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Seafarer Training in Somalia As a Deterrent to Piracy Koki Matsushima World Maritime University

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Seafarer Training in Somalia As a Deterrent to Piracy Koki Matsushima World Maritime University World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University World Maritime University Dissertations Dissertations 2016 Seafarer training in Somalia as a deterrent to piracy Koki Matsushima World Maritime University Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Education Policy Commons, Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, and the Transportation Commons Recommended Citation Matsushima, Koki, "Seafarer training in Somalia as a deterrent to piracy" (2016). World Maritime University Dissertations. 518. http://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations/518 This Dissertation is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non-commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY Malmö, Sweden SEAFARER TRAINING IN SOMALIA AS A DETERRENT TO PIRACY By KOKI MATSUSHIMA Japan A dissertation submitted to the World Maritime University in partial Fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In MARITIME AFFAIRS (MET) 2016 Copyright Koki MATSUSHIMA, 2016 Declaration certify that all I the material in this dissertation that is not my own work has been identified, and that no material is included for which a degree has previously been conferred on me. The contents of this dissertation reflect my own personal views, and are not necessarily endorsed by the University. (Signature): (Date): .,YitL%p Supervised by: Michael Ekow Manuel Associate Professor World Maritime University Assessor: Maximo Q. Mejia Jr. Professor World Maritime University Co-assessor: Peter M. P. Muirhead Professor Emeritus World Maritime University 11 Acknowledgement I would like to express sincere thanks to all the people who gave me support to complete this work. It is impossible to express my gratitude to all considering the number of persons who supported me and limitations of space. I appreciate your help! I would like, however, to specifically thank the following persons for the significant support given me. Special and sincerest thanks to: - Dr. Yohei Sasakawa, the Chairman of the Nippon Foundation, who gave me the fellowship and this great opportunity to study at the World Maritime University. - Mr. Mohamoud Boss Ahmed, who coordinated my research field visit to Somaliland and kindly welcomed and hosted me there. - All the people who cooperated with me in my research in Hargeisa and Berbera, Somaliland, especially the staff and students of the Berbera Maritime and Fishery Academy. - Dr. Michael Ekow Manuel, Associate Professor at the World Maritime University, who supervised this research. - Mr. Eisuke Kudo and Mr. Shinichi Ichikawa of the Sasakawa Peace Foundation, who supported my life and study in Malmö. - All people at the World Maritime University who inspired me. iii Abstract Title of Dissertation: Seafarer Training in Somalia as a Deterrent to Piracy Degree: MSc This dissertation is a study into the development of seafarer training in Somalia as a deterrent to piracy off the coast of Somalia. The number of piratical attacks attributed Somali pirates has decreased dramatically in recent years due to the deterrent of private armed security guards on-board commercial vessels and naval patrols by stakeholder nations. However, these anti-piracy measures cannot be said to have addressed the root causes of the piratical problem in Somalia, such as poverty and absence of good governance. The development of seafarer training in Somalia is therefore examined, in this study, as a new potential solution to the piratical problem off the coast of Somalia. Online questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used as research instruments. Questionnaires were sent to Japanese shipping companies and students of a maritime academy in Somalia. Semi-structured interviews of maritime stakeholders were conducted in person (by the researcher) on site in Somalia. From the analyses of the data collected using the research instruments, it was found that there is quite high interest level of Somali people for the development of seafarer training. The steady found grounds to conclude that seafarer training in Somalia could be a deterrent to piracy. KEYWORDS: Somalia, Somaliland, Seafarer, Maritime, Training, Education, Piracy, Deterrent iv Table of Contents Declaration.............................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgement ................................................................................................. iii Abstract ................................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents ................................................................................................... v List of Tables ......................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ........................................................................................................ x List of Abbreviation ............................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Purpose of the Study....................................................................................... 4 1.3 Research Questions........................................................................................ 4 Chapter 2: Literature Review ................................................................................. 6 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Piracy .............................................................................................................. 6 2.2.1 Definition of Piracy .................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Legendary and Modern Pirates ................................................................. 8 2.2.3 Somali Pirates ........................................................................................ 10 2.3 Impact of Education on Crime ....................................................................... 14 2.4 Somali Traditional Clan System and Common Law ....................................... 16 2.4.1 Clan-based Society ................................................................................. 16 2.4.2 Somali Traditional Customary Law .......................................................... 23 v 2.4.3 Summary ................................................................................................ 25 2.5 Modern History of Somalia ............................................................................ 26 2.5.1 Colonial period ........................................................................................ 26 2.5.2 Independence ......................................................................................... 28 2.5.3 Muhammad Siad Barre Regime .............................................................. 29 2.5.4 South Central Somalia after Siad Barre Regime ..................................... 30 2.5.5 Somaliland .............................................................................................. 31 2.5.6 Puntland ................................................................................................. 32 2.6 Current Situation of the Three Regions in Somalia ........................................ 32 2.6.1 South and Central Somalia ..................................................................... 33 2.6.2 Puntland ................................................................................................. 35 2.6.3 Somaliland .............................................................................................. 36 Chapter 3: Research Methodology...................................................................... 43 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 43 3.2 Selection of Participants ................................................................................ 44 3.2.1 Shipping Company ................................................................................. 44 3.2.2 Location - Comparison of Three Regions in Somalia .............................. 44 3.3 Instrumentation ............................................................................................. 46 3.4 Research Ethics ............................................................................................ 47 3.5 Questionnaire Instrument .............................................................................. 47 3.6 Interview Instrument ...................................................................................... 48 3.7 Data Collection.............................................................................................. 48 3.7.1 Quantitative Method ................................................................................ 48 vi 3.7.2 Qualitative Method .................................................................................
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