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Review of Initiatives to Assess and Secure the Land Tenure Rights of Communities in Northern Cameroon

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Review of Initiatives to Assess and Secure the Land Tenure Rights of Communities in Northern Cameroon Review of initiatives to assess and secure the land tenure rights of communities in Northern Cameroon Kossoumna Liba’a Natali November 2018 KOSSOUMNA LIBA’A Natali teaches geography at the École Normale Supérieure and at the Faculty of Arts, Lettres and Human Sciences of Maroua University (Cameroon). He is interested in the management of rural territories and of natural resources, in questions of marginality, ethnic minorities and pastoralism. LandCam : Securing land and resource rights and improving governance in the Cameroon Cameroon has initiated a reform of its land and natural resources legislation. ImplementedUn projet by CED CED,, RELUF ARELUFA et IIED and IIED, the LandCam project supports this Un projet CED, RELUFA et IIED Un projet CED, RELUFA et IIED effort by piloting approaches on the ground and helping citizens engage in the reform process. www.landcam.org The Centre for Environment and Development (CED) is an independent organisation working to promote environmental justice and protect the rights, interests, culture and aspirations of local and indigenous communities in Central Africa. www.cedcameroun.org The Network for the Fight Against Hunger (RELUFA) is a platform of civil society and grassroots community actors created in 2001, which aims to address systemic problems that lead to poverty, hunger and social, economic and environmental injustices in Cameroon. www.relufa.org The International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) promotes sustainable development by linking local priorities to global challenges. We supports some of the world’s most vulnerable populations to make their voices heard in decision-making. www.iied.org Table of contents Acronyms 4 Summary 5 Introduction 6 Methodology 7 1. Different land use patterns for different actor categories 8 1.1. Pastoral land: pressure from farming and other numerous uses 8 1.2. Use of agricultural land: between precarity, insecurity and planning challenges .......................... 10 1.3. Women’s land use patterns: between the persistence of tradition and marginalisation ............... 13 1.4. Mining and agribusinesses competing with agro-pastoral land use .............................................. 15 2. Mechanisms employed to secure the land and land uses of various actors .............................. 16 2.1. Recognising land rights by simplifying the registration process and formalising individual transactions in writing .................................................................................................................. 16 2.2. Coordinated bargaining on the division of land for agricultural purposes and cattle breeding and on securing land rights ............................................................................................................... 18 2.3. Securing pastoral land by rehabilitating transhumance corridors and tracks ................................ 21 2.4. Formulating proposals for solutions for the organisation of pastoral resources within the councils ............................................................................................................................................ 22 2.5. Strengthening dialogue between breeders and councils on issues related to pastoral land .......... 23 2.6. Making use of inter-council cooperation to secure and manage pastoral areas ........................... 24 2.7. Verbal agreements between users of local land and resources ...................................................... 25 2.8. Establishing cigs and lobbying with traditional authorities to foster women’s access to land ....... 26 2.9. Consultation framework and registration of grievances to defend communities’ rights against mining operations ................................................................................................................................. 27 3. Strengths and weaknesses of land tenure security/recognition activities ......................................... 28 4. Recommendations on practices to better secure land for users ......................................................... 31 4.1. Marking grazing and farming areas as well as livestock routes to improve their access, usage and management ................................................................................................................................. 31 4.2. Advocacy to reform the texts governing the management of conflicts over access and usage between rural land actors ................................................................................................................. 32 4.3. Strengthening the effective participation of local institutions in land management (livestock corridors and routes, ponds) ............................................................................................................. 33 4.4. Promoting local institutions to prevent and manage land conflicts ............................................... 33 4.5. Strengthening inter-council cooperation for the management of rural land and natural resources ..... 34 4.6. Contracting of land management between councils and development organisations .................. 34 4.7. Permanently demarcating the various areas .................................................................................. 35 4.8. Mainstreaming the acquisition of land titles ................................................................................... 36 4.9. Clarifying and institutionalising the role of traditional authorities in local land management ...... 36 4.10. Reforms of the law, regulations and social norms to promote women’s access to land ................. 37 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 38 References ............................................................................................................................................. 39 3 Acronyms CADEPI : Cellule d’Appui au Développement local Participatif Intégré (Integrated Participatory Local Development Support Unit) CARPA : Centre d’Appui à la Recherche et au Pastoralisme (Research and Pastoralism Support Centre) CDD : Comité Diocésain de Développement (Diocesan Development Committee) CEDC : Centre d’étude de l’environnement et du développement au Cameroun (Centre for Environment and Development Studies in Cameroon) CIG : Common Initiative Group CROPSEC : Conseil régional des organisations paysannes de la partie septentrionale du Cameroun (Regional Council of Farmers’ Organisations in Northern Cameroon) CSO : Civil Society Organisation DMC : Mulched-Based Cropping System DPGT : Développement Paysannal et Gestion des Terroirs (Smallholder Development and Land Management) ESA : Eau, Sol et Arbre (Water, Soil and Tree) ESPRIT : Environmental Sustainability, Priority for Research and education In the Tropics FEB : Fédération des Éleveurs Bovins (Federation of Cattle Breeders) GESEP : Gestion et Sécurisation des Espaces Pastoraux (Management and Security of Pastoral Areas) GPS : Global Positioning System GTZ : Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Development Cooperation Agency) IDP : Internally Displaced Persons IRAD : Institut de Recherche agricole pour le Développement (Institute of Agricultural Research for Development) ISS : Institut Supérieur du Sahel de l’Université de Maroua (Higher Institute of the Sahel of the University of Maroua) K3MT : Kaéle, Mindif, Moulvoudaye, Moutourwa and Touloum MEAVSB : Mission d’étude et d’aménagement de la Vallée Superieure de la Bénoué (Upper Benoue Valley Development Authority) MIDIMA : Mission de Développement Intégré des Monts Mandara (Mandara Mountains Integrated Development Authority) MINADER : Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MINDCAF : Ministry of State Property, Surveys and Land Tenure MINEPAT : Ministry of the Economy, Planning and Regional Development MINEPDED : Ministry of the Environment, Nature Protection and Sustainable Development MINEPIA : Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries MINFOF : Ministry of Forest and Wildlife NGO : Non-Governmental Organisation PAGEPA-NEN : Projet d’Appui à la Gestion équitable et durable de l’Espace Agropastoral dans le Nord et l’Extrême-Nord du Cameroun (Support Project for the Equitable and Sustainable Management of Agro-Pastoral Areas in the North and Far-North Regions of Cameroon) PAPE : Projet d’Appui à l’Amélioration de la Productivité de l’Elevage dans la région de l’Extrême-Nord (Livestock Productivity Improvement Support Project in the Far-North Region) PASGIRAP : Programme d’appui à la sécurisation et à la gestion intégrée des ressources agropastorales (Support Programme for the Security and Integrated Management of Agro-Pastoral resources) PRODEL : Projet de Développement de l’Élevage (Livestock Development Project) SAIB : Société Agro-Industrielle de la Bénoué (Benoue Agro-Industrial Company) SNV : Stichting Nederlandse Virjwilligers (The Netherlands Development Organisation) 4 Summary or all actors in rural areas, land tenure insecurity remains a major hindrance to development Fand environmental protection policies in Northern Cameroon. The informal recognition of traditional authorities as land managers is one of the courtesies that the State has granted to chiefdoms. This report is based on an analysis of secondary data, as well as on surveys and interviews with stakeholders of land-related issues, and field observations. There have been numerous initiatives geared towards formalising and securing
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