MAR .ICATTIiI I cTi'1 UTF S HALL4-263 FL1:fJP Center ef1

- .asa*U(t fltk /L&"

will follow at a later date. The Academy of Ethiopian 2. The Department of Linguistics prepares descriptive, contrastive, and Languages comparative-historical studies of Ethiopia's several and language families. At Jack Fellman* languages present, the department is most actively the most Ethiopia is, after Egypt and Nigeria, involved in alphabetizing languages for in Africa, with some 32 million populous country Ethiopia's massive and intensive literacy some 60-70 A inhabitants speaking languages. programs begun in 1974 and continued most tribes and veritable mosaic of peoples, tongues, successfully in the years following. Indeed, in offers and Ethiopia many challenging problems 1980, Ethiopia received the award of the who must come to ' prospects to the language planner International Reading Association for her grips with such pluralism. success in mass literacy. of The Academy Ethiopian Languages 3. The Department of Literature collects, records, (yäityoppaya qwanqwawoff akadami) was established and studies the folklore of the various in 1976 'under the of the of Culture and aegis Ministry linguistic-ethnic groups of Ethiopia. It also Sports of Socialist Ethiopia to deal with the country's collects, records and transcribes traditional It was set to linguistic pluralism. up expressly replace religious poetry in Classical Ethiopic (Ge'cz), the Amharic previously existing Language Academy and orally transmitted Ge'ez and Amharic organized during the reign of the late deposed Bible commentaries. Haile Selassie.5 As its name the Emperor implies, 4. The Department of Terminology seeks to previous Academy completely disregarded Ethiopia's develop and modernize the vocabularies of as of the linguistic diversity, part single-language Ethiopia's languages to meet the needs of the Amharization of the Such policy previous regime.2 twentieth century. At present, with a grant exclusiveness was now to be a mere relic of linguistic from the United Nations, the department is the past. actively working or expanding Amharic, the At the present, Ethiopian Languages' Academy country's dominant in various has a staff of and is language, permanent 22 language specialists, scientific and technical fields. Some 12,500 headed by a committee of 21 members, including English terms are being analyzed by a dozen writers, teachers, and traditional learned linguists, translation teams of linguists and scientists who men, others. While committee members among meet meet at least once a week for not less than two in session the work plenary every fortnight, ongoing hours in an effort to find Amharic equivalents of the Academy is organized around four for them. departments: The Academy has close contacts with other state 1. The of Department Lexicography compiles institutions involved in planning and modernization, and dictionaries for monolingual bilingual such as the Ethiopian Standards Institute, the Ministry At four Ethiopia's languages. present, of Education, the University, the Armed Forces, and dictionaries are for being prepared Ethiopia's others. The work of the Academy is publicized four Oromo, largest languages (Amharic, through its journal Zena Lossan (Language News) and Welaita), and further Tigrinya languages published three times yearly since October, 1980, and and seminars on of Hebrew and through various programs, symposia, *The author is a senior lecturer in the Department Ramat-Gan, on Semitic Languages, Bar-Ian University, Israel. (Continued page 2)

language topics which also receive coverage (albeit Journal of the Language Association qf Eastern Africa It of the is now the briefly) in the newspapers and on radio and television. 1.1-1970-26-30. is interest that author Secre General of the Language planning is new in Ethiopia, and the present tary- Ethiopian Languages' Academy. Academy has only begun its work. We have great For some discussion of this cf. M. Chauvin expectations for the future of its endeavors. policy, "Politique linguistique du gouvernement 6thiopien Notes (1973-1975), Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference 1. For some discussion of this Academy, cf. A. of Ethiopian Studies (Nice, December 19-22, 1977), Gabre-Mariam "The Amharic Language Academy," Rotterdam, 1980, 425-446.

