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IPPR Briefing Paper NO 44 Political Party Life in Namibia
Institute for Public Policy Research Political Party Life in Namibia: Dominant Party with Democratic Consolidation * Briefing Paper No. 44, February 2009 By André du Pisani and William A. Lindeke Abstract This paper assesses the established dominant-party system in Namibia since independence. Despite the proliferation of parties and changes in personalities at the top, three features have structured this system: 1) the extended independence honeymoon that benefits and is sustained by the ruling SWAPO Party of Namibia, 2) the relatively effective governance of Namibia by the ruling party, and 3) the policy choices and political behaviours of both the ruling and opposition politicians. The paper was funded in part by the Danish government through Wits University in an as yet unpublished form. This version will soon be published by Praeger Publishers in the USA under Series Editor Kay Lawson. “...an emergent literature on African party systems points to low levels of party institutionalization, high levels of electoral volatility, and the revival of dominant parties.” 1 Introduction Political reform, democracy, and governance are centre stage in Africa at present. African analysts frequently point to the foreign nature of modern party systems compared to the pre-colonial political cultures that partially survive in the traditional arenas especially of rural politics. However, over the past two decades multi-party elections became the clarion call by civil society (not to mention international forces) for the reintroduction of democratic political systems. This reinvigoration of reform peaked just as Namibia gained its independence under provisions of the UN Security Council Resolution 435 (1978) and the supervision of the United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG). -
Multiparty Democracy and Elections in Namibia
MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY AND ELECTIONS IN NAMIBIA ––––––––––––– ❑ ––––––––––––– Published with the assistance of NORAD and OSISA ISBN 1-920095-02-0 Debie LeBeau 9781920 095024 Edith Dima Order from: [email protected] EISA RESEARCH REPORT No 13 EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 13 i MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY AND ELECTIONS IN NAMIBIA ii EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 13 EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 13 iii MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY AND ELECTIONS IN NAMIBIA BY DEBIE LEBEAU EDITH DIMA 2005 iv EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 13 Published by EISA 2nd Floor, The Atrium 41 Stanley Avenue, Auckland Park Johannesburg, South Africa 2006 P O Box 740 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa Tel: 27 11 482 5495 Fax: 27 11 482 6163 Email: [email protected] www.eisa.org.za ISBN: 1-920095-02-0 EISA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of EISA. First published 2005 EISA is a non-partisan organisation which seeks to promote democratic principles, free and fair elections, a strong civil society and good governance at all levels of Southern African society. –––––––––––– ❑ –––––––––––– Cover photograph: Yoruba Beaded Sashes Reproduced with the kind permission of Hamill Gallery of African Art, Boston, MA USA EISA Research Report, No. 13 EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 13 v CONTENTS List of acronyms viii Acknowledgements x Preface xi 1. Background to multiparty democracy in Namibia 1 Historical background 1 The electoral system and its impact on gender 2 The ‘characters’ of the multiparty system 5 2. -
NAM \ BIAN Ll BE RATION
NAM \ BIAN Ll BE RATION: 5EL~· D£/FRM!NATIO ~ LAW MD POLITICS ELIZA8ET~ S. LANDIS EPISCOPAL CHUR&liMEN for SOUTH Room 1005 • 853 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10003 • Phone: (212) 477·0066 -For A Free S1111tbem Alritll- NOVEMBER 1982 NAMIBIAN LIBERATION Independence for Namibia is one of the forenost issues of today's world that cries for solution. The Namibian people have been subjected to bru tal foreign rule and their land exploited by co lonial powers for a century. Their thrust for freedom has intensified since 1966 when SWAPO launched its armed struggle against the illegal South African occupiers of its country. Their cause has been on the agendas of the League of Nations and the United Nations for m:>re than six decades . NCM, after five-and-a-half years of 'delicate negotiations 1 managed by five Western powers , Namibia is no nearer independence. Pretoria is m:>re repressively in oontrol of the Terri torY and uses it as a staging ground for its militarY encroaclunents into Angola and as a fulcrum for its attempt to reverse the tide of liberation in Southern Africa. Yet the talks conducted by the Western Contact Group are dragged on, with the United States gov ernment insisting that Angola denude itself of its CUban allies as a pre-condition for a 1 Namibian settlement" . There is widespread confusion on just where the matter of Namibia stands. This report is designed to penetrate the tangle. This clear, succinct and timely analysis of the Namibian issue by Elizabeth S. landis comes out of the author's yearn of work in the African field and her dedication to the cause of freedom in Southern Africa. -
