Johnny Okane (Order #7165245) Introduction to the Hurlbat Publishing Edition

johnny okane (order #7165245) Introduction to the Hurlbat Publishing Edition

Weloe to the Hurlat Pulishig editio of Miro Warfare “eries: Miro Ancients

This series of games was original published by Tabletop Games in the 1970s with this title being published in 1976. Each game in the series aims to recreate the feel of tabletop wargaming with large numbers of miniatures but using printed counters and terrain so that games can be played in a small space and are very cost-effective.

In these new editions we have kept the rules and most of the illustrations unchanged but have modernised the layout and counter designs to refresh the game.

These basic rules can be further enhanced through the use of the expansion sets below, which each add new sets of army counters and rules to the core game:

Product Subject Additional Armies Expansion I Chariot Era & Far East Assyrian; Chinese; Egyptian Expansion II Classical Era Indian; Macedonian; Persian; Selucid Expansion III Enemies of Rome Britons; Gallic; Goth Expansion IV Fall of Rome Byzantine; Hun; Late Roman; Sassanid Expansion V The Dark Ages Norman; Saxon; Viking

Happy gaming!

Kris & Dave Hurlbat July 2012

Contents Introduction to the Hurlbat Publishing Edition ...... 2 Move Procedures ...... 4 Terrain ...... 4 Missile Combat ...... 6 Melee Combat ...... 8

Appendix One – Creating Terrain ...... 12 Appendix Two - Deciding the Winner ...... 13

Appendix Three – Counters and Definitions ...... 14 Appendix Four – Combat Charts ...... 16 Appendix Five – Rules clarifications ...... 19

Tip - For best results when pritig outers, please set our Page “alig optio to Noe.

johnny okane (order #7165245) Micro Ancient Warfare

This game recreates a battle during the Punic Wars, between Carthaginian and Roman Republican armies.

The Roman army counters represent a force of two legions, with auxiliary and other friendly foreign troops, totalling approximately 22,000 men. The Carthaginian army is typical of a mercenary type army, with counters representing some 30,000 men.

Using the simple but comprehensive rules, up to six players are able to recreate a complete battle on any flat surface. The battlefield can be varied to suit any type of terrain, thus giving an extremely variable playing area.

Now the Carthaginian army can once again cross the Alps into Italy, fight their way into the heart of the Roman countryside, winning great victories such as at Cannae, and once again be forced back into the African continent, to be defeated at Zama.

You are the general commanding one of these armies.

johnny okane (order #7165245) Move Procedures

The game is played on an alternate move basis, each side throwing one die at the beginning of the game and the higher score moving first on all odd numbered moves. No unit, other than those which are counter-charging, routing, retreating or evading a oe i their ees oe tur.

The sequence of each move is as follows:

1. Move all routing and retreating units 2. Moving player declares any charges, measures the distance to contact and determines at which point in the move contact was made. The moving player then moves his other units as required 3. Non-moving player specifies any evading of counter-charging units and determines their move 4. Non-moving player determines the result of any missile fire, resolving any missile morale tests resulting from this missile fire as they occur 5. Resolve all melees, taking a morale test as the result of each individual melee as it is completed

Terrain

See Appendix One for details on how to make and set up your battle terrain.

Cover

A unit will be considered to be in cover when in a wood, on the edge of dead ground, in broken ground or behind a wall or hedge.

Vision Restrictions

Troops in woods will be able to see other troops only if they are within 30mm of each other. Troops in the woods will not be seen by troops outside the wood if the latter is not on the edge of the wood.

johnny okane (order #7165245) Interpenetration

This occurs when one unit passes through another. One unit must be stationary whilst the other moves through it. Open order units may pass through other units without unforming either, all other troops will unform both their own unit and the ones they pass through.

Close order units may not interpenetrate other close order units, with the exception of the Roman Cohort change rule. Units interpenetrated may not mount a counter-charge in the same move.

Unforming

A unit will become unformed when one of the following occurs:

1. Close Order and order troops and armoured cavalry will become unformed when moving through woods, over broken ground and soft sand 2. If M3 class troops are contacted by an enemy whilst wheeling 3. If a unit is hit in the flank or rear and no troops are facing that way 4. After disengaging from a melee against any troops other than open order infantry 5. Immediately a unit begins to rout 6. After completing a pursuit, but not whilst pursuing 7. Cavalry within 75mm of elephants 8. By interpenetration

Reforming

A unit in melee will not be able to reform until it disengages. Reforming will take one stationary move. Missile armed troops may fire at half effect whilst reforming. All troops may counter-charge if charged but will count as unformed in the melee.

Roman Cohort Change Rule

This rule is included to simulate the interchanging of lines in the Roman Cohort when in melee. A Roman Cohort may change position with another cohort which is supporting is and which is within 10mm of its immediate rear. This must be done during their own move turn; the object being to bring a fresh unit into contact. When this movement is used, it will mean the Roman unit giving ground because the front unit must withdraw through the supporting unit. In this case only, neither will become unformed. Enemy units may follow up in the same move and will be classed as advancing if they do so.

Enemy unit Enemy unit

Cohort 1 Enemy unit

Cohort 2 Cohort 2 Cohort 2

Cohort 1 Cohort 1

Durig the Ee Uits During the Roman move, Enemy unit advances to move, both units choose to Cohort 1 chooses to fall contact Cohort 2 in the melee. back through Cohort 2, same move, if required. It neither becoming will not count following up unformed or charging but will count as advancing.

johnny okane (order #7165245) Missile Combat

Weapon Ranges Weapon Close Range Long Range Bows Up to 75mm 75mm to 150mm Slings Up to 75mm N/A Javelins Up to 15mm N/A War Engines N/A Up to 400mm

Note: Hand-hurled weapons are not thrown during the move that a unit charges into contact. This is taken into account in the melee calculation. No unit may fire whilst charging.

Arcs of Fire

To determine if a unit can fire at a target, place the firing arc segment alongside the firing unit counter and lay a tape measure along the appropriate line. If any of the target counters are within the arc then they may be engaged.

Open order bow armed cavalry may also fire 60° either side of their centre to the rear.

Missile fire calculation

When two opposing units come within the relevant missile range, and one is capable of firing, the result of such fire is calculated as follows:

1. Measure the range from the centre of the firing unit to the nearest point on the target counter and determine if it is within close or long range 2. Turn to the missile table on the combat charts, and cross-reference the relevant number of fighting factors firing with the number of fighting factors in the particular target formation. This gives the basic factor loss by the target. 3. Throw a random factor and multiply the result by five. Add or subtract this result to the basic factor from 2 above

Missile Random Factor

This is determined by throwing one red die, counting the score as negative, and one black die, counting the score as positive. The result achieved cannot be outside the limits stated in the table below:

Troop Class Maximum Minimum M1 +3 -1 M2 +5 -3 M3 +5 -5

Note: If an M1 unit achieves a random factor result of +4 it is counted as only +3.

Result

Any positive result gies the uer of fightig fators lost the target uit. This figure is sutrated fro the uits preset fighting factor total on the casualty record sheets. Ignore any negative results.

Example:

450 bowmen are firing at 1000 close order infantry at 120mm range, and the random factor result is plus two. From the table the basic factor is thirty one and the random factor is plus ten (i.e. 2 x 5), giving a final result of 31 + 10 = 41 fighting factors lost. Had the random factor been -2 then the above result would be 31 – 10 = 21 fighting factors lost.

Firing into Melee

No unit may be engaged with missile fire while it is engaged in melee.

johnny okane (order #7165245) Missile Morale

This morale test is taken by a unit which suffers the loss of 50 or more fighting factors from missile fire in any one move. The test should be taken immediately the loss occurs. Any compulsory action by the unit will not take place until the beginning of the next move unless it is a charging unit, when the order will apply from the point where fire was taken.

To deterie a uits issile orale, take a asi orale fator of 8 ad add or sutrat the folloig:

1. Fro Tale o the orale oat hart, deterie the uits random factor by throwing one die and cross refereig this sore ith the uits M ratig. Add or sutrat this result to the asi orale ratig fator 2. Tur to the total loss fator tale, Tale , ad opare the uits preset fightig fator ith its iitial fightig fator and subtract the result, if any, from 1 above 3. Finally, add or subtract any tactical factors from Table 4

Result

The resulting score is now cross-refereed o the Morale ‘esults Tale to deterie the uits ourse of atio et oe, or this move if it is charging.

johnny okane (order #7165245) Melee Combat

A melee will take place when two or more opposing units come into contact with each other. All melee calculations will be made at the end of each move.

Charging

A unit may charge once in every three moves but may use its charge rate continually when pursuing a unit which it has routed, or which is attempting to evade it. Open order sling and bow armed troops may not initiate a charge.

Counter-Charging

A unit wishing to counter-charge may elect to do so even in its own firing move. For a unit to mount an effective counter-charge it will not be able to fire if it is at close range. If at long range it may fire before starting its charge. An infantry unit may only counter-charge another charging infantry unit.

Pursuit

Pursuit, after a melee, is automatic of the first move, except for artillery crews who never pursue, M1 class infantry and other units who are with the C-in-C and who may choose their action.

On the second and subsequent rounds of pursuit all units except M3 class may break off the pursuit. M3 class units may attempt to break off pursuit by throwing one die: 1-4 and they must continue the pursuit; 5-6 and they may break off the pursuit. Routing units and their pursuers will move and melee each move, ignoring the firing and non-firing move rules.

Evading

Open order sling and bow armed troops and artillery crews must attempt to evade an attacker. Other open order troops may evade as necessary.

An evade move must be declared immediately the charge is announced and is then a move straight back without allowing for any turn deduction. The evading unit will finish with its back to the enemy and will be unformed at the end of the move.

Gallic Infantry

Gallic infantry have a special melee rule to simulate the throwing of their javelins as they charge home, and then reverting to the use of their large flat swords. To represent this, Gallic swordsmen will count as javelin armed troops in the first round of melee. In the second and subsequent rounds they will count as sword armed troops.

johnny okane (order #7165245)

Flank Attacks

When an attacking unit engages another in flank, or only part of an enemy unit counter, it will count only half its present fighting factor in the first round of melee. In the second and subsequent rounds of the same melee the unit may count its full fighting factor, if not engaged by more than one enemy unit.

Note: Infantry may only advance to engage enemy cavalry in a melee if the cavalry are already engaged in a stationary melee.

These units may only use half their present fighting factor in the first round of melee

Defender Attacker Attacker

Attacker Defender

This unit will use half its present fighting factor against each attacking unit in all rounds of the melee

Attacker In this instance both attacking units will Defender count their full present fighting factor in the second and subsequent rounds of melee. The defending unit will count its full present fighting factor to its front and

Attacker also one quarter of its present fighting factor to its attacked flank

Melee Calculation

When two or more unit counters come into contact with each other a melee will result. To determine the result of the melee proceed as follows:

1. From Table 1 on the Melee Chart, determine the units eapo fator ross-referencing the uits preset fightig factor with the type of enemy it is engaging, in the appropriate weapon section 2. Add or subtract to 1 above any tactical factors that apply 3. Finally, throw one die and cross-referee the sore ith the uits M ratig i the ‘ado Factor Table. Add or subtract the result to 2 above.

Result

Any positive result is the number of fighting factors lost by the opposing unit. If more than one unit is opposing, divide the result in proportion to the number of units engaged. Ignore any negative results.

4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 above for the opposing unit

johnny okane (order #7165245) Melee Morale

This is a continuation of the melee and such tests should be taken by the unit losing the most factors in the melee round.

5. After 4 above, determine which unit as lost the melee, i.e. the unit losing the most fighting factors, and its loss factor from Table 1 6. From the Tactical Factor Table add or subtract any relevant tactical factors to 5 above 7. Tur to the Total Loss Fator Tale, Tale . Copare the uits preset fighting factor with its initial fighting factor and subtract the result, if any, from 6 above 8. Throw one die and cross-referee the sore ith the uits M ratig o the ‘ado Fator Tale. Add or sutrat this result to 7 above

Result

Using the resulting factor consult the Morale Results Table to determine any compulsory action which the unit must carry out next move.

GOOD The unit may carry on the with the melee or take any other optional action PUSHED BACK Tthe unit is pushed back 10mm, giving the opposing unit the option to follow up RETREAT 1 MOVE The unit must retreat facing the enemy for one move, giving the opposing unit the option to follow up ROUT The unit will turn, without penalty, and move at rout speed directly away from the melee. In the following moves, if not rallied, it must attempt to move directly towards its own base line.

Retreat to Cover

Applies to missile morale only, and means that the unit must retreat, facing the enemy, to the nearest cover.

Cover is defined as: to the rear of friendly close order or order troops. Once in cover the unit must remain stationary for one move.

johnny okane (order #7165245) Note on Routing Units

A routing unit may move round other friendly units if those units are not touching it, and there is a gap, at least 10mm wide, to one flank. If neither of these cases applies the routing unit must break through them.

Attacker Attacker Defender Defender

Defender Defender Defender Defender Defender Defender

Rout Rout

Rallying

To rally a routing unit throw one ordinary die and consult the table below:

Unit Strength M Rating Full to ¾ ¾ to ½ ½ to ¼ Below ¼ M1 2 to 6 3 to 6 4 to 6 5 or 6 C-in-C with unit M2 3 to 6 4 to 6 5 or 6 6 M3 4 to 6 5 or 6 6 - M4 3 to 6 3 to 6 5 or 6 6 C-in-C not with unit M5 4 to 6 5 or 6 6 6 M6 4 to 6 5 or 6 6 -

NOTE: The figures in the table are the dice throw required to rally a unit.

johnny okane (order #7165245) Appendix One – Creating Terrain

To make up terrain features for this game proceed as follows:

Hills

Cut hill contours from brown or grey card, in varying sizes and shapes, and mark the crest line on each:

6" to 10"

2" 4" to2"

Place on top, lining up the crest lines at either end.