- - Mar4afias Language ConferencI I e SYMPOSIUM Languages in National Policies and international 7!NFERENCEThe Marianas Island Language Conference will Relations The 5th Delaware on be held in Saipan, CM on July 13-15, 1983. The major Symposium Language objectives of the conference are as follows: Studies will be held October 13-15, 1983 at the of 1. To address the question of the survival of the University Delaware. The following topics will be addressed submitted Chamorro and Carolinian languages in by papers: modern social institutions. *Governmental decisions on language use, 2. To provide a forum for serious and informed instruction, and dissemination in and discussion of language issues in the Mariana *Language engineering newly developed third world Islands by policy-makers and interested countries individuals. *Language use in international trade, politics and commerce 3. To increase public awareness on the issue of *The flow of technical and scientific information indigenous language retention. across barriers of culture and 4. To develop specific recommendations to insure language, politics a supportive environment for Chamorro and *Research and practice of simultaneous and consecutive Carolinian in religious, government, economic, interpretation media, and educational activities. *The role of world languages in the international scene 5. To generate research and position papers on contemporary For further information, write: the issue of indigenous language retention by native-language speakers themselves. Nancy Schweda Nicholson Coordinator The Conference was conceptualized and planned Symposium of and Literature by a voluntary committee of educators from Guam Department Languages and the Northern Marianas. The Conference will University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 19711 invite the public to participate. However, there will be - a special focus on two groups in addition to the MEETING Dictionary Society of North America conference presenters who present papers. The first and American Dialect Society of group are the policyrnakers of the Governments of The biennial meeting of the Dictionary Society Guam and the Northern Marianas. Special efforts will North America and the summer meeting of the be made to ensure the invitation of key government American Dialect Society was held on June 9-11, 1983 leaders. A second and equally important group are at the Conference Center at the University of community leaders who are vitally interested in the Delaware. retention of the Chamorro and Carolinian languages. For further information, contact: All essays at the conference will be on the topic "How Roger J. Steiner can the Native Languages of the Marianas Be Department of Languages and Literature Maintained." A special feature of the conference is University of Delaware that all papers will be simultaneously translated into Newark, Delaware 19711 Chamorro, and Carolinian. All be English, papers may MEETING - Use of the Languages of the Spanish To ensure a presented in any of the three languages. State in Public Administration balanced and broadbased level of participation, twenty The School of Public Administration in Barcelona, from the other islands will be invited to participants Spain is sponsoring a meeting about "The Use of the the conference from Guam, 5 from Tinian, 5 from (10 Languages of the Spanish State in Public information, write: Rota). For more Administration" between the 3rd and 15th of October, Rosa S. Palomo 1983. Topics covered include: P. 0. Box 909 *Definition and characteristics of administrative Agana, Guam 96910 language

0 2 Language Planning Newsletters Volume 9 Number 3

MEETING - et *Description of the legal situation of official use Aménagement linguistique and of languages développement (Language planning *Description of the normalization process of the development) official use of languages The 2e Colloque de terminologie franco-arabe in Rabat, Morocco *Description of the different administrative was held on September 13-18, 1982 - et languages of the Spanish state (including on the subject of Aménagement linguistique and Spanish, Catalan, Basque, Galician, Bable, and développement (language planning development). Occitan) The conference was organized jointly by Mohammed V University in Rabat and the University of Tunis. For further information, write: There was a discussion of problems related to Enric Rebés i Sole Josep linguistic development as well as co-operation between Director French- and Arabic-speaking countries. Escola d'Administracio Publica Got information, contact: de Generalitat Catalunya Corbeil Barcelona, Jean-Claude Spain CIRELFA 1410, rue Stanley Montréal, H3A 1P8 Canada

