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Introduction on Selected Grantees of the National Science Fund for Distinguised Young Scholars and Pis of the Creative Research Groups

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Introduction on Selected Grantees of the National Science Fund for Distinguised Young Scholars and Pis of the Creative Research Groups PART Introduction on Selected Grantees of the National Science Fund for Distinguised Young Scholars and PIs of the Creative Research Groups 34 2009 Annual Report Introduction on Selected Grantees of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars and PIs of the Creative Research Groups NSFC Dr. Chang Jin Research Professor, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Grantee of the Fund in 2009 Dr. Chang Jins major research interests are focused using gamma-ray as an in-flight calibration for electron on space astronomy including theory and instrument observation. The first high energy resolution cosmic development. Under the support of NSFC, he has made electron spectrum from 20 GeV to 3 TeV has been major research achievements as follows: measured by this method. The results revealed the evidence that the surplus between 300 and 800 GeV in 1. Dark matter particle search. By observing cosmic ray the electron spectrum may resulted from the annihila- electrons and gamma-rays, people can find some tion from dark matter particle. signals from dark matter. Chang Jin developed a simple way to observe high energy electron and gamma- 3. Space X-ray and low energy gamma-ray detector ray by using high energy resolution calorimeter and development. Scintillator detector, room temperature applied this method into one cosmic ray detector (ATIC). solid state detector and new-type LaBr3 detector have Compared to normal methods, the weight of new detec- been developed for space observation and applied to tor is reduced by at least 1/3. ATIC instrument was Shenzhou-2 spacecraft, Change-1 and Change-2 lu- developed to investigate high energy cosmic rays such nar missions in China. as proton and He nucleus. After detailed Monte Carlo simulation and beam test, the high energy cosmic ray The high energy cosmic ray electron results have been electrons and gamma-rays have been successfully ob- published in Nature (Nov.20, 2008) and attracted seri- served by this detector. ous concern all over the world. This paper has been listed as most-cited research articles of 2009 (24th) in 2. High energy electron and gamma-ray data analysis high-energy physics by SPIRES database team. The and calibration. Observations of cosmic-ray electrons research results was selected by the American Physical are difficult due to the large flux of cosmic ray hadrons. Society as one of the top 10 physics achievements in The systematic error is the major issue. Chang Jin 2008 and regarded as the best physics development of developed a method to reduce systematic errors by 2008 in November by the European Physical Society. 2009 Annual Report 35 Dr. Wu Qiao of protein acetylation and methylation, and put forward Professor, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University to a novel regulatory feed-back model regulated by TR3, Grantee of the Fund in 2004 but also determined various modifications of TR3 by phosphorylation, isomerization, ubiquitination pathways, which often occur in the TR3 nucleocytoplasmic translocation, and effectively impair the TR3 functions in the apoptotic induction of cancer cells. Furthermore, Prof. Wu and her group present the first evidence of TR3 on inhibition of oncoprotein MDM2 mediated by p53 (The EMBO Journal, 2006) in their study of cell signal transduction, It is revealed that the TR3s novel function in protecting p53 degradation from MDM2, suggesting TR3 as a potential target to develop new anticancer agents that restrict MDM2-induced tumor progression. Prof. Wu Qiao is working at the School of Life Sciences Although the physiological ligand of TR3 has not been in Xiamen University as the deputy director of the Key identified up to data, Prof. WU and her group recently Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Cell Biology identified an octaketide, cytosporone B (Csn-B) isolated and Tumor Cell Engineering. Her main research areas from Dothiorella sp. HTF3, an endophytic fungus, to be are focused on the functional mechanisms of nuclear a naturally occurring agonist for TR3. It was found that orphan receptors and their signal transduction pathways, Csn-B stimulated the transactivation activity of TR3, as well as pharmaceuticals using orphan receptors as increased TR3-mediated induction of apoptosis, growth targets. Professor Wu, as a corresponding author, has inhibition of tumor xenografts, and regulation of gluco- published more than 30 papers in renowned interna- neogenesis in the liver of mice (Nature Chemical Biology, tional academic journals, in which she has achieved 2008). This study represents a breakthrough in both several breakthroughs in the mechanism and regulation theoretical and clinical settings. They further offer new of nuclear orphan receptors. Prof. Wus work has caused insight into therapeutic agonists of TR3 through deter- strong repercussions both nationally and internationally, mining a unique pharmacophore for activation of TR3, and is often cited