1" to1" 2"

4" to 6"

Dead ground, broken ground and soft sand

Cut irregular shape etee ad 6 log to ide fro oloured ard differet to that hih is used for the hills. Mark each piece with the type of ground that it represents. Scrub and wood can also be made in this way using green card.

Road, rivers and bridges

All such terrain features can be indicated on the playing area by using coloured chalks.

johnny okane (order #7165245) Appendix Two - Deciding the Winner

Set up the terrain and before placing the unit counters in their start positions decide which game type is to be played:

Allocate points, between 50 and 200 to various terrain features

Or, determine some action which the attacker must take to achieve victory i.e. clear the road off the board or take the main hill i the defeders etre.

To achieve victory the attacker must either take more terrain points than the defender holds at the end of the game, for the first case, or achieve his objective for the second case.

Type of Game

It is suggested that the type of game played is that of attack/defence, where one side occupies a defensive position and the other side assaults that position. The defender should occupy positions which cover at least three quarters of the width of the playing area, and his forces should be set up before the attacker determines the start positions for his units.

Campaigns

For the purpose of campaigns use the following scale:

Battlefield ½ mile = 400mm

One pair of moves = ½ hour

Writing Orders

In the basic game, when each side has set out its unit counters, both commanders write general orders for each section of their army. These orders will be carried out and may only be changed by the C-in-C counter being moved to the units concerned in the new orders.

Individual units may be given specific orders if required, and artillery must be given specific targets or target priorities, which may only be changed by the C-in-C.

johnny okane (order #7165245) Appendix Three – Counters and Definitions

Casualty Record Sheet Definitions U Unit Identification IF Initial fighting factor K Killed PF Present fighting factor B Artillery unit identification D This column should be ignored

Game Counters Troop type / Legion number Cohort number

I 2 Unit formation CO 625 M2 Uits M ratig Initial fighting factor

NOTE: All Roman and Carthaginian cavalry are armed with javelins and swords. Roman cohorts are armed with legionary weapons. Other units are armed as indicated on the counter.

Other Counters

RC Place by the side of a unit ordered to retreat to cover

PB Place by the side of a unit which is pushed back in melee

R Place by the side of a unit which is ordered to retreat

NOTE: To indicate a unit which is routing, take any of the above counters and place by the unit with the blank side upper-most.

Weapon Identification Codes

LTS Long Thrusting Spear STS Short Thrusting Spear HTS Heavy Throwing Spear 2HH Two-Handed Cutting Weapon Sw Sword Only

johnny okane (order #7165245)

cavalry order Open Open cavalry order Open Open cavalry order Close Close cavalry order Close Close Spanish or Spanish Gauls Spanish or Spanish Auxiliary Carthaginian Army Carthaginian Legion 1 Legion Roman Army Roman Open order infantry Open Open order infantry Open Close order infantry Close Artillery Legion 2 Legion Spanish or Spanish Auxiliary Spanish or Spanish Gauls cavalry order Close Close cavalry order Close Close cavalry order Open Open cavalry order Open Open

johnny okane (order #7165245) Appendix Four – Combat Charts Melee Tables

Own Opposing Troop Type Over 1001 120 125 115 125 Own Present 801 – 1000 100 105 95 105 Weapon Fighting Cav. Inf. Ele. Char. 601 – 800 80 85 75 85 PIKE (Note 2) Factors 401 – 600 60 65 55 65 Over 800 85 106 65 75 201 – 400 40 45 35 45 601-800 68 88 50 60 LEGIONARY Under 201 20 25 18 25 401-600 52 71 37 48 WEAPONS Over 801 65 90 60 65 201-400 36 54 23 32 TWO-HANDED 601 – 800 60 80 50 55 Under 201 18 34 8 15 CUTTING 401 – 600 50 60 30 35 Over 800 90 100 70 80 WEAPON (Note 2) 201 – 400 30 55 20 25 LONG THRUSTING 601-800 75 80 51 60 SPEAR & SHORT Under 201 20 40 15 20 401-600 55 62 33 42 Over 301 66 78/32 30 78 THRUSTING CHARIOT (Note 2 201-400 38 45 20 30 151 – 300 46 58/25 20 58 SPEAR & 3) Under 201 18 25 10 15 Under 151 18 32/15 12 32 Over 800 82 90 80 90 601-800 63 80 60 70 1. Javelin Armed / Sword Armed INFANTRY DART 2. Please refer to expansions for additional rules 401-600 44 70 40 50 OR JAVELIN 3. Against infantry values are for normal/passing melee 201-400 26 50 20 30

Under 201 16 30 12 15 Table 2 – Random Factors Over 800 87 113 80 90 ALL TYPES OF 601-800 67 93 60 70 Dice Throw HEAVY Class 401-600 48 73 40 50 1 2 3 4 5 6 THROWING 201-400 28 53 20 30 M1 -10 -5 0 +5 +10 +15 SPEAR Under 201 17 33 12 18 M2 -15 -10 0 +5 +5 +10 Over 800 48 55 40 44 M3 -15 -10 -5 -1 0 +10 INFANTRY ARMED 601-800 38 45 30 34 ONLY WITH 401-600 28 35 22 25 Table 3 – Tactical Factors

SWORD 201-400 20 30 18 19 +5 Fresh unit joins melee this move (not if unit charged) Under 201 10 18 8 9 +5 Enemy pushed back last move Over 600 80/55 85/60 60/60 70/50 +8 Following up a retreating or routing enemy CAVALRY JAVELIN 401-600 58/35 70/40 40/40 50/32 +12 United charged into contact this move AND SWORD 201-400 38/25 50/30 20/20 30/22 -10 Infantry facing enemy across cover (Note 1) 101-200 20/15 30/20 10/10 18/12 -20 Cavalry or elephant facing enemy across cover Under 101 10/8 25/15 8/8 12/8 -30 Chariots facing enemy across cover Over 200 30 45 25 45 -10 Own unit unformed ELEPHANT 101-200 20 30 18 30 -20 Own unit routing Under 101 12 17 10 17 Enemy Weapons Own Weapon Melee Gallic Round Javelin HTS Pike/LTS Legion. Kontos Sword 1st -3 -8 - -8 +10 +5 Subs. - - -5 -5 - -

Missile Table

701 501 301 101 1 NUMBER OF FIGHTING FACTORS FIRING 901+ To To To To To 900 700 500 300 100 Long CO & O 901+ 57 48 41 31 23 13 Infantry & 300-900 45 40 35 27 19 10 All CO Cav. 1-300 38 36 32 24 17 8 artillery Open 901+ 35 29 23 18 14 10 and bows Order 300-900 28 24 20 16 12 8 over Troops 1-300 23 21 18 14 11 8 75mm TARGET 901+ 28 23 18 14 11 8 Armoured 300-900 22 19 16 12 9 6 Cavalry

TARGET FORMATION FORMATION TARGET

FIGHTING FACTORS IN IN FACTORS FIGHTING 1-300 18 16 14 10 7 4 Short CO & O 901+ 80 72 64 49 36 20

RANGE RANGE Infantry & 300-900 65 60 55 42 30 17 Bows CO Cav. 1-300 55 53 50 38 27 15 under Open 901+ 62 53 44 34 24 12 75mm & Order 300-900 50 44 38 29 20 10 hand- Troops 1-300 42 40 34 26 18 8 hurled TARGET 901+ 44 36 29 23 18 11 Armoured weapons 300-900 35 30 25 20 15 9 Cavalry

& slings FORMATION TARGET

FIGHTING FACTORS IN IN FACTORS FIGHTING 1-300 29 27 22 18 13 7

Troop Class Maximum Minimum M1 +3 -1 M2 +5 -3 M3 +5 -5

johnny okane (order #7165245)

Movement Tables

The tables below give the maximum distance in MMs that a unit may move in any one move turn. Turning

Troop Normal Charge/Rout Wheeling Retreat To turn a unit up to 180° requires one full move. Type Rate Rate * Rate CO Woods 45 60 25 30 Infantry Terrain Broken Marsh Hills * O Infantry 75 100 40 40 Soft Sand OO CO 90 120 50 50 ½ Rate Impassable Infantry O -30 A Cavalry 60 120 45 25 Inf. OO Normal ½ Rate CO Cavalry 110 200 75 40 A ½ Rate OO Cavalry 160 220 120 80 CO Impassable -40

Elephant 75 100 20 Not Poss. Cav. OO Normal Chariot 80 120 20 Not Poss. * Penalty applies to either up or down. * This distance is the maximum distance which a unit, or any part of that unit, may move in any turn in which it wheels. CO – Close Order; O – Order; OO – Open Order; A – Armoured

Morale Tables

Table 1 – Losses

Own Losses

Enemy 20 30 50 60 70 80 90

------100 Losses 10

0- 11 21 31=4- 41 51 61 71 81 91 101-110 111-120 121-130 131-140 140 Over 0-10 75 60 40 25 10 R R R R R R R R R R 11-20 75 60 50 30 20 10 R R R R R R R R 21-30 75 60 50 30 20 10 R R R R R R R 31-40 75 60 50 30 20 15 R R R R R R 41-50 75 60 50 30 20 15 R R R R R 51-60 75 60 50 30 20 15 R R R R 61-70 75 60 50 30 20 15 R R R 71-80 75 60 50 30 20 15 R R 81-90 75 60 50 30 20 15 R 91-100 75 60 50 30 20 15 101-110 70 55 45 25 15 111-120 70 55 45 25 121-130 70 55 45 131-140 70 55 Over 140 70

R = Automatic Rout

Table 2- Total Unit Loss Table 4 – Tactical Factors Present Fighting +10 C-in-C with unit Factor +10 Unit advanced for any part of move Initial -10 Unit unformed Fighting -10 Unit unsupported when in the open

-149 -149 Factor and no other unit within 150mm

Up to 74 74 Up to 75 150-249 250-375 376-525 526-675 676-825 826-975 975 Over 200-300 -30 -20 -10 -12 If under missile fire 301-500 -30 -30 -20 -10 -5 Pre friendly unit routing within 501-700 -30 -30 -25 -20 -10 200mm and in sight (up to a 701-900 -30 -30 -30 -20 -20 -10 maximum of -15 factors) 901-1100 -30 -30 -30 -25 -20 -20 -10 1101-1300 -30 -30 -30 -30 -25 -20 -20 -10 Table 5 – Morale Result Table Over 1300 -30 -30 -30 -30 -25 -20 -20 -10 -10 Morale Factor Unit in melee Unit under fire Table 3 – Random Factors Total 70+ Good Good Dice 60-69 Pushed Back Good Throw 1 2 3 4 5 6 50-59 Retreat 1 Move May not advance ‘M’ Rating for 1 move M1 +5 +10 +20 +25 +30 +30 40-49 Retreat 1 Move Retreat to cover * M2 -5 0 0 +5 +10 +15 Less than 40 Rout Rout M3 -10 -5 0 0 +5 +10 * Cover may be defined as to the immediate rear of a friendly close order or order unit

johnny okane (order #7165245) Casualty & Fighting Factor Record Infantry

U IF U IF U IF U IF U IF U IF U IF K D PF K D PF K D PF K D PF K D PF K D PF K D PF

Casualty & Fighting Factor Record Cavalry & Artillery

U IF U IF U IF U IF U IF U IF U IF K D PF K D PF K D PF K D PF K D PF K D PF K D PF

U IF U IF U IF U IF B IF B IF B IF K D PF K D PF K D PF K D PF Target PF Target PF Target PF

B IF B IF B IF B IF B IF B IF B IF Target PF Target PF Target PF Target PF Target PF Target PF Target PF

johnny okane (order #7165245) Appendix Five – Rules clarifications Question Response If a routing unit breaks through another friendly unit what status does this unit become? Unformed If charging units move in phase 2 of the movement sequence, how can counter charging units move if they will become adjacent at the end of the Measure the charge distance of both charging and counter charging units, move? they will meet at the halfway point If a pursuit after a melee is automatic for the first move, may pursuing units Yes, if they do not wish to break off the pursuit they remain in contact unless oe i phase of the ees et oe tur? the routing unit moves faster. When units are pushed back as the result of a morale check do the opposing units following up, move in phase 1 of the next move? They follow up automatically as it is assumed to be at the same time. Ma pursuig uits oe i their ees oe tur? Only when in contact with a routing unit. At what rate does an evading unit move? Charge rate. In the second and subsequent rounds of melee, what factor does a flanked unit have to its front and flank? The unit will have full factor to the front and ¼ to the flank. Is it possible to fire on an enemy which is behind another unit (friendly or enemy)? No, this is classed as in dead ground. Are losses of melee calculation step 1 taken into account by the opposing unit in melee calculation step 4? No, they are considered to be simultaneous.

johnny okane (order #7165245)

CO M2 CO 625 M2 CO 625 M2 CO 625 CO M2 CO 625 M2 CO 625 M2 CO 625 M2 CO 625 M2 CO 625

CO M2 CO 625

CO M2 CO 625 M2 CO 625 CO M2 CO 625 M2 CO 625 M2 CO 625 M2 CO 625 M2 CO 625 M2 CO 625

CO M2 CO 625

R R R

II II 10

I I 10

II II 9 II 8 II 7 II 6 II 5 II 4 II 3 II 2

I 9 I 8 I 7 I 6 I 5 I 4 I 3 I 2

R R R

R R

CO 1100 M2 1100 CO M2 1100 CO

CO 500 M2 500 CO M2 500 CO M2 500 CO M2 500 CO

OO 350 M3 350 OO M3 350 OO

OO 230 M3 230 OO OO 230 M3 230 OO

CO 980 M3 980 CO

CO 980 M3 980 CO M3 980 CO M3 980 CO CO 980 M3 980 CO

CO 980 M3 980 CO

Javelin 4 Javelin 3 Javelin 2 Javelin 1

Sling 2 Sling 1

Auxiliary 1

Auxiliary 2

Bow Bow 2 Bow 1

Spanish 4 Spanish 3 Spanish 2 Spanish 1

I I 2 I 1

HTS HTS HTS HTS

LTS

RC RC

OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO CO CO CO CO CO CO

Auxiliary 6 Auxiliary 5 Auxiliary 4 Auxiliary 3 Auxiliary 2 Auxiliary 1 Irregular 3 Irregular 2 Irregular 1 Roman 6 Roman 5 Roman 4 Roman 3 Roman 2 Roman 1