- INFORMATION WANTED Language Planning in resolution 4/Ol/C.6.A approved by the General Africa Conference of UNESCO to encourage "The utilization Reader Babacar Ndiaye, an M.A. student at of the media in national and international Lancaster University, is presently working on a thesis programmes of rural development." entitled "Language Planning: An Essay Towards a The conference brought together experts from Solution To The Languages Problems of Senegal." He Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and would like to get in touch with anyone who has Zaire. The aim was to compare notes and experiences worked or is working on a language planning project on the programs of the use of national languages for Africa, especially French-speaking Africa and concerning all the media in the region, to discuss these welcomes ideas, suggestions or recommendations. experiences and examine their impact in order to Address: Bowland Tower, B-245, Lancaster intensify exchanges among the states of this region. University, Lancaster, LAI 4YT, England. Two particular situations emerged from the discussions. First, there are countries which have DISSERTATION COMPLETED - of University These include: Tanzania with Laval bilingual usage. Kiswahili as official and national language and English Minoru Tsunoda, has just completed his as the second official language, Burundi and Rwanda dissertation entitled "L'utlisation des langues which have French as an official language and Kirundi internationales dans les publications scientifiques et and Kinyarwanda as national and official (The use of international in languages techniques" languages countries which have scientific and technical The is a respectively. Secondly, publications). study which include: and diachronic one which covers the 1900-1980 multilingual usage Kenya, Uganda period Zaire with as an official for the first with the evolution of such English language approximately dealing two countries and French as an official for as French, German, Russian and language languages English, the third Choice of one national for in scientific and technical He country. language Japanese publications. this is difficult due to the situation defended his dissertation on March 30, 1983 at the group multilingual in the rural areas. University of Laval. The following are some of the recommendations (Abstracted from: ICI-CIRB, May, 1983, vol. 3 no. 3). made by the meeting: 1. Kiswahili should be as a MEETING Use of National and Regional adapted regional of in Languages in the Medium of Information in East and language communication East and Central Africa Central Africa. But at the same time, national A meeting was organized by the Government of languages should be developed to play their Burundi in collaboration with UNESCO as a respective role in national development. Kiswahili, a consultation of experts on the "Use of National and 2. Bantu language, is a common Regional Languages in the Medium of Information in tongue among these countries and so efforts must be made to it East and Central Africa," held in Bujumbura, Burundi develop systematically. from the 22nd to the 25th of February, 1983. The preparation of this conference responds to (Continued on page 4)

Volume 9 0 Number 3 0 Newsletter 3 Language Planning

3. There should be of regular exchange iinguistica (Tie publications, documents, feature articles organization of Spanish between these countries at national; language teaching institutional, and individual levels. programs and language 4. of students Exchange and language experts in policy) the field of and lexicography language Luis Fernando Lara Resultados preliminares de standardization should be encouraged. la investigaciOn del 5. UNESCO should assist these countries by diccionario del espanol de seminars, and sponsoring symposia Mexico (Preliminary results scholarships. of dictionary research on (Submitted by: S. J. Mama, The National Swahili the Spanish of Mexico) Council of Tanzania) Amelia Malagamba Resultados preliminares del - and Ortiz SYMPOSIUM La PolItica Linguistica de Mexico Sergio proyecto sobre use del (Language Policy of Mexico) idioma e identidad nacional results of the La Comisión Para La Defense Del Idioma Espaflol (Preliminary on use organized a symposium on the topic of language project language and national policy in Mexico (La Politica LingUistica de Mexico) identity) held on 19 and 20, 1982 in Mexico August City, PROPOSED SPELLING REFORM FOR DUTCH Mexico. Of particular interest to language planners Among the national languages of Dutch were the following presentations: Europe, is one of those which has been most notably reformed Leonardo Manrique PolItica linguistica y in the 20th century, and on whose norm planeación lingUistica spelling debate still rages. The present majority orthography (language policy and dates from 1955, but is still not universally in language planning) accepted The Netherlands and in Dutch-speaking northwestern Felix Baez La politica lingUistica del Instituto Nacional Belgium. Taking its name from a calculation that a new Indigenista (The language orthographic standard should be officialized policy of the National thirty years after the introduction of the existing norm, Institute of Indigenous "Spelling 85" has been proposed by the Dutch Society Peoples) for Scientific voor Leonel Durán La de un Spelling (Vereniging promociôn The overall idioma comun a todos los Wetensgappelike Spelling). principle adopted is a phonemic/phonetic one, and moves mexicanos (The away promoting from the of which is of a common for principle morpheme recognition language Thus, the current has all Mexicans) currently accepted. spelling singular hond 'dog', which phonetically ends in [t], Arturo Azuela El Escritor y la politica plural honden 'dogs' with lid]; "Spelling 85" abandons lingUistica (The writer and language policy) Ernesta de la Pefla El - Lenguaje de la Editor Joan Rubin - Television (The language Associate Editor Bjbrn H. Jernudd of television) Editorial Board M. H. Michelena El de la Abdulaziz Margarita Lenguaje Fishnsao Publicidad Joshua (The language Bertil Moidc of advertising) Monsur Mosa Luis Fernando Lara La Normatividad en el Jd'i Neustnpn9 Espanol de Mexico are available free of of (Standardization in Copies charge. Changes address and requests to be placed on the mailing list should be addressed to; Mexican Spanish) Ramiro Jaramillo La Lengua y la ley Publication Orders East-West (Language and law) Center 1777 East-West Road Dora Pellicer Actitud de los grupos Honolulu, Hawaii 96848 indigenas ante el espanol USA ahora (The attitude of Indians regarding Spanish All other correspondence should be addressed to the editor;