Republic of Namibia KAS Factbook April 2021 © Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung E.V
Republic of Namibia KAS Factbook April 2021 © Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Independence 21 March 1990 (national holiday) 1 Capital Windhoek (about 400,000 inhabitants)0F Government Republic (bicameral system) Member of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1990 Official Language English (until 1990 also Afrikaans and German) Namibia has 13 recognized national languages, including 10 indigenous African languages and 3 Indo- European languages. Most frequent mother tongues are: Oshiwambo (48.9%), Nama/Damara (11.3%), 2 Afrikaans (10.4%).1F Administration 14 regions: Caprivi, Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Kavango, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa, Zambezi President Dr. Hage Geingob (since 2014) Area 824,292 km2 Geographical Angola (north), Zambia (north-east), Zimbabwe (north- borders east), Botswana (east), South Africa (south), Atlantic Ocean (west) 3 4 Population 2,678,192F inhabitants, 52% urban3F 5 Population growth 1.83%4F rate Unemployment Total: 34% rate Currency NAD (N$) 1 € = N$ 17.82 (22.02.21) 1 City of Windhoek, http://www.windhoekcc.org.na/pdf/Councillor%20Ogranogram%202016.pdf (2016) Other estimates higher number. 2 CIA, The World Factbook, (2021). 3 CIA, The World Factbook, (2021). 4 CIA, The World Factbook, (2021). 5 CIA, The World Factbook, (2021). - 2 - www.kas.de/namibia Religion 80% - 90% Christian (at least 50% Lutheran), 10% - 20% indigenous beliefs Contents 1. History – Colonialism and Independence ................................................................... 4 2. State and Politics -
21 August 1992
'\ ., I 1 * TODAY: ~M&Z' CUTBACK *FERGle 1N A RO"/Al BUSTING OUT ~ SUPER SPORTS~ 4 S0CIAL PICS ' ~ y •• . Bringing Africa SoutJ:1 -State to probe Liideritz horror child sex case ATTORNEY·GENERAL Hartmut Ruppelsaid yes terday he was investigating the truth of reports on a horrific case of jncest and bestiality which drew no more than a R3 000 fine in the Keetmanshoop-mag istrate court this week. According to news reports, Christopher Vice, 39, was convicted for having committe~ incest with his daughter for two years since she was 14, and for subjecting her to bestiality by training his dogs to continued o~ page 2 . GRAHAM HOPWOOD NAMIBIA and South Africa will di~cuss the "nitty gritty of issues" pertaining to a settlement of the Walvis Bay dispute, when Namibian Foreign Minister Theo-Ben Gurirab·and his South African counterpart Pik Botha meet in Windhoek today. In a statement confjrro ~ .says the meeting has been ing Both~'s stopover, the arr~ged at Botha' s request. Namiblan Ministry of For The Namibian Govern eign Affairs warned how ment is clearly running 'out ever tbat.Botha's flying visit of patience with South Af to the N amibian capital rican delaying tactics and "should not raise premature this is reflected in the For and unrealistic expectationS eign Affairs statement, ... that the territories are about which says a "clear and to be returned to their right categorical undertaking to ful owners, namely the advance the implementation Goveniment and people of process" . (presumably of Namibia". Joint Administration) is The meeting has been expected from Botha at the arranged at short notice with meeting. -
Constitutional Democracy in Namibia
Constitutional democracy in Namibia A critical analysis after two decades Edited by Anton Bösl, Nico Horn & André du Pisani A This publication would not have been possible without the generous financial support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation. Please note that the views expressed herein are not necessarily those of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation and of the editors. Konrad Adenauer Foundation P.O. Box 1145 Windhoek [email protected] www.kas.de/namibia © Konrad-Adenauer Stiftung and the Authors 2010 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. Cover design: Red Sky and Anton Bösl Content editors: Anton Bösl, Nico Horn & André du Pisani Language editor: Sandie Fitchat Printing: John Meinert Printing (Pty) Ltd Publisher Macmillan Education Namibia PO Box 22830 Windhoek Namibia Tel. (+264 61) 225568 ISBN 978-99916-2-439-6 B Table of contents Foreword .......................................................................................................................iii Peter H Katjavivi Introduction .................................................................................................................... v Anton Bösl, Nico Horn and André du Pisani List of contributors ......................................................................................................xiii -