RC RC

358 M1 358 M1 358 M1 358 M1 358 M1 358 M1 358

C in C

235 M2 235 M2 235 M2 235 M2 235 M2 235 M2 203 M3 203 M3 203 M3

RC RC

Artillery 1 Artillery 2

OO 200 M2 OO 200 M2

100 110 120 130 140 150

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

PB CO 1067 M2 CO 1067 M2 CO 1067 M2 CO 1067 M2 CO 1067 M2 CO 1067 M2 CO 1067 M2 CO 1067 M2 CO 1067 CO 1156 M1 CO 1156 M1 CO 1156 CO 1067 M2 CO 1067 M2 CO 1067 M2 CO 1067 M2 CO 1067 FIRINGARCS PB Spanish 4 Spanish 3 Spanish 2 Spanish 1 Citizen2 Citizen1 Libyan 8 Libyan 7 Libyan 6 Libyan 5 Libyan 4 Libyan 3 Libyan 2 Libyan 1 HTS HTS HTS HTS LTS LTS LTS LTS LTS LTS LTS LTS LTS LTS ß PB Close Order Close & artillery & PB à ß Order PB Open O O 970 M3 O 970 M3 O 970 M3 O 970 M3 O 970 M3 O 970 M3 OO 350 M2 350 OO M2 350 OO OO 350 M2 350 OO M2 350 OO M2 350 OO OO 350 M2 350 OO M2 350 OO 300 300 M3 Elephant 1 Elephant PB Balearic2 Balearic1 Spanish 2 Spanish 1 Spanish African 3 African 2 African 1 African Gallic6 Gallic5 Gallic4 Gallic3 Gallic2 Gallic1 Javelin Javelin Javelin Javelin Javelin Javelin Javelin PB PB Sw Sw Sw Sw Sw Sw 300 300 M3 C inC C Elephant 2 PB PB PB PB PB PB CO Gallic 3 CO Gallic 2 CO Gallic 1 CO 2 Spanish CO 1 Spanish CO 3 Libyan CO 2 Libyan CO 1 Libyan CO Noble OO Irregular1 OO Irregular1 OO Irregular1 OO Irregular1 OO Irregular1 OO Irregular1 490 M3 490 M3 490 M3 533 M2 533 M2 579 M2 579 M2 579 M2 613 M1 450 M3 450 M3 450 M3 450 M3 450 M3 450 M3 100 110 120 130 140 150 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

johnny okane (order #7165245)

johnny okane (order #7270789) Introduction to the Hurlbat Publishing Edition

Weloe to the Hurlat Pulishig editio of Miro Warfare “eries: Micro Ancient Expansion I - Chariot Era & Far East

An expansion to the popular Micro Ancient game, this title introduces three additional belligerents to enhance play: Assyrian, Chinese and Egyptian. The section for each army includes counters for use in the game; applicable rule amendments as well as some brief information about the country at the time (source: Wikipedia)

PLEASE NOTE: You must have a copy of Micro Warfare: Micro Ancients to make use of this title.

The Micro Warfare series was originally published by Tabletop Games in the 1970s with this title being published in 1976. Each game in the series aims to recreate the feel of tabletop wargaming with large numbers of miniatures but using printed counters and terrain so that games can be played in a small space and are very cost-effective.

In these new editions we have kept the rules and most of the illustrations unchanged but have modernised the layout and counter designs to refresh the game. Please look out for more games and expansions from this series being released over the next few months:

Product Subject Additional Armies Ancients Expansion I Chariot Era & Far East Assyrian; Chinese; Egyptian Ancients Expansion II Classical Era Indian; Macedonian; Persian; Seleucid Ancients Expansion III Enemies of Rome Britons; Gallic; Goth Ancients Expansion IV Fall of Rome Byzantine; Hun; Late Roman; Sassanid Ancients Expansion V The Dark Ages Norman; Saxon; Viking

Happy gaming!

Kris & Dave Hurlbat February 2013

Contents: Amendments to basic rules

Assyria

China

Egypt

Tip - For est results he pritig outers, please set your Page “alig optio to Noe.

johnny okane (order #7270789) Amendments to basic rules

Chariots Example of a passing melee: Bow armed chariot units may only engage targets at short range, i.e. 75mm or less. Chariots are classed as an Open Order target for missiles.

Chariot units may charge across the front of enemy units engaging them with missile fire. This 40mm is achieved by the unit charging towards the enemy then turning 90°, which costs 20mm of oeet, just efore otat is ade, ad otiuig the harge alog the eeys frot. Infantry Infantry

Chariots moving this way may not be engaged in melee by infantry units. 80mm

Chariot Melees Position of chariot Add the following factors to the melee table on the combat charts: unit at the end of the move after fighting a Present fighting Cavalry Infantry Elephant Chariots passing melee with factor 301+ 66 78 / 32* 30 78 Chariot unit declares infantry. 151 – 300 46 58 / 25* 20 58 charge. Infantry unit Less than 151 18 32 / 15* 12 32 *Normal melee / passing melee declares anti-chariot tactic. After the first round of normal melee, chariots will unform the unit they are attacking. This

does not apply if the melee is a passing melee, where the defending infantry unit uses the following Anti-Chariot tactic. Bow armed cavalry These bow armed cavalry units may always choose to evade an attacker. If they do become Anti-Chariot tactics involved in a melee they will count as sword armed only unless equipped with another M1 and M2 class units may open ranks to allow the attacking chariot unit to pass through, only weapon. They may only engage an enemy unit at short range, ie 75mm or less. if the chariot unit mas moved at least 25mm into contact. This tactic must be declared immediately the chariot charge is stated. If the infantry unit opens its ranks, the chariots must Two handed cutting weapons (2HCW) attempt to make a full charge move, a passing melee is fought as the chariots pass through the Add the following factors to the two handed cutting weapon section on the melee table on the infantry unit. The infantry unit will count only half its present fighting factor in a passing melee combat charts: calculation, and will be considered as being unformed during that move, but not in the Present fighting Cavalry Infantry Elephant Chariots following move. factor 801+ 65 90 60 65 M3 units must, and M1 / M2 units may choose to meet chariots as in a normal melee. 601 – 800 60 80 50 55 401 – 600 50 60 30 35 201 – 400 30 55 20 25 Less than 201 20 40 15 20 Note: Certain units such as the Viking Berserks have been classed as armed with 2HCW for factor purposes and is not necessarily historically accurate.

Kontos armed cavalry These will lose their kontos weapon after the contact round. Once the kontos has been lost the cavalry will count as being sword armed only. johnny okane (order #7270789) Pike armed infantry Seleucid elephant units Add the factors below to the melee table on the combat charts: These counters represent the basic elephant unit and also its escorting light infantry. The combined units are armed with javelin and slings, and when using missile fire halve the units Present fighting Cavalry Infantry Elephant Chariots factor present fighting factor for each type of weapon. When engaged in a melee use the units full 1001+ 120 125 115 125 present fighting factor. 801 – 1000 100 105 95 105 601 – 800 80 85 75 85 401 – 600 60 65 55 65 201 – 400 40 45 35 45 Less than 201 20 25 18 25 Pikes hit in the flank are not only unformed, but only half their present fighting factor may fight to the front instead of the usual full factor. The usual quarter of the present fighting factor may still fight to the engaged flank.

Crossbows For purposes of the issile tale lass rossos as Bo fire at uder 75 rage ut at all rages. Crosso ared uits ay oly fire at the ed of the fire oe due to the legthy loading time.

Maximum range will be 200mm.

Add 10 factors when crossbows are engaging armoured cavalry targets.

Halberds Class these eapos as Pikes ut dedut 20 fators he egaged y ilitary uits.

Rockets Class as artillery (War engines) with a maximum range of 500mm.

A unit taking casualties from rocket fire will immediately take a morale test as will all mounted units along the line of flight of the rockets.

Units taking casualties will be classed as under missile fire and unformed during that move. Units along the line of flight will be classed as unformed for that move.

Poleaxe and mace armed units Class these weapons as 2HCWs.

Multi-weaponed units Units armed with more than one stated weapon may choose which weapon they will use prior to engaging in melee. If the unit changes weapons during that melee then it will have a -10 factor in that melee round.

johnny okane (order #7270789) Assyria Hurrians, Shutu and neo Hittites; driving the Nubians, Kushites and Ethiopians from Egypt; defeating the Cimmerians and Scythians; and exacting tribute from Phrygia, Magan and Punt The Neo-Assyrian Empire was an empire in Mesopotamian history which began in 934 BC and among others. ended in 609 BC. During this period, Assyria assumed a position as the most powerful state on earth, successfully eclipsing Babylonia, Egypt, Urartu/Armenia and Elam for dominance of the Near East, Asia Minor, Caucasus, North Africa and east Mediterranean, though not until the The Neo-Assyrian Empire succeeded the Middle Assyrian period and Middle Assyrian Empire reforms of Tiglath-Pileser III in the 8th century BC did it become a vast empire. (14th to 10th century BC). Some scholars, such as Richard Nelson Frye, regard the Neo- Assyrian Empire to be the first real empire in human history. During this period, Aramaic was also made an official language of the empire, alongside the Akkadian language. Assyria was originally an Akkadian kingdom which evolved in the 25th to 24th Centuries BC. The earliest Assyrian kings such as Tudiya were relatively minor rulers, and after the founding of the Akkadian Empire, which lasted from 2334 BC to 2154 BC, these kings became subject to Assyria finally succumbed to a coalition of Babylonians, Medes, Scythians, and others at the Sargon of Akkad, who united all the Akkadian and Sumerian speaking peoples of Mesopotamia Fall of Nineveh in 612 BC, and the sacking of its last capital Harran in 608 BC. More than half a under one rule. century later, Babylonia and Assyria became provinces of the Persian Empire. Though the Assyrians during the reign of Ashurbanipal destroyed the Elamite civilization, the Assyrians' culture did influence the succeeding empires of the Medes and the Persians, Indo-Iranian The urbanised Akkadian nation of Assyria (and from 1894 BC, Babylonia) largely evolved from peoples who had been dominate d by Assyria. the dissolution of the Akkadian Empire.

In the Old Assyrian period of the Early Bronze Age, Assyria had been a kingdom of northern Mesopotamia (modern-day northern Iraq), competing for dominance initially with the Hattians and Hurrians of Asia Minor, and the ancient Sumero-Akkadian "city states" such as Isin, Ur and Larsa, and later with Babylonia which was founded by Amorites in 1894 BC, and often under Kassite rule. During the 20th Century BC, it established colonies in Asia Minor, and under the 20th Century BC King Ilushuma, Assyria conducted many successful raids against the states of the south. It had experienced fluctuating fortunes in the Middle Assyrian period.

Assyria had a period of empire under Shamshi-Adad I in the late 19th to mid-18th Centuries BC, following this it found itself under short periods of Babylonian and Mitanni-Hurrian domination in the 17th and 15th Centuries BC respectively, followed by another period of great power and empire from 1365 BC to 1074 BC, that included the reigns of great kings such as Ashur-uballit I, Tukulti-Ninurta I and Tiglath-Pileser I. During the ancient 'Dark Ages' Assyria remained a strong and stable nation, unlike its rivals.

Beginning with the campaigns of Adad-nirari II, it again became a great power, overthrowing the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt and conquering Egypt, Babylonia, Elam, Urartu, Media, Persia, Mannea, Gutium, Phoenicia/Canaan, Aramea (Syria), Arabia, Israel, Judah, Philistia, Edom, Moab, Samarra, Cilicia, Cyprus, Chaldea, Nabatea, Commagene, Dilmun and the johnny okane (order #7270789) 1 M1 1 M2 1 Quradu LTS Bow Aux M3 1120 CO 811 O 265 Bow 2 M2 OO 2 M1 Bow Quradu LTS 811 O 2 1120 CO Aux M3 3 M2 265 Bow Bow 1 M2 OO 811 O LTS 1060 CO 4 M2 1 Bow M3 LTS / Bow 2 M2 811 O 413 OO LTS 5 M2 1060 CO Bow 2 811 O M3 3 M2 LTS / Bow 1 M3 413 LTS OO 1060 CO Aux Javelin 330 OO 1 4 M2 2 M3 M3 LTS Aux Javelin 347 Bow 1060 CO 330 OO OO

5 M2 3 M3 Aux Javelin 2 LTS M3 330 OO 1060 CO 347 Bow 1 M2 OO 6 M2 Sling LTS 304 O 1 M2 1060 CO 2 M2 Bow Sling 446 CO 7 M2 304 O LTS 1 M3 2 M2 1060 CO Aux Bow Bow 235 OO 446 8 M2 CO 2 M3 LTS Aux Bow 1060 CO 3 235 OO M2 Bow 1 M3 9 M2 446 CO Aux Sling LTS 219 OO 1060 CO 1 M2 2 M3 A/Cav LTS / Bow Aux Sling 10 M2 546 CO LTS 219 OO 1060 CO 1 2 2 M2 Bow/Javelin Bow/Javelin

Chariot Chariot LTS / Bow

C in C 487 487 546 CO

M2 M2

johnny okane (order #7270789) with Japan, introducing the Chinese writing system there. In 580 AD, China was reunited under China the Sui. However, the Sui Dynasty declined following its defeat in the Goguryeo–Sui War (598– 614) Chinese tradition names the first imperial dynasty Xia, but it was considered mythical until scientific excavations found early Bronze Age sites at Erlitou in Henan Province in 1959.