nowadays) Dr. Rubin Pescador EstructuraciOn de los Joan Jose Angel P. 0. Box 143 programas del ensenanza Pinole, CA 94564 del espafiol y la politica USA

4 Language Planning Newsletter " Volume 9 0 Number 3

IT - Ui,1, - -

this principle and writes hontihonden; likewise for the (Reference: "Waarom Spelling-85 zou moeten mogen," two names of the country, Nederlant/De Nederlanden. Onze Taal, 51-9 (1982), 1-2.) A second principle is the abandonment of Richard E. Wood etymological or historical principles. Thus, for INFOTERM PLANS FOR THE EIGHTIES the sounds rendered ch and example, currently g, Infoterm (International Information Centre for which were distinct in Germanic, have historically Terminology, Leopoldsgasse 4, Vienna 4, Austria) coalesced in Modern Dutch and the Society suggests announced its plans for the eighties. It will focus on the of in all cases. has in fact adoption g (This already TermNet operations and the full implementation of been in Afrikaans, in South Africa, and implemented the three TermNet programs. For this reason, the most of the of the will in fact proposals Society bring Second Infoterm Symposium, scheduled for 1984, will written Dutch closer to Afrikaans, a on which, point be held on the topic "International Co-operation in for reasons, the is silent). presumably political Society Terminology: Implementation of TermNet." Likewise, loanwords will be foreign orthographically A number of scientific tools will be necessary for nativized; thus no cadeau as in longer "gift, present", the implementation of TermNet programs. Thus the French, but kado; nor circus but sirkus. This was done TermNet Manual, comprising guidelines and formats Afrikaans and is done long ago by already by many for the recording of bibliographic, factographie and Dutch-language individuals and publications. terminological data, will be completed and published The common (cf. very adjectival ending -ljk in the near future. Furthermore, it will be necessary to English ly) will be simplified to -uk, to reflect current a on the nomenclature rules for Silent letters will be removed: compile bibliography pronunciation; again. specific subject fields. amt "office", not ambt; ert "bean", not erwt; vrou "lady", A number of pilot in will be not vrouw. However, the does not to projects terminology Society propose carried out in the will be on such delete the -n in the and eighties. They topics very frequent noun-plural as new computer software for verb-infinitive -en, it into -e; the -n is terminological purposes, ending turning the use of word in combination still sounded in eastern varieties of Dutch, near the processing equipment with data banks, the use of German border, but has been lost in normal in terminological speech for the of centers. microcomputers recording terminologies, major population new formats for and forms of data distribution, new The Society points out that several of these points layouts for vocabularies, the development of data were already made by a joint spelling commission of banks for term elements and the optimal the Dutch Ministry of Education and the Belgian representation of systems of concepts by electronic Ministry of Dutch Culture in 1969. The itself Society equipment. is not new, having-been established in 1963. Its efforts More detailed research on the epistemological, seem more likely to bear fruit than those of, for logical, ontological, and linguistic aspects of the example, the Simplified in the United Spelling Society General Theory of will be undertaken and United States, because of such factors Terminology by Kingdom Infoterm. This will include the as: investigation of methods for and 1. The existence of a Dutch tradition of computerized terminology spelling and for the reform in the 20th and earlier. terminography international unification of century and terms means of a to 2. The of and authors to concepts by "key tendency publishers international This would be modified in terminology." a adopt partially spellings continuation of the accordance with their own lifelong efforts of Eugen Wüster. preferences. Another of Infoterm's work will 3. The existence of a descended major component language largely be the arid of at from Dutch and with it, teaching training subject specialists mutually intelligible the international level who have to Afrikaans, where these reforms have been develop terminologies. Infoterm will prepare model training implemented. courses with the 4. Movements for the democratization of together appropriate teaching material. education in The and Netherlands Belgium, Since documentation and information an including the removal of barriers to play literacy. role in and vice versa, 5. Decline in the and influence of important terminology knowledge Infoterm intends to its links with German in countries; most strengthen Dutch-speaking of institutions active in the field of and the traditional not reformed) are library (but spellings information science. In addition, Infoterm will close to those of German. continue work on its International Bibliographies and the All should be directed to: inquiries World Guide to Terminological Activities, which have to be Jan Berits updated and published at regular intervals. Secretary, Vereniging voor The above-mentioned research projects Wetensgappelike Spelling demonstrate the urgent need for an international Dc Rougemontnes 16 institute for advanced studies in terminology. Vienna 1862 AB Bergen (NH), The Netherlands (Continued on page 6)