3. Political Parties and Personalities in Namibia
Donor Support of Opposition parties in Namibia Donor support of opposition parties in Namibia. How foreign support for parties effects democracy in a new democracy. By: Karl Wagner Karl Wagner 1 Donor Support of Opposition parties in Namibia Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………………4 Democratic Support………………………………………………………………..16 Political systems and parties: prevailing African democratic conditions…………. 27 Political Parties and Personalities in Namibia……………………………………...40 Namibian electoral systems and elections………………………………………….65 Support, past and present…………………………………………………………..87 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………101 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………….108 Karl Wagner 2 Donor Support of Opposition parties in Namibia Photograph copyright Tony Figueira, courtesy The Namibian Karl Wagner 3 Donor Support of Opposition parties in Namibia Introduction: Questions have emerged in academic and political discussions about the relevance and effectiveness of foreign donor support of opposition parties in democracies that emerged or re-emerged since the Cold War. They concern the effects of foreign support on political systems and democracy itself. Finally, tyring gauge how effective support is on particular countries? In a global historical context, political party support has been a favoured instrument of European and North American governments in foreign policy. Forms of support vary, the more visible and noticeable normally being military assistance to countries like South Vietnam, Taiwan and Guatemala. During the Cold -
REGISTRATUR AA. 3 (Enlarged and Revised Edition)
REGISTRATUR AA. 3 (Enlarged and Revised Edition) 2 REGISTRATUR AA. 3 (Enlarged and Revised Edition) GUIDE TO THE SWAPO COLLECTION IN THE BASLER AFRIKA BIBLIOGRAPHIEN Compiled by Giorgio Miescher Published by Basler Afrika Bibliographien Namibia Resource Centre & Southern Africa Library 2006 3 © 2006 Basler Afrika Bibliographien Publisher: Basler Afrika Bibliographien P.O.Box 2037 CH 4001 Basel Switzerland http://www.baslerafrika.ch All rights reserved Printed by Typoprint (Pty) Ltd, Windhoek, Republic of Namibia ISBN 3-905141-89-2 4 List of Contents I The General Archives of the Basler Afrika Bibliographien 7 II Introduction to the enlarged and revised edition 9 Changing archiving pattern since 1994 10 Collections of SWAPO material scattered around the world 12 The BAB SWAPO collection and its institutional context 14 Researching the history of SWAPO (and the liberation struggle) 16 Sources to write the history of SWAPO and the liberation struggle 20 III How to work with this Archival Guide 22 Structure of organisation 22 Classification system of the SWAPO collection 22 List of abbreviations 24 IV Inventory AA. 3 25 before 1966 from SWAPO 27 1966 about SWAPO 28 1968 from SWAPO 29 1969 from/about SWAPO 30 1970 from/about SWAPO 32 1971 from/about SWAPO 34 1972 from/about SWAPO 37 1973 from/about SWAPO 42 1974 from/about SWAPO 45 1975 from/about SWAPO 50 1976 from/about SWAPO 56 1977 from/about SWAPO 64 1978 from/about SWAPO 72 1979 from/about SWAPO 82 1980 from/about SWAPO 88 1981 from/about SWAPO 100 1982 from/about SWAPO 113 1983 from/about -
17 January 1990.Pdf
"- VON FRANCOIS RUNS FROM WITBOOI TO WINDHOEK - FEATURE INSIDE TODAY Bringing Africa South . Vol.2 No,. t , ao YST RY."'- . ',DE PE S Military expert says local . authorities' explanation leaves many questions BY RAJAH MUNAMAVA THE bombing of a Namibian border village on Sunday morning, which the South West Africa Police have blamed Qri AngQlan government forces, has sparked a row about the origins of tbe plane involved in the incident. A police spokesperson in Wind vide them with an excuse to come to toBaganiis 800 kilometres and 1100 hoek, Chief Inspector Kierie du Rand, the rescue of a beleaguered Unita. kilometres respectively. said on Sunday night an Angolan A flight from Menogue to Bagani Soviet-made MiG fighter aircraft had MAJOR VICTORY would leave Angolan fighter aircrafts dropped a bomb near Bagani in hardly a few minutes "to be on sta Namibia. Angolan forces claimed a major tion". The military sourcesaid while ' • The plane, he said, was.believed to victory against. Unita on December this was possible, it 'was highly un have been on a bombing mission 23. Lu anda saiQ Fapla forces had likely. against Vnita targets near the Ango takea the strategic town 'Of Matringa, , 'The Angolan,cairf-ot.ce has Mi~h - . lan/Namibian border. which is only 220 kilometres from 21s, MiG-23s and SU-22s., The bomb, according to the police, the Unita stronghold, Jamba. According to the military expert, had been dropped about three to four But according to a Western mili the MiG-21 is a versatile war 'ma kilometres inside Namibia, about 100 tary expert in Windhoek, the expla . -