Archaeologists have since uncovered urban sites, bronze implements, and tombs in locations cited as Xia's in ancient historical texts, but it is impossible to verify that these remains are of the Xia without written records from the period.

The first Chinese dynasty that left historical records, the loosely feudal Shang (Yin), settled along the Yellow River in eastern China from the 17th to the 11th century BC. The oracle bone script of the Shang Dynasty represents the oldest form of Chinese writing yet found, and the direct ancestor of the modern Chinese characters used throughout East Asia.

The Shang were invaded from the west by the Zhou, who ruled between the 12th and 5th centuries BC, until their centralized authority was slowly eroded by feudal warlords. Many independent states eventually emerged out of the weakened Zhou state, and continually waged war with each other in the 300-year-long Spring and Autumn Period, only occasionally deferring to the Zhou king. By the time of the Warring States Period of the 5th–3rd centuries BC, there were seven powerful sovereign states in what is now China, each with its own king, ministry and army.

The Great Wall of China was built by several dynasties over two thousand years to protect the sedentary agricultural regions of the Chinese interior from incursions by nomadic pastoralists of the northern steppes.

The first unified Chinese state was established by Qin Shi Huang of the Qin state in 221 BC. Qin Shi Huang proclaimed himself the "First Emperor" (始皇帝), and imposed many reforms throughout China, notably the forced standardization of the Chinese language, measurements, length of cart axles, and currency. The Qin Dynasty lasted only fifteen years, falling soon after Qin Shi Huang's death, as its harsh legalist and authoritarian policies led to widespread rebellion.

The subsequent Han Dynasty ruled China between 206 BC and 220 AD, and created a lasting Han cultural identity among its populace that has endured to the present day. The Han Dynasty expanded the empire's territory considerably with military campaigns reaching Korea, Vietnam, Mongolia and Central Asia, and also helped establish the Silk Road in Central Asia. Han China gradually became the largest economy of the ancient world. After the collapse of Han, another period of disunion followed, including the highly chivalric period of the Three Kingdoms. Independent Chinese states of this period such as Wu opened diplomatic relations johnny okane (order #7270789)

M2 CO M2 CO M3 M3 M3 M3 M2 CO M2 CO M2 CO OO OO OO OO C in C M2 M2 Bow Bow Javelin Javelin Javelin Javelin Kontos Kontos LTS LTS 379 379 Chariot Chariot Kontos / Jav / Kontos Bow/Javelin/ Bow/Javelin/ Rockets M2 OO150 Cataphract 593 1 360 2 360 1 375 2 375 1 2 1 A/Cav 567 2 A/Cav 567 1 465 2 465 M3 M3 M3 M3 OO OO OO OO Bow Bow Bow Bow

Crossbow Crossbow Bow / Jav. / Bow Jav. / Bow Jav. / Bow Jav. / Bow 1 335 2 335 3 335 4 335 12M3 3M3 4M3 M3 211OO 211OO 211OO 211OO 2Convicts205Javelin 3M3 ConvictsOO 205Javelin 4M3 ConvictsOO 205Javelin M3 OO 12392M3 OO 239M3 OO 1Convicts205Javelin M3 OO Engine 2 M2 2 OO 198 LTS LTS LTS LTS LTS LTS LTS LTS LTS LTS LTS Halbardier Halbardier Halbardier Engine 29653M2 CO 965M2 M2 1 CO OO198 48705M3 CO 8706M3 CO 8701M3 CO 9102M2 CO 9103M2 CO 9104M2 CO 9101M2 CO 965M2 CO 118708702M3M3 CO CO 8703M3 CO 870M3 CO johnny okane (order #7270789) (order okane johnny Egypt Egypt's international prestige declined considerably towards the end of the Third Intermediate Period. From the 10th century BC onwards, its allies in the Southern Levant had fallen to the Assyrian Empire, and by 700 BC war between the two Empires became inevitable. Taharqa Following the death of Ramesses XI in 1078 BC, Smendes assumed authority over the northern enjoyed some initial minor success in his attempts to regain a foothold in the Near East. He part of Egypt, ruling from the city of Tanis. The south was effectively controlled by the High aided the Judean King Hezekiah when the latter was attacked by Sennacherib, the Assyrian Priests of Amun at Thebes, who recognized Smendes in name only. king, who was besieging Jerusalem (2 Kings 19:9;Isaiah 37:9), however disease among the During this time, Berber tribes from what was later to be called Libya had been settling in the besiegers appears to have been the primary reason for failing to actually take the city, and western delta and the chieftains of these settlers began increasing their autonomy. Libyan Senacherib's annals claim Judah was forced into tribute regardless. Eventually however, the princes took control of the delta under Shoshenq I in 945 BC, founding the so-called Libyan Assyrian King Sennacherib defeated Taharqa and drove the Egyptians and Nubians from the Berber, or Bubastite, dynasty that ruled for some 200 years. Shoshenq also gained control of Near East. southern Egypt by placing his family members in important priestly positions. The Assyrians, tiring of Egyptian meddling in its empire, began their invasion of Egypt under In the mid-9th century BC, Egypt made a failed attempt to once more gain a foothold in King Esarhaddon, successor of Sennacherib, who had been murdered by his own sons for Western Asia. Osorkon II of Egypt, along with a large alliance of nations and peoples, including; destroying the rebellious city of Babylon. Taharqa was easily routed, and driven from power by Israel, Hamath, Phoenicia/Caanan, the Arabs, Arameans, and neo Hittites among others Esarhaddon who conquered Egypt with surprising speed, thus destroying the Kushite Empire in engaged in the Battle of Karkar against the powerful Assyrian king Shalmaneser III in 853 BC, the process. Defeated, Taharqa fled back to his Nubian homeland. Esarhaddon describes; however this coalition of powers failed, and the Assyrian Empire continued to dominate the "installing local kings and governors" and "All Ethiopians (Nubians/Kushites) I deported from region. Egypt,leaving not one to do homage to me". However, the native rulers installed by Esarhaddon were unable to retain full control of the whole country for long. Two years later, Libyan Berber control began to erode as a rival native dynasty in the delta arose in Leontopolis. Taharqa returned from Nubia and seized control of a section of southern Egypt as far north as Also, the Nubians of the Kushites threatened Egypt from the lands to the south. Memphis. Esarhaddon prepared to return to Egypt and once more eject Taharqa, however he fell ill and died in his capital Nineveh before he left Assyria. His successor, Ashurbanipal, sent a Around 730 BC Libyans from the west fractured the political unity of the country general with a small but well trained army which defeated and ejected Taharqa from Drawing on millennia of interaction (trade, acculturation, occupation, assimilation, and war) Memphis, and once more drove him from Egypt. Taharqa died in Nubia two years later. with Egypt, the Kushite king Piye left his Nubian capital of Napata and invaded Egypt around His successor, Tanutamun, also made a failed attempt to regain Egypt for Nubia. He 727 BC. Piye easily seized control of Thebes and eventually the Nile Delta. He recorded the successfully defeated Necho, the puppet ruler installed by Ashurbanipal, taking Thebes in the episode on his stela of victory. Piye set the stage for subsequent 25th dynasty pharaohs, such process. The Assyrians then sent a large army southwards. Tantamani (Tanutamun) was as Taharqa, to reunite the "Two lands" of Northern and Southern Egypt. The Nile valley empire heavily routed and fled back to Nubia. The Assyrian army sacked Thebes to such an extent it was as large as it had been since the New Kingdom. The 25th dynasty ushered in a renaissance never truly recovered. A native ruler, Psammetichus I was placed on the throne, as a vassal of period for Ancient Egypt. Religion, the arts, and architecture were restored to their glorious Ashurbanipal, and the Nubians were never again to pose a threat Old, Middle, and New Kingdom forms. Pharaohs, such as Taharqa, built or restored temples and monuments throughout the Nile valley, including at Memphis, Karnak, Kawa, Jebel Barkal, etc. It was during the 25th dynasty that the Nile valley saw the first widespread construction of pyramids (many in modern Sudan) since the Middle Kingdom.

Piye made various unsuccessful attempts to extend Egyptian influence in the Near East, then controlled by Assyria. In 720 BC he sent an army in support a rebellion against Assyria in Philistia and Gaza, however Piye was defeated by Sargon II, and the rebellion failed. In 711 BC Piye again supported a revolt against the Assyrians by the Israelites of Ashdod, and was once again defeated by the Assyrian king Sargon II, and Piye was forced from the Near East. johnny okane (order #7270789) 1 M3 1 M2 1 M2 Poleset Javelin Bow LTS 558 O 834 O 992 CO 2 M3 2 M2 2 M2 Poleset Javelin Bow LTS 558 O 834 O 992 CO 1 M3 Medjway Bow 3 M2 3 M2 231 OO Bow LTS 834 O 992 CO 2 M3 Medjway Bow 4 M2 4 M2 231 OO Bow LTS 1 M2 834 O 992 CO Sling 290 OO 1 M2 5 M2 2 M2 Javelin LTS Sling 712 O 992 CO 290 OO

2 M2 6 M2 Bow/Javelin Javelin LTS 1 Chariot M1 712 O 992 CO 490

1 M2 7 M2 Bow/Javelin Bow LTS 2 Chariot M1 267 OO 992 CO 490

2 M2 C C in 8 M2 Bow Bow LTS 267 OO 992 CO 1 Chariot M2 440 1 M3 1 M2 Kharu Bow & Javelin Bow Poleaxe 2HCW 285 OO 892 O 2 Chariot M2 2 M3 440 Kharu Bow & Javelin 2 M2 285 OO Bow Poleaxe 2HCW 892 O 1 M 3 Chariot M2 Bow 440 294 OO 1 M2 Bow Mace 2HCW 2 M 772 O Bow 4 Chariot M2 294 OO 440 2 M2 Mace 2HCW 772 O

johnny okane (order #7270789) Appendix 1 – Army Cards on Letter size

Assyrian

1 M1 1 M2 1 Quradu LTS Bow Aux M3 1120 CO 811 O 265 Bow 2 M2 OO 2 M1 Bow Quradu LTS 811 O 2 1120 CO Aux M3 3 M2 265 Bow Bow 1 M2 OO 811 O LTS 1060 CO 4 M2 1 Bow M3 LTS / Bow 2 M2 811 O 413 OO LTS 5 M2 1060 CO Bow 2 811 O M3 3 M2 LTS / Bow 1 M3 413 LTS OO 1060 CO Aux Javelin 330 OO 1 4 M2 2 M3 M3 LTS Aux Javelin 347 Bow 1060 CO 330 OO OO

Chariot Chariot LTS / Bow

C in C 487 487 546 CO M2 M2

johnny okane (order #7270789) China

1 M3 1 M3 Bow/Javelin/ LTS Crossbow LTS 870 CO 239 OO 1 Chariot M2 2 M3 379 2 M3 Crossbow LTS 239 OO Bow/Javelin/ 870 CO LTS 1 M3 2 Chariot M2 3 M3 Bow LTS 211 OO 379 870 CO 2 M3 1 M2 4 M3 Bow A/Cav Kontos LTS 211 OO 567 CO 870 CO 3 M3 Bow 5 M3 2 M2 211 OO LTS A/Cav Kontos 870 CO 4 M3 567 CO Bow 6 M3 211 OO 1 LTS M2 870 CO 1 M3 Javelin 465 Convicts Javelin CO 1 M2 205 OO LTS 2 M2 910 CO 2 M3 Convicts Javelin Javelin 465 CO 2 M2 205 OO LTS 3 M3 Cataphract 910 CO Convicts Javelin M2 205 OO Kontos / Jav 3 M2 593 CO LTS 4 M3 910 CO Convicts Javelin 1 M3 205 OO Javelin 4 M2 360 LTS 1 OO 910 CO M3 Bow / Jav. 335 2 M3 OO 1 M2 Javelin Halbardier 360 OO 965 CO 2 M3 1 2 M2 335 Bow / Jav. M3 Halbardier OO Bow 375 965 CO OO 3 M3 3 M2 Bow / Jav. 2 M3 Halbardier 335 OO Bow 965 CO 375 OO 4 1 M2 2 M2 M3 M2 C in C Engine Engine 335 Bow / Jav. Rockets 198 OO 198 OO OO 150 OO

johnny okane (order #7270789) Egypt

1 M3 1 M2 1 M2 Poleset Javelin Bow LTS 558 O 834 O 992 CO 2 M3 2 M2 2 M2 Poleset Javelin Bow LTS 558 O 834 O 992 CO 1 M3 Medjway Bow 3 M2 3 M2 231 OO Bow LTS 834 O 992 CO 2 M3 Medjway Bow 4 M2 4 M2 231 OO Bow LTS 1 M2 834 O 992 CO Sling 290 OO 1 M2 5 M2 2 M2 Javelin LTS Sling 712 O 992 CO 290 OO

2 M2 6 M2 Bow/Javelin Javelin LTS 1 Chariot M1 712 O 992 CO 490

1 M2 7 M2 Bow/Javelin Bow LTS 2 Chariot M1 267 OO 992 CO 490

2 M2 C in C 8 M2 Bow Bow LTS 267 OO 992 CO 1 Chariot M2 440 1 M3 1 M2 Kharu Bow & Javelin Bow Poleaxe 2HCW 285 OO 892 O 2 Chariot M2 2 M3 440 Kharu Bow & Javelin 2 M2 285 OO Bow Poleaxe 2HCW 892 O 1 M 3 Chariot M2 Bow 440 294 OO 1 M2 Bow Mace 2HCW 2 M 772 O Bow 4 Chariot M2 294 OO 440 2 M2 Mace 2HCW 772 O

johnny okane (order #7270789)

johnny okane (order #7172889) Introduction to the Hurlbat Publishing Edition

Weloe to the Hurlat Pulishig editio of Miro Warfare Series: Miro Aiet Epasio II – Classial Era

An expansion to the popular Micro Ancient game, this title introduces four additional belligerents to enhance play: Indian, Macedonian, Persian and Seleucid. The section for each army includes counters for use in the game; applicable rule amendments as well as some brief information about the country at the time (source: Wikipedia)

PLEASE NOTE: You must have a copy of Micro Warfare: Micro Ancients to make use of this title.