Volume 9 . Number " 3 Language Planning Newsletter 5

would be the most suitable location not only because For more information, contact: of its political and geographic position but also Nessa Wolfson because it has a unique international library for Educational Linguistics Program terminology to provide the tools required. Such an Graduate School of Education institute would become the central research unit and University of Pennsylvania training facility in our field and the main discussion 3700 Walnut Street forum for the different schools of terminology. Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA - (Taken from: Infoterm Newsletter 23, January 31, NEW JOURNAL Arab Journal of Language 1983). Studies INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONS AT THE The ArabJournal of Language Studies is a new UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA journal published by the Khartoum International The Educational Linguistics Program announces a Institute of Arabic, edited by Ushari Ahmad Mahmud. new Master's program in Intercultural It welcomes articles on language planning. Volume 1, communications. Students learn to address problems number 2 (February, 1983) included a report by which arise in education, government, and industry Abmad Abd al-Halim on The First Conference on due to differences in cultural values, assumptions, and Arabic in the Sudan. modes of interaction. They are expected to gain a For further information, write: solid foundation in the relevant areas of linguistics, Arab Journal of Language Studies psychology, and anthropology, preparing for positions Khartoum International Institute of as trainers and resource people for social service Arabic agencies, consultants to international trade and P. 0. Box 26, Al-Duyuum Al-Shargiyya industry, and foreign student advisors. Khartoum, Sudan