by researchers in the same field within and expounding the structure-activity relationship. A summary reports and thesis papers. She has also been recent significant development in their work is the dis- invited to write several summary reports. She is cur- covery of a potential lead compound that can decrease rently in charge of more than 20 projects including the glucose levels through TR3 mediation, based on the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar, mechanism of TR3 in regulating signal of gluconeogenesis. Key Program and International Joint Research Program Therefore, Csn-B and its derivatives have important from NSFC, Ministry of Science and Technology and pharmacological implications for developing new thera- Ministry of Education. peutic drugs to treat cancer and hypoglycemia. Prof. Wu and her group mainly focus their research on Prof. Wu is funded by the National Science Fund for the modification and regulation of proteins for exploring Distinguished Young Scholars (2004), and engaged as the functional mechanisms of orphan receptor TR3 (also a Distinguished Professor under the Min-jiang Scholar called Nur77). They have not only discovered a unique Scheme. She is currently the council member of the function of TR3, as a negative regulator in the regulation China Biophysics Association (CBA), member of sev- 36 2009 Annual Report Introduction on Selected Grantees of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars and PIs of the Creative Research Groups NSFC eral high-profile committees including the Bio-mem- and so on, where is not for overwintering; while (ii) the brane and Cell Biology Committee of CBA, Tumor Re- third and forth generations of amphitropical cotton boll- search Committee of China Pathology and Physiology worms migrate towards south with northerly wind after Association, and the Cancer Drug Committee of China mid-August. It was found that the major causes trigger- Anticancer Association. She also serves as the editor at ing cotton bollworm migration are the high population the Chinese Journal of Cell Biology. She has supervised density and/or the adverse environment. Research us- more then 20 MSc and Ph.D. students to date and is the ing entomological radar technology suggested that cot- awarder of the Lu Jiaxi Outstanding Postgraduate ton bollworm has the habitude of orientation migration Student Supervisor Award. following wind. Normally the flight altitude of cotton bollworm ranges from 300 m to 500 m and the flight distance is about 150-300 m per night. Based on the knowledge, an analogy model has been established for Dr. Wu Kongming forecasting the migration trajectories and routes of cot- Professor, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese ton bollworm. These studies have clarified the habitude Academy of Agricultural Science of cotton bollworm populations in the different areas of Grantee of the Fund in 2006 China, and laid the theoretical foundation for long-dis- tance and regional forecasting of cotton bollworm populations. 2. The population dynamics of cotton bollworms in Bt cotton and conventional cotton fields was systemati- cally investigated in Hebei Province from 1997 to 2007. The results combined the model analyses with data obtained from 100 experimental points in North China from 1992 to 2006 demonstrated that the large scale adoption of Bt cotton destroyed the food chain of cotton bollworms shifting among different host crops seasonally. It compressed the ecological niche of cotton bollworm, and it thus not only efficiently reduced the damage of Prof. Wu Kongming is currently engaged in the research cotton bollworm on cotton plants, but also highly sup- to develop technologies and theories for monitoring, pressed the occurrence of cotton bollworm on corn, early warning and control of cotton bollworm populations. soybean, peanut, vegetables and other host plants. The major achievements acquired in recent years are These results clarified the ecological effects of Bt cotton summarized as follows: on the target pests, and provided the theoretical basis for understanding the regulation mechanism of 1. The investigation of the migration patterns of cotton transgenic crops on population evolution of insect pests. bollworms in China. The study revealed that: (i) under Moreover these results have the great guiding signifi- the influence by East Asian Monsoon, the first and cance for developing new technologies using Bt plants second generations of amphitropical cotton bollworms to the sustainable suppression of regional occurrences migrate towards north with southerly wind from May to and catastrophes of cotton bollworm. The findings were July to the temperate regions such as the north of published in Science on September 19, 2008. Shanxi and Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning and Jilin 2009 Annual Report 37 3. By laboratory selection using Bt proteins, 8 cotton Science & Technology Award for Chinese Youth in bollworm strains, which showed resistance to Bt cotton, 2006. In 2007, Prof. Wu was nominated as the grantee have been sequentially obtained, and moreover the of the Ten Million Talent Projectby the Ministry of near isogenic lines of the high resistance strains have Personnel. been established at the same time.
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