Happy gaming!

Kris & Dave Hurlbat February 2013

Contents: Amendments to basic rules

India

Macedonia

Persia

Seleucid

Tip - For est results when printing ounters, please set your Page “aling option to None.

johnny okane (order #7172889) Amendments to basic rules

Chariots Example of a passing melee: Bow armed chariot units may only engage targets at short range, i.e. 75mm or less. Chariots are classed as an Open Order target for missiles.

Chariots moving this way may not be engaged in melee by infantry units. 80mm

Chariot Melees Position of chariot Add the following factors to the melee table on the combat charts: unit at the end of the move after fighting a Present fighting Cavalry Infantry Elephant Chariots passing melee with factor Chariot unit declares infantry. 301+ 66 78 / 32* 30 78 charge. Infantry unit 151 – 300 46 58 / 25* 20 58 Less than 151 18 32 / 15* 12 32 declares anti-chariot *Normal melee / passing melee tactic.

After the first round of normal melee, chariots will unform the unit they are attacking. This does not apply if the melee is a passing melee, where the defending infantry unit uses the Bow armed cavalry following Anti-Chariot tactic. These bow armed cavalry units may always choose to evade an attacker. If they do become involved in a melee they will count as sword armed only unless equipped with another Anti-Chariot tactics weapon. They may only engage an enemy unit at short range, i.e. 75mm or less. M1 and M2 class units may open ranks to allow the attacking chariot unit to pass through, only if the chariot unit mas moved at least 25mm into contact. This tactic must be declared Two handed cutting weapons (2HCW) immediately the chariot charge is stated. If the infantry unit opens its ranks, the chariots must Add the following factors to the two handed cutting weapon section on the melee table on the attempt to make a full charge move, a passing melee is fought as the chariots pass through the combat charts: infantry unit. The infantry unit will count only half its present fighting factor in a passing melee calculation, and will be considered as being unformed during that move, but not in the Present fighting Cavalry Infantry Elephant Chariots factor following move. 801+ 65 90 60 65 M3 units must, and M1 / M2 units may choose to meet chariots as in a normal melee. 601 – 800 60 80 50 55 401 – 600 50 60 30 35 201 – 400 30 55 20 25 Less than 201 20 40 15 20 Note: Certain units such as the Viking Berserks have been classed as armed with 2HCW for factor purposes and is not necessarily historically accurate.

Crossbows For purposes of the issile tale lass rossos as Bo fire at uder 75 rage ut at all rages. Crosso ared uits a ol fire at the ed of the fire oe due to the legth loading time.

Maximum range will be 200mm.

Add 10 factors when crossbows are engaging armoured cavalry targets.

Halberds Class these eapos as Pikes ut dedut 20 fators he egaged ilitar uits.

Rockets Class as artillery (War engines) with a maximum range of 500mm.

A unit taking casualties from rocket fire will immediately take a morale test as will all mounted units along the line of flight of the rockets.

Units taking casualties will be classed as under missile fire and unformed during that move. Units along the line of flight will be classed as unformed for that move.

Poleaxe and mace armed units Class these weapons as 2HCWs.

johnny okane (order #7172889) literature flowered as well, and Indian science, astronomy, medicine, and mathematics made Indian significant advances. During the period 2000–500 BCE, many regions of the subcontinent transitioned from the

Chalcolithic to the Iron Age. The Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, were composed during this period, and historians have analysed these to posit a Vedic culture in the Punjab region and the upper Gangetic Plain. Most historians also consider this period to have encompassed several waves of Indo-Aryan migration into the subcontinent from the northwest. The caste system, which created a hierarchy of priests, warriors, and free peasants, but which excluded indigenous peoples by labelling their occupations impure, arose during this

period. On the Deccan Plateau, archaeological evidence from this period suggests the Elephants existence of a chiefdom stage of political organisation. In southern India, a progression to sedentary life is indicated by the large number of megalithic monuments dating from this CA Cavalry CO Cavalry period, as well as by nearby traces of agriculture, irrigation tanks, and craft traditions. Light Cavalry Light Cavalry O Infantry In the late Vedic period, around the 5th century BCE, the small chiefdoms of the Ganges Plain

and the north-western regions had consolidated into 16 major oligarchies and monarchies that were known as the mahajanapadas. The emerging urbanisation and the orthodoxies of this age also created the religious reform movements of Buddhism and Jainism, both of which became independent religions. Buddhism, based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha attracted followers from all social classes excepting the middle class; chronicling the life of the Buddha was central to the beginnings of recorded history in India. Jainism came into prominence around the same time during the life of its exemplar, Mahavira. In an age of increasing urban wealth, both religions held up renunciation as an ideal, and both established long-lasting monasteries. Politically, by the 3rd century BCE, the kingdom of Magadha had annexed or reduced other states to emerge as the Mauryan Empire. The empire was once thought to have controlled most of the subcontinent excepting the far south, but its core regions are now thought to have been separated by large autonomous areas. The Mauryan kings are known as much for their empire-building and determined management of public life as for Ashoka's renunciation of militarism and far-flung advocacy of the Buddhist dhamma.

The Sangam literature of the Tamil language reveals that, between 200 BCE and 200 CE, the southern peninsula was being ruled by the Cheras, the Cholas, and the Pandyas, dynasties that traded extensively with the Roman Empire and with West and South-East Asia. In North India, Hinduism asserted patriarchal control within the family, leading to increased subordination of women. By the 4th and 5th centuries, the Gupta Empire had created in the greater Ganges Plain a complex system of administration and taxation that became a model for later Indian kingdoms. Under the Guptas, a renewed Hinduism based on devotion rather than the management of ritual began to assert itself. The renewal was reflected in a flowering of sculpture and architecture, which found patrons among an urban elite. Classical Sanskrit

johnny okane (order #7172889) Indian 1 Indian 1 Chariot 3 150 Javelin / 2HCW Javelin M3 CO 1057 M2 CO 567 M2 301 Indian 2 140 Javelin / 2HCW Indian 2 Chariot 4 CO 1057 M2 Javelin M3 CO Indian 3 567 M2 301 130 Javelin / 2HCW CO 1057 M2 Indian 3 Irregular 1 Javelin Javelin 120 Indian 4 CO 567 M2 OO 420 M3 Javelin / 2HCW CO 1057 M2 Indian 4 Irregular 1 110 Indian 5 Javelin Javelin Javelin / 2HCW CO 567 M2 OO 420 M3 CO 1057 M2 100 Indian 5 Scythian 1 Indian 6 Javelin Bow Javelin / 2HCW CO 567 M2 OO 400 M3 CO 1057 M2 90 Indian 7 Indian 6 Scythian 1 Javelin / 2HCW Javelin Bow 80 CO 1057 M2 CO 567 M2 OO 400 M3 Indian 8 Javelin / 2HCW Indian 1 70 Javelin R RC PB CO 1057 M2 AC 597 M2 Indian 9 60 Bow / 2HCW Indian 2 R RC PB CO 1007 M2 Javelin Indian 10 AC 597 M2 50 Bow / 2HCW Elephant 1 R RC PB CO 1007 M2 Indian 11 300 M1 40 Bow / 2HCW Elephant 2 R RC PB CO 1007 M2 Indian 12 300 M1 30 Bow / 2HCW Elephant 1 R RC PB CO 1007 M2 20 Indian 13 300 M3 Bow / 2HCW Elephant 2 R RC PB CO 1007 M2 10 Indian 14 300 M3 Bow / 2HCW R RC PB CO 1007 M2 Chariot 1 M3 Indian 15 301 Bow / 2HCW R RC PB CO 1007 M2 Chariot 2 Indian 16 M3 C in C Bow / 2HCW 301 CO 1007 M2 Irregular 1 Irregular 3 OO Javelin / 2HCW 401 M3 OO Javelin / 2HCW 401 M3 Irregular 2 OO Javelin / 2HCW 401 M3

johnny okane (order #7172889) the force. He also lengthened the spear and shrank the shield of the main infantry force, Macedonian increasing its offensive capabilities. Prior to the 4th century BC, the kingdom covered a region approximately corresponding to the Philip began to rapidly expand the borders of his kingdom. He first campaigned in the north Western and Central parts of province of Macedonia in modern Greece. A unified Macedonian against non-Greek peoples such as the Illyrians, securing his northern border and gaining much state was eventually established by King Amyntas III (c. 393–370 BC), though it still retained prestige as a warrior. He next turned east, to the territory along the northern shore of the strong contrasts between the cattle-rich coastal plain and the fierce isolated tribal hinterland, Aegean. The most important city in this area was Amphipolis, which controlled the way into allied to the king by marriage ties. They controlled the passes through which barbarian Thrace and also was near valuable silver mines. This region had been part of the Athenian invasions came from Illyria to the north and northwest. It became increasingly Atticised during Empire, and Athens still considered it as in their sphere. The Athenians attempted to curb the this period, though prominent Athenians appear to have regarded the Macedonians as growing power of Macedonia, but were limited by the outbreak of the Social War. They could uncouth. Before the establishment of the League of Corinth, even though the Macedonians also do little to halt Philip when he turned his armies south and took over most of Thessaly. apparently spoke a dialect of the Greek language and claimed proudly that they were Greeks, they were not considered to share fully the classical Greek culture by many of the inhabitants Control of Thessaly meant Philip was now closely involved in the politics of central Greece. 356 of the southern city states, because they did not share the polis based style of government. BCE saw the outbreak of the Third Sacred War that pitted Phocis against Thebes and its allies. Thebes recruited the Macedonians to join them and at the Battle of Crocus Field Philip Over the 4th century Macedon became more politically involved with the south-central city- decisively defeated Phocis and its Athenian allies. As a result Macedonia became the leading states of Ancient Greece, but it also retained more archaic features like the palace-culture, first state in the Amphictyonic League and Philip became head of the Pythian Games, firmly putting at Aegae (modern Vergina) then at Pella, resembling Mycenaean culture more than classic the Macedonian leader at the centre of the Greek political world. Hellenic city-states, and other archaic customs, like Philip's multiple wives in addition to his Epirote queen Olympias, mother of Alexander. In the continuing conflict with Athens Philip marched east through Thrace in an attempt to capture Byzantium and the Bosphorus, thus cutting off the Black Sea grain supply that Another archaic remnant was the very persistence of a hereditary monarchy which wielded provided Athens with much of its food. The siege of Byzantium failed, but Athens realized the formidable – sometimes absolute – power, although this was at times checked by the landed grave danger the rise of Macedon presented and under Demosthenes built a coalition of many aristocracy, and often disturbed by power struggles within the royal family itself. This of the major states to oppose the Macedonians. Most importantly Thebes, which had the contrasted sharply with the Greek cultures further south, where the ubiquitous city-states strongest ground force of any of the city states, joined the effort. The allies met the mostly possessed aristocratic or democratic institutions; the de facto monarchy of tyrants, in Macedonians at the Battle of Chaeronea and were decisively defeated, leaving Philip and the which heredity was usually more of an ambition rather than the accepted rule; and the limited, Macedonians the unquestioned masters of Greece. predominantly military and sacerdotal, power of the twin hereditary Spartan kings. The same might have held true of feudal institutions like serfdom, which may have persisted in Macedon Philip's son, Alexander the Great (356–323 BC), managed briefly to extend Macedonian power well into historical times. Such institutions were abolished by city-states well before not only over the central Greek city-states by becoming Hegemon of the League of Corinth Macedon's rise (most notably by the Athenian legislator Solo's faous σεισάχθεια (also known as the "Hellenic League"), but also to the Persian empire, including Egypt and seisachtheia laws). lands as far east as the fringes of India. Alexander's adoption of the styles of government of the conquered territories was accompanied by the spread of Greek culture and learning Amyntas had three sons; the first two, Alexander II and Perdiccas III reigned only briefly. through his vast empire. Although the empire fractured into multiple Hellenic regimes shortly Perdiccas III's infant heir was deposed by Amyntas' third son, Philip II of Macedon, who made after his death, his conquests left a lasting legacy, not least in the new Greek-speaking cities himself king and ushered in a period of Macedonian dominance in Greece. Under Philip II, founded across Persia's western territories, heralding the Hellenistic period. In the partition of (359–336 BC), Macedon expanded into the territory of the Paeonians, Thracians, and Illyrians. Alexander's empire among the Diadochi, Macedonia fell to the Antipatrid dynasty, which was Among other conquests, he annexed the regions of Pelagonia and Southern Paeonia. overthrown by the Antigonid dynasty after only a few years, in 294 BC. Philip redesigned the army of Macedon adding a number of variations to the traditional hoplite force to make it far more effective. He added the hetairoi, a well armoured heavy cavalry, and more light infantry, both of which added greater flexibility and responsiveness to johnny okane (order #7172889) XXXXXXXXX Light Infantry Greek Hoplites 1 Hypaspists 1 Phalangites 1 LTS XXXXXXXXX LTS CO 1067 M2 Phalanx O 1146 M1 CO M2 Companion Cavalry Greek Hoplites 2 Phalanx XXXXXXXXX Hypaspists 2 1092 LTS LTS CO 1067 M2 Light Cavalry O or CO Infantry O or CO Infantry O 1146 M1 Phalanx Phalangites 2 Thracian 1 150 Hypaspists 3 Kontos Greek Infantry OO Light Cavalry LTS CO M2 489 M3 O 1146 M1 140 1092 Thracian 2 Hypaspists 4 Kontos OO LTS Phalangites 3 489 M3 130 O 1146 M1 CO M2 Thessalian 1 Greek Peltasts 1 120 OO Javelin / LTS 1092 484 M2 O 1057 M2 Thessalian 1 110 Greek Peltasts 2 Phalangites 4 Javelin / LTS OO 484 M2 O 1057 M2 CO M2 100

Thracian Peltasts 1 1092 R RC PB Javelin / 2HCW 90 O 970 M3 Phalangites 5 R RC PB Thracian Peltasts 2 CO M2 80 Javelin / 2HCW O 970 M3 1092 R RC PB 70 Thracian Peltasts 3 Phalangites 6 Javelin / 2HCW O 970 M3 R RC PB CO M2 60 Agrianian Javelin 1 OO 296 M2 1092 R RC PB 50 Agrianian Javelin 2 Companion 1 OO 296 M2 CO 603 M1 R RC PB 40 Agrianian Javelin 3 OO 296 M2 Companion 2 R RC PB 30 Agrianian Javelin 4 CO OO 296 M2 603 M1 Cretian Bow 1 Greek 1 R RC PB 20 OO 290 M2 CO 522 M2 Cretian Bow 2 10 OO 290 M2 Greek 2 R RC PB

Rhodian Sling 1 CO 522 M2 OO 296 M2 R RC PB Rhodian Sling 2 C in C OO 296 M2

johnny okane (order #7172889) Persian During the second millennium BC, Proto-Iranian tribes arrived in Iran from the Eurasian

steppes, rivalling the native settlers of the country.