SOME ASPECTS OF PLANNING LANGUAGE Past and on-going language planning activities are also POLICY IN EDUCATION IN THE BELGIAN examined and recommendations and suggestions - CONGO Ungina Ndoma, doctoral dissertation, made towards national language and language Northwestern University, 1977, 406 pages. education policies, that could be integral parts of (University Microfilm order number 7732334). national development. The thesis describes language and The need for national authenticity for Nigeria language-related problems in education in the Belgian argues for the elevation of one of its indigenous Congo (now, the Republic of Zaire) and explores a languages to national status and for that language to variety of issues involved in the formulation of be used as the official language. The coexistence of each language policy during the colonial period 1906-1960. numerous languages within the country, and An introductory chapter outlines the history of expressing and reflecting subgroup identities education in the Congo from the Vatican agreement loyalties, makes the selection of such a language hand, need for national of 1906 until independence in 1960. Then follows a difficult. On the other the of description of the present language situation in Zaire. development takes the retention of a language and as well as that of wider The third chapter examines the influence of domestic science technology The answer to this problems in the Belgian approach to language communication imperative. dilimma lies in a which and planning in the colony. Policy and practice in these language policy recognizes of other at matters is discussed in detail in the fourth chapter. In respects the integrity indigenous languages of the fifth chapter improvements in planning the same time as it elevates one for the purposes and national and which procedures are suggested and concrete proposals are unification integration, staged not create made for a future language policy in Zaire. In the in implementation in a way which does or within the final section, the thesis summarizes its findings and social political disruption country. concludes with an indication of areas of necessary This study has attempted to provide, by research. assembling and organizing for the first time, a body of data on language distribution and use, together with LANGUAGE PLANNING IN NIGERIA - Onuigbo information on the historical antecedents to the Gregory Nwoye, doctoral dissertation, Georgetown present linguistic, educational, and political I University, 1978, 239 pages. (University Microfilm considerations. Based on these data, suggestions for a order number 7913988). comprehensive national language policy and its This study explores past and present language implementation have been offered. Theoretical issues policies in Nigeria and shows that they have failed to on language planning have also been discussed in the contribute adequately to overall national development. context of the Nigerian situation.