Constitution of Namibia
This publication contains: the full text of the Constitution of Namibia including its three amending acts and amendment annotations; the musical notes and lyrics of the Namibian National Anthem and the lyrics of the Anthem of the African Union; information on Namibia’s National Flag, other state fl ags, the National Coat of Arms and the National Seal; the texts of UN Resolution 435 and the 1982 Constitutional Principles; explanatory notes on some controversial parts of the Constitution, such as land The Constitution of the Republic Namibia expropriation, the death penalty and affi rmative action. The Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (KAS) has worked in Namibia for almost 30 years for the free and peaceful promotion of democracy, with freedom, justice The Constitution of the and solidarity as the basic principles underlying our work. We support people to live self-determined lives in freedom and dignity, and encourage them to lend a hand in shaping the future along these lines. Republic of Namibia Through the publication of this annotated edition of the Namibian Constitution, KAS would like to promote Namibian citizens’ knowledge and awareness of (Annotated Edition) of their basic democratic rights and duties. We hope that in this way a kind of ‘constitutional patriotism’ can develop that will empower us to master the challenges of our society in the spirit of solidarity and justice while respecting democratic rules. The Namibia Scientifi c Society was founded in 1925 as a forum for scientists and researchers in the country, with the objective of providing the Namibian population with access to knowledge and information. -
Spot the Difference: Namibia's Political Parties Compared
Spot the Difference: Namibia’s Political Parties Compared Edited by Justine Hunter Contributors: Martin Boer Graham Hopwood Justine Hunter Robin Sherbourne Published by Namibia Institute for Democracy Funded by Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Edited by Justine Hunter Table of Contents: © Namibia Institute for Democracy Introduction December 2005 (Justine Hunter) . 3 Taking a Stand: Comparing Namibia’s Political Party Platforms No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or (Martin Boer) . 9 mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the written permission of the publishers. Political Platforms on the Record: Party Representatives Challenged (Justine Hunter) . 61 Design and Layout: DV8 SAATCHI & SAATCHI Printed by: John Meinert Printing (1999), Windhoek 2005 Taking Positions: ISBN: 99916-797-3-1 The Economic Policies of Namibia’s Opposition Parties Compared (Martin Boer & Robin Sherbourne) . 105 Trapped in the Past: The State of the Opposition Namibia Institute for Democracy Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (Graham Hopwood) . 124 P O Box 11956 P O Box 1145 Windhoek Windhoek Namibia Namibia Tel. (+264 61) 229 117/8 Tel. (+264 61) 232 156 Fax (+264 61) 229 119 Fax (+264 61) 225 678 [email protected] [email protected] 1 Introduction Introduction Justine Hunter Free and fair elections, which require free competition between different political parties, lay the foundation for democratic rule. Emminghaus (2002:290-293) identifies four main functions -
Republic of Namibia
Republic of Namibia KAS Fact book, July 2021 © Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Office Namibia-Angola Revised edition www.kas.d e Overview Independence 21 March 1990 (national holiday) Capital Windhoek (estimate: 300 000 inhabitants)1 Government Republic (bicameral system) Member of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1990 Official Language English (until 1990 also Afrikaans and German). Namibia has 13 recognized national languages, including 10 indigenous African languages and 3 Indo-European languages. Most frequent mother tongues are: Oshiwambo (48.9%), Nama/Damara (11.3%), Afrikaans (10.4%).2 Administration 14 regions: Caprivi, Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Kavango, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa, Zambezi President His Excellency Dr Hage Geingob (since 2014) Area 824 292 km2 Geographical Angola (north), Zambia (north-east), Zimbabwe (north-east), borders Botswana (east), South Africa (south), Atlantic Ocean (west) Population 2 678 19 inhabitants3, 52% urban4 Population growth 1.83%5 rate Unemployment rate Total: 34% Currency NAD (N$) 1€ = N$16.876 (28.06.2021) Religion 80% - 90% Christian (at least 50% Lutheran), 10% - 20% indigenous beliefs 1 windhoekcc..org:,na: http://www.windhoekcc.org.na/tour_history_heritage.php (Accessed: 28.06.2021). Other estimates higher number. 2 CIA, The World Factbook, (2021). 3 CIA, The World Factbook, (2021). 4 CIA, The World Factbook, (2021). 5 CIA, The World Factbook, (2021). 6 oanda.com: https://www1.oanda.com/currency/converter/ (Accessed: 28.06.2021). 2 Contents