As these tribes dispersed into the wider area of Greater Iran and beyond, the boundaries of Chariots modern Iran were dominated by the Persian, Parthian and Median tribes, soon after Zoroastrianism emerged as the main religion of the Iranian tribes. Light Cavalry CO Cavalry O Infantry CO Cavalry Light Cavalry

The unification of the Median tribes under a single ruler in 728 BC led to the creation of a Greek Infantry Median empire, which by 612 BC controlled the whole of Iran as well as eastern Anatolia.

In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great from the state of Anshan took over the Median Empire, and Persian Infantry founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media happened as a result of what is called the Persian revolt, which was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and quickly spread to other provinces, as they allied with the Persians.

Later conquests under Cyrus and his successors expanded the empire to include Lydia, Babylon, Egypt and the lands to the west of the Indus and Oxus Rivers. Conflict on the western borders began with the famous Greco-Persian Wars which continued through the first half of the 5th century BC and ended with the Persian withdrawal from all of their European territories. The empire had a centralised, bureaucratic administration under the Emperor and a large professional army and civil services, inspiring similar developments in later empires.

In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid Emperor Darius III at the Battle of Issus in 333 BC. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, Parthia rose to become the main power in Iran and continued as a feudal monarchy for nearly five centuries until 224 AD, when it was succeeded by the Sassanid Empire. The Sassanids established an empire roughly within the frontiers achieved by the Achaemenids, with the capital at Ctesiphon. Most of the period of the Parthian and Sassanid Empires were overshadowed by the Roman-Persian Wars, which raged on their western borders for over 700 years. These wars exhausted both Romans and Sassanids, which arguably led to the defeat of both at the hands of the invading Muslim Arabs.

johnny okane (order #7172889) Greek Peltasts 1 Persian 1 Persian 13 150 Javelin / LTS Bow RC RC O 1057 M2 AC 512 M3 OO 441 M3 140 Greek Peltasts 2 Persian 2 Persian 14 RC RC Javelin / LTS Bow O 1057 M2 AC 512 M3 OO 441 M3 130 R R Greek Peltasts 3 Persian 3 Persian 15 Javelin / LTS Bow 120 O 1057 M2 AC 512 M3 OO 441 M3 R R Cardace 1 Persian 4 Persian 16 110 STS Bow O 970 M3 AC 512 M3 OO 441 M3 PB PB 100 Cardace 2 Persian 5 Scythian 1 STS Bow AC OO PB PB O 970 M3 512 M3 411 M3 90

Cardace 3 Persian 6 Scythian 2 STS Bow 80 O 970 M3 AC 512 M3 OO 411 M3

Irregular 1 Persian Bow 1 Persian 7 70 Bow OO 400 M3 O 856 M3 CO 489 M3 Persian Bow 2 OO 400 M3 60 Irregular 2 Persian 8 Bow Persian Bow 3 O 856 M3 CO 489 M3 OO 400 M3 50 Persian Bow 4 Irregular 3 Persian 9 OO 400 M3 Bow Persian Sling 1 O 856 M3 CO 489 M3 40 OO 400 M3 Irregular 4 Persian 10 Persian Sling 2 Javelin OO 400 M3 30 CO O 896 M3 489 M3 Greek Hoplites 1 LTS Irregular 5 20 Persian 11 CO 1067 M2 Javelin O 896 M3 CO 489 M3 Greek Hoplites 2 LTS 10 Irregular 6 Persian 12 CO 1067 M2 Javelin Greek Hoplites 3 O 896 M3 CO 489 M3 LTS CO 1067 M2 Chariot 1 Chariot 2

M3 M3 Elephant C in C 201 201 201 M3

johnny okane (order #7172889) Arsaces invaded the Parthian territory around 238 BC to form the Arsacid Dynasty — the Seleucid Empire starting point of the powerful Parthian Empire. The Seleucid Empire (pron.: /sɨˈluːsɪd/; fro Greek: Σεεύεια, Seleύkeia) as a Greek- By the time Antiochus II's son Seleucus II Callinicus came to the throne around 246 BC, the Macedonian Hellenistic state ruled by the Seleucid dynasty founded by Seleucus I Nicator Seleucids seemed to be at a low ebb indeed. Seleucus II was soon dramatically defeated in the following the carve-up of the empire created by Alexander the Great following his death. Third Syrian War against Ptolemy III of Egypt and then had to fight a civil war against his own Seleucus received Babylonia and, from there, expanded his dominions to include much of brother Antiochus Hierax. Taking advantage of this distraction, Bactria and Parthia seceded Alexander's near eastern territories. At the height of its power, it included central Anatolia, the from the empire. In Asia Minor too, the Seleucid dynasty seemed to be losing control — Gauls Levant, Mesopotamia, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Pamir and present-day Pakistan. had fully established themselves in Galatia, semi-independent semi-Hellenized kingdoms had Following his and Lysimachus' victory over Antigonus Monophthalmus at the decisive Battle of sprung up in Bithynia, Pontus, and Cappadocia, and the city of Pergamum in the west was Ipsus in 301 BC, Seleucus took control over eastern Anatolia and northern Syria. asserting its independence under the Attalid Dynasty

In the latter area, he founded a new capital at Antioch on the Orontes, a city he named after The Seleucid Empire was a major center of Hellenistic culture that maintained the his father. An alternative capital was established at Seleucia on the Tigris, north of Babylon. preeminence of Greek customs and where a Greek-Macedonian political elite dominated, Seleucus' empire reached its greatest extent following his defeat of his erstwhile ally, mostly in the urban areas. The Greek population of the cities who formed the dominant elite Lysimachus, at Corupedion in 281 BC, after which Seleucus expanded his control to encompass were reinforced by emigration from Greece. Seleucid expansion into Anatolia and Greece was western Anatolia. He hoped further to take control of Lysimachus' lands in Europe – primarily abruptly halted after decisive defeats at the hands of the Roman army. Their attempts to Thrace and even Macedonia itself, but was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus on landing in defeat their old enemy Ptolemaic Egypt were frustrated by Roman demands. Much of the Europe. eastern part of the empire was conquered by the Parthians under Mithridates I of Parthia in the mid-2nd century BC, yet the Seleucid kings continued to rule a rump state from Syria until His son and successor, Antiochus I Soter, was left with an enormous realm consisting of nearly the invasion by Armenian king Tigranes the Great and their ultimate overthrow by the Roman all of the Asian portions of the Empire, but faced with Antigonus II Gonatas in Macedonia and general Pompey. Ptolemy II Philadelphus in Egypt, he proved unable to pick up where his father had left off in conquering the European portions of Alexander's empire.

Antiochus I (reigned 281–261 BC) and his son and successor Antiochus II Theos (reigned 261– 246 BC) were faced with challenges in the west, including repeated wars with Ptolemy II and a Celtic invasion of Asia Minor — distracting attention from holding the eastern portions of the Empire together. Towards the end of Antiochus II's reign, various provinces simultaneously asserted their independence, such as Bactria under Diodotus, Parthia under Arsaces, and Cappadocia under Ariarathes III.

Diodotus, governor for the Bactrian territory, asserted independence in around 245 BC, although the exact date is far from certain, to form the Greco-Bactrian kingdom. This kingdom was characterized by a rich Hellenistic culture, and was to continue its domination of Bactria until around 125 BC, when it was overrun by the invasion of northern nomads. One of the Greco-Bactrian kings, Demetrius I of Bactria, invaded India around 180 BC to form the Greco- Indian kingdom, lasting until around AD 20.

The Seleucid satrap of Parthia, named Andragoras, first claimed independence, in a parallel to the secession of his Bactrian neighbour. Soon after however, a Parthian tribal chief called johnny okane (order #7172889) 1 M2 1 M3 1 M3 Argyraspid Pike Asiatic Bow Galatian Javelin 1020 CO 775 OO 366 2 M2 2 M3 CO Argyraspid Pike Asiatic Bow 2 1020 CO 775 OO M3 Galatian Javelin 3 M2 3 M3 Argyraspid Pike Asiatic Bow 366 CO 1020 CO 775 OO Companions 1 M2 4 M2 4 M3 M1 Argyraspid Pike Asiatic Bow 585 Javelin Phalanx 1020 CO 775 OO CO Pike 1 5 M2 1 M2 1090 CO Argyraspid Pike Cretan Bow A/Cavalry M2 1020 CO 252 OO 560 Kontos 2 M2 CO 6 M2 2 M2 Phalanx Argyraspid Pike Cretan Bow 2 A/Cavalry 1020 CO 252 OO M2 Pike 560 Kontos 1090 CO 1 M2 1 CO M3 Galatian Javelin Selucid Javelin 3 M2 597 O 1 A/Cavalry M2 265 OO Phalanx 2 M2 540 Kontos CO Galatian Javelin 2 Pike 597 O M3 2 1090 CO Selucid Javelin A/Cavalry M2 1 M2 4 M2 Roman Argyraspid HTS 265 OO 540 Kontos CO 1010 CO Phalanx 1 Arab 1 M2 M3 Pike Roman Argyraspid HTS Dahae Bow M3 1090 CO 1010 CO 235 Javelin 265 OO CO 1 M3 Thracians 2HCW & Javelin 2 Arab M2 M3 M3 Engine Dahae Bow 775 O Bow 265 347 200 OO 2 M3 OO OO Thracians 2HCW & Javelin Successor M2 Bow / Javelin 1 M3 775 O Javelin Elephant 3 M3 335 1 M2 Thracians 2HCW & Javelin OO 410 O 2 M3 350 775 O Peltast Javelin & LTS 2 M3 Bow / Javelin 1 M3 Peltast Javelin & LTS 772 O Elephant 2 M2 3 M3 410 O 772 O Peltast Javelin & LTS 350 C in C 772 O johnny okane (order #7172889) Appendix 1 – Army Cards on Letter size

Indian

Indian 1 Indian 1 Chariot 3 150 Javelin / 2HCW Javelin M3 CO 1057 M2 CO 567 M2 301 Indian 2 140 Javelin / 2HCW Indian 2 Chariot 4 CO 1057 M2 Javelin M3 CO Indian 3 567 M2 301 130 Javelin / 2HCW CO 1057 M2 Indian 3 Irregular 1 Javelin Javelin 120 Indian 4 CO 567 M2 OO 420 M3 Javelin / 2HCW CO 1057 M2 Indian 4 Irregular 1 110 Indian 5 Javelin Javelin Javelin / 2HCW CO 567 M2 OO 420 M3 CO 1057 M2 100 Indian 5 Scythian 1 Indian 6 Javelin Bow Javelin / 2HCW CO 567 M2 OO 400 M3 CO 1057 M2 90 Indian 7 Indian 6 Scythian 1 Javelin / 2HCW Javelin Bow 80 CO 1057 M2 CO 567 M2 OO 400 M3 Indian 8 Javelin / 2HCW Indian 1 70 Javelin R RC PB CO 1057 M2 AC 597 M2 Indian 9 60 Bow / 2HCW Indian 2 R RC PB CO 1007 M2 Javelin Indian 10 AC 597 M2 50 Bow / 2HCW Elephant 1 R RC PB CO 1007 M2 Indian 11 300 M1 40 Bow / 2HCW Elephant 2 R RC PB CO 1007 M2 Indian 12 300 M1 30 Bow / 2HCW Elephant 1 R RC PB CO 1007 M2 20 Indian 13 300 M3 Bow / 2HCW Elephant 2 R RC PB CO 1007 M2 10 Indian 14 300 M3 Bow / 2HCW R RC PB CO 1007 M2 Chariot 1 M3 Indian 15 301 Bow / 2HCW R RC PB CO 1007 M2 Chariot 2 Indian 16 M3 C in C Bow / 2HCW 301 CO 1007 M2 Irregular 1 Irregular 3 OO Javelin / 2HCW 401 M3 OO Javelin / 2HCW 401 M3 Irregular 2 OO Javelin / 2HCW 401 M3

johnny okane (order #7172889) Macedonian

Greek Hoplites 1 Hypaspists 1 Phalangites 1 LTS LTS CO 1067 M2 O 1146 M1 CO M2 Greek Hoplites 2 Hypaspists 2 1092 LTS LTS CO 1067 M2 O 1146 M1 Phalangites 2 Thracian 1 150 Hypaspists 3 Kontos LTS CO M2 OO 489 M3 O 1146 M1 140 1092 Thracian 2 Hypaspists 4 Kontos OO LTS Phalangites 3 489 M3 130 O 1146 M1 CO M2 Thessalian 1 Greek Peltasts 1 120 OO Javelin / LTS 1092 484 M2 O 1057 M2 Thessalian 1 110 Greek Peltasts 2 Phalangites 4 Javelin / LTS OO 484 M2 O 1057 M2 CO M2 100