6 Lanruare Planninr Newsletter 0 Volume 9 0 Number 3

NOW AVAILABLE - Language for the Third World 102423, D"-6900 Heidelberg 1, Germany. The editor is Universities ed by John B. Pride in Indian journal oJ Manfred Görlach. The Editor, Applied Linguistics (August, 1982). (Write: NOW AVAILABLE -SPRAKDOK 1981 Oversikt U.S. Bahri, 57 Post Box 7023, New Delhi Santnagar, over igangvaerende forskning om sprâkene i Norden. Annual is: Institutional US $32 110065). subscription Utgitf av Nordisk spráksekretariat i samarbeid med and individual US$25. Sprkkdata, Göteborgs Universitet. [Language This issue discusses language choice and language Documentation 1981. An overview of current research issues in education and relates to many usage tertiary on the languages in the Nordic countries. Report No. identified in language problems language planning 3 from the Nordic Language Secretariat. Published by endeavors. Of interest are the especial following the Nordic Language Secretariat in cooperation with articles: Language Data, Gothenburg University.] Arrich, G. C. "Standard and the Nigerian English Of interest to students of language Educated User" particular treatment and planning are the following Gonzales, A. for the Third World language "Language entries: Universities - the Philippines" Denmark: 18. An of the Danish written language Kashoki, M. E. Education and the analysis "Language, norm and its relationship to making the Danes literate African University" 1800-1900. "African and Marshad, H. A. Languages Frans Gregersen, Institut for nordisk filologi, Njalsgade 80, Technology" D-2300 Içiihcnhavn 5, Denmark. V. "The Use of as a Medium of Prakasam, English Denmark: 21. The pro of establishing the Danish The Problem of Instruction: national language from sociolinguistic and history of science Registral Coordination" perspectives. Srivastava, R. N. "Languages of Instruction in Caroline C. t-Icnriksen, Ved Graensen 8, DK-2000 Multilingual India" K4beuhavn F, Denmark. Todd, L. "Cameroon: The Bilingual Choice in Denmark: 34. A linguistic model for gradual Higher Education" approximation of Danish orthography to be true to the Wurm, S. A. "Language in Third World sound. Leon Universities - Papua New Guinea Jan Katley, Hollaendervej 12, DK-2791 Drag6r, Denmark. and Some Adjacent Areas" Denmark: 67. The standardization of the Swedish written NOW AVAILABLE -Nordisk Sprdkplanlegging 1500-1800. (Nordic A from a language Language Planning). report Ulf Teleman, Roskilde Universitetscentcr, DK-4000 conference at Sundvollen Hotel, 25-27 March 1981, Roskilde, Denmark. the Nordic Secretariate. arranged by Language Finland: view term Nordisk 2. 7. Linguistic points of in Sprâksekretariats Rapporter formation. Risto Haarala Mimeographed. (n.d.) Kielitoimisto, Liisankatu 16 A 8, SF-00170 Helsinki 17, Reproduces lectures by B. Loman on "Ideas and Finland. motivations in Nordic the language planning during Finland: 50 Finland-Swedish cultivation. An last 100 H. on "Controlled language years," Spang-Hanssen overview over the discussion about norms during the last lexical with attention to development particular 100 years. between Nordic B. Molde on intelligibility languages," Christer Lauren, Vasa högskola, Râdhusgatan 31, SF-65100 "Spontaneous lexical growth," A. Karker on "Nordic Vasa 10, Finland and H. Runs on "Contrastive orthography," Finland: 82. The orthography of the Finnish language Danish-Norwegian-Swedish morphology," with since the 1970's. The also abstracts comments by participants. report Paula Sajavaara, lorpankuja 5 C 14, SF-40740 JyvSskyla 74, five research proposals on dialects, on ideology, on Finland conflicts and cooperation, and orthographies, in Iceland: 10. Icelandic language purification during the relation to Nordic language planning, and on the first half of the 20th Century. historical study of convergence and divergence of Svavar Sigmundsson, Bru vi Suurgötu, 101 Reykjavik, Nordic languages. Island/Iceland. 39. An index to the NOW AVAILABLE "Bilingual education, language Norway: periodical "Sprâklig Samling". Geirr 67, N-2400 Elverum, planning and English" by Joshua A. Fishman in Wiggeo, Strandstykket Norge. English World Wide (1980-81). NOW AVAILABLE "Development of Kiswahili, This new journal, published from 1980 on, Problems and Prospects" by S. J. Mama. Presented to addresses problems in and descriptions of, varieties of a symposium convened by UNESCO for the countries English. It includes discussions on language planning in East and Central Africa in 1983. (Mama's address: of which the article by Fishman is one of the first. The Baraza La Kiswahili La Taifa, Jumba La Coronation, journal has an annual subscription of US $24.50 and Barabara Ya Azikiwe/lnd, Sanduku La Posta 4766, can be ordered from Julius Groos Verlag, Postfach (Continued on page 8)

