PRO LIGNO Vol. 12 N° 2 2016 ISSN-L 1841-4737 www.proligno.ro pp. 31-37 Table 2 Equilibrium moisture diagram (Keylwerth and Noackm 1964) The average value of the climate elements, such as the monthly average temperature, yearly average raining, the direction of the winds and their speed, relative air humidity etc., collected and studies have as well been analyzed while drawing the needed conclusions about the influence of these factors in the natural draying process of the wood (Table 3). Table 3 Monthly and annual average temperature of the air in the territory of Kosovo Annual Station I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Average Peja -0.4 2.1 6.1 11.1 15.7 19.2 21.0 20.9 17.0 11.6 6.9 1.7 11.1 Klina -1.0 2.2 6.2 10.8 15.4 18.8 20.4 20.0 16.0 10.8 6.4 0.7 10.6 Gjakova -0.5 1.9 5.8 10.6 15.6 18.9 20.6 19.5 16.3 10.2 6.9 1.6 10.6 Theranda -0.2 2.7 6.2 11.0 16.0 19.4 21.5 21.2 17.5 12.0 7.0 2.0 11.4 Prizreni 0.2 3.0 6.6 11.6 16.5 20.2 22.1 22.0 17.8 12.0 7.4 2.3 11.8 Mitrovica -0.9 1.9 5.0 9.9 14.6 18.0 20.0 19.8 15.8 10.4 5.9 1.2 10.1 Besiana -2.0 0.6 4.2 8.9 13.8 17.2 19.0 18.9 15.0 10.0 5.3 0.5 9.5 Prishtina -1.2 1.3 4.8 9.8 14.4 18.0 19.7 19.8 15.8 10.5 5.8 0.7 9.9 Gjilani -1.1 1.7 5.2 10.0 14.8 18.2 20.0 19.7 15.6 10.8 6.2 1.2 10.2 Ferizaj -1.4 1.1 4.7 9.8 14.5 18.1 19.8 19.7 15.7 10.3 5.5 0.6 9.9 Sharri -1.4 0.2 3.3 6.8 12.0 15.8 17.6 17.1 13.6 8.5 3.9 0.6 8.2 Monthly Average -0.9 1.7 5.3 10.0 14.8 18.3 20.2 19.9 16.0 10.6 6.1 2.4 From the above data it results that the coldest period for the whole territory of Kosovo is January with negative temperatures of about -0,9÷-1,4°C, while the warmest is July with 22,1°C.
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