Rhodian Sling 1 CO 522 M2 OO 296 M2 R RC PB Rhodian Sling 2 C in C OO 296 M2

johnny okane (order #7172889) Persian

Greek Peltasts 1 Persian 1 Persian 13 150 Javelin / LTS Bow RC RC O 1057 M2 AC 512 M3 OO 441 M3 140 Greek Peltasts 2 Persian 2 Persian 14 RC RC Javelin / LTS Bow O 1057 M2 AC 512 M3 OO 441 M3 130 R R Greek Peltasts 3 Persian 3 Persian 15 Javelin / LTS Bow 120 O 1057 M2 AC 512 M3 OO 441 M3 R R Cardace 1 Persian 4 Persian 16 110 STS Bow O 970 M3 AC 512 M3 OO 441 M3 PB PB 100 Cardace 2 Persian 5 Scythian 1 STS Bow AC OO PB PB O 970 M3 512 M3 411 M3 90

Cardace 3 Persian 6 Scythian 2 STS Bow 80 O 970 M3 AC 512 M3 OO 411 M3

M3 M3 Elephant C in C 201 201 201 M3

johnny okane (order #7172889) Seleucid Empire

1 M2 1 M3 1 M3 Argyraspid Pike Asiatic Bow Galatian Javelin 1020 CO 775 OO 366 2 M2 2 M3 CO Argyraspid Pike Asiatic Bow 2 1020 CO 775 OO M3 Galatian Javelin 3 M2 3 M3 Argyraspid Pike Asiatic Bow 366 CO 1020 CO 775 OO Companions 1 M2 4 M2 4 M3 M1 Argyraspid Pike Asiatic Bow 585 Javelin Phalanx 1020 CO 775 OO CO Pike 1 5 M2 1 M2 1090 CO Argyraspid Pike Cretan Bow A/Cavalry M2 1020 CO 252 OO 560 Kontos 2 M2 CO 6 M2 2 M2 Phalanx Argyraspid Pike Cretan Bow 2 A/Cavalry 1020 CO 252 OO M2 Pike 560 Kontos 1090 CO 1 M2 1 CO M3 Galatian Javelin 3 M2 Selucid Javelin 1 597 O A/Cavalry M2 265 OO Phalanx 2 M2 540 Kontos CO Galatian Javelin 2 Pike 597 O M3 2 1090 CO Selucid Javelin A/Cavalry M2 1 M2 4 M2 Roman Argyraspid HTS 265 OO 540 Kontos CO 1010 CO Phalanx 1 Arab 1 M2 M3 Pike Roman Argyraspid HTS Dahae Bow M3 1090 CO 1010 CO 235 Javelin 265 OO CO 1 M3 Thracians 2HCW & Javelin 2 Arab M2 M3 M3 Engine Dahae Bow 775 O Bow 265 347 200 OO 2 M3 OO OO Thracians 2HCW & Javelin Successor M2 Bow / Javelin 1 M3 775 O Javelin Elephant 3 M3 335 1 M2 Thracians 2HCW & Javelin OO 410 O 2 M3 350 775 O Peltast Javelin & LTS 2 M3 Bow / Javelin 1 M3 Peltast Javelin & LTS 772 O Elephant 2 M2 3 M3 410 O 772 O Peltast Javelin & LTS 350 C in C 772 O

johnny okane (order #7172889)

johnny okane (order #7172889) Introduction to the Hurlbat Publishing Edition

Weloe to the Hurlat Pulishig editio of Miro Warfare Series: Miro Aiet Epasio III – Eeies of ‘oe

An expansion to the popular Micro Ancient game, this title introduces three additional belligerents to enhance play: Britons, Gallic and Goth. The section for each army includes counters for use in the game; applicable rule amendments as well as some brief information about the country at the time (source: Wikipedia)

PLEASE NOTE: You must have a copy of Micro Warfare: Micro Ancients to make use of this title.

Happy gaming!

Kris & Dave Hurlbat February 2013

Contents: Amendments to basic rules

Britons

Gallic

Goth

Tip - For est results when printing ounters, please set your Page “aling option to None.

johnny okane (order #7172889) Amendments to basic rules

Chariots Example of a passing melee: Bow armed chariot units may only engage targets at short range, i.e. 75mm or less. Chariots are classed as an Open Order target for missiles.

Chariot units may charge across the front of enemy units engaging them with missile fire. This 40mm is achieved by the unit charging towards the enemy then turning 90°, which costs 20mm of movement, just before contact is made, and continuing the harge alog the ees frot. Infantry Infantry

Chariots moving this way may not be engaged in melee by infantry units. 80mm

Chariot Melees Position of chariot Add the following factors to the melee table on the combat charts: unit at the end of the move after fighting a Present fighting Cavalry Infantry Elephant Chariots passing melee with factor Chariot unit declares infantry. 301+ 66 78 / 32* 30 78 charge. Infantry unit 151 – 300 46 58 / 25* 20 58 Less than 151 18 32 / 15* 12 32 declares anti-chariot *Normal melee / passing melee tactic.

johnny okane (order #7172889) Kontos armed cavalry Multi-weaponed units These will lose their kontos weapon after the contact round. Once the kontos has been lost Units armed with more than one stated weapon may choose which weapon they will use prior the cavalry will count as being sword armed only. to engaging in melee. If the unit changes weapons during that melee then it will have a -10 factor in that melee round. Pike armed infantry Add the factors below to the melee table on the combat charts: Seleucid elephant units These counters represent the basic elephant unit and also its escorting light infantry. The Present fighting Cavalry Infantry Elephant Chariots combined units are armed with javelin and slings, and when using missile fire halve the uits factor present fighting factor for each type of weapon. When engaged in a melee use the uits full 1001+ 120 125 115 125 present fighting factor. 801 – 1000 100 105 95 105 601 800 80 85 75 85 – Cantabrian Circles 401 – 600 60 65 55 65 These were formed by missile armed light cavalry, they were a loose circular formation with a 201 – 400 40 45 35 45 Less than 201 20 25 18 25 hollow centre, thus enabling a unit to bring all its weapons to bear upon the enemy in a very Pikes hit in the flank are not only unformed, but only half their present fighting factor may short time, whilst moving at a fast rate, making it harder to hit. The hollow formation allowed fight to the front instead of the usual full factor. The usual quarter of the present fighting the unit to evade at a fast rate if attacked. factor may still fight to the engaged flank. 1. To Form, or to break up, a Cantabrian Circle, deduct 10mm from the forward Crossbows movement, and place one of the circles provided under the unit counter to show the For purposes of the issile tale lass rossos as Bo fire at uder 75 rage ut at all new formation. Once formed, no movement from the spot is allowed, except as in 4 rages. Crosso ared uits a ol fire at the ed of the fire oe due to the lengthy below. loading time. 2. When firing from a Cantabrian Circle, increase the fire factor by 10. When firing at a unit in a Cantabrian Circle, count that unit as a moving target. Firing may be done Maximum range will be 200mm. from any part of the circular marker. 3. If charged, a Cantabrian Circle must evade a full move, as in the basic rules, and it will Add 10 factors when crossbows are engaging armoured cavalry targets. no longer be classed as a Cantabrian Circle. (NOTE: There is no penalty, in this case, for the breaking up of the Circle). Halberds 4. The Circle may retreat up to 100mm, in front of an advancing enemy in the enemy's Class these eapos as Pikes ut dedut 20 fators he egaged ilitar uits. move turn, without affecting its movement. If contacted, whilst in a Circle, a unit will Rockets count as being unformed, and will only be able to melee with half its present fighting Class as artillery (War engines) with a maximum range of 500mm. factor.

A unit taking casualties from rocket fire will immediately take a morale test as will all mounted units along the line of flight of the rockets.

Units taking casualties will be classed as under missile fire and unformed during that move. Units along the line of flight will be classed as unformed for that move.

Poleaxe and mace armed units Class these weapons as 2HCWs.

johnny okane (order #7172889) successfully invaded in 43, it was in aid of another fugitive British ruler, this time Verica of the Britons Atrebates. Britain was not unknown to the Classical world. As early as the 4th century BC, the Greeks, The invasion force in 43 was led by Aulus Plautius. It is not known how many Roman legions Phoenicians and Carthaginians traded for Cornish tin. The Greeks refer to the Cassiterides, or were sent; only one legion, the II Augusta, commanded by the future emperor Vespasian, is "tin islands", and describe them as being situated somewhere near the west coast of Europe. directly attested to have taken part. The IX Hispana, the XIV Gemina (later styled Martia The Carthaginian sailor Himilco is said to have visited the island in the 5th century BC and the Victrix) and the XX (later styled Valeria Victrix) are attested in 60/61 during the Boudican Greek explorer Pytheas in the 4th. But it was regarded as a place of mystery, with some writers Revolt, and are likely to have been there since the initial invasion. However, the Roman Army even refusing to believe it existed at all. was flexible, with units being used and moved whenever necessary, so this is not certain. Only The first direct Roman contact came when the Roman general and future dictator, Julius the Legio IX Hispana is likely to have stayed there, as it is attested to being in residence at Caesar, made two expeditions to Britain in 55 and 54 BC as an offshoot of his conquest of Gaul, Eburacum (York) in 71 and on a building inscription there dated 108, before its eventual believing the Britons had been helping the Gallic resistance. The first expedition, more a destruction fighting in the East, likely during the Bar Kochba Revolt. reconnaissance than a full invasion, gained a foothold on the coast of Kent but, undermined by The invasion was delayed by a mutiny of the troops, who were eventually persuaded by an storm damage to the ships and a lack of cavalry, was unable to advance further. The imperial freedman to overcome their fear of crossing the Ocean and campaigning beyond the expedition was a military failure, but was at least a political success. The Roman Senate limits of the known world. They sailed in three divisions, and probably landed at Richborough declared a 20-day public holiday in Rome in honour of the unprecedented achievement of in Kent, although some suggest that at least part of the invasion force landed on the south obtaining hostages from Britain and defeating Belgian tribes on returning to the continent. coast, in the Fishbourne area of West Sussex. In his second invasion, Caesar took with him a substantially larger force and proceeded to The Romans defeated the Catuvellauni and their allies in two battles: the first, assuming a coerce or invite many of the native Celtic tribes to pay tribute and give hostages in return for Richborough landing, on the river Medway, the second on the Thames. One of the peace. A friendly local king, Mandubracius, was installed, and his rival, Cassivellaunus, was Catuvellaunian leaders, Togodumnus, was killed, but his brother Caratacus survived to brought to terms. Hostages were taken, but historians disagree over whether the tribute continue resistance elsewhere. Plautius halted at the Thames and sent for Claudius, who agreed was paid by the Britons after Caesar's return to Gaul with his forces. arrived with reinforcements, including artillery and elephants, for the final march to the Caesar had conquered no territory and had left behind no troops, but had established clients Catuvellaunian capital, Camulodunum (Colchester). The future emperor Vespasian subdued on the island and had brought Britain into Rome's sphere of political influence. Augustus the southwest, Cogidubnus was set up as a friendly king of several territories, and treaties planned invasions in 34, 27 and 25 BC, but circumstances were never favourable, and the were made with tribes outside the area under direct Roman control. relationship between Britain and Rome settled into one of diplomacy and trade. Strabo,

writing late in Augustus's reign, claims that taxes on trade brought in more annual revenue than any conquest could. Likewise, archaeology shows an increase in imported luxury goods in south-eastern Britain. Strabo also mentions British kings who sent embassies to Augustus and Chariots Augustus' own Res Gestae refers to two British kings he received as refugees. When some of Tiberius's ships were carried to Britain in a storm during his campaigns in Germany in 16 AD, they were sent back by local rulers, telling tall tales of monsters. Light Infantry

Rome appears to have encouraged a balance of power in southern Britain, supporting two Light Cavalry Light Cavalry powerful kingdoms: the Catuvellauni, ruled by the descendants of Tasciovanus, and the O Infantry Atrebates, ruled by the descendants of Commius. This policy was followed until 39 or 40, when Caligula received an exiled member of the Catuvellaunian dynasty and staged an invasion of Britain that collapsed in farcical circumstances before it had even left Gaul. When Claudius johnny okane (order #7172889) Warband 1 Warband 11 Chariot 1 Javelin Javelin M1 O 870 M3 O 870 M3 310

Warband 2 Warband 12 Chariot 2 Javelin Javelin M1 O 870 M3 O 870 M3 310

Warband 3 Warband 13 Chariot 3 Javelin Javelin M1 O 870 M3 O 870 M3 310

Warband 4 Warband 14 Chariot 4 Javelin Javelin M1 O 870 M3 O 870 M3 310

Warband 5 Warband 15 Chariot 5 Javelin Javelin M1 O 870 M3 O 870 M3 310

Warband 6 Warband 16 Chariot 6 Javelin Javelin M1 O 870 M3 O 870 M3 310

Warband 7 Warband 17 Chariot 7 Javelin Javelin M1 O 870 M3 O 870 M3 310

Warband 8 Warband 18 Chariot 8 Javelin Javelin M1 O 870 M3 O 870 M3 310

Warband 9 Warband 19 Chariot 9 Javelin Javelin M1 O 870 M3 O 870 M3 310

Warband 10 Warband 20 Chariot 10 Javelin Javelin M1 O 870 M3 O 870 M3 310

Sling 1 Sling 3 OO 306 M3 OO 306 M3 Sling 2 Sling 4 C in C OO 306 M3 OO 306 M3 Javelin 1 Javelin 2 OO 401 M3 OO 401 M3