0 Volume 9 . Number 3 Language Planning Newsletter 7

Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania), mimeographed. language in Finland and a bridge to the rest of the Describes current activities and problems in the Nordic countries." (p. 2). standardization of Technical Terminology for Swahili, Christer Lauren's article on technical language the National and Official of Language Tanzania. points out that the language-cultivation model for Discusses in problems using Kiswahili in the schools, Swedish in Sweden cannot be applied to Swedish in the need for technical terms. especially Finland. Swedish technical language in Finland is - NOW AVAILABLE "The Economic Impact of the produced 1) as original texts in Swedish; 2) as texts Charter of the French Language" by Pierre-Etienne translated from Finnish (rarely, other languages); and Address Laporte. given at the Conference on 3) as texts written in Swedish by native speakers of Contemporary Quebec, Montreal, June 17, 1981. Finnish (structurally and lexically an exceedingly Mimeo put out by the Office de la langue française. different language). Discusses the economic costs of the Charter of the Helena Solstrand, editorial secretary of Sprdkbruk, French Language by looking primarily at its cost to contributes an article on "The Swedish Language - business firms the one place where such measures Office Organization and Tasks." She notes that are available. Also considers the economic benefits to over 4000 telephone inquiries on language usage were business firms, with the intent to demonstrate that received from the public in 1981. There are only two economic benefits are inherent in the Charter but that full-time employees at the Office, Reuter and there might be more benefits than are inherent and Solstrand. Linguistic variety is provided in the issues that there are to likely he even more in the future. La by an article in Norwegian, Stale L4land's "Linguistic Porte concludes that the economic costs of Bill 101 Issues in the Nordic Countries." The focus is on have been overestimated. The cost are low and attempts at unification (Einbau) of technical terms entirely within the limits acceptable to business firms. adopted for the three mainland Scandinavian The report concludes that franeization increases languages to replace English loanwords; wherever creativity, participation and initiative particularly possible, they should also be constructed so that a among Francophone managers. However, the study literal Finnish loan-translation can also be adopted. noted more negative responses from Anglophone The final article, "Language and Bureaucracy", is - employees complaints, requests for transfer and the Swedish summary of a Finnish government 1981 resistance to francization by Anglophones. The author report with emphasis on the "plain language" notes that these negative reactions can be diminished movement (cf. LPN 8-1, Feb. 1981), pp. 7-8) and the if the implementation process is done with great care responsibility of the authorities, especially public and with proper timing. servants, to administer the people in a language which it understands. NOW AVAILABLE Sprdkbruk. Jnformationsblad The editorial address of is: Svenska utgivet av Svenska sprcikbyrán. No. I, 198 1. [Language Sprdkbruk 7 SF-00130 Use. Newsletter of the Swedish Language Office (of spr5kbyrân, Fahiansgatan B, Helsingfors 13, Finland. Finnish Marks Finland)]. Editor, Mikael Renter. 16 pp. Subscriptions (15 per volume of 2 issues) should be sent to: Statens A new newsletter on national language planning PB 516, SF-00101 10. and treatment for Swedish of Finland is now edited by tryckerieentral, Helsingfors E. Wood) Mikael Reuter. It is the culmination of activity (Richard beginning in 1975, described in the article Reuter, by The East-West Center is all )a Ii catinoal O St itotion esublishc'd ii Use and Cultivation" (in in 1960 "Language Language Hawaii by the United States Congress. The (Stnno's Swedish). Renter notes that the maiwlate is "to better relatiims and previously private promote understanding ansong the nations of Asia, the Swedish Language Cultivation Commission in Finland Pacific, and the United States through was nationalized in 1976, when the Research Center study, oatnitig. and reseaictc'' cooperativeEach more 1.500 for Domestic was established. Like the year than graduate students, scholars, Languages m hnsi iess and and newsletters in Sweden, professionals gnveriintcnt., visitittg specialists parallel Norway and Denmark, in engage research with the Center's internati nsa) staff on major will be used, Renter says, to inform issues aol) the Asian list) Paci Or Since 19W, Sprdkbruk mainly problems acing region. the public on the Office's terminological mote. than 30,00)) islets antI women from tho region base ii) the Center's recommendations. participated cooperative programs. 1) Center's researt Ii and educational at tts'it d5 ;it-(- comitiocd in Swedish enjoys an ambivalent status in Finland. It five insnmtes- Culture Learning, Environment is an official and state But ---Communication, language enjoys protection. inn) Policy, Popolatioti, mid Resource Systeoms-atn) in its Pa( 'Sr the of the are such Isltmds socio-linguistic dynamics society Development Program, Open Giants, and Centero'id- that even in those remaining communities where programs. to come from (lie U Swedish is the numerical majority language, Swedish A)dstcngls prim pal funding continues Sn mine 111;111 20 Asian ann Pacific vc'rinnen ts, as well a- Finlanders yield to Finnish whenever a Congress, U nand have tos- is private agencies rimperatinns, provided contributions Finnish-speaker present. The Swedish of Finland The East-Rest Ceno-r pisigrsni sills)))). is a public, mnio-oht must be seen to he Finnish, with authentically but "a corporation an internatinital hoasri of -v( nit), which can be provincial language understood only by 11777 East-West Road, the Swedish Finlanders has no future as an official Hossn)n)w, Hawaii 96848

S 0 8 Language Planning Newsletter Volume 9 Number 3