Cavalry 1 Cavalry 3

OO 420 M3 OO 420 M3

Cavalry 2 Cavalry 4

OO 420 M3 OO 420 M3

johnny okane (order #7172889) The Gaulish culture then was massively submerged by Roman culture, Latin was adopted by Gallic the Gauls; Gaul, or Gallia, was absorbed into the Roman Empire, all the administration By the 2nd century BC, France was called Gaul (Gallia Transalpina) by the Romans. In his Gallic changed, and Gauls eventually became Roman citizens. From the third to 5th centuries, Gaul Wars, Julius Caesar distinguishes among three ethnic groups in Gaul: the Belgae in the north was exposed to raids by the Franks. The Gallic Empire, consisting of the provinces of Gaul, (roughly between Rhine and Seine), the Celts in the center and in Armorica, and the Aquitani Britannia, and Hispania, including the peaceful Baetica in the south, broke away from Rome in the southwest, the southeast being already colonized by the Romans. While some scholars from 260 to 273. believe the Belgae south of the Somme were a mixture of Celtic and Germanic elements, their Following the Frankish victory at the Battle of Soissons in 486 AD, Gaul (except for Septimania) ethnic affiliations have not been definitively resolved. came under the rule of the Merovingians, the first kings of France. Gallo-Roman culture, the Northern Belgic tribes like the Nervians, Atrebates or Morini appear to be Germanic tribes who Romanized culture of Gaul under the rule of the Roman Empire, persisted particularly in the migrated from the Germanic hinterland and adopted Celtic language and customs, as all of the areas of Gallia Narbonensis that developed into Occitania, Gallia Cisalpina and to a lesser names of their leaders and towns are Celtic. In addition to the Gauls, there were other peoples degree, Aquitania. The formerly Romanized north of Gaul, once it had been occupied by the living in Gaul, such as the Greeks and Phoenicians who had established outposts such as Franks, would develop into Merovingian culture instead. Roman life, centered on the public Massilia (present-day Marseille) along the Mediterranean coast. Also, along the southeastern events and cultural responsibilities of urban life in the res publica and the sometimes luxurious Mediterranean coast, the Ligures had merged with the Celts to form a Celto-Ligurian culture. life of the self-sufficient rural villa system, took longer to collapse in the Gallo-Roman regions, where the Visigoths largely inherited the status quo in the early 5th century. Gallo-Roman In the 2nd century BC, Mediterranean Gaul had an extensive urban fabric and was prosperous, language persisted in the northeast into the Silva Carbonaria that formed an effective cultural while the best known cities in northern Gaul include the Biturigian capital of Avaricum barrier, with the Franks to the north and east, and in the northwest to the lower valley of the (Bourges), Cenabum (Orléans), Autricum (Chartres) and the excavated site of Bibracte near Loire, where Gallo-Roman culture interfaced with Frankish culture in a city like Tours and in Autun in Saône-et-Loire, along with a number of hillforts (or oppida) used in times of war. The the person of that Gallo-Roman bishop confronted with Merovingian royals, Gregory of Tours. prosperity of Mediterranean Gaul encouraged Rome to respond to pleas for assistance from the inhabitants of Massilia, who were under attack by a coalition of Ligures and Gauls. The Romans intervened in Gaul in 125 BC, and by 121 BC they had conquered the Mediterranean region called Provincia (later named Gallia Narbonensis). This conquest upset the ascendancy of the Gaulish Arverni tribe.The Roman proconsul and general Julius Caesar pushed his army into Gaul in 58 BC, on the pretext of assisting Rome's Gaullish allies against the migrating Helvetii. With the help of various Gallic tribes (for example, the Aedui) he managed to conquer nearly all of Gaul. But the Arverni tribe, under their Chieftain Vercingetorix, still defied Roman rule. Julius Caesar was checked by Vercingetorix at a siege of Gergorvia, a fortified town in the center of Gaul. Caesar's alliances with many Gallic tribes broke. Even the Aedui, their most faithful supporters, threw in their lot with the Arverni, but the ever loyal Remi (best known for its cavalry) and Lingones sent troops to support Caesar. The Germani of the Ubii also sent cavalry, which Caesar equipped with Remi horses. Caesar captured Vercingetorix in the Battle of Alesia, which ended the majority of Gallic resistance to Rome.

As many as a million people (probably 1 in 5 of the Gauls) died, another million were enslaved, 300 tribes were subjugated and 800 cities were destroyed during the Gallic Wars. The entire population of the city of Avaricum (Bourges) (40,000 in all) were slaughtered. During Julius Caesar's campaign against the Helvetii (present-day Switzerland) approximately 60% of the tribe was destroyed, and another 20% was taken into slavery. johnny okane (order #7172889) Warband 1 Javelin 1 150 Sw OO 350 M3 O 970 M3 Javelin 2 OO 350 M3 Warband 2 Javelin 3 140 Sw OO 350 M3 O 970 M3 Javelin 4 130 OO 350 M3 Warband 3 Javelin 5 Sw OO 350 M3 120 O 970 M3 Javelin 6 OO 350 M3 Warband 4 Bow 1 Sw 110 OO 350 M3 O 970 M3 Bow 2 Warband 5 OO 350 M3 100 Sw Bow 3 O 970 M3 OO 350 M3 Sling 1 90 Warband 6 OO 350 M3 Sw Sling 2 O 970 M3 OO 350 M3 80

Warband 7 Light Cavalry 1 R Sw 70 O 970 M3 OO 450 M3 R

Warband 8 Light Cavalry 2 60 Sw R O 970 M3 OO 450 M3 50

Warband 9 Light Cavalry 3 R Sw O 970 M3 OO 450 M3

RC 40 Warband 10 Light Cavalry 4 Sw RC 30 O 970 M3 OO 450 M3

Warband 11 Light Cavalry 5 RC 20 Sw O 970 M3 OO 450 M3 RC 10 Warband 12 Light Cavalry 6 Sw O 970 M3 OO 450 M3

Warband 13 Heavy 2 PB PB Sw Cavalry OO O 970 M3 490 M1 PB PB

Warband 14 Heavy 3

Sw Cavalry PB PB O 970 M3 OO 490 M1

Heavy 1 Heavy 4 PB PB C in C Cavalry Cavalry OO 490 M1 OO 490 M1

johnny okane (order #7172889) Goth the Aegean islands as far as Crete, Rhodes and Cyprus. The fleet probably also sacked Troy and In the first attested incursion in Thrace the Goths were mentioned as Boranoi by Zosimus, and Ephesus, destroying the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. then as Boradoi by Gregory Thaumaturgus. The first incursion of the Roman Empire that can While their main force had constructed siege works and was close to taking the cities of be attributed to Goths is the sack of Histria in 238. Several such raids followed in subsequent Thessalonica and Cassandreia, it retreated to the Balkan interior at the news that the emperor decades, in particular the Battle of Abrittus in 251, led by Cniva, in which the Roman Emperor was advancing. On their way, they plundered Doberus (Paionia ?) and Pelagonia. Decius was killed. At the time, there were at least two groups of Goths: the Thervingi and the Learning of the approach of Claudius, the Goths first attempt to directly invade Italy. They are Greuthungi. Goths were subsequently heavily recruited into the Roman Army to fight in the engaged near Naissus by a Roman army led by Claudius advancing from the north. The battle Roman-Persian Wars, notably participating at the Battle of Misiche in 242. most likely took place in 269, and was fiercely contested. Large numbers on both sides were The first seaborne raids took place in three subsequent years, probably 255-257. An killed but, at the critical point, the Romans tricked the Goths into an ambush by pretended unsuccessful attack on Pityus was followed in the second year by another which sacked by flight. Some 50,000 Goths were allegedly killed or taken captive and their base at Thessalonika Pityus and Trapezus and ravaged large area in the Pontus. In the third year a much larger force destroyed. It seems that Aurelian who was in charge of all Roman cavalry during Claudius' devastated large areas of Bithynia and the Propontis, including the cities of Chalcedon, reign, led the decisive attack in the battle. Some survivors were resettled within the empire, Nicomedia, Nicaea, Apamea, Cius and Prusa. while others were incorporated into the Roman army. The battle ensured the survival of the Roman Empire for another two centuries. In 270, after the death of Claudius, Goths under the After a 10 year gap, the Goths, along with the Heruli, another Germanic tribe from leadership of Cannabaudes again launch an invasion on the Roman Empire, but were defeated Scandinavia, raiding on 500 ships, sacked Heraclea Pontica, Cyzicus and Byzantium. They were by Aurelian, who however surrendered Dacia beyond the Danube. defeated by the Roman navy but managed to escape into the Aegean Sea, where they ravaged the islands of Lemnos and Scyros, broke through Thermopylae and sacked several cities of Major sources for Gothic history include Ammianus Marcellinus' Res gestae, which mentions southern Greece (province of Achaea) including Athens, Corinth, Argos, Olympia and Sparta. Gothic involvement in the civil war between emperors Procopius and Valens of 365 and Then an Athenian militia, led by the historian Dexippus, pushed the invaders to the north recounts the Gothic refugee crisis and revolt of 376–82, and Procopius' de bello gothico, which where they were intercepted by the Roman army under Gallienus. He won an important describes the Gothic war of 535–52. victory near the Nessos (Nestos) river, on the boundary between Macedonia and Thrace, with In 332 Constantine helped the Sarmatians to settle on the north banks of the Danube to the aid of the Dalmatian cavalry. Reported barbarian casualties were 3,000 men. defend against the Goths' attacks and thereby enforce the Roman Empire's border. Around Subsequently, the Heruli leader Naulobatus came to terms with the Romans. 100,000 Goths were reportedly killed in battle, and Ariaricus, son of the King of the Goths, was After Gallienus was assassinated outside Milan in the summer of 268 in a plot led by high captured. In 334, Constantine evacuated approximately 300,000 Sarmatians from the north officers in his army, Claudius was proclaimed emperor and headed to Rome to establish his bank of the Danube after a revolt of the Sarmatians' slaves. From 335 to 336, Constantine, rule. Claudius' immediate concerns were with the Alamanni, who had invaded Raetia and Italy. continuing his Danube campaign, defeated many Gothic tribes. Both the Greuthungi and After he defeated them in the Battle of Lake Benacus, he was finally able to take care of the Thervingi became heavily Romanized during the 4th century. This came about through trade invasions in the Balkan provinces. with the Byzantines, as well as through Gothic membership of a military covenant, which was based in Byzantium and involved pledges of military assistance. Reportedly, 40,000 Goths were In the meantime, the second and larger sea-borne invasion had started. An enormous coalition brought by Constantine to defend Constantinople in his later reign, and the Palace Guard was consisting of Goths (Greuthungi and Thervingi), Gepids and Peucini, led again by the Heruli, mostly composed of Germans, as the quality of the native Romans troops kept declining. The assembled at the mouth of river Tyras (Dniester). The Augustan History and Zosimus claim a Goths were converted to Arianism by Ulfila during this time. total number of 2,000–6,000 ships and 325,000 men. This is probably a gross exaggeration but remains indicative of the scale of the invasion. After failing to storm some towns on the coasts of the western Black Sea and the Danube (Tomi, Marcianopolis), the invaders attacked Byzantium and Chrysopolis. Part of their fleet was wrecked, either because of the Gothic inexperience in sailing through the violent currents of the Propontis or because it was defeated by the Roman navy. Then they entered the Aegean Sea and a detachment ravaged johnny okane (order #7172889) Noble 1 Noble 3 Bow 1 150 Cavalry CO CO 606 M1 606 M1 OO 855 M3 Noble 2 Noble 4 140 CO CO Bow 2 606 M1 606 M1 Archers OO 855 M3 130 Goth 1 Goth 14 CO CO 503 M3 503 M3 Bow 3 120 Noble Cavalry Noble Cavalry Goth 2 Goth 15 OO 855 M3 CO CO 503 M3 503 M3 Bow 4 110 Goth 3 Goth 16 CO CO OO 855 M3 503 M3 503 M3 100 Bow 5 Goth 4 Goth 17 CO CO 503 M3 503 M3 OO 855 M3 90

Goth 5 Goth 18 Bow 6 CO CO 80 503 M3 503 M3 OO 855 M3 Goth 6 Goth 19 Bow 7 CO CO 70 503 M3 503 M3 OO 855 M3 Goth 7 Goth 20 CO CO Bow 8 60 503 M3 503 M3

Goth 8 Goth 21 OO 855 M3 CO CO 50 503 M3 503 M3 Bow 9

Goth 9 Goth 22 40 CO CO OO 855 M3 503 M3 503 M3 Bow 10 Goth 10 Goth 23 30 CO CO OO 855 M3 503 M3 503 M3 20 Goth 11 Goth 24 Bow 11 CO CO 503 M3 503 M3 OO 855 M3 10 Goth 12 Goth 25 Bow 12 CO CO 503 M3 503 M3 OO 855 M3 Goth 13 Goth 26 CO CO C in C 503 M3 503 M3

R R RC RC PB PB

johnny okane (order #7172889) Appendix 1 – Army Cards on Letter size

Britons

Warband 1 Warband 11 Chariot 1 Javelin Javelin M1 O 870 M3 O 870 M3 310